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Outdoor Lighting, New Technologies

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Outdoor Lighting, New Technologies Outdoor Lighting, New Technologies Eric Strandberg LC Presented to: Current state of the exterior lighting Dominated by HPS Why? What are the limitations of MH? What about other light sources? 2 1 At a crossroads of technology LED Induction Metal Halide High Pressure Sodium 3 Light source characteristics HPS Metal Plasma Induction Inc CFL LED Halide Lumens per watt Life Optics Lumen maintenance High CCT option CRI Controllability First cost 4 2 Light source efficacy (Lumens per Watt) for common exterior light sources HPS- 70 - 145 MH- 68- 120 Induction- 48- 75 Incandescent- 8- 13 Halogen- 10- 36(HIR) CFL- 50- 80 Plasma- 85- 110 LED- 100+ 5 Stuck on Lumens Lighting is about seeing …not just measured lumens Luminance, measured in candela/m sq. (footlamberts) Lamp output in lumens* Illuminance, measured in footcandles or lux 6 *With LED systems the “lamp lumens” and fixture output are the same. This is called absolute photometry. 3 Light source life for common exterior light sources HPS- 16K – 30K MH- 10K – 30K Induction- 60K - 100K Incandescent- 1K- 1.5K Halogen- 3K- 5K (HIR) CFL- 10K- 16K Plazma- 50K LED- 25K – 100K 7 Rated Lamp Life “The life value assigned to a particular type lamp. This is commonly a statistically determined estimate of average or of median operational life.” IESNA Other life definitions Reduced light output. Color shift. Efficacy reduction. Lamp starts to cycle. Lamp becomes unstable. Probability of failure increases. (Group re-lamping) 8 4 Lamp Lumen Depreciation “The fractional loss of lamp lumens at rated operating conditions that progressively occurs during lamp operation.” IESNA Mean Lumens T5 100 95 T8 (265 mA) 90 Incandescnt 85 T12 (430 mA) Lumens 80 75 HPS Percent of Initial 0 20406080100 Mercury Vapor Percent of Average Rated Life 9 Service life vs time to failure ~L92 L70 100 70 % light output 0 50KTime in ~85K Failure Hours L70 is the point in time when the light source (LED) has lost 30% of its light. This is the end of its “service life” The values in this example are for illustration only. Each product will have its own unique numbers 10 5 Optics- built around a point source Glare control High degree possible High degree needed Distribution High precision possible Infrastructure investment Luminaire efficiency Influences system lumens and delivered light Point source = Metal halide or plasma Plasma A form of Metal Halide Plasma state is created by concentrated RF field. No electrodes or filaments inside the chamber. Makes for a very clean and stable operation. Plasma lamp acts like a point source. Courtesy Luxim 6 Electrodeless Induction Lamps 100,000 hour lamp life Good efficacy 80+ CRI Cold start to -30 °F Instant re-strike Low-pressure mercury gas Use in areas that see little maintenance or are difficult to access. 13 Induction and Optics Better suited to decorative or pedestrian lights. “Blob O’ Lite” Very little glare control needed, but optically more like a CFL Luminaire efficiency is lower and less light delivered to remote locations 7 CFL- not just on porch lights Can be optically OK for low mounting applications. Still only 12K life* *20k on 12 hr burn Good Optics Puts light where it is needed and not where it is not wanted. This can increase efficiency Minimize light trespass. Minimize light pollution 16 8 Lighting power distribution of some common exterior sources 17 Beware of “average foot candles” Be sure to look at uniformity ratios. Sometimes the less uniform area will have higher average numbers, because the hot spots (usually under the fixture) are very high. 18 9 The quality of light will have a large impact on our visual ability. Electric light sources vary widely in their spectral content, and should be carefully selected for their color characteristics. This is an extreme example – Metal Halide & Low Pressure Sodium - but the spectral composition of any light source will affect our perception of the surfaces around us. 19 LEDs and color The blue white color temperature looks like metal halide, or “moonlight” which can make them a good fit for exterior applications*. Note the yellow HPS on right and the bluer LED on the left. *Recent studies suggest that blue light can increase visual Photo courtesy BetaLed acuity but also can affect melatonin production… 20 10 Color Rendering High Pressure Mercury Sodium CRI- 22 Vapor CRI-15 High CRI & blue- white light can be had w/ MH, Plasma, LED, CFL, LED- and Induction CRI- 80 Color Rendering and Security Accurate color recognition is critical to a quick assessment of a situation and in communicating important details to others. 22 11 Spectral Power Distribution 23 Ceramic Metal Halide Standard MH Courtesy: Philips 12 “White” LEDs White light LEDs are generally made by taking a blue LED and “doping” it with yellow phosphors 25 Scotopic/ Photopic shift As the ambient light level decreases, the color sensitivity of the eye shifts to a bluer range. “Light is radiant power weighted according to the spectral sensitivity of the human visual system.” -CIE 13 Human Vision Range Scotopic Mesopic Photopic Below ~1FC ~Above 3FC .000031 lux .031 lux 310 lux 310000000 lux 27 Control-Ability Some light sources lend themselves to various control modes, others are hard to control. On/Off – Instant on? Stressed by switching? Dimming – How easy and cost effective? Relationship between light output and power consumption? Single source? Or multiple sources? Electronic system? Advantages Disadvantages 14 Adaptive Lighting. Lighting that changes in response to dynamic conditions Changes in occupancy. Vehicles Pedestrians An external command to the system Time clock Unusual event Ambient light Trimming offset from sunrise to sunset System stress Temperature Age of chips Re-Zoning “on the fly” http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/ 29 Light source characteristics HPS Metal Plasma Induction Inc CFL LED Halide Lumens per High High High High Low Medium High watt Life Long Medium Long Very long Short Medium Very long Optics Good Very good Very good Poor Good Poor Very good Lumen Good Fair Good Good Good Fair Very maintenance good High CCT No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes option CRI Bad Good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Controllability Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Very good First cost $$ $$ $$$ $$ $ $ $$$ 30 15 Light source characteristics HPS Metal Plasma Induction Inc CFL LED Halide Lumens per High High High High Low Medium High watt Life Long Medium Long Very long Short Medium Very long Optics Good Very good Very good Poor Good Poor Very good Lumen Good Fair Good Good Good Fair Very maintenance good High CCT No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes option CRI Bad Good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Controllability Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Very good First cost $$ $$ $$$ $$ $ $ $$$ 31 Light source characteristics HPS Metal Plasma Induction Inc CFL LED Halide Lumens per High High High High Low Medium High watt Life Long Medium Long Very long Short Medium Very long Optics Good Very good Very good Poor Good Poor Very good Lumen Good Fair Good Good Good Fair Very maintenance good High CCT No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes option CRI Bad Good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Controllability Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Very good First cost $$ $$ $$$ $$ $ $ $$$ 32 16 Light source characteristics HPS Metal Plasma Induction Inc CFL LED Halide Lumens per High High High High Low Medium High watt Life Long Medium Long Very long Short Medium Very long Optics Good Very good Very good Poor Good Poor Very good Lumen Good Fair Good Good Good Fair Very maintenance good High CCT No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes option CRI Bad Good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Controllability Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Very good First cost $$ $$ $$$ $$ $ $ $$$ 33 Light source characteristics HPS Metal Plasma Induction Inc CFL LED Halide Lumens per High High High High Low Medium High watt Life Long Medium Long Very long Short Medium Very long Optics Good Very good Very good Poor Good Poor Very good Lumen Good Fair Good Good Good Fair Very maintenance good High CCT No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes option CRI Bad Good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Controllability Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Very good First cost $$ $$ $$$ $$ $ $ $$$ 17 What do LEDs do? LEDs are a light source. Light sources have a variety of characteristics LEDs are not a design strategy. Any lighting measure may be appropriate for one application, but not another. 35 Comparing LED to Metal Halide Advantages Long life Higher light quality (in general) More optical possibilities Disadvantages High cost Higher delivered lumens per watt (particularly at Still a new technology lower wattages) (there may be surprises…) Instant on (no strike time) Higher complexity (perhaps more to fail) Better control possibilities Uncertainty about system Solid State life and replacement Moderate lumen depreciation 36 http://www.premierltg.com/light-fights-led-vs-hid/ 18 Exterior Design Issues Like all lighting design, successful exterior lighting is found in applying light where it is desired, and keeping it away from where it is not. Maria Pita Square La Coruna, Spain Exterior luminaires Many communities are looking for “human scale” exterior luminaires in parks and downtown areas. 19 Wasted light = wasted energy and money... and it can unnecessarily compromise “quality of life”. Light Pollution/ Light Trespass Light pollution is light shining directly into the sky. Light trespass is unwanted light shining out of the intended area, usually off the property. 20 Light Pollution and Light Trespass These conditions can occur simultaneously… from the same fixture! Pole Height Using more luminaires with lower pole height and lower brightness lamps can significantly reduce glare and light trespass while improving uniformity.
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