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Conservation of Sacred Area Through Religious Belief and Impact of Anthropogenic Activities: a Case Study from Oran of Deshnoke Village, Bikaner District (Rajasthan)

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Conservation of Sacred Area Through Religious Belief and Impact of Anthropogenic Activities: a Case Study from Oran of Deshnoke Village, Bikaner District (Rajasthan) International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 Received: 05-08-2020; Accepted: 20-08-2020: Published: 06-09-2020 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 5; 2020; Page No. 85-88 Conservation of sacred area through religious belief and impact of anthropogenic activities: A case study from Oran of Deshnoke village, Bikaner District (Rajasthan) Sarika Bhura1*, Vinay Kumar2, Bindu Sharma3 1 ⃰ Research scholar, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2, 3 Assistant professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Abstract Sacred groves are patches of forest that held sacred through religious belief. This is the area from which local peoples and domestic tribes get food, fodder, fuel and medicinally important plants. The area is conserved by the local person who lives around these areas. Oran of Deshnoke held sacred for the religious belief of Karni Mata by the native people of this area. Various anthropogenic activities degrade the Oran and leads to loss of biodiversity. These activities adversely affect the environment of Oran area. This present case study from Oran of Deshnoke village will reveal that however the large gathering of people in around these sacred groves is a religious aspect but that drastically affect this area which results into loss of biodiversity and many other losses to ecosystem. Present investigation also explores the role of sacred grove in conservation and management of ecosystem services. Various protective measures should have been done to protect this area. Keywords: Oran, conservation, sacred grove, anthropogenic activity 1. Introduction role in conservation of these sacred grove. These India is one among the 12 mega Biodiversity Country in the communities conserve these areas because in respect of world, Myers et al (2000) [1]. Because of enormous demand local deity Naik and Vishnuvardhan (2017) [6]. of growing population, forests are depleted and degraded to Various anthropogenic activities like deforestation, hunting, fulfill their demands of direct and indirect lifestyle needs. overexploitation and development activities around sacred Therefore, it is difficult to manage forests in a sustainable grove directly or indirectly affect the sacred grove. It needs manner. Conservation of natural resources is consequently to study the complex interaction between human and integral part of the indigenous communities which are found environment. If in any environment we found any non- around the forest. The concept of sacred grove is very human things than we study that how and in which extent ancient, it is existed since time of Rig-Veda where worship that thing affects the environment in other words we study of tree is quite popular and universal. Rajasthan, which is the intellectual interaction between that non-human things geographically largest state of India comprises around 1100 and environment. This interaction is helpful in predicting Oran’s which are spread in area of about 1, 00,000 hectares. the human behavior and impact of this behavior on It is a state having scarcity of water along with variable environment, Liu (2001) [7]. If this has not been done then a environmental conditions. Sacred grove is important large number of questions remain unresolved like how and component of traditional conservation movement in many which extent the human activities affect the environment? parts of world, Hughes and Chandran (1998) [2]. They are And what novel approach should adopt to answer these patches of forest which are protected by local community of questions, Liu (2001) [7]. Even the tribal communities which that area because of their religious belief. These areas lives in surrounding of sacred grove play an important role provide many things for human which are economically in conservation of these sacred grove. These communities benefitted like food, fodder, fuel, fruits, timber and conserve these areas because in respect of local deity. A nontimber yielding products and medicinally important community led environmental initiative will help in raising plants. It is believed that these sacred groves are last refuge consciousness among future generation as well as among of many taxa mostly includes rare, threatened and indigenous community Dutta (2020) [8]. In China many vulnerable species that need to be conserved, Gadgil and protected area (PAs) are established for restoring ecosystem Vartak (1975) [3]. Hence these sacred groves are considered services but increasing development and urbanization to be as epicenter of ecology conservation research, Ray and negatively affects these PAs. To conserve these area Ramachnadran (2010) [4]. ‘Oran’ is a segment of land that engagements of local community is necessary along with held sacred by local community for the respect of local this penalty mechanism for destructive activities should be deity. These sacred palaces are in relationship with implemented Zhang et al (2017) [9]. Various activities indigenous culture in believing that trees are symbol of god including cutting, looping, construction activities have and ancestral spirits. Various community set aside these affected the species richness in various sacred grove of Pune pious areas and established rules and customs to ensure their District of Maharashtra Kulkarni et al (2018) [10]. Legal protection. These rules and customs forbid collection of any management of juristic personhood may be an effective material from forest floor, falling of trees and poaching of tactic for conservation of these natural sites Studley and animals, Malhotra et al (2007) [5]. The tribal communities Bleish (2018) [11]. which live in surrounding of sacred grove play an important 85 International Journal of Botany Studies www.botanyjournals.com Unsustainable human activities are causing environmental important for local communities are growing here. Various degradation which is deteriorating the environmental quality rituals and customs related to this pious place established by through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil, these local people that are still followed by peoples because destruction of ecosystem, habitat loss, extinction of wildlife of their respect to local deity. During our survey we found and pollution. It is also defined as undesirable change in the that peoples of local community helped maintaining this environment (Bain 2017) [12]. These human activities also sacred area. decline biodiversity. Overpopulated human race along with overconsumption needs is mainly responsible for it. Another 3.1 Conservation of sacred area major concern of world is that coral reefs are dying out just Conservation is the act of preserving the natural resources because of human overpopulation Mabrouk (2007) [13]. so they can be used in sustainable way. Many valuable Global warming is the result of increasing CO2 medicinal plants are found in these sacred natural sites, so concentration in atmosphere which is caused by combustion these sacred groves should be managed to conserve for of fossils energy source such as petroleum coal, natural ethnomedicinally valuable plants. According to gases and to large extent by destruction of forest Tan et al conservationist, development is necessary for bright future (2002) [14]. Land degradation by human also adversely the but only when changes are not harmful to natural resources value of biophysical environment. or environment. By doing survey and field study we found Soil organic carbon concentrations of plants of drylands are that peoples of local community helped in conservation of very low. Despite of having this afforestation of many of the area including its flora and fauna. A large number of these plants play a significant role in carbon sequestration. plants of “Ber” (Zizyphus nummularia and Zizyphus The estimated potential of soil organic carbon sequestration mauritiana) are found along with many other xerophytic by afforestation of plant like Acacia, Mesquite, Neem and plants. These plants of ber are held sacred as symbol of others is about 1 Pg C/y for world and 50 Tg C/y for the “Karni Mata” local goddess of this area. A small temple of U.S. R. Lal (2014) [15]. There is a positive correlation goddess is situated in area of Oran. This complete area is between species richness and species diversity through tree held sacred because in respect of this goddess. Cutting of all plantation and sequestration of carbon Singh and Singh plants are prohibited in this area. The vegetation is being (2015) [16]. Here in this paper we are concerned about a conserved by local people because various rituals are related small but an important patch of sacred grove, named to these plants with respect to local deity. People worship Deshnoke Karni Mata temple, which is situated in north- the plants of ber that is found in this area. The local people west Rajasthan, Thar Desert of Bikaner District. It is use their traditional knowledge to cure the health of peoples valuable for local people’s doctrine as well as for their lungs by utilizing these plants so these plants need to be oxygen’s. Area of this sacred grove held sacred because of conserved. This knowledge is their wealth and heirloom respect of Karni Mata. Vegetation of this area is mainly which is very beneficial to environment. Indigenous man xerophytic. It is a part of world dryland. has basic system of medicine to cure the disease to improve the patient condition so that they can live a productive 2. Material and methodology
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