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Influence of Artificial Sunlight from a Microwave Plasma Lamp on Morphology and Secondary Metabolism of Horticultural Plants

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Influence of Artificial Sunlight from a Microwave Plasma Lamp on Morphology and Secondary Metabolism of Horticultural Plants Influence of artificial sunlight from a microwave plasma lamp on morphology and secondary metabolism of horticultural plants Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB 15) der Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main und dem Promotionsausschuss der Hochschule Geisenheim von Oliver Sebastian Dörr aus Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt (2020) (D 30) vom Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB 15) der Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität. Dekan: Prof. Dr. Sven Klimpel und dem Promotionsausschuss der Hochschule Geisenheim Vorsitzende des Promotionsausschusses: Prof. Dr. Annette Reineke als Dissertation angenommen. Gutachterinnen und Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Claudia Büchel Prof. Dr. Heiko Mibus-Schoppe Datum der Disputation: 9. Juni 2020 I Table of content Table of content Table of content ................................................................................................................................. I List of figures ................................................................................................................................... V List of tables .................................................................................................................................. VII Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. IX 1. Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Summary ................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................... 8 4. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Photosynthetic active radiation ............................................................................................................. 13 4.2 Spectral quality of light is changing in the environment ....................................................................... 16 4.3 Plant ability to adapt to spectral light quality ........................................................................................ 18 4.3.1 Phytochromes ................................................................................................................................ 19 4.3.2 Phototropins .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3.3 Cryptochromes ............................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.4 UVR8 ............................................................................................................................................. 21 4.3.5 Zeitlupe .......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.4 Artificial light for horticultural industry ............................................................................................... 21 4.5 Influence of the spectral light quality on morphology and secondary metabolites ............................... 24 4.5.1 Blue light effects ............................................................................................................................ 25 4.5.2 Red light effects.............................................................................................................................. 26 4.5.3 Far-red light effects ....................................................................................................................... 26 4.5.4 Green light effects .......................................................................................................................... 26 4.5.5 Interactions of light colors ............................................................................................................. 27 4.5.6 Influence of infrared radiation on plant growth ............................................................................ 28 4.6 Aim and content of the thesis ................................................................................................................ 31 5. Influence of leaf temperature and blue light on the accumulation of rosmarinic acid and other phenolic compounds in Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) .................................................. 34 5.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 35 5.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 36 5.3 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................................... 38 5.3.1 Plant material and general growth conditions .............................................................................. 38 5.3.2 Light treatments ............................................................................................................................. 38 5.3.3 Measurement of leaf temperature .................................................................................................. 40 5.3.4 Morphological parameters ............................................................................................................ 40 5.3.5 Histological analysis ..................................................................................................................... 40 5.3.6 Sample processing and determination of leaf mass per area (LMA) ............................................. 41 5.3.7 Colorimetric determination of phytochemicals .............................................................................. 41 I Table of content 5.3.8 Sample extraction for HPLC analysis ............................................................................................ 43 5.3.9 Qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds by UHPLC-MS ........................................................ 43 5.3.10 Quantitative analysis of selected phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD ...................................... 43 5.3.11 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................... 44 5.4. Results .................................................................................................................................................. 44 5.4.1 Leaf temperature ............................................................................................................................ 44 5.4.2 Morphological parameters ............................................................................................................ 45 5.4.3 Total phenolic, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents ..................................................... 47 5.4.4 Qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds ................................................................................. 48 5.4.5 Quantitative HPLC analysis of rosmarinic acid and flavone derivatives ...................................... 49 5.4.6 PCA Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 51 5.5. Discussion ............................................................................................................................................ 52 5.5.1 Plant growth was mainly affected by FR light and infrared radiation .......................................... 52 5.5.2 Blue light increased leaf thickness ................................................................................................. 53 5.5.3 Rosmarinic acid and phenolic compounds were mainly influenced by leaf temperature .............. 54 5.5.4 Influence of light sources on the content of anthocyanins ............................................................. 56 5.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 56 5.7 Supplemental Material .......................................................................................................................... 58 6. Influence of different light treatments on physiological performance of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) ........................................................................................................................... 61 6.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 61 6.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 61 6.3 Material and methods ............................................................................................................................ 62 6.3.1 Experiment 1: Light stress response from plants grown in a climate chamber ............................. 62 6.3.2 Experiment 2: Morphology, phenolic content and photosynthetic capacity from plants grown in climate
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