® 2011

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THE UNDERSEA JOURNAL PROJECT AWARE RELAUNCH » NEW COURSES » ECO-TOURISM TRAVEL » BUSINESS: GOING GREEN THIRD QUARTER 2011 CONTENTSTHE UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRD QUARTER 2011

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46l LIVING SEAS: PROJECT 6 l In the Field AWARE PADI Worldwide President Protecting Our Ocean and COO Drew Richard- Planet One Dive at a son calls on PADI Members Time to join Project AWARE in its BY JENNY MILLER GARMENDIA e"orts to meaningful pol- Project AWARE has launched icy change that will guarantee its new logo, mission and the future health of the plan- vision – and calls on you to et’s oceans. help address critical issues facing the world’s oceans: 11 l PADI Life shark conservation and A look at DEMA Show 2011. marine debris. 83 l Training Bulletin 54 l BUSINESS OF DIVING Why Conservation? 92 l BY MEGAN DENNY Training Scuba Make your business more Divers: A Fatality and profitable by using eco- Risk Analysis friendly ideas that reduce 46 BY JOHN KINSELLA your costs and help the !e third part in our series environment. analyzing the findings in 64 Dr. Drew Richardson’s paper 62 l TRAINING Rebreather Training Scuba Divers: A Fatal- Launch ity and Risk Analysis. !is issue, BY KARL SHREEVES we examine fatalities that !e PADI organization occurred outside PADI-sanc- introduces new courses this tioned training programs and quarter: PADI Rebreather those that involved PADI div- Diver, Advanced Rebreather ing professionals. Diver and Tec CCR Diver. 97 l Quality Management 74 l TRAVEL Giving Back Through Voluntourism 98 l Dive Industry News BY BROOKE MORTON PADI CEO Brian Cronin says Many dive centers benefit replacing incandescent light- from the help o"ered by vol- bulbs with LEDs is a small step unteer eco-tourists. PADI that pays o" in huge dividends Members share ocean con- for the environment. servation projects that can be conducted on your next This product is group dive travel vacation. from sustainably managedforests and controlled Cover By Brett Evans sources.

!e Undersea Journal (ISSN 1740-1930) (USPS 025-042) is published quarterly by PADI Americas, Inc., 30151 Tomas, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688 USA. Cost per issue $12.00 US. Periodicals postage paid at Trabuco Canyon and additional entry o!ce. !e Undersea Journal is the o!cial publication of PADI Worldwide and is produced in association with Bonnier Enthusiast Group. For customer service and back issues, please call 800 729 7234 (US and Canada) or +1 949 729 7234, ext. 2495. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to !e

Undersea Journal, PADI Customer Service Department, 30151 Tomas, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688-2125 USA. GALLI DANCA KATY PADI; COURTESY TOP: FROM

4 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUA RTE R 2011 E DIT O R ’S DESK

the European Commission to strengthen The New Project AWARE its !nning ban, and together, we’ll look to close regulatory loopholes in the areas Since you’re an avid diver, I’m sure you know that water that matter most. At the grassroots level, covers more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface. Nor get out the word – sign the shark peti- tion at the Project AWARE website, don’t is it news to you that the ocean contains some of the buy shark !n products in particular, and most productive and most important ecosystems we shark products in general. have, and that without them, the global environment Project AWARE is also zeroing in on the battle against marine debris beyond would collapse. cleanups. In more than 100 countries, this puts divers on the front lines. We are a di"erence. Armed with the knowledge the ones collecting debris underwater as that the Chilean seabass is actually the well as in the water or near the water, iden- Patagonian tooth!sh – an overexploited tifying the trouble spots and gathering !shery – for example, a diver who is also data so we can !nd , support the a chef can post in a culinary forum and e"orts of local leaders to improve compre- literally in$uence thousands to choose hensive waste management and help at a di"erent seafood. Most people care the regional and international level. enough to choose di"erently – they just As a PADI Member, you’re already one need to know there’s an important rea- of thousands of divers in the battle for son to do so. the ocean’s future – our future. You’re Project AWARE Foundation has also one of the leaders, positioned to a new vision, mission and goals [see enlarge our numbers by taking students What many people don’t know – page 51] along with a new focus on two and divers to projectaware.org (on your including divers – is that as important major areas – sharks in peril and marine smartphone, tablet or laptop) to show as this ecosystem is, less than one percent debris. Project AWARE also has a new them how they can stay informed, stay has legal protection – only a small por- logo representing its commitment to an involved and make a di"erence. tion of which is fully protected through unprecedented movement that unites you, A single voice gets lost in the roar, but no-take zones. We can’t live without the me and millions of other divers to take millions shouting together rise above it. aquatic world, yet 99 percent of it is rela- action to in$uence environmental policies A single di"erent choice doesn’t a"ect tively open to pollution, over!shing and at local and international levels. Together, corporate policy, but the same choice by other destructive practices. Because peo- divers are changing the world – making millions it, willing or not. #at’s ple don’t know about the peril and the it better by working to protect the oceans what Project AWARE’s new emphasis is issues, destructive practices continue in that we all depend upon, and that future all about – being heard and making dif- some places unabated. generations will depend upon. ferent choices to keep the aquatic world If we were beyond the point of no #ere are two critical ocean conserva- vibrant and healthy. return, there’d be no reason to write tion issues before us right now: sharks in this editorial. #ankfully, we’re not. As peril, and marine debris. Project AWARE the ocean struggles for its life – our life is taking a stand on both of these. – we’re seeing new forces emerge on its Many of the world’s shark species are Good luck and good diving, behalf. #e most powerful of these is on the brink of extinction. Like most Drew Richardson Ed.D. . . . you. apex predators, most shark species grow Publisher & Editor-in-Chief #e information age is bringing a revo- slowly, mature late and produce few lution to social change. It’s uniting people young, which makes them particularly in common causes around the world, vulnerable to !shing . Over!sh- and arming them with information and ing, shark !nning and bycatch continue the means to distribute it. For the !rst to decimate shark species. Recently, time in history, individual voices make AWARE divers helped champion a call for

6 T H E U N D ERS EAJOU RNA L THIRDQUARTER 2011 PADI Executives are in the the in are Executives PADI Resorts Resorts and staying connected in the

1-4: COURTESY DOUGLAS NASH; MICHAEL A. HYDUK; KRISTIN VALETTE; COURTESY PADI WORLDWIDE from Executives PADI Russia, to USA, Jersey, New and and trade shows, visiting with PADI Dive Centers and around the globe are on tour attending Tec Xplor events PA DI [1] [2] 7

[2] T H ! E U eld and on tour. From tour. on and eld N D O ER S EA U O J ! eld. A N R N L R E T R A U Q D R I H T [4]

T [3] 2011 Americas Vice President Training & Customer Customer & Training President Vice Americas PADI Boss, Karin Consultant, Training Americas at Tecthe presented All event. three Xplor occasion of the centre’s tenth anniversary servic anniversary tenth centre’s the of occasion owner, PADI Russian Distribution Centre, Irina Irina Centre, Distribution Russian PADI owner, (IT)PADIinthe TecRec Fourexperienced system. TecRec Instructor Trainer Matt Partridge; Vice Pres and PADI TechnicalJill Heinerth, Field Consultant, Vice President Operations, Dana Stewart, PADI PADI Stewart, Dana Operations, President Vice dle East and Africa Limited, Vice President Sales Sales President Vice Limited, Africa and East dle sented to the Russian Distribution Centre by Centre PADI toDistribution sented the Russian sentatives from PADI Dive Centers and Resorts, Resorts, and Centers Dive PADI from sentatives a full-day event filled with seminars covering side covering seminars with filled event full-day a and appearances by some of the biggest names in in names biggest the of bysome appearances and and Marketing, Douglas Nash and Director and and Director and Nash Douglas Marketing, and ANN was conducted in the offices of PADI Asia Pacific in Worldwide President and COO, Drew Richardson. Richardson. Drew COO, and President Worldwide On 16 March, the PADI organization completed the Sydney. Shown here are the staff and newly qual newly and staff the are here Shown Sydney. Morgan. James Service, mount, , future PADI course offerings offerings PADI course future rebreathers, mount, first orientation program for Instructor Trainers Trainers Instructor for program orientation first Instructor Trainer Ben Reymenants; PADI Asia Asia PADI Reymenants; Ben Trainer Instructor ITs theevent,which attended agencies other from Pacific Educational Consultant Alex Boulton and and Boulton Alex Consultant Educational Pacific TecRec Caney; Mark Technologies, Rebreather President Vice PADI Burton; Steve and Grey Phil Kned Thomas Consultants, Educational Pacific Asia PADI [L-R]: Pictured ITs.TecRec PADI ified PADI Division, Terry Americas PADI [L-R]: show the outside Pictured the is festival The Brasil. Paulo, Sao in Festival PADI Dive annual tenth the hosted America Latin Europe, Middle East and Africa Limited on the the on Limited Africa and East Middle Europe, ing PADI Members in the Russian Fed in ing Russian the PADI Members ident PADI Worldwide and Director of Marketing Marketing of Director and PADIWorldwide ident ticipated in and attended this successful event. event. successful this attended and in par ticipated more and manufacturers agencies, travel Beresneva, with the Bristol Blue Glass Vase pre Vase Glass Blue Bristol the with Beresneva, tor and TecRec Trainer, Instructor PADI Loflin, Jeff the tec industry. [L-R]:Pictured PADI Course Direc [2] [1] [4] [3] lowing Beneath the Sea, PADI the Sea, TecReclowing Beneath hosted staff largest in South and Central America, and repre and America, Central and South in largest lik and Dan Macherel, TecRec Instructor Trainers, TecRec Instructor Macherel, Dan and lik

PADI RUSS PADI

OU T BRA I E VE C RE S R T I S C L D L E ARY INST C X I IA VE FEST VE P

Shown here are Shown here PADIMid Europe, N D LO R U R I C ST D TO AY RI I V R BUT A S, S,

TRAI L N This past April, PADI PADI April, past This I EW JE EW ON CENT NE R R R C SE R Cummins. eration. R OSSOVE Y E 10-YE , US A Fol AR R S ------

Keeping PADI Professionals Informed, Inspired and Involved

EDITORIAL Drew Richardson Ed.D. PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Theresa Kaplan PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Todd Menzel, MEM MANAGING EDITOR Karl Shreeves, MA EDUCATION & TECHNICAL EDITOR Julie Taylor Sanders TRAINING EDITOR Kristin Valette, MBA MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS EDITOR Jenny Miller Garmendia, MA ENVIRONMENT EDITOR Ajá Renée Smith, MFA EDITORIAL ASSISTANT STAFF CONTRIBUTORS Lori Bachelor-Smith, Ania Budziak, Terry Cummins, Al Hornsby, Adrianne Miller, Julie Taylor Sanders, Jo Walters, Bob Wohlers

SPECIAL CORRESPONDENTS Daryl Carson, Mark Evans, Leslie Leaney, Joanne Marston, Neal W. Pollock, Ann Louise Tuke, Dominic Ziegler

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORS PADI Europe, Middle East and Africa Regional Headquarters: Jean-Claude Monachon, Mark Caney, Douglas Nash, Hans “Olle” Olsson, Trond Skaare PADI Americas Regional Headquarters: Randy Giles !"#$%"&'(%!()'*)%+,-'./(0%1,(234(56,5&7% Henrik Nimb, Colin Melrose PADI Japan: Tatsuo Nakano PADI Worldwide: Terry Cummins, Takayuki Miyashita Jean-Michel Cousteau Joseph MacInnis, MD Michael R. Powell, PhD

CONTRACT PUBLISHING PUBLISHING Jeff Mondle ADVERTISING DIRECTOR/ ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER

EDITORIAL Patricia Wuest MANAGING EDITOR

ART Monica Alberta DESIGNER Jennifer Pileggi DESIGNER Kaitlin Danca Galli PHOTO EDITOR

PRODUCTION Jeff Cassell GROUP PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Kelly Kramer Weekley PRODUCTION MANAGER

Address all editorial inquiries to: Todd Menzel: [email protected]

Address all advertising inquiries to: Jeff Mondle; [email protected]; Tel: 760-433-5141 Policies and Submission Information: The Undersea Journal is the official magazine of the PROFES- SIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DIVING INSTRUCTORS® (PADI). Published quarterly by PADI, The Undersea Journal presents information and ideas of value to PADI’s worldwide membership, including recreational and education, retail business and education, the marine environment, hyperbaric science, dive safety and health, and industry and association news. Views expressed do not necessarily reflect the policies or recom- mendations of PADI or its employees. The publication of an article or advertisement does not necessarily constitute product or service endorsement by PADI. Throughout this publication trademarks may be used. We have not printed a trademark symbol in every occurrence of a trademark. We have used the marks only in a jour- nalistic fashion without affecting trademark rights. Article and photograph submissions are welcomed. Articles must be submitted electronically, either on a disk or via email. All unsolicited contri- butions are on speculation only, and we assume no responsibility for loss or damage thereto, nor are we able to return unsolicited materi- als. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing, The Undersea Journal and PADI obtain all rights, including electronic rights, to solicited submissions. Neither PADI nor The Undersea Journal offers com- pensation for unsolicited materials. It is also agreed that PADI has the right to reproduce in whole or in part, either in print or elec- tronically, unsolicited material to The Undersea Journal. Except for news releases, product releases or by prior agreement, only origi- nal works are accepted; contributor certifies that submissions have not been published elsewhere nor submitted simultaneously to other publications. Any material accepted is subject to such revision as is necessary to meet the requirements of this publication. © PADI 2011. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or part without written permission is prohibited.

8 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 11 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 12 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 13 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 14 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 15 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 16 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011

P ADI L I FE HOT NEW GEAR

O n the Cutting Edge What’s new in the world of dive gear. BY DARYL CARSON Helping a customer make the right purchasing decision — for his or her skill level, body type, diving environ- ment and professional needs — is a crucial service. We’ve got the lowdown on these products from Cressi, Light & Motion, Nuvair, Nauticam and XIT.

1 2

IT HAS SMART CON- TROLS, IS EFFORTLESS TO CHARGE AND IS SMALL ENOUGH TO USE WITH A WRIST MOUNT.

options in a light they can take on every adventure. Light & Motion has designed a light that has smart controls, is e!ort- less to charge and is small enough to use with a wrist mount. COOL FEATURES: Fully sealed body incorporates a sliding magnetic switch » 1 CRESSI AIR TRAVEL BC ments possible at any orientation » A Beam switches from spot to flood » Users At less than 2.5 kilograms/6.0 pounds large accessory pocket for carrying essen- can select three power levels to man- in size Medium, the Air Travel is a true tial gear » Slimline, rear-mount air cell » age brightness and lengthen burn time featherweight and ideal for divers jour- Folds easily and compactly. » Built-in Lithium-ion battery is easily neying to far-flung destinations. Its WHY IT’S HOT: The Air Travel is so light charged through external wet connection lightweight and ultraslim design make it and compact it never has to be left behind, » Optional padded wrist mount or BCD/ e!ortless to pack into small spaces and meaning divers can always enjoy the com- lanyard clip for multiple carrying options. keep it nicely streamlined underwater. fort of using their own gear. cressi.com WHY IT’S HOT: In addition to being small COOL FEATURES: Integrated and powerful, the SOLA truly provides mul- pockets mean divers don’t have to sac- 2 LIGHT & MOTION SOLA DIVE 1200 tiple lighting options, equally filling the bill rifice convenience for easy carrying » Compact and versatile, the SOLA Dive as a main light source or trusty backup.

Three dump valves make adjust- 1200 gives divers plenty of lighting uwimaging.com GALLI DANCA KATY

20 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE HOT NEW GEAR

3

THIS TURNKEY SYSTEM HAS A HIGH CHARGE RATE AND COMES IN AN ALL- IN-ONE PACKAGE THAT’S ENCLOSED FOR COOL, QUIET OPERATION.

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3 NUVAIR VOYAGER IV Nauticam’s rugged alumi- 5 !is LP and HP generating system num NA-LX5 housing. is built for dive shops that support tech- COOL FEATURES: Excel- nical diving, generating nitrox mixes up lent ergonomics and ultracompact design for eas- to 40 percent O2 and has optional capability. ier maneuvering underwater COOL FEATURES: Fully enclosed for cool, » A double-locking clasp for quiet operation » Charging rate of 481 a secure seal » A sensitive lpm/17 cfm » Nuvair membrane sys- shutter release that pro- tem » HP compressor delivers air to 414 vides tactile feedback » TTL bar/6000 psi and nitrox to 248 bar/3600 capability that allows any psi » 1,700,000 lt/60,000 cf HP filtration shutter speed and aperture » Interstage pressure gauges » Automatic combination with external shutdown for high pressure, high tempera- D-TTL and DS-TTL capable ture and low oil. strobes. 2nd Rate Slate system allows for easy WHY IT’S HOT: This turnkey system has WHY IT’S HOT: The NA-LX5 makes a mounting of the Aqua Pencil to any slate a high charge rate and comes in an all-in- significant step toward putting DSLR capa- they already own. one package that’s enclosed for cool, quiet bilities in the hands of photographers who COOL FEATURES: Ruggedly built like operation. nuvair.com prefer the ease and maneuverability of a its Aqua Pencil companion, the system compact system.nauticamusa.com includes a high-impact bracket and corro- 4 NAUTICAM NA-LX5 HOUSING sion-resistant hardware » Mounts easily ISE: COURTESY NUVAIR; COURTESY NAUTICAM; COURTESY XIT 404 XIT COURTESY NAUTICAM; COURTESY NUVAIR; COURTESY ISE:

Panasonic’s Lumix LX5 is a powerhouse 5 XIT 404 2ND RATE SLATE by drilling two holes in any existing slate W compact camera, delivering raw for- For most divers, a slate is a luxury, but for and attaching with the hardware provided. mat capability, manual exposure with many pros it’s a necessary tool for teach- WHY IT’S HOT: Because it puts a reliable full control and TTL function in man- ing, research or communication. XIT and durable writing tool in your hand and ual mode. Underwater shooters can put 404’s popular Aqua Pencil has become a means the end of hunting for a golf pencil

each of these capabilities to use thanks to favorite of many such divers. Now, the before every dive. xit404.com CLOCK LEFT, TOP FROM

22 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE PADI LAUNCHES

PADI Programs and Products Continue Launching All Year Long Halfway through the year, the PADI organization contin- divers to the advantages of a di"erent equipment con!guration. Advantages of ues to deliver new tools, programs and products to help sidemount con!gurations for recreational you succeed. divers include being able to carry cylinders BY ADRIANNE MILLER, MARKETING CONSULTANT, PAD I AMERICAS separately on land, ease of donning equipment in the water, having more gas to take advantage of your no stop dive time and the option to carry two smaller cylinders instead of one large one.

Tec Sidemount Diver // LAUNCH 3Q // #e PADI Tec Sidemount Diver course will expand the PADI Sidemount Diver’s knowledge, skill and experience to familiarize them with the use of sidemount equipment for tec diving. PADI TecRec programs already allow sidemount equipment and many tec Dive Anywhere divers !nd carrying and accessing multiple events give cylinders easier in this con!guration. divers the chance to Technical CCR Courses participate in // 4Q LAUNCH // local events. For those interested in diving deeper into rebreathers, PADI Tec CCR courses address Dive Anywhere Peak Performance Buoyancy the more involved skills required for Type // LAUNCHED 1Q // Specialty Course Revisions T (technical) CCRs. #e Tec 40 CCR and PADI Dive Centers and Resorts have been // LAUNCHED 2Q // Tec 60 CCR courses will be available in posting events that are popping up all The Peak Performance Buoyancy fourth quarter of 2011, while Tec 100 CCR across the globe as part of the Dive Any- Specialty course was recently revised to will be available in early 2012. where campaign. Members gain more include a new diver manual and updated exposure for their event by posting the instructor guide to accompany the video. PADI Green Star Award upcoming event at the PADI Pros’ Site #ere are no standards changes to the // LAUNCH 4Q // under Toolbox/Marketing/Marketing course, but the course content now includes Get recognized for your conservation Campaigns. Events will appear on the an introduction to rebreathers and their e"orts and attract new divers with the interactive map at padi.com/dive-events, specialized buoyancy considerations. PADI Green Star Award. Conservation and consumers can search by location is important and the Green Star Award to !nd and attend diving events close to Recreational Rebreather can di"erentiate PADI Members from home or where they plan to travel. Courses their competitors. Stay tuned for more // 3Q LAUNCH // PADI TecRec is launching information. PADI On Tour rebreather courses for recreational divers // LAUNCHED 1Q // who want to take advantage of the bene!ts Project AWARE Relaunches PADI Sta" are continuing their world tour of . #e PADI Rebreather // LAUNCHED 2Q // supporting PADI Members through Goals Diver and Advanced Rebreather Diver With its relaunch on World Oceans Day, for Growth, Member Forums and Instruc- courses will train divers in the use of Type R 8 June 2011, Project AWARE Foundation tor Examinations, as well as industry and (recreational) eCCR and eSCR rebreathers. — the PADI organization’s long-time non- consumer shows. #e PADI Business Acad- pro!t partner — is $icking the switch on emy is about to hit the road and webcasts PADI I Sidemount Diver a modern environmental movement for have been added to the PADI Pros’ Site in // LAUNCH 3Q // #e PADI Sidemount ocean protection. Visit the Living Seas sec- English, Spanish, French and Portuguese. Diver course will introduce recreational tion on page 46 for more information.

24 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE IRRA WELCOME

to the Valparaiso community. “I spent a Welcome New PADI total of 20 years as a salesperson, work- ing for various large banks and traveling most of the time. And while I value the Retailers and Resorts friendships I made during those years, I Congratulations to the 124 new PADI Dive Centers and am delighted that I now have the oppor- tunity to connect with my community Resorts joining the PADI family during the "rst quarter – the people here at home.” of 2011. Please visit the PADI Pros’ Site for a complete Corkill reinforces those community ties by reaching out to the various organiza- list of new members. tions with dive training programs. In fact, BY JO WALTERS, MARKETING CONSULTANT, PADI AMERICAS he’s tied in to the career development pro- grams at two local steel mills, works with local Boy Scout and Girl Scout troops Enter ’s Lair ernize the store. “We felt this was the and conducts diver training programs at How one man’s date with destiny best way to distinguish ourselves from four nearby high schools. took him full circle to become a the competition.” !e retail space now Never one to miss out on a great demo- PADI owner. sports two large #at-screen televisions, so graphic, Corkill teaches courses at the the "rst thing people see when they walk upscale Sand Creek Country Club and Located in the city of Valparaiso, Indiana, in the door is video of people diving. has forged a relationship with the exist- USA, Diver’s Lair was originally called Corkill also repainted the store in ing Valparaiso Dive Club. He promotes !e Scuba Tank. New owner Les Cork- bright colors and commis- the club at Diver’s Lair and attends its ill knew it well in those days, because sioned Bridget Muntzing, a successful meetings and events. !is gives him the he earned his PADI Open Water Scuba local teenage artist, to paint a large mural opportunity to present new products and Instructor rating in that very same spot in in the training room. services to the club members. 1995. After the business went through a Corkill places great value on his ties In the dive center, the second television series of partnerships, the owners wanted is dedicated to product demonstrations. to retire and Corkill was ready to jump “I like to have plenty of product for peo- in. “!e timing was right; the previous ple to touch, feel and try on. For example, owners were ready to retire and I was I usually carry two or three brands of open to a major career change. I wanted BCDs and stock a wide selection of sizes. to pursue my passion. !e passing away !e video comes in handy if someone of friends and family members reminded falls far outside the normal size range – me that time was slipping by and that although they can’t try it on, they can see ‘later’ might be too late.” how it will "t on video.” !e "rst thing Corkill did was mod- But by far, his favorite innovation is the introduction of EVE 5 Software. “Yes, there has been a steep learning curve,” says Corkill. “But it’s the intri- cacy of the program that makes it so powerful. Besides, I’ve been attending the EVE User’s Group web and telecon- ferences and I recently completed the EVE Business of Diving Webcast, all of which make the program easier to use and understand.” All in all, Corkill seems quite satis- "ed with his life as a PADI Diver Center owner. “I like being around people who dive or aspire to dive. Experiencing the underwater world completes their vision AIR of a full life. It’s my job to help them L

safely achieve their goals and have fun IVER’S trying. !ere is nothing more satisfying!” D It seems that being a dive center owner OURTESY OURTESY completes his vision of a full life, too. C

26 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE PHOTO CORNER Patience and Preparation

Pay Off BY BOB WOHLERS

PHOTOGRAPHER: Phil Mercurio, PADI - 162364 WHERE: Rapid Bay Jetty, Rapid Bay, South Australia, Australia CAMERA SYSTEM: Canon IXUS 980-IS with wet macro lens and Inon D-2000 strobe. SUBJECT: Purple Nudibranch, Flabellina sp.

Knowing a bit about the subject also helped Mercurio decide how to image the subject. For example, Mer- curio knows where the nudibranch’s head is – preventing him from sim- ply imaging the “wrong end” of the creature. Further, while eye contact in "sh photos is generally important, !is month’s image by PADI Divemas- that is not the case with nudibranchs. ter Phil Mercurio is an exercise in both Mercurio realized that other key nudi- patience and preparation. He spends branch body features are important for purposeful time “hunting” for interest- this subject and focused on: ing subjects and prepares by focusing on subject knowledge. Mercurio explains 1 Gills – Used to collect . !is preparation this way: nudibranch’s gills are the orange protru- “While I have always enjoyed hunting sions on its back. for subjects, it is really helpful to stack the 2 Rhinophores – Used to sense deck in your favor through subject-focused chemical molecules emitted by pred- continuing education. !ere are numerous ator and prey alike. !ese are the two local and general "eld guides whose infor- purple protrusions coming from the mation can help you "nd speci"c subjects. nudibranch’s head area. Information like habit type and prey selec- 3 Mouth – Used for feeding. !is tion can lead you in the right direction. I nudibranch’s mouth is pointing closest regularly use A Field Guide to the Marine to the camera on the head, just below the Invertebrates of South Australia by Karen rhinophores. Gowlett-Holmes (2008) to look for speci"c 4 Foot – !at portion of its body on creatures I am interested in, such as the pur- which the nudibranch attaches to and ple nudibranch.” crawls along the bottom. Mercurio also knows that informa- tion about prospective subjects will help I also like Mercurio’s photo for a couple you "nd them and decide how to image of other reasons. First, by using a strobe them. and small aperture, Mercurio was able Specifically, Mercurio studies his to throw the background out of focus, prospective subject’s habitat type, food emphasizing all of the aforementioned selection, body type and general biology. nudibranch body parts. Second, Mercurio For example, from his reading he knows captured the image of this nudibranch just that this nudibranch is benthic – meaning as it was raising its head up o# the bottom. it lives on the bottom, crawling around !e composition adds depth and interest on substrate. while showing o# the creature’s foot.

» Want to see your photo published in the next issue of The Undersea Journal? Have a pressing question that you want to ask a photo pro? Contact Adrianne Miller at [email protected] with your images, photo tips or questions.

28 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE TEAM PADI Family Additions From new PADI Instructors to in space and PADI Dive Centers and Resorts winning awards, there’s so much going on around the world with the PADI family. Find more photos and stories in the Ref- erences – Reading Room at the PADI Pros’ Site.

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1 l Chile’s President Goes Diving 4 l PADI Instructors in Bonaire President Piñera from Chile went div- PADI Five Star Instructor Development ing in Punta de Choros with PADI Dive Center Dive Friends Bonaire and Buddy Resort Memo Ruz, Punta de Choros, Beach and Dive Resort hosted an instruc- Chile. Pictured here [L-R]: Memo Ruz, tor development course in Bonaire with President Piñera and Pablo Rossel. PADI Examiner Gary Newman. Con- gratulations to the new instructors [not in 2 l Costa Rica Fire Department order], Ewald van Hoeijen, Philip Twil- PADI Course Director Francesco Nistri haar, Yori Carnas, Volker Ozean, Lenaart and owner of Diving Mania in San Jose, Kluiters, Marian Reinova, Derk Bevers, Costa Rica, provided the entire Costa Rica Susan Porter, Sara Brandsen, Mariska de Rescue Team with free training. Shown Waard, Carl Perpich and Maarten Bot. here: !e Fire Department Chiefs of Costa Special thanks to PADI Course Direc- Rica presenting PADI Latin America tors !omas Kurz and Pepe Mastropaolo Regional Manager Robert Sievens [cen- and PADI Sta# Instructor Christina ter] with a plaque of gratitude. Wootton.

3 l Dive Egypt 5 l Family of PADI Instructors PADI Europe presents the award for In January 2011, PADI Asia Paci"c Direc- the South Egypt dive center processing tor, Training and Quality Management, the most certi"cations in 2010 to PADI Mike Holme, ran a PADI Instructor Five Star Instructor Development Resort Examination with two twins and their Euro-Divers Club Med El Gouna, Red mother, along with several other success- Sea, Egypt. Shown here: [L-R] Regional ful candidates. !e competition between Manager of Euro Divers El Gouna Mar- the three divers could have been intense, celo Guimaraes, Dive Center Manager but they all excelled and passed their Stephanie Oliver and PADI Regional instructor exam with $ying colors. Pic- Manager Egypt Reto Moser. tured [L-R]: Harrison, Karen and Taylor

30 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE TEAM PADI

5

6

7

Koens from Subsurface Fiji on Beach- comber Island.

6 l Diver Retention Award PADI Americas Vice President of Oper- ations Dana Stewart and PADI Canada Regional Manager Randy Giles presented the Diver Retention Award to Patrice Per- ron and Stéphanie Labbé of PADI Five Star Dive Center Plongée Sous-Marine Nautilus in Québec City, Canada. Pictured [L-R]: Stewart, Perron, Labbé and Giles.

7 l From Boy Scout to Instructor PADI Instructor Matt Martin [second from left] became interested in scuba after a Discover experience with his then Boy Scout Troop and PADI Course Director John Langlois of En!eld Scuba in En!eld, Connecticut, USA. Mar- tin worked his way up the ranks and is now teaching at his college in Connecticut, USA. Pictured is one of Martin’s !rst divemaster classes [L-R]: Jon Coscarelli, Martin, PADI Americas Regional Manager Stush Doviat, Tyler Vallario and Jon Lee.

8 l New Instructors from PRO Dive Mexico At Ponderosa, Riviera Maya,

31 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE TEAM PADI

Drabusenigg, Ursula Wastian, Reinhart van Meteren, Teit Jensen, Rebecca Johan- sson, Joslyn Davis, Emma Astroem, Tilke Rump#, Emily Rixon and Alexander McKenzie.

10 l Award for Diver Dan’s Scuba Center 8 10 During the Our World Underwater Show in Rosemont, Illinois, USA, PADI Amer- 9 l PADI Instructor Exam in Bali icas Sales Consultant Bret Lorea [center] Beautiful Bali in Indonesia was the presented Brian Vacarro [left] and Dan location of the PADI Instructor Exam Vacarro [right] with an award for their (IE) held in March 2011 with a total Goals for Growth achievement for 2010 of 26 candidates. Conducting the IE at PADI Dive Center Diver Dan’s Scuba were PADI Instructor Examiners Mike & Aquatic Center, which is located in 9 Holme and !omas Knedlik from PADI Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA. Asia Paci"c. !e PADI Course Directors Mexico, are Course Director Anders were Knut Ho#, Minni Vansgaard, Ayala 11 l PADI Instructor Exam in Heegaard and PADI Instructor Cohen, Jonathan Cross and Gary Bren- Thailand Examiner Gary Cruea with the suc- nand. !e candidates pictured here (in no In March 2011, 34 candidates attended cessful instructor candidates from Pro order) are: Johan Sualang, Yves Hofmann, a PADI Instructor Exam on the island Dive Mexico. Congratulations to Anto- Tanguy Philippart de Foy, !omas Ward, of Koh Tao in !ailand. PADI Course nio Bernal, Simon Page, Jo Jo Willink, I Wayan Mulliartha, Janri Arter Wanget, Directors Mathew Bolton, Robert Mur- Sean Turnbull, Clare Johnson, Charlie Tony Jumadil, David Shread, Johanna phy, Peter Nieuwhof, Mark Soworka, Kessler, Ben Eisele, Ivan Samra, Manuel Vorreiter, Bob Sim, Val Tan, Satouka Tim Hunt and Patrick Tassin expertly Medina, Leo Morante and Geraldine Basso, Kah Heng Neo, Chris Bowmer, prepared the group. PADI Instructor Solignac. Andrew Miranda, Kevin Godden, Moritz Examiners Rob Scammell, Tim Marshall

32 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE TEAM PADI

13 sta" members representing 34 stores vis- ited PADI Americas to attend the Sport Chalet Scuba Training University. #is one-day, innovative program helps the sta" of Sport Chalet learn about various aspects of diving and helps prepare them 11 for the upcoming dive season.

13 l Fifteen Years and Growing Strong PADI Trainer Bill Richard Todd, Christina MacDonald, Matthies is presented with the PADI Helen Timbleby, Cameron Brown, Sonia Resort and Retailer Association Fifteen Pinilla, Jaqueline Suvacardov, Vincent Year Award for PADI Five Star Dive Guittard, Virginia Levrini, Ross Bowman, Center Minnesota School of Diving, in Kipp Hennen, Olivia Edmonds, Richard Brainerd, Minnesota, USA. Matthies also 12 Petitpas, Johan Jankewitz, Laszlo Janke- recently received an award for his con- witz, Bijloos Pierre, Caroline Mercier, tribution to diving in the Great Lakes and John Kinsella conducted the event. Andreas Schneider, Jinathon Sharland region from the Great Lakes Shipwreck Proudly displaying their PADI Open and Jeremy Savidge. Preservation Society. Pictured [L-R]: Water Instructor certi!cates are [not Bill’s son and co-owner of Minnesota in order]: Tatjana Vujkovic, Alexander 12 l Sport Chalet at PADI Americas School of Diving Todd Matthies and Zollinger, Carmen Isaak, Martial Moulin, More than one hundred Sport Chalet Bill Matthies. Juan Jo Diaz Fernandez, Erneste Guijarro Adame, Medwin Culmer, Kate Howard, » What’s going on in your area? Send your photos and share your stories about the creative pro- Cameron Bobberman, Nariman Orousi, grams you’re running, events you’re participating in and awards you’re winning. Your photo may Alexander Luijk, Susanne Hunold, Jeremy be included in a future issue of The Undersea Journal or posted at the PADI Pros’ Site. Please send Young, Alan Ireland, Nicolas Cessaroni, high-resolution photos only to [email protected].

33 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE IN MEMORIAM Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen 15 May 1917 – 11 February 2011 One of the most in#uential divers of the 20th century, Dr. Christian Lambertsen, passed away at the age of 93. Known for being the !rst to introduce the acronym SCUBA in 1952, Lambertsen’s tech- nical and physiological contributions, particularly to American military divers, were milestones in human reentry to the Stan Holford sea. His development and introduction, 10 May 1934 – 20 March 2011 against an indi$erent US Navy, of the It is with deep sadness that the PADI Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit family announces the passing of Stan (LARU) oxygen rebreather during World David Merbach Holford. Holford was born in the Old War II helped establish the !rst American 3 October 1964 - 27 March 2011 Fold area of Gateshead, England, in underwater combat teams for the O%ce "e PADI family expresses condolences to 1934. His !rst job was selling fruit and of Strategic Service (OSS) and all combat the family and friends of PADI Divemas- vegetables from a barrow, but Holford diving that followed. Coupling his tech- ter David Merbach. Merbach’s passion for had a yearning for more adventure. Hol- nical ability with his medical training, he scuba began in 2001 while living in Cal- ford became fascinated with diving from was Professor of Environmental Medicine ifornia, USA. Two years later he came to an early age after reading stories about at University of Pennsylvania in Pennsyl- MDC Sports in Rochester, Minnesota, the frogmen – men who trained to dive vania, USA. (Courtesy of Leslie Leaney, USA, for training, and his enthusiasm in a military capacity. In 1950, Holford Publisher, !e Journal of Diving History) grew even more. As a divemaster, Mer- started one of the !rst PADI centres in bach loved to share the joy of scuba with the United Kingdom, "e Diving Cen- others, especially kids. Even near the end tre Ltd. in Newcastle Upon Tyne. His of his life, he was hard at work with the desire for adventure turned into a pas- Rochester Scuba Club, creating opportu- sion for giving thousands of people their nities for young divers. Merbach’s gentle !rst chance to breathe underwater. Hol- spirit, laughter and strength of character ford’s sons, PADI Course Directors Karl will be missed. He is survived by his wife Holford and Michael Holford and PADI Sarah Merbach, daughter Monica Mer- Master Instructor Jake Holford, also fol- bach and son John Merbach. (Courtesy of lowed in his adventurous footsteps. Stan PADI Five Star Dive Center MDC Sports, Holford will be sorely missed by all. Rochester, Minnesota) Agnes Milowka Witold Smilowski 23 December 1981 – 28 February 2011 13 November 1956 - 28 March 2011 It is with a heavy heart that the PADI fam- "e PADI family will sincerely miss PADI ily mourns the passing of Agnes Milowka at Course Director and translator Witold the age of 29. A PADI Divemaster since Smilowski. Already a successful dive 2004, Milowka travelled extensively as instructor and businessman, Witold a technical diver, explorer and photog- became a PADI Member in July 1994 rapher and nurtured great friendships in South Africa. He became a hugely on expeditions and !lm projects around active PADI Course Director in 1996, the world. Pursuing a graduate degree and planned to become a PADI Plat- in marine archaeology at Flinders Uni- inum Course Director. Witold issued versity in Adelaide, South Australia, more than 5000 instructor level certi!- Australia, she cut her teeth on wrecks, cations in his career as a PADI Course but it was during a year abroad, intern- Director. He was an extraordinarily ing at Dive Rite in Lake City, Florida, successful trainer, educating and in#u- USA, where she developed a deep love encing new instructors from all over the for and exploration. In recog- world. He also worked directly with the PADI nition of her legacy, "e Agnes Milowka organization in dive market development, Memorial Environmental Science Award government relations, translations, assisting has been established by Mummu Media. "e the instructor examination process, reviews award will support underprivileged schools in and beta testing of new PADI programs. the area of science, marine studies or explo- Witold was an exemplary PADI ambassador ration. Please visit agnesmilowka.com/index and a dear friend. Our deepest condolences .php/awards.html. go out to all his family and friends.

34 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P AD S G I L cuba I et FE

P AD R I SO eady to Visit E CI AL NETWORKAL arth 36 E H T A E S R E D N U L A N R U O J R E T R A U Q D R I H T 2011 ! world on questions such as: with information in one credible location. But, what exactly do they need and where But, divers frequently get online when when online get frequently divers But, Later this year, however, PADI will launch the internetthe informationfor this much– they have a pressing dive-related question. computer. the of front in notwater, the to visit ScubaEarth. ScubaEarth, a new diver community froma centralized information exchange. get real time dive related information from should they go? countries has shown what divers expect expect divers what shown has countries ofwhich isn’t or meaningful customized. one another and PADI experts around the Your divers want to spend their time in PADI-sponsored research in several several in research PADI-sponsored Stay tuned for more details and get ready Currently, divers frequently have to scour ey want a one-stop shop where they can t t t t Where should I plan my next dive next my plan I should Where When is the best time to go? What should I pack? What will I see? trip based on my preferences? " lled

KATY DANCA GALLI P ADI L I FE THE 2011 ROLEX SCHOLARSHIPS

Our World-Underwater Scholarship Society Awards Each year, the Our World-Underwater Scholarship Society (OWUSS) awards three Rolex Scholarships to young people considering a career in an underwater- related discipline. Each scholarship recipient spends a year working alongside leaders in underwater !elds. As a sponsor of the Scholarship Society, the PADI organization congratulates the 2011 recipients:

Australasian Scholar – Anthea Ibell Anthea Ibell was born and raised in Christchurch, New Zealand, and was exposed to the ocean from an early age during family trips to a holiday house in Marlborough Sound. A PADI Diver since 2007 and a PADI Instructor since 2008, it was Ibell’s four months of travel around North and South Amer- ica that opened her eyes to di"erent cultures, world-views and natural biodiversity. Upon arriving home, she quickly returned to school and earned her Bachelor of Science in Zoology, with a Minor in Archaeology, at Otago Univer- sity in New Zealand. She continues to work as a dive instructor and is pursuing her interest in photography. Ibell’s passion is fueled by the fear that the ocean’s natural wonders might not always be here. Her aim is to educate people about the ocean’s vulnerability through programs such as Conservation Awareness week, Project AWARE cleanups and taking everyday actions such as recycling, reusing and conservation.

European Scholar – Erin McFadden It is a true privilege to be representing both the Our World Underwater Scholarship Society and Rolex and one for which I will be eternally grateful. Erin McFadden was born and raised in the Scottish coastal town of Dunbar and has always found the sea a source of fascination and con- tentment. Currently in her !nal year at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, McFad- den is pursing her undergraduate degree in . Becoming a PADI at the age of 17, McFadden set o" on a marine con- servation expedition to the Bahamas less than a year later. It was this !ve-month trip that she credits with inspiring her and unearthing her true passion for diving and the underwater world – along with the opportunity to earn her PADI Divemaster certi!cation.

37 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE THE 2011 ROLEX SCHOLARSHIPS

McFadden’s studies and dive experiences, including divemaster work in Cyprus and Zanzibar along with internships in South Africa and Mozambique, have devel- oped her appreciation of the need for globally e!ective and sustainable conservation and resource management measures. She believes educating the dive community, and ultimately the wider world, will be fundamental to the implementation of e!ective conservation measures.

North American Scholar – Christian Clark What if I could energize the public and poli- ticians enough to actually make a change on a global scale? Born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Christian Clark, spent his early years living in Brazil and Canada before "nally moving back to the United States. #e one constant in Clark’s life, however, has always been water. In August 2010, Clark graduated with a Bach- elor of Science in Global Environmental Science from the University of Hawaii (UH). Clark’s years at UH were packed with volunteer work, research cruises and scienti"c diving. Working as a research assistant in the Holland Pelagic Fish Lab, he co-authored two journal articles based on his part in work quanti- fying the movement of sharks and other apex predators around the Hawaiian Islands. He also participated in three research expeditions to Antarctica studying the e!ect of climate change on benthic ecology, which formed the basis of his senior thesis. A diver for 10 years with more than 320 logged dives, Clark hopes to explore careers that maximize his diving, research and media communication skills.

To read more about the 2011 recipients or to find out more about the OWUSS, visit www. owuscholarship.org.

Let’s Get Digital!

Why have more than 15,000 PADI Retailers, Resorts and Instructors gone digital? t/PNPSFQBQFSDVUT t&MJNJOBUFTQBQFSBSDIJWFTUBLJOHPWFS the o$ce t"DDFTTQPJOUTPGJOUFSFTUJOTUBOUMZXJUI live links t"OPUIFSSFBTPOUPHFUBO"QQMFJ1BE™ Plus, enjoy instant delivery of each issue, download your favorite issues and use e$cient search functions to easily locate speci"c topics within each issue. To get your digital subscription, visit the My Account section at the PADI Pros’ Site.

38 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE HISTORICAL DIVING SOCIETY T he World’s First Rebreather Dive? M. de Saint Simon Sicard, Paris, France, 1853

BY LESLIE LEANEY

surface. It was self-contained and a fore- runner of what later became known as a Self Contained Underwater Apparatus – SCUBA. In describing the apparatus, the reporter notes, “the novelty and impor- tance of the invention consists in the fact that the diver carries…the means to sup- ply himself with fresh air.” Further, “Two !exible tubes…come out of the back part of the casque (helmet), and are "tted to a metal box, which the diver carries on his back…the box containing arti"cial air, which passing through one of the tubes, reaches the mouth of the diver. #e quan- tity of air supplied is regulated at his will, simply by turning a copper screw placed Rebreathers are an established part of the above his right shoulder, which opens or dive equipment market and were in use closes one of the valves in the box. #e at the dawn of recreational scuba diving. other tube serves to pass o$ the carbonic Austrian used them regularly gas, and to absorb it in a reservoir con- for underwater "lming before Jacques- tained in the box.”1 Yves Cousteau and Émile Gagnan created Viola! A rebreather by its modern the Aqua in 1943. Rebreathers had name. been successfully used by various mili- Frenchman M. de Saint Simon Sicard, tary combat units during World War II, constructed the equipment. He had been and are now a common item in the dive working on its design and development lockers of military and law enforcement for some time and had received a pat- units around the world.. #ey are also the ent for it in 1849. Fortunately, not only equipment of choice for our present-day was the dive recorded but it was also wit- technical divers. nessed by a committee appointed by the So how long have they been around? Minister of Marine, which was presided To help me answer that question I con- over by Vice Admiral Baudin. #e same sulted with my research friend Daniel experiment was repeated shortly after in David, and together, we ended up back front of around 500 people. in Europe in the 1600s. Around 1620, #e really good fortune for dive history Dutchman Cornelius von Drebble went is that an illustrator was also on hand and under the River #ames in London, in a delivered a fairly detailed image of how submerged vessel that used “a mysterious the equipment appeared in operation with chemical which revived the air (trapped) the diver, and also showed Sicard’s under- inside.” #is is a period record of a pos- water lamp. As can be seen, the diver is sible rebreather, but not much more is wearing self-contained equipment, with known about it. a safety rope to the surface tenders as his Leap forward about 230 years to Paris, only connection to the surface. France, and we "nd published records of Was this the first rebreather dive? a M. de Grandchamp diving in the River Possibly. It might be the "rst public Seine near the bridge of Grenelle, to a demonstration of what we know as a depth of 5 metres/15 feet for an hour and rebreather. Our research continues. a half. #e report states that his equip- 1 COURTESY LESLIE LEANEY ARCHIVES LEANEY LESLIE COURTESY ment had no air pipes attached to the L’Illutration, Journal Universel

39 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE PADI COURSE DIRECTORS Congratulations New PADI Course Directors More than 40 candidates became PADI Course Direc- tors following the 14th PADI Course Director Training Course held in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia at Shangri-La Tan- jung Aru Resort and Spa and supported by PADI Five Star Instructor Development Center Borneo Divers. ORGAN M JAMES JAMES

40 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE PADI COURSE DIRECTORS

NEW PADI COURSE DIRECTORS

David Arnold Si Kwang Kim Andreas Auer Andreas Kunig Mohamed Marlies Lang Bagherian Kazuaki Matsuishi Gwang-Hyeok Bae Darren Mcnamara José David Robert W. Balcazar Melgar Meadows Liu Bing Adelchi Mozzini Denise Cable Pedro Navarro Chi-En Chen Madrid Marc De Paepe Leslie Newman Fabio Figurella Stefano Paganelli Marco Gervasi Kum-Ok Park Nobuyuki Susanna Phipps Higashiura Gregory Poirier Kanako Ishiya Richard Reardon Soner Karatepe Christopher Reed Yosuke Gyu Jin Song Kashiwazaki Dominick Sturz Junya Kato Richard Swann Katsushi Kawai Kengo Takada Piotr Kedzia- James Weber Stepkowski Andrew Wellsted Yong Jin Kim Hiromu Yabe

41 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE HEALING POWER OF SCUBA Proof Positive Groundbreaking New Study Could Con!rm Scuba’s Healing Effects

BY BROOKE MORTON

Cody Unser (at right) knows !rsthand the healing effects of scuba on a paralyzed diver. In May, researchers met on Grand Cayman to study those bene!ts.

!ey’re known as “zingers” — sensations that return to paralyzed body parts. For Cody Unser, they appear in her bladder, and only when she is scuba div- ing. !e daughter of American race-car driver Al Unser Jr. fell ill with the spinal disease transverse myelitis during a bas- ketball practice in 1999. !e next day she couldn’t walk. with the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Bal- Two years later, at her family’s urging, timore, Maryland, USA, and Kennedy Unser traveled to , Mexico, to Krieger Institute, she will have the chance become a PADI certi"ed diver. Lost sen- to explore the reaches of scuba as a reha- sation reappeared, and she found that the bilitative tool. With help and support sport buoyed her spirit in a way nothing from Red Sail Sports and Sunset House, else had. “Scuba motivated me to keep a team of four scientists, including Adam living,” she says. Kaplin, chief psychiatric consultant at Since that trip, she has become dedi- the hospital’s Transverse Myelitis Center cated to sharing the physical and mental and Multiple Sclerosis Centers, and Dan- bene"ts of scuba. !rough her organiza- iel Becker, Head of Pediatric Restoration tion Operation Deep Down, an o#shoot !erapy at the International Center for of her First Step Foundation (www.cufsf. Spinal Cord Injury (ICSCI) at Kennedy org), more than 100 military veterans Krieger Institute, will join Unser, her have earned their dive certi"cations. family and a team of 10 veterans and !is May, thanks to a collaboration a control group of their 10 able-bodied

42 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 “SCUBA IS ITS OWN MEDICINE,” SHE SAYS OF A BELIEF SHE HAS LONG-HELD, AND IS EXCITED TO SOON PROVE TO THE SCIEN- TIFIC COMMUNITY.

buddies on Grand Cayman to quanti- tatively measure the e!ects of diving on mind and body. Until now, only anecdotal evidence has suggested that diving produces zingers, increased bodily strength and mobility, elevated moods and other gains. Kaplin and his team will be the "rst to pub- lish an English language article that answers the question: Is scuba bene"- cial to paraplegics and others with loss of functionality? Of the many tests the team will con- duct, the dynamometer test will record how much force each subject can generate in particular muscle groups. Kaplin will carry out a series of semi-structured clin- ical interviews to gauge emotions before and after diving. Pulmonary activity will be tested to determine if patients gain lung capability — compromised from years in a chair. Standard exercises help the , but not to the extent that Kaplin believes scuba can heal: Breathing compressed air at depth increases tissue oxygenation. Kaplin also expects the psychological impact to be great. “Helping people mas- ter something is amazing,” he says. “In this case, scuba is the closest thing to #y- ing with no apparatus.” Unser has witnessed this joy. “Scuba is its own medicine and sets us free,” she says of a belief she has long-held, and is excited to soon prove to the scienti"c

COURTESY THE CODY UNSER FIRST STEP FOUNDATION STEP FIRST UNSER CODY THE COURTESY community.

43 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 P ADI L I FE EXCEEDING EXPECTATIONS

for the other students. He spoke patiently with the student having di"culty and still maintained a command presence and pro- fessionalism. !is eventually had a calming PADI Professionals e$ect on the student struggling to mas- ter the skills of a beginner, and ultimately the student was successful in performing Inspire the skills required. It is truly a pleasure to skills as an instructor I would have given see such an accomplished instructor take Read more at the PADI Pros’ Site up. I am now booked to do a course over the time to instruct all his students with the summer holidays. Instructors like patience, professionalism and passion for Inspired to Dive – I had traveled to Jeremy are great ambassadors for PADI the dive sports. Byington is an asset to the Great Barrier with the intention and I would like to thank him for taking PADI and Dolphin SCUBA Center. My of as I usually do. However, the extra care it took for me to enjoy the wife and I are planning on taking the open listening to PADI Open Water Scuba magic of diving. — PADI Open Water water dive class in May and look forward Instructor Jeremy Roberts speak to the Scuba Instructor Jeremy Roberts, Surrey to the course and Ben’s instruction. — potential introductory divers I was inspired Hills, Victoria, Australia PADI IDC Sta! Instructor Ben Byington, to give it a go. Unfortunately, I had trouble West Sacramento, California, USA equalising and had to return to the surface. All in the Family – Our two sons !e crew, and especially Jeremy, were so just completed their open water dives One in a Million – Whether Mauritza is disappointed for me that they arranged in Monterey, California, USA. Their instructing, guiding a group or private to coach me again one on one and instructor, Ben Byington, was outstand- guiding, she has the ability to instill a convinced me to try again with Jeremy ing. During the pool session, his class relaxed and happy atmosphere, while at as my instructor. !is time, with his great was small with four students. One of the the same time injecting massive enthusi- patience and calming manner, I managed students was having di"culty with the asm and an infectious, unadulterated joy of to carry out all of the skills required for my equipment and skills. Ben spent appro- diving. Students and quali%ed divers alike Discover Scuba Diving session and I had priate time with this student without all instinctively put their full trust in her. an amazing experience. Without Roberts’ compromising the quality of instruction She makes every dive special for everyone

44 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 whether they have been diving for 30 years or 30 minutes. I cannot praise Mauritza highly enough – she is one in a million. — PADI Master Scuba Diver Trainer Mau- ritza de Klerk, Cape Town, South Africa

Memories that Will Last – I received excellent service at the Sailing Club in Nha Trang, Vietnam. I would especially like to praise our instructor, Kris Williams. He was absolutely superb, extremely personable, helpful, and made the whole experience even more enjoyable. His knowledge and expertise of the area meant he was able to show us things underwater, like a cleaner wrasse – a de!nite highlight of our dives! He was very understanding when I had an attack of nerves, and he managed to quickly calm me down, making me feel more con!dent. Finally, his help and skill with the underwater that we rented left us with some superb photo memories. We will be recommending him and the whole Sailing Club company to anyone we know going out to Nha Trang. — PADI Five Star Dive Center Sailing Club Divers, Vietnam, and PADI Master Scuba Diver Trainer Kristofer Williams, Llanbryn- mair, Wales, United Kingdom

Going Below and Beyond – I recently completed Tec 40 and was a little nervous as to how I would cope with the additional kit and planning requirements. My worries were quickly put at ease by my instruc- tor Gary Lawson. He ensured that I was comfortable with what I was doing and knew what the steps for each dive were. As a result of this, I completed three very enjoyable technical dives. I am now plan- ning on signing up for my Tec 45 next year. — PADI Master Instructor Gary Lawson, Scotland, United Kingdom

Well-Rounded Instructor – My instructor was absolutely amazing! Wil- liam Mainord was informative, thorough and considerate. He was knowledgeable and taught me everything from safety to respecting the reefs, as well as exploring a whole new world underwater. I cannot wait to start my advanced open water course. I will de!nitely tell all my friends what an outstanding instructor William is and how they should de!nitely look for him when they consider doing a dive course. — PADI Master Scuba Diver Trainer William H. Mainord, Key Largo, Florida, USA

45 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 LIVING SEAS: PROJECT AWARE

PROTECTING OUR OCEAN PLANET ONE DIVE AT A TIME OUR NEXT 20 YEARS BEGINS NOW

46 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 A hammerhead shark off the coast of Belize.

ll systems are go for the new movement for ocean protection have also tackle two ocean issues on a whole new Project AWARE Foundation, launched. And the display of renewed level – sharks in peril and marine debris. Arelaunched on 8 June 2011 passion for ocean protection echoed As the Foundation presses onward to- (World Ocean Day). It’s been just a few around the world, in real time, on the ward its new mission, this is the perfect short weeks since the debut, and so far, new projectaware.org, is inspiring. opportunity to answer some burning the Foundation has rolled out the new "is ongoing series in !e Undersea questions, satisfy curiosity and explain logo and the new mission and vision for Journal has explored our shared history in greater detail how the Foundation is the ocean’s future. New and refreshed and what led us to this change. It has all new. We’ll also explore a few of the programs as well as a new online plat- also explored our growing movement for reasons why now is truly the best time in

CARLOS VILLOCH/ALAMY CARLOS form and website to support the o!cial ocean protection, as well as programs to the 21-year history to be AWARE.

BY JENNY MILLER GARMENDIA, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, PROJECT AWARE FOUNDATION

47 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 LIVING SEAS: PROJECT AWARE

Project AWARE has narrowed its focus: The Foundation will take a leadership role in policy decisions that protect sharks and tackle marine debris.

NOW IT’S TIME TO ADOPT A WHOLE NEW APPROACH

Q: Why the overhaul of the long-time environment and our collective voice the Project AWARE philosophy in 1989. organization and the new mission? can be brought to decision-makers to And there’s never been a better, more ap- Ever since Project AWARE !rst hit the encourage change. In order to do so, we propriate time to distinguish ourselves streets in 1989, it has evolved with the must connect everything we do locally as a unique organization of divers with a ever-growing need for conservation. to achieve our goals on a larger regional pinpointed focus on the ocean’s future. Now it’s time to adopt a whole new ap- and international level. To be e"ective, When faced with the opportunity to proach and harness the ongoing work of we must also hone our focus to those refresh the Foundation’s look and mark dive leaders around the world to achieve ocean issues where divers are uniquely this major relaunch, the creative possi- measurable change for our ocean. Over positioned to contribute the underwater bilities seemed limitless. In the end, the the past 21 years, much of our work perspective – therefore strengthening evolved logo retains, celebrates and ex- together has focused on education and and complementing the work that oth- presses divers’ unique connection with awareness and achieved signi!cant suc- ers are doing on land and completing a the ocean, its creatures and the passion cess on a grassroots level. But with the 360-degree view of marine issues. to protect it. It will be recognized by our growing strength and passion of the dive global volunteers, supporters and part- community, much more can be done. Q: Why the new logo, look and feel? ners for years to come. Over the years, policy leaders have in- Project AWARE has changed from top creasingly taken an interest in and lis- to bottom, and this means it is a perfect Q: Project AWARE has narrowed its fo- tened to what divers have to say. We are a time to re#ect these changes, encom- cus for ocean protection. Why the two is- much more invested and powerful voice pass the new vision for the future and sues – species decline and marine debris? than we realize. It’s clear, now more than honor the Foundation’s unique scuba With so many issues facing our ocean ever, that divers have a much greater role diving heritage. $is new logo is the planet, it’s unrealistic to think one group SL/ALAMY; COURTESY PADI COURTESY SL/ALAMY; to play in making positive changes in the third evolution since PADI !rst created or organization can meaningfully ad -VISUAL&WRITTEN THAILAND; CENTRE, DIVING BANS LEFT: FROM CLOCKWISE OPPOSITE, PADI; COURTESY

48 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 dress them all. Narrowing focus expands Q: How will divers truly help protect Above: Shark fins processed for shark-fin soup. the depth of involvement on particular sharks? How has the focus on sharks Shark finning is one of the world’s most destruc- tive fisheries. issues directly related to divers (who are changed in recent years? usually the !rst to visually see changes Sharks have a serious image problem – as they occur), changes in species abun- one that Project AWARE has and will and clear. "e major role that diving and dance, and ocean debris. Talk to any div- continue to battle in the coming years. tourism play in many economies needs er who has been around for a few years It’s clear that, at the policy level, eco- heavy consideration when decisions are and they will tell you stories related to nomics play a powerful role in their made – for example, heeding scienti!c the issue of abundance – days when their conservation. data and the need for unsustainable favorite dive sites were diverse and thriv- Project AWARE is increasingly ac- shark !shing to stop. "e Foundation’s ing. Divers have seen drastic change tive in global management and policy experience as a Shark Alliance Steering over time and the Foundation wants to discussions and one thing stands out: Committee Member in Europe, working reverse these negative trends. Commercial !shing is usually the only with the European Union (EU) Com- Sharks are iconic for divers, and they economic sector represented and plays mission to close shark-!nning loopholes, symbolize healthy, thriving environ- a powerful role in decision-making. It’s for example, has shown that divers can ments. Changes in the ecosystem are time that the collective power of millions play a signi!cant role in the health or immediately obvious when sharks are of divers around the world is heard loud loss of a species. wiped out. "e current shark population crisis marks a sense of urgency and divers are increasingly part of their protection. "e same is true when it comes to the amount of trash, plastic or !shing gear – plain junk – invading dive sites and even the most remote locations in our ocean. Divers are quali!ed to describe marine-debris issues underwater and take actions beyond traditional cleanups to address prevention and management. Even within these two focus areas – marine debris and species decline – there is tremendous work to be done. Building on our mutual e#orts and partnership over time is critical.

Since 1989, Project AWARE’s logo has expressed divers’ unique connection to the ocean, including the Foundation’s newest logo (far right). LIVING SEAS: PROJECT AWARE

THERE IS NO LIMIT TO WHAT DIVERS CAN ACCOMPLISH

Q: What’s so di!erent about the ap- e!orts to reduce waste and implement use these sites to handle local waste and proach to marine debris now, versus the management practices where needed. recycling challenges as well. So, policy cleanup e!orts from years past? At the 5th International Marine De- and management changes can have a Marine debris – or trash in our ocean – bris Conference in Hawaii, USA, in dramatic e!ect on the ability to deal is rising to the top of the marine policy March 2011, Project AWARE represen- with these grassroots issues. "is is why agenda. Scientists, resource managers tatives met with leading scientists and or- the relaunch of Project AWARE aims to and governments increasingly recognize ganizations approaching this issue from connect the dots between the powerful it as one of the most serious ocean issues land. It was very clear that AWARE div- actions divers take on the ground with of our time. It is an issue not addressed ers, providing an underwater perspective policy and management changes. by traditional cleanups alone. Cleanups on this global issue, are critical to #lling play an important role in developing current data gaps. Q: What led to the new AWARE move- community awareness and engaging the ment and online community platform, broader dive community in keeping dive Q: How does a bigger focus on ocean My Ocean? sites clean and safe. But cleanups alone advocacy fuel policy and management Project AWARE’s powerful movement do not address the problem at its source. change? for ocean protection starts with you. AWARE divers are recognized for the "ere is no limit to what divers can ac- And our interconnected web of shared unique ability to provide the world with complish for conservation. But real, ef- experience online will power our o$ine the global underwater perspective of ma- fective ocean policy and management results. Technology is the key element rine debris. Now, we’re igniting a com- also dramatically influence lasting di!erentiating movements today from prehensive, year-round data collection change on the ground. For instance, it’s those of the past. "e new online com- program – Dive Against Debris – the almost impossible to reduce the amount munity, My Ocean (projectaware.org), only e!ort of its kind to date, focused on of derelict #shing gear lost or abandoned allows us to collaborate globally within prevention of debris underwater. "ese at sea, when there is no place to prop- one cohesive online platform. Together e!orts enable the sharing of underwater erly dispose of that gear on shore. Re- we amplify our collective e!orts, shining data with key global players and partners cent policy changes to an international a light on our community actions and including the United Nations Environ- treaty (MARPOL – the International strengthening our voice for the ocean. ment Programme (UNEP), the National Convention for the Prevention of Pollu- This growing global movement is Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- tion from Ships) now require ports to put a shining hope for ocean protection. tion (NOAA) and the Ocean Con- disposal sites on shore to prevent dump- AWARE leaders like you are passion- servancy among others. And the data ing waste at sea. For some Caribbean ate about your business, the condition supports local dive leaders too, fueling islands, this provides an opportunity to of local dive sites as well as the state of

Project AWARE is pushing to spur policy change aimed at reducing marine debris – and is asking

PADI Members to lend a hand. USA HAWAII, CO., DIVE DREAMS MAUI OPPOSITE: WATERFRAME/ALAMY; PADI; COURTESY LEFT: FROM

50 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 the ocean planet. Now, within the My Ocean community, you can create a pro- !le for your local dive center, dive club or 1-2-3 LAUNCH organization or for you as a dive profes- sional working toward ocean issues – or Vision Goals both. You can share your local successes A return to a clean, No. 1: An front and center, pro!le your volunteers, healthy and abundant abundant ocean planet. ocean rich manage your protection activities and in diversity events, contribute content in your My Mission Ocean blog and populate your other so- Project AWARE Founda- • FOCUS cial networks in one click. You can con- tion mobilizes the world’s AREA: Shark conservation •FOCUS AREA: Marine tribute conservation photos and videos, divers into a global force debris to protect our ocean • GOAL: To end unsus- manage and visualize marine debris data planet. tainable shark fishing, • GOAL: To provide the for local dive sites (coming soon) and so increase protection for underwater perspective much more. Tagline vulnerable shark species of marine debris impacts, More important, everything you do Protecting Our Ocean and reverse the drastic take action to reduce here shows the world how deeply com- Planet – One Dive at a decline of shark popula- waste, improve waste TimeSM tions worldwide. management practices, mitted divers are. It helps us establish our end littering and prevent position as a serious movement gaining No. 2: A clean and healthy debris from entering momentum and attention for critical ocean the ocean. ocean issues on the global policy agenda.

51 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 LIVING SEAS: PROJECT AWARE

Volunteers from Desert Divers in Egypt at the Flor- Q: Project AWARE keeps referring to ida Miami Beach ECOMB Environmental Coalition “AWARE leaders.” What’s an AWARE of Miami Beach Big Sweep beach cleanup (this leader? page and opposite page). AWARE leaders are everyday ocean he- roes seeking really big results. !ey’re not just sitting back, hoping others will do the work. !ey’re rethinking what’s possible for ocean protection and diving in. Whether it’s engaging and training divers to become underwater data col- lection experts, organizing policy rallies and petition campaigns or aligning busi- ness goals with ocean protection initia- tives – the Foundation recognizes leaders and supports their e"orts.

Q: PADI started the AWARE philoso- phy in 1989. What is AWARE’s current relationship with PADI? PADI established Project AWARE Foun- dation, which it continues to support in kind, operationally and #nancially, with donations each year. !e Foundation is a separate registered nonpro#t organi- zation with o$ces in the United States, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Aus- tralia, and a volunteer o$ce in Japan. !e Foundation raises its own funds and de#nes its mission and goals. But the partnership with PADI is START YOUR MOVEMENT TODAY extremely important for the network of professionals around the world who Top Five Actions to take collect data for change volunteers and display power global conservation activities and you from AWARE advo- and remove debris from your results. programs. !e in-kind donations, such cate to AWARE leader: your favorite underwater as o$ce space, free advertising space and environments locally. Find • CAMPAIGN – For the the ability to raise funds through PADI’s • MY OCEAN – Create training tools and guides first time, the AWARE certi#cation card processing system, are your individual or organi- online to get you started website and community also critical. !e Foundation could not zational profile for ocean and mobilize teams of is powered for advocacy. achieve its goals without PADI and the protection today. Here, dive volunteers. Most Together, we can rally peti- work of such dedicated dive leaders and you’ll post and manage important, enter your tion signatures, contact volunteers. your conservation events underwater data – year- policy makers and influ- For detailed information, Project and activities, blog about round – directly to Project ence change. Find new AWARE’s financial records and de- them and the issues con- AWARE. tools to help you gather tails of the donated services can be fronting your local dive shark signatures with your seen in the online annual reports at sites. You’ll maintain con- • ORGANIZE – The new mobile phone and publi- www.projectaware.org. servation photo and video projectaware.org is your cize your support for the galleries and connect with new hub for ocean pro- issues that matter most. Q: Project AWARE is a nonpro!t en- dive buddies for upcoming tection dives, community tity that needs !nancial support to ocean conservation events efforts, conservation cam- • SUPPORT – It’s critical. survive. What’s the best way to !nan- and more. paigns, fundraisers and Visit the new projectaware. cially support ocean protection through more. Place your activities org, join the movement AWARE? • PROTECT – Take your on the Action Map, con- and support ocean protec- As PADI Professionals and trainers, dive ocean protection efforts nect your events to your tion efforts worldwide. Our students will follow your lead. !e best to the next level – Dive My Ocean profile and blog vision for change depends way you can in%uence ocean protection Against Debris. You can where you can to manage on it. is to transmit ocean protection priorities

to your students and divers. Encourage (2) GREENBERG/ALAMY JEFF TOP: FROM OPPOSITE, PADI; COURTESY

52 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 SEA THE CHANGE CONSERVATION CONTEST IS SPREADING

Maybe it’s just the $5000 US grand prize up for grabs, but it’s more likely that the PADI Sea the Change campaign is spurring people into action because everyone likes to do something good. Thousands of people around the globe are sharing the ways – big and small – they bring about conservation change in their communities. The conservation contest launched in March 2011 and has already, at the time of this writing, has drawn 24,000 SEA THE visits to view and share compelling videos CHANGE via Facebook and Twitter. Some of the popular video clips involve $5000 US GRAND teaching kids about the ocean in Kona, PRIZE Hawaii, USA, ways to clean up beaches in Borneo and divers collecting underwater rubbish in Nicaragua. Themes range from educating people about marine life to nat- ural phenomena to tangible actions that protect and conserve. “It’s inspiring to see people spread awareness about protecting the under- water world among their own friends. The PADI organization is excited to be a part of this conservation effort and make it easy to harness the power of social media to join conservation and scuba diving in people’s minds,” said Kristin Valette, Vice President The video with the most public votes will win paign in your business and generate free of Marketing and Communications at PADI $5000 US and the PADI organization will publicity via local media, visit the Market- Americas. donate an additional $5000 US on the win- ing Toolbox at the PADI Pros’ Site, select Anyone 13 years or older can enter ner’s behalf to Project AWARE Foundation. Marketing Campaigns and then select Sea the contest through 15 December 2011. To learn about how you can use this cam- the Change.

them to support the Foundation by mak- donations are used by taking full advan- to life, front and center of the AWARE ing a donation in addition to their certi- tage of information and resources online. community. #ere are maps, blogs, so- !cation or replacement card processing cial networking capabilities, advocacy fee or donate to the movement directly Q: What are the new tools for ocean tools, distinctive specialty courses, data online at projectaware.org. Some in- protection that also take into consider- collection capabilities and more. And structors and dive centers role model ation my current business needs? while this relaunch is exciting, realize this by donating to AWARE on behalf You need visibility for your growing too that it’s just the beginning. Expand- of their divers and challenging them to green business and you need packaged ing on these tools to support your e"orts match the donation. Others conduct content to make your ocean protec- into the future is a critical part to our fundraisers or fundraising challenges as tion e"orts seamless and sustainable. shared success. Go see the changes for part of their conservation activities and For launch, you’ll see the new AWARE yourself. Let us know what you think community initiatives. Transparency, website and My Ocean community are and what you’d like to see next – email credibility and inspiration are important all centered on you, the AWARE leader. [email protected]. to all donors so let your divers know how It brings your local protection e"orts

53 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL T H IRDQUARTER 2011 54 E H T A E S R E D N U L A N R U O J R E T R A U Q D R I H T 2011

YURY KUZMIN/ISTOCKPHOTO BUSINESS OF DIVING

WHY C NSERVATI N?

BY MEGAN DENNY, SALES CONSULTANT, PADI AMERICAS

his isn’t one more article about “going green.” This is an article on how to make your BUSINESS MORE PROFITABLE Tusing GREEN IDEAS AND TECHNOLOGY. You have my word: there’s nothing in the following pages that will make you feel guilty for driving a big tank-hauling truck, though you may feel compelled to buy a new toilet.

Unlikely Tree-Huggers instead of ice to keep its bu#et line cold. reduced their shipping costs. "e com- First, let’s talk about a group of people "e rocks can be reused and require no pany has also produced more a#ordable who only care about one thing – money. special treatment or processing. organic and earth-friendly products to When heavy-hitters like Dow Jones, Citi- Haägen-Daz, dependent on honeybees attract green customers and improve group and Bloomberg use “green” data to to pollinate strawberry, mint and other the bottom line (from in the book !e determine a company’s valuation – that’s plants that turn into ice cream $avors, Unlikely Story of Wal-Mart’s Green Revo- when going green goes legit. has sponsored $620,000 US in honey- lution by Edward Humes). For example, the Bloomberg !nancial bee research and habitat development in "e Ingenio El Portrero sugar factory group (one-third of the $16 billion US the last three years. in Mexico invested in a more e%cient global !nancial data market) launched MillerCoors/MolsonCoors engages in cooling system that cut freshwater con- “ESG data” for its customers in 2009. a variety of expense-reducing green activ- sumption by 94 percent. "is new data includes more than 100 ities such as turning waste into income Mitsubishi Semiconductor America, indicators on environmental, social by converting brewing by-products into Inc. invested in water-saving technologies and governance issues. Clients using fuel-grade ethanol. In the UK, the Molson that reduced water use by 70 percent and Bloomberg’s more than 250,000 data bottle was redesigned to reduce packaging wastewater e&uents by 75 percent. "is terminals view ESG data on up to 3000 weight by 4500 tons per year (resulting in investment paid for itself within two years. publicly traded companies. lower fuel expenses), and in North Amer- "e e#orts of these large companies In recent years, dozens of well-known ica, more e%cient keg and pallet pickup should not be discarded as irrelevant companies made green business decisions, routes took 1400 trucks o# the road. to the average dive shop or una%liated not just for the glowing press release but Wal-Mart’s green conversion has instructor. Compared to these behemoths, because it made good !nancial sense. trimmed packaging, saved huge amounts the average dive business is agile and can Celebrity Cruises uses chilled river rock of water, cardboard and diesel fuel and implement change with relative ease.

55 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 Increase pro!ts through green business practices What follows are eco-friendly ideas that will reduce the cost of doing business while simultaneously reducing your impact on the environment. Since we all have to start in the pool (or pool-like conditions) before we can progress to open water, we’ll begin with simple ideas you can implement this weekend and gradually move to large-scale ideas that will add to your long-term pro!tability.

Switch to PIC Online

Transition from paper PICs to PIC Online. Divers receive their certi!cation cards faster, and you save on the cost of post- age. Ask your sales consultant if the PIC Online sub-admin option is available in your region. $is new tool allows dive center sta" to submit PIC Online certi!cations under a store’s Eco-Tip of the Month account without having full access to the Sell Products for dive center’s PADI Pros’ Site account. Customers Who Embrace Share a monthly conservation the Green Lifestyle tip on your Facebook page and electronic newsletter. Encour- As a dive center, whatever eco- age readers to share this idea friendly merchandise you have with !ve friends. By asking cus- in stock is ten times cooler tomers to “like” and share your than what the evil corpora- monthly tip, you’ll also generate word of tions are selling. Why lose that mouth marketing for your business. sunscreen sale to Boots or Wal- A quick Google search provides plenty Mart? Why let your customers of tip ideas, but here are a few to get you buy their next laptop sleeve from - started: zon or Apple? tDon’t water your lawn in the middle Here are some eco-friendly products you of the day or on windy days. Signi!cant can sell to capture purchases that might be water loss occurs in the middle of the day Go Paperless made elsewhere: due to evaporation. In the case of wind, Purchase your logo-branded goods from your water blows onto the sidewalk or your Many computer printers now a green company such as Ecologic Designs neighbor’s yard. double as scanners. By scan- (Colorado, USA). Ecologic Designs uses tSign the Project AWARE Shark Petition ning student record !les at the old scuba and sur!ng as the at projectaware.org/givesharksachance. conclusion of the program, you source materials for laptop sleeves, bever- tShare your favorite Sea the Change can transmit student informa- age cozies and mask straps branded with video at padi.com/scuba/special-o"ers/ tion easily and save on printer your logo or other design. sea-the-change. ink (which can be toxic and Stock T-shirts with an ocean-hugging tIncrease foot tra#c by inviting custom- can cost quite a bit). PADI Members are message such as those sold by loveour- ers to bring in recyclable items such as used required to save student records for seven oceans.org. A portion of the proceeds cell phones. Work with local facilities to years, so be sure to create a digital backup is used to preserve the ocean and its ensure proper disposal and recycling of of the !les. inhabitants. these items. Deep Ecology (North Shore, Additionally, a paperless o#ce can National Geographic has reported on Hawaii, USA) collects !shing for expand your employee talent base. Jenny the link between conventional sunscreen recycling. Owner Pat Johnson says, “We Collister, owner of dive and adventure use and coral bleaching. Eco-aware divers collect them in a recycling bin, and when travel company Reef and Rainforest in will want to use “reef safe” biodegrad- we have a certain amount we have it melted Portland, Oregon, USA, said, “We made able sunscreen (and in some resort areas down and made into dive weights.” the move to a paperless o#ce. Not only of Mexico, biodegradable is the only sun- does it save money, it allows us to hire screen permitted). the best employees in North America – Rather than selling water in plastic bot- VALUE from $-$$$ not just those who live in San Francisco, tles, sell metal water bottles branded with Portland [etc].” Her remote employ- your dive business logo. Make !ltered TIME from minimal to long term ees handle a variety of duties, including water available for customers who pur- KEY accounting. chase a bottle or bring their own. GARCIA CARRIE DELIMONT/ALAMY; DANITA OPPOSITE: TK; WHITTLE; JON PADI; COURTESY LEFT: FROM

56 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 Invest in a pool cover to conserve energy on your dive operation’s outdoor pool.

Buy a New Toilet DUI’S > US dual-#ush toilet would pay for itself ECODIVEWEAR Let’s talk for a minute about water – in two years. Australian residents may be BASE LAYER not the stu" we dive in, the kind we eligible for a $200 AU rebate from the NOT ONLY #ush, drink and use to !ll our pools. government. Search “toilet rebate Austra- USA Today recently reported, “$e lia” for details. APPEALS price of water is increasing – in some TO A GREEN places dramatically – throughout Pool Conservation Tips CONSUMER, the world. Over the past !ve years, IT BRINGS AN municipal rates have risen by an average If your dive operation includes a pool, of 27 percent in the United States, 32 per- there are technologies to help reduce your EXTERNAL SALE cent in the United Kingdom, 45 percent operating cost. A variable speed pump can BACK INTO THE in Australia, 50 percent in South Africa reduce your electric bill. Some local gov- DIVE CENTER and 58 percent in Canada.” ernments and energy companies o"er a With the cost of water on the rise, !nancial incentive to make this upgrade. using less water decreases operating $e variable-speed pump adjusts its RPMs costs. $e toilet is inevitably frequented depending on demand saving energy and In the dive industry, DUI’s ECODive- by customers. While some choose to de- money. Solar pool heating is a relatively Wear base layer exempli!es a product that ca%nate in their wetsuits, the rest will inexpensive investment and pays for itself appeals to a green consumer and brings take advantage of the traditional facili- in a short amount of time. an external sale back into the dive center. ties. So why not buy a water-saving toilet? If your business has an outdoor pool, Susan Long, President and CEO of As every child in the United States invest in a pool cover. Pools lose 2.54 cen- DUI, said, “For years, dive stores have knows, $omas Crapper invented the timetres/1.0 inches of water per week in been sending divers to REI or other sport- modern toilet, but we must thank Aus- the summer due to evaporation, and a ing goods stores to buy their base layers. tralian Bruce $ompson for inventing the pool cover can reduce this water loss by Why send a customer somewhere else? We dual-#ush model. High-e%ciency com- 95 percent. $e cover will also help retain designed it [ECODiveWear] to cost the modes can reduce water use by up to 67 heat, reducing your energy bill and thereby same as something you would see in an percent. In the United States, this equates operating costs. REI-type store for a recycled product.” to (roughly) $105 US savings per year. By Develop Business this estimate, the cost of an average $200

57 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 Government Incentives PADI Members in the United States (including American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands) can search dsireusa.org to determine what’s available in their municipality. Depending on the city, simple upgrades such as installing LED exit signs or upgrading to more-e#cient light bulbs qualify for a tax credit. Partnerships Je$ Smith, owner of Paci"c Wilderness Partner with other businesses whose cus- (San Pedro, California, USA), described tomers have a passion for the how a state-sponsored rebate program cov- environment. !is could be a ered the cost of converting 60 "xtures to local restaurant or market that energy-e#cient %uorescent bulbs. Smith sells only sustainable seafood said, “A subcontractor o$ered to replace products, a cycling shop that our existing "xtures to T8 %uorescents. I caters to bike commuters, or your was able to have over 60 "xtures changed local aquarium. out (bulbs and all) at no cost to me, and Cross-promote your eco-friendly busi- they didn’t disrupt the look of the store. nesses through electronic and traditional !e subcontractor collected the rebate, and means. Create reciprocal specials such I save $250 US a month in electrical costs.” as “bring in your PADI certi"cation card !e following are links to government- within 30 days of certi"cation and receive sponsored incentives: a free entry/admission” or “free introduc- tCanada: oee.nrcan.gc.ca and click on tion to scuba for you and a friend with any Grants and Financial Incentives purchase of $100 or more.” tAustralia: climatechange.gov.au and Run a contest with another business click on “What You Can Do” followed to see who can raise the most money by “Business and Industry” for Project AWARE. Devise fundrais- tUnited Kingdom: decc.gov.uk and ing benchmarks and incentives such type “incentives” into the search box. as, “donate $100 and receive a 10-punch tMéxico: www.cfe.gob.mx air-"ll card” or “at the $1000 mark, the For government incentives in other owner will dye his hair pink.” Post regu- areas, please use your preferred search On Maui, Hawaii, USA, Deep Hori- lar updates on your website and Facebook engine. zons runs on 100 percent biodiesel, the page, and email your local news stations to Boat operators may be eligible for fund- only on the island to do so. !e attract publicity. Captain Pink Hair could ing to cross over to greener fuel. With the engine conversion and installation of a be big news on a slow day. cost of oil continuing to rise, alternative 1900-litre/500-gallon storage tank (with Research fuels such as propane and biodiesel may "ltration) was a signi"cant investment prove to be less expensive. up front, but the company now spends less on boat maintenance costs and has Consider using greener fuel on your reduced its refueling time saving on labor dive boat. Above: L'Oceanographic Sci- costs also. ence Centre in Valencia, Spain. Pat Johnson from Deep Ecology in Haleiwa, Hawaii, USA, said, “!ree years ago, we converted our boat to pro- pane. At the time we converted [propane] was much cheaper, but that’s not why we did it. Since we did the conversion, the engine has been running better than ever. We have to do things to make sure it’s kept up and we added extra safety fea- tures, but it’s worth it. Propane versus diesel burns much cleaner.” Ecosystem Services Review (ESR) Assessment FROM TOP: HANNU LIIVAAR/ALAMY; TY SAWYER; OPPOSITE: TY SAWYER; MASA USHIODA MASA SAWYER; TY OPPOSITE: SAWYER; TY LIIVAAR/ALAMY; HANNU TOP: FROM

58 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 Get behind conservation measures such as !shing bans to protect your local dive sites.

Ecosystem services are the ecological loss, and also consider improvement. processes and resources that bene!t indi- What if your local open water site had viduals and society. Examples better access or facilities? How might that include water purification increase business and who can in"uence services by wetlands or the this change? attractive and diverse habitat For example, a !shing ban at Shark’s of your local dive site. Vit- Cove and Three Tables dive sites in tel (Nestle), BC Hydro, Rio Hawaii, USA, improved the marine life Tinto and Unilever all recently population within a few years. Large conducted an Ecosystem Services Review marine life has returned and smaller (ESR) assessment of their business to marine populations have started to thrive. determine the services that are critical to While !shermen have moved elsewhere, their business success. An ESR assessment the dive business has grown. goes something like this: For more information and a step- Measure your business’ dependence by-step ESR assessment tool for on eco-resources. If, for example, 75 in"uence change? What are the current businesses, please visit this web- percent of your business relies on certi!- trends (local attitude and government reg- site: http://www.wri.org/publication/ cation dives at one open water site, what ulation) that in"uence this resource? corporate-ecosystem-services-review. would happen if it became unusable due Create an action plan to protect against Capitalize on Your to an environmental issue or government decision? DETERMINE THE LOCAL RESOURCES YOUR BUSINESS List and rank dependence, impact and in"uence. What resources are we IS DEPENDENT ON AND THEN CREATE AN ACTION PLAN dependent on, and who has the ability to TO PROTECT THEM AND INCREASE YOUR BUSINESS.

59 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 Showing your commitment to the envi- ronment will help distinguish you from your competition.

Eco-Efforts strong environmental message on his web- one that is environmentally conscious and Consumers seek out and pay site and attracts customers from Denver active. more for eco-friendly products – over an hour’s drive away. For businesses located within a large and experiences. Don’t believe On the busy island of Oahu, Hawaii, resort or hotel, the green aspects of your it? Google “Summit Series.” Recently USA, Deep Ecology’s commitment to con- business make scuba a compelling choice featured in Forbes, this $3500 US per per- servation helps them stand out from the for guests. Being the most “eco-friendly” son, 30-and-under eco-adventure cruise dozens of other dive operators. Manager activity at the resort gives guests a reason included shark-tagging and coral-reef Pat Johnson said, “Travelers !nd us on the to try scuba instead of parasailing. Your building. internet and 90 percent of those people tell eco-activities also help the resort stand out Sales of Marine Stewardship Council- me they chose us because of what we stand from competitors. certi!ed seafood products increased 30 for. People want to support this kind of $e world’s waterways are the dive percent last year to $2 billion US in sales [eco-friendly] company.” industry’s number one product. An invest- worldwide. Consumers seeking sustainable In addition to promoting your green ment in our environmental capital is one !sh can !nd MSC-certi!ed products at activities online, reinforce the message guaranteed way to pay dividends. By elim- more than 1200 di"erent retailers world- with in-store signage. If you buy a new inating waste (wasting energy, wasting wide, including Whole Foods, Sainsbury’s, dual-#ush toilet, print out a little sign to water), pro!tability rises while environ- Loblaws and Japan Co-op. put on top of it: “I save 25,000 liters/6000 mental impact goes down. When we Promoting your green activities will dis- gallons of water a year.” Brag about your connect conservation to the bottom line, tinguish you from other businesses and solar-heated pool, and call attention to we preserve our industry for the future. attract customers looking for an eco-expe- your mask straps made from recycled $e state of our world’s oceans has left us rience. Graham Casden, owner of Ocean wetsuits. $ese actions tell the consumer with two choices: make smart business First Divers, Colorado, USA, promotes a that your business is di"erent, better, and decisions, or pray that the Mayans were right and in 2012 Mother Earth will hit WHETHER YOU CHOOSE TO GO GREEN FOR FINANCIAL the reset button. Whether you choose to go green for !nancial or philanthropic rea-

OR PHILANTHROPIC REASONS, THE CHOICE IS CLEAR. sons, the choice is clear. DIVERS FISH MAD COURTESY SAWYER; TY OPPOSITE: WOODLEY/ALAMY; ANDREW

60 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 Eco-Operator tional clients – they are very eco, people are ava’s food is locally sourced, reducing the Pro!les looking for that. It’s more than a holiday need for expensive imported food and "ere are dozens of ecologi- experience – diving with Deep Ecology is the costs associated with bringing it to cally minded dive operators a genuine investment in the protection of the island. "e resort maintains a large in the PADI family. Here are pro!les of a Hawaii’s marine environment.” organic garden and purchases fruits and few. To read and interact with other eco- Johnson also spoke about Deep Ecol- vegetables from the local village farmers leaders, visit projectaware.org. ogy’s work to implement a !shing ban at after supplying them with seeds. "e guest the Pupukea Marine Life Conservation bures are kept cool by shade and ocean District (Shark’s Cove and "ree Tables breezes, and all gray water is piped out to dive sites). rubble drains for %owers and plants. “We were an enemy to our own peers Recipient of numerous awards including back then. But over the years of having Virgin Holidays’ 2010 sustainable tourism Shark’s Cove as a protected site, we’ve seen award and AON Excellence in Tourism a big change. Protecting it has made the award 2011, the resort’s eco-friendly atti- site better. "ere’s big life there now. So tude is a beacon for travelling divers. many come to Shark’s Cove now, they’ve “We strongly believe that business has asked people to carpool. increased due to our vigorous environmen- “After 14 years, we’re thriving. Because tal policies,” said Gow. of our commitment, our repeat and refer- “We have established a marine reserve ral business is strong – we have a base that from the boundary of the Matava foreshore refers and comes back to us year after year. extending out to encompass the opposite We’ve built that loyalty and earned that Waya Island. "is area is protected from loyalty. I feel very proud of all we’ve been any sort of !shing, shell collecting and reef through.” walking. We have also helped the village of Nacomoto. Each time we dive there, we Matava Resort Fiji and make a contribution to the village. "is Mad Fish Divers clearly bene!ts all parties. "e diving is superb, the village gets income and the !sh Deep Ecology - North Imagine cutting your electric bill down to have a sanctuary to breed.” Shore, Hawai’i, USA zero. Matava Resort Fiji has accomplished "e dive operator at Matava, Mad Fish this feat by running on solar power. Divers, converted its boats to four-stroke “When people !nd us on the internet, 90 This eco-upgrade along with other engines. Gow states, “In fuel savings alone, percent of those people tell me they called changes has made the resort nearly self- four-strokes pay for themselves in just nine us because of what we stand for.” su#cient. Stuart Gow, co-owner of the months of operation. "at’s not just green, Pat Johnson, owner of Deep Ecol- resort, explained that 60 percent of Mat- that’s business sense.” ogy, describes the dive operator’s humble beginnings: “We started out as the North Shore tree-hugging hippies. Now it’s all cool, but it wasn’t 14 years ago. Fourteen years ago, we made the commitment to being a green business: we’re not going to drop anchor on the reef, we’re not going to touch anything, and we’ll do an eco- [dive] brie!ng not just a regular brie!ng. When we take the boat out, we stop at a turtle cleaning station and the guide jumps in and checks for any injured tur- tles. It takes a little more time, but that’s part of our commitment.” "at commitment is how Deep Ecol- ogy has saved 55 Hawaiian sea turtles and developed a reputation as an environmen- tal leader. “"e goal in the beginning was to make a di$erence on this island,” says Johnson. “Now people seek out our niche, the name Converting to four-stroke engines has Deep Ecology says it all. Today, we have allowed Mad Fish Divers to realize sig- a group of very diverse clients – military, ni!cant fuel savings. local, and visitors. We get a lot of interna-

61 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 PADI’s Rebreather Diver and Advanced Rebreather Diver courses allow avid rec divers to use closed-circuit technologies. TRAINING

REBREATHER The PADI organization steps into the world of recreational and technical rebreathers BY KARL SHREEVES, LAUNCH DIRECTOR, DIVING, PADI TECHNICAL DIVING DIVISION

PREVIEW: PADI REBREATHER AND feet. "e thinking was that using these (technical) CCRs, which include a range TEC CCR COURSES technologies required a tec diving mindset of eCCRs and mCCRs. "e philosophy RL SHREEVES RL

A with respect to procedures and equipment is that student divers want to tec dive E: K E:

IT Announced in late 2010, PADI Rebreather care. "e emergence of new, highly auto- CCRs, and will likely dive beyond rec-

OS Diver, Advanced Rebreather Diver and mated rebreathers opens the door for avid reational limits and may progress into PP Tec CCR Diver courses are in develop- recreational divers to use closed-circuit overhead (physical or virtual) environ- MY; O MY; A

L ment, with the !rst rollout scheduled for technologies. From an instructional design ments. Life-support problems with a CCR A

ME/ the third quarter 2011. Subsequent courses perspective, this calls for two course types must therefore allow the diver to diagnose A will debut over the remainder of the year with di$erent approaches applied to dif- and, when possible, return to the loop to ERFR

AT and into 2012. "is is a tremendously ferent rebreathers. complete the dive. Training is signi!- complex project that involves developing The PADI Rebreather Diver and cantly more demanding because these MY; W MY; A

L multiple courses with support materials; Advanced Rebreather Diver courses divers must learn to be tec divers, as well A /

TT to date, the PADI Technical Diving Divi- address with Type R as learn to tec dive CCRs. O P L I sion and the global PADI O#ces have (recreational) rebreathers, which are fully H P

T completed a great deal of work. Here’s automated systems with limited manual Here are the currently planned courses R A

U an update on where these courses stand controls. "e foundational philosophy is and structures. T and a look at things to come, with the that student divers are not tec divers, nor OCK; S OCK; T caveat that some things may yet change. do they desire to be. As in open-circuit PADI REBREATHER AND ADVANCED OS T Note also that there are prerequisite and recreational diving, these divers respond REBREATHER DIVER COURSES

GEFO instructional design questions still to be to rebreather problems by bailing out to A

ME/ answered. open-circuit and ending the dive. "ey !"PADI Rebreather Diver A don’t need to be trained in manual t Trains beginning rebreather divers ERFR

AT TWO COURSE FLOWS FOR TWO KINDS rebreather operation or other return-to- to dive Type R rebreathers to a max- /W

A OF DIVERS

L the-loop emergency responses. Training imum depth of 18 metres/60 feet. A t .JOJNVN*OTUSVDUPS3BUJOH OV focuses on this, as well as rebreather- PADI D Until recently, rebreathers and rebreather related predive setup, checks, planning Rebreather Instructor. : JOE JOE : T training has been primarily tec oriented and post dive maintenance. t 1SFSFRVJTJUFT PADI Open Water – even if the diver was only interested in no- "e PADI Tec CCR Diver courses Diver, PADI Enriched Air Diver

FROM LEF FROM stop diving shallower than 40 metres/130 address technical diving with Type T (or qualifying certi!cations from

63 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 REBREATHER LAUNCH

another training organization); 25 ual dives have di#ering minimum t PADI Rebreather Diver and logged dives, 18 years old. and maximum depths. Advanced Rebreather Diver Instruc- t 3BUJPT 4:1; 6:1 with certified t )PVSTDaylight hours. tor Guide assistant. t .JOJNVN/VNCFSPG%JWFT One t PADI Rebreather Diver & Advanced t &RVJQNFOU As required by Gen- con"ned water, four open water Rebreather Diver Lesson Guides eral Standards and the environment; ("ve total). t PADI Rebreather Diver Exams Type R rebreather listed by PADI t PADI Advanced Rebreather Diver O!ce. $e courses are unit speci!c – divers Exams t (BTFT Air diluent; oxygen; enriched qualify on individual rebreathers sepa- t PADI Rebreather Diver & Advanced air allowed if speci"ed by manu- rately. $e PADI Rebreather Quali"er Rebreather Diver Key Skills video facturer (enriched air required for program allows certi"ed Rebreather and SCRs.) Advanced Rebreather Divers to qualify t %FQUIT Maximum depth not to for a di#erent unit without repeating the !"PADI Rebreather Instructor exceed 18 metres/60 feet; individ- entire course. t Qualified to teach the PADI ual dives have di#ering minimum Course Support Materials Include: Rebreather Diver and Advanced and maximum depths. t PADI Rebreather Diver & Advanced Rebreather Diver courses. Certi"- t )PVSTDaylight hours. Rebreather Diver Manual cation requirements: t .JOJNVN/VNCFSPG%JWFTOne con"ned water, one con"ned or open water, four open water (six total).

!"PADI Advanced Rebreather Diver t Trains PADI Rebreather Divers to make no stop dives with Type R rebreathers as deep as 30 metres/100 feet (40 metres/130 feet with PADI Deep Diver certi"cation). t .JOJNVN*OTUSVDUPS3BUJOHPADI Rebreather Instructor. t 1SFSFRVJTJUFTPADI Open Water Diver, PADI Rebreather Diver (or qualifying certi"cations from another training organization), cer- ti"ed for Type R rebreather used in the course; 30 logged dives, 18 years old. t 1SJPS UP $FSUJGJDBUJPO PADI Advanced Open Water Diver. t 3BUJPT 4:1; 6:1 with certified assistant. t &RVJQNFOUAs required by Gen- eral Standards and the environment; Type R rebreather listed by PADI O!ce; bailout cylinder with 850 litres/30 cubic feet of free gas (or more) with open circuit regulator, rigging for attachment to the diver and hose of su!cient length to share gas with another diver. t (BTFTAir diluent; oxygen; enriched air as speci"ed by manufacturer (enriched air required for eSCRs). t %FQUITMaximum depth not to exceed 30 metres/100 feet; individ- t Be a Teaching status PADI Open rienced recreational divers in tec or enriched air for bailout gas – Water Scuba Instructor or higher. diving and CCR diving. Students allowed as diluent if allowed by t Be a PADI Enriched Air Diver Spe- learn to make no-stop tec dives and manufacturer. cialty Course Instructor. limited decompression tec dives to t %FQUIT Maximum depth not to t Be a PADI Deep Diver Specialty 40 metres/130 feet. exceed 40 metres/130 feet. Individ- Course Instructor. t .JOJNVN*OTUSVDUPS3BUJOHTec ual dives have di"ering minimum t Be certi!ed as a PADI Advanced 40 CCR Instructor. and maximum depths. Rebreather Diver (or have a qual- t .JOJNVN$FSUJöFE"TTJTUBOU3BU- t )PVSTDaylight hours. ifying certi!cation from another JOH PADI Divemaster or higher t .JOJNVN/VNCFSPG%JWFTTwo training organization) with the spe- level PADI Member with PADI Tec confined water or limited open ci!c rebreather used in the course. 40 CCR Diver certi!cation. water, six open water. Additional qualification proce- t 1SFSFRVJTJUFT PADI Advanced dures may exist for individuals who Open Water Diver, PADI Enriched have a qualifying certi!cation from Air Diver (or qualifying certi!cations !"Tec 40 CCR Instructor another training organization. from another training organiza- Requirements for this course are still in t Have a minimum of 150 logged tion), PADI Deep Diver or proof of development. dives, with at least 75 dives made 10 dives to 30 metres/100 feet. 30 on a rebreather, of which at least 50 logged dives, at least 10 using EANx, Course Support Materials Include: dives and 50 hours are on the spe- deeper than 18 metres/60 feet. 18 t PADI Tec 40 CCR Diver Manual ci!c Type R rebreather for which the years old. t PADI Tec 40 CCR Diver Lesson instructor is qualifying as a PADI t 1SJPS UP 5SBJOJOH %JWF  PADI Guides Rebreather Instructor. . t PADI Tec 40 CCR Diver Instructor t Successfully complete the PADI t 1SJPSUP$FSUJöDBUJPO 50 logged Guide Rebreather Instructor train- dives. t PADI Tec 40 CCR Diver Exams ing course conducted by a PADI t 3BUJPT4:1; 6:1 with certi!ed assis- Rebreather Instructor Trainer. tant (unless a lower maximum is Certi!cation is unit speci!c. t Have assisted with at least one PADI speci!ed by the manufacturer of the Rebreather Diver course or one PADI Type T CCR used in training). Advanced Rebreather Diver course. t &RVJQNFOU As required by Gen- !"Tec 60 CCR Diver eral Standards and the environment; t Trains experienced Tec 40 CCR Div- PADI TEC CCR DIVER COURSES Type T CCR listed by PADI, tec ers in CCR decompression diving as equipment as listed in instructor deep as 60 metres/200 feet using !"Tec 40 CCR Diver guide. nonhypoxic trimix or diluent. t Entry-level course that trains expe- t (BTFT Air diluent; oxygen; air t .JOJNVN*OTUSVDUPS3BUJOH Tec 60 CCR Instructor t .JOJNVN $FSUJGJFE "TTJTUBOU 3BUJOH PADI Divemaster or higher- level PADI Member with PADI Tec 60 CCR Diver certi!cation t 1SFSFRVJTJUFT PADI Tec 40 CCR Diver (or qualifying certi!cation from another training organiza- tion). 150 logged dives, with at least 25 dives and 50 hours with the Type RL SHREEVES RL

T CCR used in the course. At least A

10 of these must be deeper than 30 K E: IT

metres/100 feet. OS t 3BUJPT 4:1; 6:1 with certified PP OCK; O OCK;

assistant T OS

t &RVJQNFOU As required by Gen- T eral Standards and the environment; GEFO Type T CCR listed by PADI with A ERS/ D

o"board diluent loop supply capa- N

bility, tec equipment as listed in AA W instructor guide T t (BTFT Air, nonhypoxic (16%+ oxy- N-JOOS A gen) trimix or heliox diluent; oxygen; J

65 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 REBREATHER LAUNCH

diluent and enriched air for bailout !"Tec 100 CCR Diver exceed 100 metres/330 feet; individ- gases t Trains experienced Tec 60 CCR ual dives have di!ering minimum t %FQUIT Maximum depth not to Divers in CCR decompression div- and maximum depths. exceed 60 metres/200 feet; individ- ing as deep as 100 metres/330 feet t )PVST Daylight hours. ual dives have di!ering minimum using hypoxic and nonhypoxic tri- t .JOJNVN/VNCFSPG%JWFT In and maximum depths. mix or heliox diluents. development. t )PVST Daylight hours. t .JOJNVN*OTUSVDUPS3BUJOH Tec t .JOJNVN/VNCFSPG%JWFT One 100 CCR Instructor. confined water or limited open t .JOJNVN$FSUJöFE"TTJTUBOU3BU- Tec 100 CCR Instructor water, six open water. JOH PADI Divemaster or higher Requirements for this level are still in level PADI Member with PADI Tec development. 100 CCR Diver certi"cation !"Tec 60 CCR Instructor t 1SFSFRVJTJUFT PADI Tec 60 CCR Course Support Materials Include: Requirements for this level are still in Diver (or qualifying certi"cation t PADI Tec 100 CCR Diver Manual development. from another training organization). t PADI Tec 100 CCR Diver Lesson Experience requirements are still in Guides Course Support Materials Include: development. t PADI Tec 100 CCR Diver Instruc- t PADI Tec 60 CCR Diver Manual t 3BUJPT In development tor Guide t PADI Tec 60 CCR Diver Lesson t &RVJQNFOU As required by Gen- t PADI Tec 100 CCR Diver Exams Guides eral Standards and the environment; t PADI Tec 60 CCR Diver Instructor Type T CCR listed by PADI with Certi"cation is unit speci"c. Di!erent Guide o!board diluent loop supply and Type T units may be used by students in t PADI Tec 60 CCR Diver Exams o!board enriched air/oxygen supply the same course provided the instructor is capability, tec equipment as listed in quali"ed as a Tec 100 CCR Instructor on Certi"cation is unit speci"c. Di!erent instructor guide all units in use. Type T units may be used by students in t (BTFT Air, hypoxic and nonhypoxic the same course provided the instructor trimix or heliox diluent; oxygen; >> For updates and continuing informa- is quali"ed as a Tec 60 CCR Instructor diluent and enriched air for bail- tion about the PADI Rebreather Diver and on all units in use. out gases Tec CCR Diver courses, visit the TecRec blog t %FQUIT Maximum depth not to at www.padi.com/tecrecblog.

Offer Conservation as well as the activities it will include. For example, Opportunities with PADI Spe- the AWARE – Fish Iden- cialty Courses tification and AWARE – Conserva- Prepare your divers to participate in your environmental proj- tion courses may be ects by offering related PADI Specialty certification courses. particularly applicable Learning new skills and practicing techniques ahead of time will to warm-water expe- enhance their enjoyment of any type of environmental effort, ditions, while Ice Diver be it a beach cleanup or a whale shark identification expedition. and Diver pro- Also, consider offering an entire PADI Master Scuba Diver pro- vide important skills for gram designed to create divers who are environmentally aware projects that take place and ready for action. in more demanding cold- Start with the Project AWARE Specialist course to provide a water conditions. If your good base for any environmental effort, then add courses spe- underwater cleanup includes a wreck dive, then Wreck Diver and cific to diver interest or specific projects, such as the Digital Underwater Navigator certifications will be especially useful. Underwater Photographer course – it’s not just about beauty In a sense, any PADI Specialty course will help prepare divers shots. Have your divers take conservation shots and show the for a conservation project simply by increasing their range of dive state of the . These photos can be sub- skills and experiences. So grab your PADI Instructor Manual and mitted to Project AWARE or even marinephotobank.org. Other keeping conservation in mind, take a fresh look at the list of stan- courses applicable to nearly any underwater effort include Peak dardized PADI Specialty courses. The better prepared divers are Performance Buoyancy, National Geographic Diver and Under- to participate in volunteer opportunities, the more they’ll enjoy water Naturalist. the experience. That means they’ll keep coming back for more Consider the environment in which the project will take place courses, more projects and more fun.

66 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 TRAINING: GEAR

TALKING TEC Customers who get additional training and step up to tec diving need appropriate MY A

L equipment. Here’s a guide to some of the latest tec gear offerings by manufacturers. A ME/

A BY DARYL CARSON ERFR

AT s tec diving has moved from the fringe of the dive world into ities they’re looking for in their gear. Simply put, divers who venture E: W E:

IT the mainstream of the sport, equipment designed for the beyond the boundaries of recreational diving are looking for redun- OS

PP tec crowd has flourished. Many dive center shelves sport dancy, dependability and performance. Each item of gear featured ; O ; I A LL at least a token offering of this gear, from twin-cylinder BCD rigs to a on the following pages adds one or more of these qualities to the tec A G

A trimix-capable computer or a high-end canister light. But really tap- diver’s kit. What does it mean for you? Understanding these attri- NC

DA ping into this part of the dive-equipment market requires a working butes and being knowledgeable about these products will help dive Y AT

K knowledge of the unique challenges tec divers face and the capabil- center and resort staff meet the needs of tec divers.>>

67 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 TRAINING: GEAR

MINI3 LED TORCH Features: This compact LED light runs on three AAA batteries and puts out a tightly concentrated 210-lumen beam. It delivers four hours of burn time. Benefits: The anodized aluminum body and double O-ring seal of the Mini3 make it highly durable, both in terms of depth and surviving the hard knocks on the boat deck. Its concentrated beam is excellent for use as a spotlight and the use of easily sourced AAA batteries makes it a great travel companion. Closing the Sale: Hollis has done a good job of delivering a tec-worthy light at an unbelievably reasonable price. Communicating this great value will help divers see this as a true utility light. USD; hollisgear.com

IST SPORTS DOLPHIN TEC JT65D BCD Features: A dual-bladder, rear-mount air cell is paired with a stainless back- plate and padded harness. Contoured shoulders have quick-release buckles and weight-integrated pockets are mounted at the hips. Benefits: Redundant, 29 kilogram/65-pound lift air cells provide peace of mind at depth and the included bungees aid streamlining. The deluxe style har- ness boosts comfort. Closing the Sale: Divers get total tec capability while retaining a few creature comforts, like weight pockets for single-tank dives. istsports.com

VR TECHNOLOGIES VRX COMPUTER Features: The VRx, with its VGM algorithm, auto- matically adjusts to match a diver’s profile for optimal decompression and handles everything from enriched air to trimix to rebreather diving. In addition, users can adjust multiple conservatism factors. Also notable are a high-resolution display screen, built-in light and a replaceable, rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. Benefits: The VRx software’s ability to handle mul- tiple gasses as well as open- and closed-circuit diving means divers won’t outgrow this computer.The VRx is intensely practical, with an easy viewing screen and multiple battery-charging options. Closing the Sale: The VRx will fit the needs of any tec diver, but it’s probably best targeted to serious tec divers. Emphasizing the ability to tailor the comput- er’s algorithm to personal needs will really appeal to this crowd. technologyindepth.com TEK 3 REGULATOR SET Features: The Tek 3 first stages have been designed specifically for use with twin-tank configurations, with dedicated left- and right-hand orienta- tions. In the complete set they’re paired with XTX50 first stages, which have left/right reversibility and feature diver-adjustable venturi and inhalation resistance controls. Benefits: Apeks first stages offer excellent cold-water performance and the unique configuration of the Tek 3s allow for effortless streamlining, help- ing to prevent snags in overhead environments. High-performance second stages also offer the versatility of diver-changeable exhaust tees. Closing the Sale: The dedicated left/right first stages and left/right reversibility of the second stages make these regulators highly versatile and really take the hassle out of gear configuration. aqualung.com

68 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 DIVE RITE NITEK Q Features: A brilliant OLED display OMS REBEL HEAD LAMP and two-gas nitrox capability are stan- Features: A single high-intensity LED puts out more than dard with the NiTek Q, but it can be 200 lumens of light using four AAA batteries. It uses a low- upgraded to handle full trimix (seven friction twist activation with a magnetic reed switch and can gases) and to support rebreather div- be used with a headband or optional Goodman wristband. Burn ing. A rechargeable battery provides time is 25 hours or 60 hours on flashing SOS mode. 30 hours of dive time, and the MIL-SPEC Benefits: The 200-lumen output makes an excellent work hard-anodized housing helps provide a light and is sufficient as a backup for navigation. Rugged con- 150 metre/492-foot depth rating. struction gives this light a depth rating of 100 metres/330 feet, Benefits: The NiTek’s OLED display and it offers multiple mounting options. makes viewing easy under the toughest Closing the Sale: Tec divers will understand this headlamp conditions, plus the system’s software provides a high-quality redundant system. Emphasizing its can be upgraded. versatility and ease of maintenance (using standard AAA bat- Closing the Sale: Dive Rite’s stellar teries) should seal the deal omsdive.com reputation will go a long way, as well as explaining that owning the NiTek pre- pares budding tec divers for a nearly unlimited future. diverite.com I (2) I LL A G

A WHITES DIVING FUSION BULLET NC

DA Features: The Fusion system marries a waterproof inner layer with a high-stretch Y

AT outer abrasion-resistant layer to produce an incredibly form-fitting suit. Whites’ Seal K ;

ES Lock Technology (SLT) and silicone seals allow divers to replace seals as needed. I Benefits: The Fusion system gives divers the warmth of a dry suit with the perfor- mance, fit and mobility of a wet suit. The SLT system means divers can replace seals ECHNOLOG

T at the dive site if one tears or snags rather than missing a dive. VR Closing the Sale: The real benefit of the Fusion suits is that they provide a stream- ESY T lined profile and easy swimming. Tec divers already laden down with gear will

COUR appreciate this more than anyone whitesdiving.com I; I; LL A G A NC DA Y

AT SCUBAPRO X-TEK PURE TEK K : :

E Features: Available with either a 14- IT

OS kilogram/30-pound lift wing for single PP

O tanks or a 27-kilogram/60-pound lift wing I; I; LL

A for doubles, the X-Tek Pure Tek air cells are G

A paired with a stainless backplate, continu- NC

DA ous harness, multiple D-rings and a single Y

AT tank adapter with supercinch straps. K

(2); (2); Benefits: The stainless backplate and LE continuous harness deliver stability and ITT WH

durability with a minimum of bulk. The

JON heavy-duty harness and D-rings can be I; I;

LL configured to accommodate any setup. A G

A Closing the Sale: This is Scubapro’s NC version of the basic BCD system tec divers DA Y have used for decades. Buyers should know AT K

T: T: iit provides durability and streamlining and LEF can be infinitely customized to handle one,

FROM two, four or more tanks. scubapro.com

69 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 TRAINING: TEACHING TIPS TEACHING TRAINING: 1 O Test your knowledge about the PADI More people in the world begin diving via a. d. Open Water Diver course instructional instructional Watercourse DiverOpen c. b. B tor or more experienced, challenge yourtor moreor experienced,challenge the PADI Open Water Diver Course than how well you do! any other. Whether you are a new instruc savvy savvy and brush up on a few practices. See Y JULIE Why is it important to get new student Because they are coming to you to go Some potential divers may not yet be divers in the water as soon as possible? Diving experience may cinch their their cinch may experience Diving It increases motivation and interest. e bulk of learning toofdive !happens bulk learning e in the water. decision. diving, not just talk about it. fully committed; a Discover Scuba Scuba Discover a committed; fully PEN T AYLOR W S ANDERS, ATER I NTERNATIONAL 70 - D O E H T 2 a. a. c. e. b. course enrollments, be sure to: program to increase Open WaterDiverOpen increase to program pen IVER Itisn’t seekers thrill mostimportant; Upon completion of the Discover Discover the of completion Upon Give credit when due – Record ConRecordGivecreditwhendue– ned" Water Dive 1 and/or the Discover AI Lann gf passes/mate gift eLearning PADI Referral Form and Training Record. Scuba Diver open water dive on a PADI Scuba Diving program, set up the the up set program, Diving Scuba prefer delayed "grati cation. program participants with the forms, forms, the with participants program they want to try some ; if if someskills; scuba try towant they ned water, ask participants if water,nedif con" participantsIn ask skills skills “just for fun.” so,introduce ned" Con Water Dive 1 When using the PADI Discover Scuba Diving experience as a recruitment recruitment a as experience Diving A E S R E D N U W ater Diver T RAINING L A N R U O J C C OURSE E ourse XECUTIVE, R E T R A U Q D R I H T PADI 2011 - -

W QUIZ? ORLDWIDE 3

d. d. c. b. a. Is a required "cationcerti prerequisite Has no expiration and can be upgraded .!e PADI Scuba Diver "cationcerti Is a great way to dive gain experience Tell participants that this is just the the just is this that Tellparticipants Is a good option particularly when stu rials they need, make assignments assignments make need, they rials course requirements. dentdivers don’t have a lot of time to to Open WaterOpento at"cation Diver certi to the Open Water Diver course. book open water dives. beginning of their dive adventure. any time by completing the rest of the and con"dence under supervision. and nedschedule " the water next con session. -

KARL SHREEVES True or False: To save some time and Specialty activities pique curiosity and give the diver credit for four spe- 4get divers in the water quicker at the 10 and generate excitement in diving. cialty dives and Open Water Diver con!ned water site, you can set up student Which of the following specialty ideas can Course Dive Four. scuba units for them in advance. you use in concert with the PADI Open d. If you are a PADI Specialty Course Water Diver course? Instructor for the relevant specialty When a student diver exhibits signs of a. Allow your divers to use cameras or course, conduct any one of these 5 fear when practicing a skill in con!ned !sh identi!cation slates when they courses concurrent with the PADI water, which points provide the best setup are exploring the dive site, as long Open Water Diver course: Peak Per- for positive learning? as they put them away during skills formance Buoyancy, Project AWARE a. Ask the student diver what is caus- demonstrations. Specialist, AWARE – Coral Reef ing the anxiety, don’t assume that you b. Conduct an Adventure Dive after Open Conservation, Enriched Air Diver, know. Water Dive Four. Digital Underwater Photographer b. Be patient, deliberate and calm. c. Conduct Open Water Diver Course Level One, National Geographic c. Go slowly, at the student diver’s pace, Dive Four from a boat, on a wreck, Diver, Altitude Diver, Boat Diver, not yours. while drifting and wearing a dry suit Dry Suit Diver. d. Take the skill in sub steps, reassuring the diver along the way. e. Develop and nurture con!dence in that skill before going to a new skill. Besides entertainment value, in what way do these underwater games reinforce 11 speci!c diving skills and principles? (Match game to value) True or false: Assuming there are no 6 safety issues, it is always best to swiftly Team relays (such as spoon/ A novelty to most, it reinforces three- correct a diver as soon as you see a skill ping pong ball) dimensional movement performed incorrectly. Mask swaps Reinforces skills already introduced True or false: It’s important to list all by following instructor step-by-step 7 the mistakes student divers might make with a skill when you are brie!ng it Do as I do Builds teamwork, buddy signals, so that they are more likely to avoid them. instinctive performance and skill recall "ere are no “staged” skills on Open 8 Water Dive 1, because: Shallow water swim (no Reinforces mask removal/replace- a. It eases the transition from con!ned touching pool sides, bottom ment skills while trying new masks water to open water by reducing task or surfacing) loading and allowing for acclimation to the new environment. Skill combination drill in Divers have to control buoyancy b. Regardless of whether or not there are teams and swim methodically while set skills, to dive, student divers will concentrating. be practicing skills such as buoyancy control, descent/ascents, equalization, Underwater headstands Reinforces care for the environment swimming underwater, etc. when diving in sensitive areas c. It motivates continued learning and interest. ANSWERS: than the proper way to carry out already introduced by following d. Instructors need a break from conduct- 1. a, b, c, d. the skill. instructor step-by-step 2. a, b, c, d. Shallow water swim (no ing skills. 3. a, b, d. 8. a and b. If you checked “c,” touching pool sides, bottom or that’s okay too. surfacing) – Reinforces care for 4. True. Student divers must the environment when diving in “Explore the dive site” is a requirement independently assemble and 9. b, c, d. If you checked “a,” sensitive areas disassemble a scuba unit at give yourself an extra point. Skill combination drill in 9 for each open water dive, because: least three times by the end of teams – Builds teamwork, a. Student divers may discover unknown Confined Water Dive 3 and five 10. a, b, d. If you checked “c,” buddy signals, instinctive per- times before the end of Con- nice try. Reread “Open Water formance and skill recall artifacts valuable to science. fined Water Dive 5. Diver Course to Specialty Underwater headstands – A Diver Courses” under “Linking novelty to most, it reinforces b. Diving is all about exploration, so they 5. a, b, c, d, e Courses” in the "General Stan- three-dimensional movement dards and Procedures Instructor should be experiencing that during 6. False. As long as safety is not Guide" of the PADI Instructor HOW DID YOU DO? training. an issue, student divers benefit Manual. 11 correct: You rock! from making mistakes and self- 7-10 correct: Way to go! c. While student divers explore the site, correction, and from you coaching 11. Team relays (such as 6 correct: Not too bad, but you them after they’ve had a chance spoon/ping pong ball) – Div- better brush up on PADI Stan- they are continually practicing and pol- to work through it on their own. ers have to control buoyancy dards before you teach this ishing their overall dive skills. and swim methodically while course next time. 7. False. Briefings should be brief concentrating 5 or less correct: Time to see d. It shifts focus from staged skills to the and reinforce the objectives Mask swaps – Reinforces your PADI Course Director for and value. Focusing on pitfalls mask removal/replacement an update! environment and what they signed up of an improperly executed skill skills while trying new masks for in the !rst place. can emphasize pitfalls, rather Do as I do – Reinforces skills

71 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 AROUN TEC X Tec Xplor Days introduce div Tec Xplor events, Rebreather Forum 3.0 and the PADI Technical Diving Division in Action PADI TEC well bysupported PADI experience tec diving equip equipment manufacturers and events have been extremely equipment and seminars. ers to technical dive training, and the United States. The Instructors and technical dive ment in a pool, chat with the region, the United Kingdom Launched inLaunched late 2010, PADI taken place in the Asia Pacific have let hundreds of divers Tec Xplor days have already P LOR D A YS D

- T - N HE Jeff Loflin, Jeff Jill Martin Heinerth, Consultants for the upcom experts, and get experts, individual ers ers from the PADI Technical advice from some of the big gest names in the field. some PADI Technical Field Robson and Phil Short. Presenters have also included Karl Shreeves and Vikki Batten. Drew Richardson, Mark Caney, Diving Division, such as Dr. these free and informative ing rebreather courses such as EWS To find out more about Each Each event features speak W 72 E H T ORL A A E S R E D N U N D D - L A N R U O J - -

E and Alex Boulton entire realm of rebreather events – along with the latest R 2012 3.0 3.0 com/tecrecblog. respectively, and DSAT pub Rebreather Forum These 2. Rebreather Forums 1 and 2 took place in 1994 and 1996, the TecRec Blog at tec diving news – check out forums covered nearly the lished the proceedings of VEN EBRE R E T R A U Q D R I H T I S BI AT G HER N T EWS FOR S

— 2011 F www.padi. Vikki Batten Vikki Batten Tony Read, Diving; Mike Mike Diving; Pressure Ambient Read, Tony Division; Danny Barber, Divewise. Barber, Danny Division; Diving Fowler, Al right, to left From ing ing ORUM

S ystems; Vikki Batten, PADI Technical Diving Diving PADI Technical Batten, Vikki ystems; S S ystems; ystems; - ilent Diving; Marcus Benér, Poseidon Poseidon Benér, Marcus Diving; ilent S currently moving into the div changed dramatically since and training. rebreathers themselves have management. ment testing and risk maintenance, sport maintenance,diver sport that time. Rebreathers are training, physiology, equip training, military rebreather the time, including rebreather improvements in technology ing mainstream due largely to knowledge and interest at verker Palmblad, Poseidon Div Poseidon Palmblad, verker The dive industry and Rebreather Forum 3.0 is W right, VR Technologies; Technologies; VR right, - - -

KARL SHREEVES (2) scheduled from 18-20 May Team have been guiding devel- from Ambient Pressure Diving, asts, manufacturers, trainers 2012 in Orlando, Florida, USA. opment. The PADI Rebreather Poseidon Diving Systems and and explorers. This year, the The primary forces behind this Advisory Team is also involved VR Technologies in Malta for a conference hosted more than event are PADI, DAN and the in course review and testing. week of testing and trials along 40 international speakers who AAUS and the event will pro- In addition, the Techni- with a photo shoot. covered a wide range of topics, vide a unique opportunity for cal Field Consultants are a During April and May, the including medical concerns for experts to discuss the many group of experts in areas of courses were tested to iron open-circuit and closed-circuit aspects of rebreather diving rebreather diving, including out the last few wrinkles and rebreather divers, rebreather and help advance the science design and manufacture, phys- gather valuable information manufacturing and develop- and sport of rebreather diving. iology, from both divers and instruc- ment, wreck hunting, cave — Vikki Batten and training. This prestigious tors. Martin Robson, assisted diving and exploration. group includes Professor by Vikki Batten, taught the The PADI Technical Diving REBREATHER COURSE , Terrence first PADI Rebreather Diver Division staff gave a number DEVELOPMENT AND Tysall, Martin Robson, Richard Course to Rich Somerset. The of the talks: TESTING Pyle, , Phil Short newly trained diver said, “I Mark Caney, Vice Pres- When it comes to course and Kevin Gurr. am confident and keen to use ident of the Technical development and testing, the Several rebreather man- the unit, which is probably the Diving Division and Director PADI staff don’t rely just on ufacturers have also been clearest indication that the of Rebreather Technologies, internal expertise. The devel- instrumental in course devel- program was successful.”— discussed the development opment team frequently opment, generously sharing Vikki Batten and focus of PADI Rebreather consults outside experts who their time and expertise. courses. assist by reviewing the course As a culmination of this PADI TEC REC TAKES Terry Cummins, Techni- content. development and testing ON OZTEK 2011 cal Diving Division Director The upcoming release of process, PADI Rebreather OZTek, held in Sydney, Aus- of Marketing Development PADI rebreather courses is Advisory Team members tralia in March, is the southern and Danny Dwyer, Director of no exception as experts from Karl Shreeves and Vikki Bat- hemisphere’s premier event Marketing at PADI Asia Pacific, the PADI Rebreather Advisory ten joined representatives for technical diving enthusi- discussed the marketing approach to TecRec training and the recently announced PADI TecRec Dive Centre award. Richard Evans, Manager of Quality and Risk Manage- ment at PADI Asia Pacific and Caney also covered the neces- sity for diver safety as the primary mission in both rec- reational and technical diving. — Alex Boulton

From left to right, back row, Tony Read, Ambient Pressure Diving; Vikki Batten, PADI Technical Diving Division; Sverker Palmblad, Posei- don Diving Systems; Mike Fowler, Silent Diving; Marcus Benér, Posei- don Diving Systems; Karl Shreeves, PADI Technical Diving Division; Al Wright, VR Technologies

73 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 TRAVEL

Giving Back Through Voluntourism HOW TO ADD OCEAN CONSERVATION AND COMMUNITY PROJECTS TO YOUR GROUP DIVE TRAVEL VACATIONS

BY BROOKE MORTON

74 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 IMAGEDEPOTPRO/ISTOCKPHOTO 75 E H T A E S R E D N U L A N R U O J R E T R A U Q D R I H T 2011 TRAVEL

he average person does not have a direct Her giving goal? To foster a meaningful connection link to the ocean, other than what they between her trip guests and the local community. “T eat,” says Marc Bauman, Director of Sales “We have turned our trips from summer vacations and Marketing at Palau Sea Ventures, also known as into life-altering experiences,” she says. Sam’s Tours. Regardless of who or what you choose to help, “Because divers know !rst-hand how delicate the volunteering opportunities can easily be added to marine environment is, it’s my belief we have a respon- an upcoming trip — with a little forethought and sibility to give back,” he says. planning. Many divers already honor that unspoken obli- gation, participating in beach cleanups and other ASK QUESTIONS give-back opportunities organized by their home- Ask yourself how much time you would like to devote town dive centers and resorts. to a project, suggests Nathan Cook, PADI IDC Sta# But imagine how much good this untapped Instructor at Eco Koh Tao, an environmental aware- resource could generate if applied overseas on your ness and action group in "ailand. Also consider what next dive trip. level of dive experience is required to get involved. “"ey’re almost always available, but many dive Some projects, such as beach cleanups, are ideal for shops don’t advertise voluntourism opportunities,” any group, whereas something such as a coral restora- Bauman says, adding that he hopes greater numbers tion project is often better suited for advanced divers. of group leaders will start inquiring. However, Cook points out these advanced projects Margo Peyton, trip organizer and owner of Kids can always bene!t from another set of hands, regard- Sea Camp, has been creating these opportunities for less of dive ability. years. She advocates reaching out to help not only “Even if it is observation and handling materials — beaches but schools, hospitals and other facilities in it all helps,” he says. COURTESY PADI; OPPOSITE, CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: TANYA BURNETT; BURNETT; TANYA LEFT: FROM CLOCKWISE OPPOSITE, PADI; COURTESY the community in need. CAMP SEA KIDS COURTESY KANDEL/ISTOCKPHOTO; JASON

76 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 THE STAFF STEERED HER TOWARD THE ISLAND’S BLUE IGUA- NAS, AN ENDANGERED SPECIES. PEYTON TOOK HER GUESTS TO THE ANIMAL’S SANCTU- ARY TO HELP RAISE AWARENESS.”

At left: Planting coral in the Florida Keys. Below: Ron Stevens working with kids attending the Fiji Kids Sea Camp. Opposite page: Sam’s Tours’ International Beach- Clean-Up Day on Ngemelis, Palau.

DECIDE WHOM OR WHAT YOU’D LIKE TO HELP experience local culture, meet In addition to considering the interests of your group, the people and understand Peyton suggests talking with the dive center or resort what their presence means to you’ll be visiting and asking them to identify ocean con- local kids. Second, we want to servation opportunities or other community needs. give local kids the chance to be When Peyton recently planned a trip to Grand part of what people come from Cayman, she asked the dive center she was partnering around the world to enjoy.” with, “What is in danger? What is being overlooked?” Peyton also points out, !e sta" steered her toward the island’s blue igua- “Most of the PADI Dive nas, an endangered species. Peyton took her guests to Resorts I work with are giving the animal’s sanctuary to help raise awareness. Artist back to local programs already. Ron Stevens, a Kids Sea Camp regular, led a painting You can always add to what workshop in local schools, explaining to the kids how they’re doing.” their art would help the island. !e children’s works !e opportunities are as varied as the destinations were then auctioned to help raise $20,000 US to help themselves. All across the globe, PADI Dive Centers save the island’s blue iguanas and Resorts are involved in targeted projects that ben- On more remote islands, she searches for organiza- e#t the environment and their local community. tions, such as schools, orphanages and hospitals that will open their doors to her guests. !en she con- PADI DIVING SOCIETY IN PALAU tacts these places directly to ask for a list of supplies “We were $ying home on International Beach Clean- they need. She then distributes this list to her trip Up Day,” says Ajá Smith, PADI Americas Marketing participants. Consultant. Not wanting to miss the event, she “When we bring families to a particular destination, started planning with Marc Bauman of Sam’s Tours COURTESY PADI; OPPOSITE, CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: TANYA BURNETT; BURNETT; TANYA LEFT: FROM CLOCKWISE OPPOSITE, PADI; COURTESY JASON KANDEL/ISTOCKPHOTO; COURTESY KIDS SEA CAMP SEA KIDS COURTESY KANDEL/ISTOCKPHOTO; JASON we want two things,” Peyton says. “We want guests to to host an event the day prior to their departure. But

77 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 TRAVEL

Smith was worried that Palau was too clean — from packet, she stressed that the day would also include what she had seen, the island nation seemed largely time to these little-seen reefs, as well as bar- unspoiled. beque and explore the shores that they would clean. Bauman, an avid camper, suggested an out-of-the- #e group collected 22 bags of rubbish. But they way private island, known as Ngemelis, which could hadn’t anticipated an added bene!t of the day. bene!t from their e"orts. Due to its position along a “Too often during these dive trips, you’re underwa- popular boating channel, garbage had been collect- ter or at the resort,” she says. By partnering with the ing on its shores. civic action team, “they gave us a whole new insight Bauman also suggested that the group partner into what it’s like to live on Palau.” with the Palau Civic Action Team, also known as the Naval Mobile Construction Battalion. On ECO KOH TAO IN THAILAND island, the group is known for their work building Many dive centers are involved with ongoing projects fences for local schools as well that can bene!t from additional hands. Eco Koh Tao, as !rehouses. an organization specializing in eco-tourism on #ai- Bauman set to work orga- land’s Koh Tao, has created what it calls Junkyard nizing the necessary permits. Reef. #is project serves double-duty: Nathan Cook Like the relationship between and his team members collect recyclable materials, and Borneo, this which serve as the building blocks for constructing island requires special permis- an arti!cial habitat. sion to visit. “Creating arti!cial reefs speci!cally as training areas Smith added the event to the has become a high priority for us simply because of group’s itinerary, branding it the sheer number of divers on Koh Tao at any one as the Bon Voyage Party. “We time,” Cook says of the stress these sites absorb, which made it about the appeal of this reduces the stress on nearby living coral reefs. island,” she says. In the welcome #is area has also become important to the sci-

Above: Theresa Kaplan, PADI Diving Society Director, at the event on Ngemelis. Right: Junk- yard Reef, Thailand. Opposite page: Kids Sea Camp, Grand Cay- man: By selling artwork, the kids saved several turtles slated for soup.

JUNKYARD REEF HAS BROUGHT NEW SPE- CIES TO KOH TAO, AND IT’S NOW HOME TO A WIDE VARIETY OF MARINE LIFE NOT REGU- LARLY SEEN ELSEWHERE AROUND THE ISLAND.” CREDITS

NEED

78 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 enti!c research that Cook’s organization conducts. each had to share something that represented his “Junkyard Reef has brought new species to Koh Tao,” or her day-to-day life. "e American kids showed he says. “It’s now home to a wide variety of marine life iPods, Nintendos and other electronics, whereas the not regularly seen elsewhere around the island.” Fijian kids shared wooden toys and kites fashioned from tarp. "e Fijian kids also taught the group their KIDS SEA CAMP IN FIJI dances, songs and games. One project that Peyton treasures is her work with the “A lot of times when we travel, we don’t get beyond Malolo school of Fiji. As part of her pre-trip research, she the surface,” Peyton says. “But on this trip, the Amer- talked with the schoolmaster and together they decided icans experienced a di#erent culture, one without that her group would visit the school for !ve hours. air-conditioning and water running from taps.” Prior to the visit, she also worked with the schoolmaster “My hope is that when these kids are back home to create a list of sporting goods, art supplies and other brushing their teeth, that maybe they will think about materials that would bene!t the school, and shared this the child they met in Fiji and how far he walks to get list with her guests. "ey arrived bearing soccer balls, water, and they’ll realize how precious [water] is.” !eld-hockey equipment and other items. "ese projects don’t happen haphazardly. Planning To help educate the kids about their reefs, Peyton is key to adding a voluntourism element to a group’s and the Mamanuca Environment Society (MES) dive vacation. spoke to the group about the importance of preser- vation. (Fiji is one of the biggest exporters of coral for REACH OUT TO THE LOCAL TOURISM BOARD : COURTESY KIDS SEA CAMP; COURTESY ECO KOH TAO (2); COURTESY PADI COURTESY (2); TAO KOH ECO COURTESY CAMP; SEA KIDS COURTESY : aquariums.) Together, she and MES explained how “Tourism boards are usually willing to embrace RIGHT reefs bene!t communities, such as protecting the these projects; they want to give back, too,” Pey- islands from storms. ton says. She adds that they have a great knowledge FROM "e kids — both from the United States and Fiji base and can steer you toward helpful contacts. Plus, — were also asked to write a list of !ve questions to they can help ensure that you work with reputable

CLOCKWISE ask someone from the other location. Additionally, organizations. TRAVEL

Kids Sea Camp, Grand IDENTIFY YOUR STRENGTHS MAKE IT A PARTY Cayman: Teen divers When putting together a voluntourism dive vaca- Most important, make it fun. Bauman suggests leap into the water tion, try to match the strengths and interests of the making it a challenge or a contest. He also recom- from the dive boat. group with a conservation or community need of the mends a party afterward. Besides contributing destination you’re planning to visit. When Peyton On a recent clean-up, he sent a crew down early to local conservation noticed that many of the parents attending Kids Sea to start grilling and setting up so that a celebratory efforts, the kids have a Camp work as doctors, she suggested that they o!er meal was ready immediately following the project. lot of fun, too. their services during their trip to Roatan, Honduras. “Don’t make the activity the focal point,” he says. "e doctors welcomed the idea, bringing medical “Remember that they’re on vacation. "ey’re there supplies. "ey held a free clinic to treat the locals, to have fun.” and also worked with Honduran doctors and nurses to share their knowledge. WORK AN EVENT INTO AN EXISTING ITINERARY BE INCLUSIVE One way to maximize time and money is to work Ask the dive shop you’ll be visiting if they know of an event into a pre-existing schedule, suggests Bau- any local groups or organizations that may want to man. Add a beach cleanup during a surface interval, come participate. Not only will more hands gener- or after lunch. “It doesn’t have to be a stand-alone ate more good, but the added fellowship could lead event,” he says. “If you have 20 people walk the to unforeseen connections. “When we share expe- beach for one hour collecting garbage, you’d be sur-

riences, we all grow,” says Peyton. prised at the amount you come up with.” BETIN/ISTOCKPHOTO UGURHAN OPPOSITE: CAMP; SEA KIDS COURTESY

TRA VEL G U IDE

FIJI also want to time your visit to avoid the cover the duration of the trip (plus a lit- » Getting There: Fiji has two interna- Fijian school holidays; the first lasts two tle extra for emergencies). tional airports to choose from: Nadi weeks and starts in late April. The sec- » Average Water : 26-27° (airport code NAN) and Nausori (airport ond typically starts in mid-August. C/78-81° F code SUV) if you’re staying on the east » Travel Tips: Fijian restaurants offer » Average Visibility: 24 to 37 coast of Viti Levu. a multiethnic culinary experience. Try metres/80 to 120 feet » Best Time to Go: The best time of kokoda, fresh fish served in a half coco- year to visit is during the dry season, nut filled with lolo, the sweet cream of PALAU also known as the Fijian winter, which the coconut. » Getting There: Continental, Asiana, extends from May to October. This time » Money Matters: The Fijian dollar is China, Japan and Delta airways offer is also the most popular, so expect to the official currency. Most restaurants flights to Koror (airport code ROR). pay full-price, with costs peaking in June and resorts accept credit cards. ATMs » Best Time to Go: Visit outside of the and July. The country’s wet season is are common in cities. If you’re headed November to May typhoon season; Feb- from November through April. You’ll to a remote area, bring enough cash to ruary and March are the driest months.

80 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 CONSIDER THE COSTS Bauman also underscores “One of the biggest problems we face is people the importance of up-front thinking that ‘volunteer’ opportunities should explanations. be free,” says Cook. His out!t o"ers intensive “If someone said you had programs lasting from two weeks to a year or lon- to cut the lawn on vacation, ger. #ese opportunities also include instruction, what would your reaction be?” including the PADI Peak Performance Buoyancy he asks Bauman. “If you’re Specialty course, and equipment rental. With so spending $5000 US on a dive much included, Eco Koh Tao adds a price tag; trip, you usually want to get WE EXPLAIN THAT the two-week program costs 36,025 #ai baht, or in as much diving as possi- EVERY WATER BOTTLE, approximately $1191 US. ble. If you ask them if they For one-day opportunities, gas, food and mate- want to get sweaty and clean EVERY BIT OF STYRO- rials need to be considered. However, sometimes a beach, most would rather FOAM THAT WE these costs can be o"set by donations. Another way kayak,” he says. COLLECT HELPS. Bauman helps organize opportunities is by contact- He’s learned that it’s best ” ing local businesses, letting them know how dive to explain the project, its goal groups will help the island. In one instance, the and how it a"ects the com- island guests cleaned a locals’ only beach. (On Palau, munity. Upon learning how beaches are designated for tourists, locals or both). a few hours can impact the destination, most peo- Because this outreach bene!tted the community so ple become eager to help. directly, he was able to gain the support of a grocery “We explain that every water bottle, every bit of store that donated meat for a barbeque, and from a Styrofoam that we collect helps,” he says. “People distributor that donated beverages. get that.”

TRY FUNDRAISING DON’T STOP GIVING WHEN YOU RETURN If you !nd that the costs are greater than anticipated, HOME try fundraising. Consider alternative ways to help. #rough her char- “Ask if people will donate 10 dollars for a project,” itable organization, Ocean Wishes, Peyton raises suggests Peyton. “Just be very clear about what their funds to help kids become scuba certi!ed. She asks money is going toward.” anyone to visit her website, oceanwishes.org, to nominate a deserving youth. EXPLAIN THE PROJECT AHEAD OF TIME TO “I’m generally looking for someone whose family GUESTS couldn’t a"ord a certi!cation, and someone who When Peyton contacts a local school for a list of dreams about doing something with the ocean,” she supplies, for example, she includes that list in her says. documents package, sent to every trip participant. After she’s found the lucky 13 winners each year, She also sends an itinerary that details what the vol- she sends a check to their local dive shop to cover unteer project will entail. the course costs.

The chance of windy and rainy days THAILAND » Travel Tips: Thailand is popular increases June through October. » Getting There: Visit Koh Tao, in the with the budget-conscious backpack- » Travel Tips: Make time to do the Gulf of Thailand, year-round, but know ing crowd because it’s possible to tour famed encounter at Jellyfish Lake, but that the coldest time to visit is Novem- vast parts of it inexpensively and pub- wear sturdy shoes to make the hike ber through February. February and lic transportation is cheap. Visit at least down the rocky path to the lake and March are the warmest months on one of the country’s strikingly beautiful wash off any harmful sunscreen before Koh Tao, and November is typically the temples, which are a blend of the exotic entering the water. wettest. Whale sharks and mantas con- and the spiritual. » Money Matters: The official currency gregate in March and April. » Money Matters: The official currency in Palau is the US dollar and tipping is » Best Time to Go: Avoid visiting dur- in Thailand is the baht. not expected. ing Thai holidays, including the Songkran » Average Water Temperature: 26-31° » Average Water Temperature: 29° Festival in mid-April, the King’s birthday C/78-88° F C/84° F on 5 December and New Year’s — unless » Average Visibility: 18 to 30 » Average Visibility: 30 metres/100 feet you like to mingle with large crowds. metres/60 to 100 feet

81 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 TrainingBULLETIN A Training and Education Update for PADI Members Worldwide THIRD QUARTER 2011 Product No. 01224

In This Issue. . . PADI eCard 2

Peak Performance Buoyancy Revised 2

Self-Reliant Diver Forms 2

PADI Rebreather Courses Launch 3

Rebreather Diving FAQs 5

PADI Standards Changes 5

Pros’ Site Multilingual Log in Help 6

Training FAQ 7

Revised EFR Primary and Secondary Care Materials 8

Training Bulletin Required Reading This update is the primary training communication from your PADI Office to you. It announces PADI training standards and procedures changes and their implementation date. Your PADI Membership commitment requires you to keep abreast of PADI standards by reviewing and putting into practice the information in this quarterly update.

The Training Bulletin is published quarterly by PADI, Professional Association of Diving Instructors 30151 Tomas, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688 USA +1 949 858 7234

© PADI 2011 All rights reserved New and Revised PADI eCard PADI Members can combine the power of smartphone technology when certifying divers with the release of the PADI eCard, an electronic version of the PADI certification card. PADI eCard is hosted, managed and displayed using the PADI App, initially accessible on Apple and Android smartphones. Development for other operating systems will fol- low. The PADI eCard is proof of certification. Security of the eCard is a primary concern, so QR coding (a specific, two-dimensional code) is integrated to make authentication straightforward and easy. Initially, the eCard will be available through Replacement Card Online only. Divers obtaining a replacement card will have the choice of an eCard, a plastic card or both. In addition, PADI Members can use PIC Online credits to sell eCards to existing PADI Div- ers through the Online Processing Center on the PADI Pros’ Site. All PADI Members will receive a free PADI eCard for their highest core level (includ- ing Course Director and IDC Staff Instructor) as a 2012 membership renewal benefit. The eCard will be available for replacement cards to consumers in fourth quarter 2011. PADI eCard development resets the bar for positive identification certification delivery while embracing environmental stewardship by reducing the amount of plastic, paper and transportation used to deliver certifi- cations to divers.

Peak Performance Buoyancy Revised The Peak Performance Buoyancy specialty course is PADI’s fourth most popular specialty course. This year, the instructor guide and video were revised and updated, and now there is a new manual to accompany the course. In addition to techniques and reminders about how divers can help care for the environment through diving performance, the course now provides information on buoyancy control for divers using semi-closed and closed circuit rebreathers. Revised English products include the Peak Performance Buoyancy Specialty Instructor Guide (70236), Peak Performance Buoyancy Video (70858), the new Peak Performance Buoyancy Manual (79315), and the Peak Performance Buoyancy crew-pak with DVD (60177). Contact your PADI Regional Headquarters to order these materials.

Self-Reliant Diver Forms The PADI Self-Reliant Diver distinctive specialty certified divers who choose to dive alone through course announced in last quarter’s Training Bulletin, your dive operation. The diver’s choice to do so and includes a course-specific release – the PADI Self-Re- assumption of the risk is acknowledged by a signa- liant Diver Course Liability Release and Assumption ture on the Self-Reliant Diver Liability Release and of Risk Agreement (10337). Have divers review and Assumption of Risk Agreement (10155). Find the complete this form at the beginning of the PADI form on the Pros’ Site, Training Essentials/Forms Self-Reliant Diver distinctive specialty course. To and Applications. download the specialty instructor guide and the re- If you have questions about liability releases for lease, go to the Pros’ Site: Training Essentials/Curric- training and nontraining activities, contact your ulum/Diver Training/Specialty courses. The release is PADI Regional Headquarters. For PADI’s position in the instructor guide appendix, and also found in on diving without a partner, please visit References/ Forms and Applications in Training Essentials. Topics of Interest on the PADI Pros’ Site. In addition, there is a new release you can use for

Page 2 Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 Rebreather PADI Rebreather Courses Launch Announced in late 2010, PADI Closed Circuit Rebreather (CCR) courses are in development, with the introduction of recreational rebreather courses scheduled for the third quarter 2011, and tec-level rebreather programs debuting over the remainder of the year and into 2012. An overview of the recreational courses fol- lows, with the caveat that there is still potential for change following BETA testing. The PADI Rebreather Diver and Advanced Rebreather Diver courses train divers for recreational diving with Type R (recreational) rebreathers, which are fully automated systems. These systems, which are fully electronically controlled, are referred to as eCCRs or eSCRs. Divers using these units respond to all serious rebreather problems by bailing out to open-circuit scuba and ending the dive. Training focuses on this, as well as rebreather-related predive setup, checks, planning, buoyancy and post dive maintenance.

PADI Rebreather Diver PADI Advanced Rebreather Diver Trains divers new to rebreathers on Type R (rec- Trains PADI Rebreather Divers to make no stop dives reational) rebreathers to a maximum depth of 18 with Type R rebreathers as deep as 30 metres/100 feet metres/60 feet. (40 metres/130 feet with PADI Deep Diver certifica- Minimum Instructor Rating: PADI Rebreather Instructor tion). Prerequisites: PADI Open Water Diver, PADI Minimum Instructor Rating: PADI Rebreather Instructor Enriched Air Diver (or qualifying certifica- Prerequisites: PADI Open Water Diver, PADI tions), 25 logged dives, 18 years old Rebreather Diver (or qualifying certifica- Ratios: 4:1; 6:1 with certified assistant tions), certification in Type R rebreather used in course, 30 logged dives, 18 years old. Equipment: As required by General Standards and the environment; Type R rebreather listed by Exit Requirement: PADI Advanced Open Water Diver your PADI Regional Headquarters Ratios: 4:1; 6:1 with certified assistant Gases: Air diluent; oxygen; EANx allowed if speci- Equipment: As required by General Standards and the fied by manufacturer (EANx required for environment; Type R rebreather listed by eSCRs) PADI Regional Headquarters; bailout cylin- Depth: Maximum depth not to exceed 18 metres/60 der with at least 850 litres/30 cubic feet of feet. Individual dives have differing mini- free gas with open circuit regulator, rigging mum and maximum depths. for attachment to the diver and hose of suf- ficient length to share gas with another diver. Minimum Number of Dives: 1 confined water, 1 con- fined or open water, 4 open water (6 total) Gases: Air diluent; oxygen; EANx as specified by manufacturer (EANx required for eSCRs) Depth: Maximum depth not to exceed 30 metres/100 feet. Individual dives have differing mini- mum and maximum depths. Minimum Number of Dives: 1 confined water, 4 open water (5 total)

The courses are unit specific – divers qualify on individual rebreathers separately. The PADI Rebreather Qualifier program allows certified Rebreather and Advanced Rebreather Divers to qualify for a different unit without repeating the entire course. Complete a PIC Online for each unit on which the diver completes training.

Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 Page 3 Rebreather

Course Support Materials PADI Rebreather Instructor • PADI Rebreather Diver and Advanced Rebreather Trainer Diver Manual PADI Course Directors/Tec Rec Instructor Train- • PADI Rebreather Diver and Advanced Rebreather ers who are PADI Rebreather Instructors and want Diver Instructor Guide to qualify to teach PADI Rebreather Instructor • Rebreather Diver and Advanced Rebreather Diver courses take the PADI Rebreather Instructor Trainer Lesson Guides Course. To find out more, go to the Pros’ Site/Pro • PADI Rebreather Diver and PADI Advanced Development/TecRec/PADI Rebreather Instructor Rebreather Diver Exam Booklet Trainer Course. • PADI Rebreather Diver and Advanced Rebreather Diver Key Skills video • Rebreather training liability releases

PADI Rebreather Instructor For more information on the Tec CCR Diver courses, see the Third Quarter 2011 The Qualified to teach the PADI Rebreather Diver and Undersea Journal. For updates and continu- Advanced Rebreather Diver courses. ing information about the PADI Rebreather Certification requirements: Diver and Tec CCR Diver courses, visit the • Be a teaching status PADI Open Water Scuba TecRec blog at www.padi.com/tecrecblog. Instructor or higher. • Be a PADI Enriched Air Diver Specialty Instructor. • Be a PADI Deep Diver Specialty Instructor. • Be certified as a PADI Advanced Rebreather Diver (or have a qualifying certification) with the specific rebreather used in the course. Ad- ditional qualification procedures may exist for individuals who have a qualifying certification from another training organization. • Have a minimum of 150 logged dives, with at least 75 dives made on a rebreather, of which at least 50 dives and 50 hours are on the specif- ic Type R rebreather for which the instructor is qualifying as a PADI Rebreather Instructor. • Successfully complete the PADI Rebreather In- structor training course conducted by a PADI Rebreather Instructor Trainer. • Have assisted with at least one PADI Re- breather Diver course or one PADI Advanced Rebreather Diver course.

Page 4 Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 Rebreather Rebreather Diving FAQs Q. Which units may be used in PADI Rebreather courses? A. PADI will maintain a register of rebreathers that manufacturers have specified meet the key features of a Type R (recreational) or Type T (technical) rebreather and have successfully undergone internationally recognized third-party testing against an appropriate standard such as EN14143. Only rebreathers that have been included in this central register can be used for PADI Rebreather courses. Find out which units are on the register via the PADI Pros’ Site. Q. Can CCR units be used in PADI courses other than rebreather courses? A. Yes, 1) in most courses, as long as course performance requirements can be met when using the unit, and 2) if the rebreather is listed on the register (see above), and 3) if divers have appropriate rebreather creden- tials. Rebreathers may not be used in PADI Discover Scuba Diving programs, PADI Scuba Diver, Open Water Diver or Instructor Development Courses. Q. What PIC do I use to certify PADI Rebreather divers? A. Only PIC Online is available for processing PADI Rebreather diver certifications as it simplifies the process of selecting the specific rebreather unit used during the course. Note that divers can earn multiple certifications if they complete training on one unit, and take a PADI Rebreather Qualifier program on other units. Q. If I’m not a tec or rebreather diver, do I need to know about how rebreathers function? A. Yes, PADI Professionals should be informed and stay-up-to-date on diving technologies even if you’re not a tec or rebreather diver. This will help you understand and prepare for all types of different equipment configurations you may come across such as rebreathers, long hose configuration, etc., and emergency procedures to employ when supervising divers using this equipment. Look for a rebreather orientation to be released soon that you can use to teach rescue divers, divemas- ters and instructor candidates about rebreathers. Additionally, read through the PADI Rebreather materi- als to get insight and find more information. Other resources are The Undersea Journal, the TecRec blog at www.padi.com/tecrecblog, as well as other diving periodicals/websites.

Standards Changes PADI Standards Changes Please make the following revisions to your professional manuals, effective immediately: PADI Instructor Manual Open Water Diver Course Instructor Guide Adventures in Diving Program Instructor Guide Section One, Course Standards, Course Subsets — Section One, Course Standards, Diver Prerequisites Delete this section and replace with: – delete last part of the third bullet and delete fourth Course Subset bullet: PADI Scuba Diver is a subset of the Open Water • 12 years old to participate in all other Adven- Diver course. See PADI Scuba Diver Instructor ture Dives, except the Enriched Air Adventure Guide for PADI Scuba Diver standards. Dive. Note: The Open Water Diver – Controlled Environment • 15 years old to participate in the Enriched Air certification is being discontinued due to lack of Adventure Dive. interest.

Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 Page 5 Standards Changes

PADI Instructor Manual PADI Course Director Manual General Standards and Procedures Guide • Delete the “Controlled Environment” definition Standards and Procedures section and subsequent text. Equipment, add: Semi-closed and closed circuit rebreathers are not • Key Standards, Summary of PADI Specialty Diver used during the IDC. Courses – change Enriched Air Diver minimum Note: The IDC trains instructor candidates to teach and age prerequisite from 15 to 12. work with divers learning open circuit diving. PADI • Under the Open Water Dive definition, add the Rebreather Instructor is a higher level of attainment new text (second paragraph) below: than Open Water Scuba Instructor. Open Water Dives Open water is a body of water significantly larger PADI Public Safety Diver Course than a swimming pool offering conditions typical Instructor Guide of a natural body of water encountered by divers. Student Diver Prerequisites, add underlined text: Within this definition, there are certain sites 2. Certified as a PADI Rescue Diver or have a (very large aquariums and specifically-constructed qualifying certification from another training or- environments designed for recreational diving, ganization. Training may be completed along for example) that provide conditions typically with the PADI Public Safety Diver course. associated with natural bodies of water, such as appropriate depths for diving, the ability to Note: PADI Rescue Diver training may be conducted plan and experience a dive, bottom contour and before or in conjunction with the Public Safety Diver composition, water representative of course, and is now an exit requirement. the open water dive experience, and/or others. 3. Proof of affiliation or employment with a public Sites having such attributes can be appropriate for safety team (law enforcement, fire fighting, conducting the following PADI open water dives: paramedic, EMT, dive rescue team, etc.). • Discover Scuba Diving dive(s) • PADI Scuba Diver dives Note: Affiliation, in this case, means that the diver has an • Open Water course Dives 1 and 2 association or relationship with a public safety dive • Specialty course dives that have an Open team; has documented plans to form a public safety Water Diver (or lower) prerequisite dive team in the near future; or, is training to qualify for a public safety team. Note: Certain manmade sites are equivalent to open water for conducting some PADI open water training dives as listed. For example, PADI Instructors may conduct Open Water Diver course Dives 1 and 2 (and issue PADI Scuba Diver certification or referral) in man- made environments that fit within this definition. In this example, student divers may choose to complete PADI Open Water Diver Online, all confined water dives, take the first two open water dives at one of Pros’ Site Multilingual these sites, and complete the last two dives at a more traditional open water site for Open Water Diver Log in Help certification. When local dive sites are inaccessible or Beginning in April 2011 conditions undesirable, this option can be useful to the PADI Pros’ Site has further training, maintain diver skill-level and inter- self-help guides available in est, and to provide a quality dive experience. a number of languages on the log in page. Currently, the guides are available in Dutch, French, German, Italian, and Spanish.

Page 6 Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 Training Training FAQ

Q: May scuba cylinder systems buoyed at the Q: Does an instructor candidate need to surface (such as and TOOKA) be used have the divemaster slates that come with instead of traditional scuba equipment configu- the PADI Divemaster Manual? rations during the PADI Discover Scuba Diving A. Yes. All core course manuals and the slates program? that come with them are required materials A: No. The PADI Discover Scuba Diving program is for the IDC. designed to allow people to try diving using tradi- tional scuba units. Q. Does an instructor candidate need to If you would like to offer experiences to clients have the new cue cards for the divemaster using scuba cylinder systems buoyed at the surface, course? these experiences must be separate from PADI pro- A: Yes, effective immediately (if available in grams, for these reasons: a language the candidate understands). • PADI has no programs designed for use of these When the divemaster course was revised last units. year, new cue cards were developed for the • PADI Discover Scuba and instructor to use while teaching the course. performance requirement can’t be met while using Instructor candidates must have a personal these units. set of the new divemaster course aquatic cue If you offer diving experiences on these units, follow cards as stated in the Standards and Proce- the manufacturer’s requirements and recommenda- dures section of the PADI Course Director tions in terms of operation, maintenance and how Manual – Instructor Candidate Materials. to conduct an orientation to the unit. If you have Q. Do certified divers taking the PADI questions about insurance coverage for these experi- Scuba Review program complete the ences, contact your PADI Regional Headquarters. PADI Medical Statement? Q. If a diver wants to complete only one Adventure A. Yes. Reference the Scuba Review Instruc- Dive, is the diver required to have all materials tor Guide in the PADI Instructor Manual, as listed in the Adventures in Diving Program Program Standards under Forms, which Instructor Guide? states that you follow General Standards A. Yes. Student divers must have all required materials and Procedures documentation procedures. even if participating in a single Adventure Dive. A This means that Scuba Review participant diver receives credit for the Adventure Dive when complete the PADI Medical Statement and all dive performance requirements are met and the PADI Safe Diving Practices Statement of Knowledge Review is complete. Knowledge Re- Understanding; and, because they are certi- views are located in the PADI Adventures in Diving fied divers, the Certified Diver Experiences manual, Multimedia or Online, and student divers Programs Liability Release and Assumption are also required to have the Deluxe Data Carrier of Risk Agreement. and a log book for use during and after the course. An alternative is to have the diver enroll in the corresponding specialty diver course and complete the course Knowledge Review and complete Dive 1, which credits as an Adventure Dive. Bear in mind, however, that if either the PADI Enriched Air Diver or Digital Underwater Photographer specialties are chosen, those divers, too, must have their own per- sonal student manuals for the related course as that is a requirement.

Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 Page 7 Emergency First Response Revised EFR Primary and Secondary Care Materials As with previous guidelines changes, the release of the 2010 ILCOR (International Liaison Council on Resuscitation) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care has seen Emergency First Response© revise and update its existing materials. These are soon to be released. The main change you’ll notice is the creation of an internationally compatible EFR Instruc- tor Guide, participant manual, video and Care at a Glance reference. The ability to create internationally compatible products is a result of increased agreement between many of the ILCOR member resuscitation councils. Great emphasis on early and effective chest compressions is the main thrust of Guidelines 2010. Rescue breaths now follow chest compressions in all regions. The traditional ABCs order of priority care has been adjusted to AB-CABS™. The new memory word first prompts responders to perform a quick patient check, noting an open Air- way and normal Breathing, as before. If the patient is found to be unresponsive and not breathing normally, a responder delivers chest Compressions, opens the Airway, and deliv- ers rescue Breaths. The “S” portion of the CABS mnemonic reminds responders to also check for Serious bleeding, Shock and Spinal Injuries on responsive patients. The care prior- ity steps outlined in AB-CABS is graphically represented in EFR’s Cycle of Care. Translations of the new materials will be prioritized where existing regional materials are outdated. In the meantime, current translated participant manuals have been updated with errata containing all of the Guidelines 2010 changes and are therefore valid for the immediate future in their current format, until revised materials become available. The new materials will be available third quarter. You may still use existing stock of materials by incorporating the 2010 Guidelines changes into skills practice as outlined in the First Quarter 2011 Training Bulletin and Fourth Quarter 2010 Responder. Revised Care for Children and workplace pro- gram materials will be coming next.

Page 8 Training Bulletin – Third Quarter 2011 PADIR EGI ONA L H E ADQUA RTERS PADI ASIA PACIFIC REGIONAL PADI JAPAN HEADQUARTERS TOKYO OFFICE ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE 1-20-1, Ebisu-Minami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo PADI WORLDWIDE Unit 3, 4 Skyline Place, Frenchs Forest, 150-0022, Japan 30151 Tomas NSW 2086 Australia +81 3 5721 1731, Fax: +81 3 5721 1735, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688 +61 2 9454 2888 Fax: +61 2 9454 2999 [email protected] USA [email protected] +1 949 858 7234 or PADI Travel Network 800 729 7234 (US and Canada) Project AWARE [email protected] +81 3 5721 1745 Fax: +1 949 267 1267 [email protected] +61 2 9454 2890 Project AWARE [email protected] +81 3 5721 1731 Emergency First Response For a complete list of contact information for all Tokyo Of!ce +81 3 5721 1731 info@emergency!rstresponse.com.au Osaka Of!ce +81 6 6838 2522 o!ces, go to the PADI Pros’ Site. +61 2 9454 2848 Okinawa Of!ce +81 98 870 9555

PADI AMERICAS REGIONAL PADI EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS HEADQUARTERS BRISTOL, ENGLAND OFFICE EUROPE OFFICE AMERICAS OFFICE Unit 7, St. Philips Central, Albert Road, St. Oberwilerstrasse 3, PO Box 45, CH-8442 30151 Tomas Philips, Bristol, England BS2 OPD Hettlingen, Switzerland Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688 USA +44 117 300 7234 +41 52 304 1414 Fax: +41 52 304 1499 +1 949 858 7234 or 800 729 7234 Fax: +44 117 971 0400 [email protected] [email protected] (US and Canada) Fax: +1 949 267 1267 Project AWARE Italy, I-CH - Anna-Maria Mencatelli Emergency First Response [email protected] +39 329 699 56 25 info@emergency!rstresponse.com +44 117 300 7313 +1 949 766 4261 ext. 2495 Italy, Egypt-Sinai - Massimo Zarafa PADI Diving Society +39 388 322 23 70 PADI Travel Network [email protected] [email protected] +44 117 300 7371 Austria, Germany South, G-CH - +1 949 858 7234, ext. 2555 Conny Gohdes +49 173 327 96 06 Emergency First Response Ltd Project AWARE info@emergency!rstresponse.co.uk Germany North, Netherlands - [email protected] +44 117 300 7238 Michael Elbeshausen +1 949 858 7234, ext. 2439 +49 172 569 62 99 UK, Eire - John Carlin CANADA OFFICE [email protected] +44 773 471 4499 Spain, Portugal - David Perea 107-1680 Broadway Street, +34 690 354 533 Port Coquitlam, B.C. V3C 2M8 UK (North M4), Malta and Cyprus - 1 800 565 8130 (US & Canada), Richard Howes Canary Islands - Christian Marret +1 604 552 5969 Fax: +1 604 552-5921 [email protected] +34 6 3975 63 10 +44 776 916 5701 LATIN AMERICA OFFICE Maldives - Thomas Sobotta 30151 Tomas Africa (excluding Egypt), Middle East - [email protected] Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA Peter Driessel +1 949 459 7220 or 800 729 7234 (US and [email protected] +27 82 570 5763 Egypt - Red Sea - Reto Moser Puerto Rico only) Fax: +1 949 858 7264 +41 52 304 14 15 Mediterranean - Immi Wallin Toll-free numbers: [email protected] +358 400 426 621 Croatia - Tamara Kalanj Argentina 0800 333 9072 +38 599 2169 442 Colombia 01 800 710 2192 Egypt, Eastern Europe, Russia - Costa Rica 0800 013 1292 Terry Johnson France, Belgium, F-CH, French West Indies Dominican Republic 888 751 9096 [email protected] +44 774 091 1399 - Pascal Martinie Mexico 01 866 668 6685 Egypt +20 12 159 9066 +33 6 8337 9040 Panama 001 800 201 7292 Uruguay 000 416 201 7292 NORDIC OFFICE Israel - David Vered Venezuela 800 100 9244 Gullbergs Strandgata 36E, S-411 04, +972 8 638 22 46 Göteborg, Sweden +46 31 808 840 Fax: +46 31 153 200 Project AWARE Foundation [email protected] [email protected] +41 52 243 32 32 Project AWARE [email protected] +44 117 300 7310

91 T H E UND ERSE A J OURN A L THIRDQUARTER 2011 RISKMAN AGE M ENT Training Scuba Divers: A Fatality and Risk Analysis As presented by Dr. Drew Richardson at the 2010 DAN Diving Fatality Workshop

BY JOHN KINSELLA

In the last two issues of !e Undersea Journal, Risk Management articles over- viewed Dr. Drew Richardson’s paper “Training Scuba Divers: A Fatality and Risk Analysis” and took a detailed look at one of three study areas: Fatalities occur- ring during PADI-sanctioned training or under supervision of a PADI Member while enrolled in a non-PADI program. Continuing this analysis, the two other study areas – diving fatalities occurring outside of PADI-sanctioned training programs and involving a PADI-certi- !ed diver and fatalities involving a PADI diving professional (Divemaster / Assis- tant Instructor / Instructor) while at work – are examined here.

DIVING FATALITIES OCCURRING OUTSIDE OF PADI-SANCTIONED TRAINING PROGRAMS AND INVOLV- ING PADI-CERTIFIED DIVERS "is section looks at a total of 806 fatali- ties for the two 10-year periods researched. Attempting to accurately quantify the number of PADI-certi!ed divers active during these periods is challenging at best, and is itself the subject of much debate.* Subsequently, a reliable denomi- nator could not be determined and fatality rates could not be calculated. However, a marked increase in the total number of certi!cations issued in the second period (11,568,983 compared to 5,655,142, or close to a 205 percent increase) was noted, The bottom line: Participant safety without a corresponding proportional should be placed above all other increase in fatalities (290 compared to 518, objectives. or close to a 178 percent increase). "ese

* See Al Hornsby’s paper “Models For Estimating the Diver Population of the United States: An Assessment” in the 4th Quarter 2010 "e Undersea Journal for the de"nitive take on estimating this denominator and on the challenges involved. Hornsby is Senior Vice

President of PADI Worldwide, and presented this paper at the 2010 DAN Diving Fatality Workshop. PEGLER ISTOCKPHOTO/PAUL

92 T HEUND E RSE A JOU R N A L THIRDQUA RTE R 2011 numbers are useful for comparison only, FATALITIES INVOLVING A PADI “unknown” category features so promi- and while they do not represent the popu- PROFESSIONAL (DIVEMAS- nently: in many cases, it’s just not possible lation studied, they are good indicators of TER / ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR/ to say with any certainty what happened. increasing dive activity and an apparent INSTRUCTOR WHILE AT WORK is a factor in several cases improvement in the fatality rate. !is section looks at a total of 22 fatali- and warrants careful planning and con- Again, for both periods, , ties for PADI Professionals at work over sideration (as addressed in the 2nd Quarter “unknown” and cardiac events are the three the two 10-year periods researched. !e 2011 edition of !e Undersea Journal). biggest causes of death. !ere is signi"cant fatality rate for the "rst period (1989-1998) !e particulars in many of the descrip- consistency here across all study areas and, is 1.4 per 100,000 PADI Members and it tions speak for themselves and contain while PADI Professionals will clearly have drops to 1.1 per 100,000 for the second valuable lessons for people who take the less direct in#uence on this population of period (1999-2008). !is is more good time to read them. divers (because they are not in training), news and an indication a decreasing fatal- After reviewing, examining and ana- emphasizing safe diving practices and dive ity rate among PADI Professionals. lyzing this vast amount of information "tness is always appropriate. Richardson includes some signi"cant over a series of articles, it would be hard Speaking of "tness, Richardson notes detail on individual cause of death for to conclude any better than Richard- the median age for cardiac events rises this group, which is detailed in the side- son himself does in the last sentence of from 50 to 55.5 from the "rst period to bar. !is makes for some sobering reading the paper: “While we may never be able the second. While it is not possible to and is worth re#ection for a few reasons: to reduce the number of scuba diving- accurately infer an overall improvement Yet again, the “big three” of drowning, related fatalities to zero, as a community, in health from this data, it is reasonable unknown and cardiac are con"rmed. !e we must never cease in our e$orts to to say that this isn’t bad news. details also shed some light on why the strive toward this goal.” FATALITIES OCCURRING OUTSIDE OF PADI TRAINING (1989-1998) (1999-2008) 5,655,142 total certifications during this period 11,568,983 total certifications during this period

Highest Certification or Program Number Highest Certification or Program Number Cause of Death Number Percentage

Discover Scuba Diving 1 “Resort” 2 Unknown 216 41.70% Open Water Diver/ 158 Scuba Diver 2 Drowning 166 41% Junior Open Water Diver Basic Scuba 4 Cardiac 84 16.20% Advanced Open Water Diver 58 Open Water Diver/Junior Open 188 Embolism 32 6.20% Wreck Diver 1 Water Diver Adventure Diver 1 Boat Propeller 8 1.50% Rescue Diver 27 Decompression Advanced Open Water Diver 120 2 0.40% Master Scuba Diver 1 Sickness Wreck Diver 1 Divemaster 15 Aneurism 1 0.20% Dry Suit Diver 2 Anoxia and Assistant Instructor 3 1 0.20% Enriched Air Diver 5 Open Water Scuba Instructor 22 Asthma 1 0.20% Arch Research 1 Master Scuba Diver Trainer 2 Blood Clot - Lungs 1 0.20% Cavern Diver 1 Master Instructor 1 Cerebral and 1 0.20% Rescue Diver 36 Pulmonary Edema Unknown 1 Master Scuba Diver 7 Contaminated Air 1 0.20% Total 290 Divemaster 29 Pneumothorax 1 0.20% Cause of Death Number Percentage of Respiratory Distress - Assistant Instructor 2 1 0.20% Drowning 113 39% Pulmonary Edema Open Water Scuba Instructor 21 Ruptured Ulcer 1 0.20% Unknown 97 33.40% IDC Staff Instructor 1 Shark Attack 1 0.20% Cardiac 41 14.10% Master Scuba Diver Trainer 10 Embolism 29 10% Master Instructor 3 Boat Propeller 6 2.10% Course Director 1 Asphyxiation 1 0.30% Tec Deep Instructor 1 Asthma 1 0.30% Unknown 78 Decompression 1 0.30% Sickness Total 518 For more detail, please go to the PADI Pros’ Site. Shark Attack 1 0.30%

93 T HEUND E RSE A JOU R N A L THIRDQUA RTE R 2011 QUALITY MANAGE M ENT [FIRST QUARTER 2011] STATS Each quarter, PADI Worldwide publishes its quality management activities in the Quality Management Report. This feature reports the number and types of quality management investigations and actions conducted by the Quality Management Department and Committee. It publicizes the names of individuals who have been expelled from PADI membership due to gross violations of PADI Standards or ethics. (See the listing on padi. com for PADI Members who are presently suspended.) The following statistics re!ect the worldwide membership, including PADI O"ces and international territories.

Members Expelled ...... 5 SPECIAL NOTICES: Members Suspended ...... 1 January - March 2011 Members Retrained or Reoriented ...... 8 Pedro Paulo Guzman Greene [DM - 242221], Members Terminated ...... 1 Santiago, Chile Is not a current PADI Member at any level and has not Breakdown By Type of Retraining/ been since 2009. Reorientation Required IDC/IE ...... 1 Aquastrophics, USA. Please note that David Holt, OWSI/IE ...... 1 Aquastrophics, SDA (Scuba Divers of America) and IDC or OWSI ...... 0 OnlineScubaLessons.com have never been PADI Mem- Status Update ...... 6 bers. Please also note that the academic program o!ered Members Placed in Review Status ...... 36 by these three entities is not valid for PADI Open Water Standard Compliance Agreement ...... 110 Diver referrals nor certi"cation. (WRSTC Posting 03 Members Requiring Counseling ...... 100 Apr 2006: “At a recent meeting, the members of the Closed With No Further Action ...... 156 recreational Scuba Training Council determined it was important to provide collective clari"cation regard- TOTAL ...... 417 ing agency-neutral on-line training programs. Over the past two or three years a number of websites not MEMBERS EXPELLED FROM PADI: a#liated with a training agency have launched on-line January - March 2011 scuba training programs. On these sites, the customer Stephen Darling [MSDT - 463861], is led to believe that all training agencies will accept Raki Raki, Fiji Islands - 13 January 2011 these programs to meet their academic requirements Pola Pangalu [EFRI - 271830], for scuba training. $is is not correct. Because of con- Raki Raki, Fiji Islands - 13 January 2011 cerns about the educational validity of these programs Morito Asai [MI - 107757], and the inability to monitor the quality of education Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands - 10 March 2011 and services, as well as liability and insurance issues, Jose Acosta [AI - 239926], each RSTC member organization has independently Columbus, Georgia, USA - 24 March 2011 determined it cannot accept these non-a#liated train- Carlos Torres Ramirez [DM - 272568], ing programs to meet its academic requirements. Before Tulum, Mexico - 24 March 2011 customers sign up for any on-line training program, they should "rst check with the retail store, instructor MEMBERS SUSPENDED FROM PADI: or training agency, they wish to receive certi"cation through to verify if that on-line program is acceptable January - March 2011 for meeting the training agency’s requirements.” Tyler Newell [MSDT - 261448], Honolulu, Hawaii, USA - 10 February 2011

97 T H E UNDERSEA JOURNAL THIRDQUARTER 2011 DIVEIND U S T R Y N E WS®

poor energy use, an article I ran across in and the CFL, and people are actu- IEEE Spectrum Magazine by Brian Bow- ally hoarding the product (exactly why LEDs ers reminds us that the incandescent bulb escapes me). was exactly what we needed 130 years ago But the CFL has down sides compared Promise when it emerged. It arose in the gas-lamp to the LED. First, it also generates heat – era when public safety and soot were not as much as an incandescent, but more issues. "e emergence of the telegraph than an LED. Second, it has about half a Brighter and telephone and the rise of internal the life of an LED. "ird, and most sig- combustion created the fertile environ- ni#cantly, it has mercury, which makes Future ment for the development and demand environmentally responsible disposal for the incandescent problematic, especially in some develop- It is always exciting to me light bulb. ing markets. LEDs, by contrast, should be when !e Undersea Journal Although a bril- disposed of as e-waste, but are much easier theme is the environment. liant invention to recycle because they lack mercury. While we face many (pun intended), its Although LEDs cost more than problems related to envi- energy e!ciency is CFLs, they’re a better choice for the ronmental health, we also deplorable by mod- environment, and their longer lifespan see innovations and solu- ern standards. "e o%sets most of the investment di%erence. tions that promise a positive e!ciencies of bulbs "ey’re also less fragile and, as technol- future. It’s my belief that are measured by a ogy and demand advance, should drop in the PADI family has a role rating called Overall cost while rising in performance. LEDs in this, and that we’re accountable for Luminous E!cacy. "e standard incan- have the edge over CFLs in energy e!- taking that role on. It starts with setting descent 60-watt bulb has an OLE of 15 ciency, with their energy advantage likely good examples for the dive community at and a new LED has an OLE of about 65. to increase quickly. large, but PADI Members and o!ces are In other words, an LED is about 333 per- By now, I think you get the point. If already doing more than that. cent more e!cient than an incandescent. everyone reading this article replaced a Since my education and expertise And it’s not just the electricity you save quarter or half of their incandescent light aren’t in environmental science, it would creating light – in the warm months, you bulbs with LEDs, it would make a signi#- be naive and inappropriate for me to also save the electricity required to keep cant di%erence. Better yet, replace them all. suggest what PADI Members should be your house cool. "e typical US home has If you’ve already done this, good for you. doing. "e reports that come in from 45 lights; if you have half of them on and A single LED bulb, over its life, will the Regional Managers and the Project they’re incandescent, that’s like having two save a ton of coal in an area supplied by AWARE Foundation show that you and 1200-watt hair driers running. fossil-fuel electricity. In areas supple- your colleagues are ahead of the curve in To quote Bowers, “Even if you’re not mented by solar, tidal or wind energy, many ways when it comes to the environ- particularly worried about global climate each LED bulb leaves that much more ment; I salute your initiative and creativity change, the needless electricity expense environmentally friendly power available on behalf of the underwater world. Hon- should give you pause.” for other uses, thereby reducing the need estly, I suspect I have more to learn from At this point, you may wonder why to use fossil sources. you than you from me in this area. I’m not singing the virtues of the CFL So, thank you Mr. Edison, Mr. Grove, "at said, there’s one area in which I feel (Compact Fluorescent Light) bulb, which Mr. Swan, Mr. Maxim and the other particularly quali#ed to make some sug- is also more e!cient than incandescent, fathers of the incandescent light bulb. You gestions. If you’ll excuse the pun, I’d like yet costs a lot less than the LED. CFLs gave us what we needed when we needed to shed some light on the topic of LEDs have been a good “gap-closer” as house- it. Please understand as we change them and CFLs. In Industry News, hold LED technology catches up, and out for a brighter future with LEDs. you may recall, I related that a $ood wiped they have reduced energy consumption out my house and that it’s being recon- and fossil-fuel emissions dramatically. Sincerely, structed, literally from the ground up. Indeed, thanks largely to the CFL, sev- As you’d expect, before the flood, eral countries such as Brazil, Venezuela, almost all of our incandescent light bulbs Germany, Austria and Australia are man- had been replaced by LEDs – and now, dating the abolition of the incandescent Brian P. Cronin they all are. But before we entirely con- light. In California where I live, the 100- Chairman and CEO demn incandescent bulbs because of their watt bulb will be extinct by legislation PADI Worldwide

98 T H E UNDERSE A JOURNA L THIRDQUA RTE R 2011