management statement 2010

Murphys Flat Conservation area

Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment

Murphys Flat Conservation Area

Management Statement 201020102010

This management statement applies to the Murphys Flat Conservation Area which is managed under the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002 and is subject to the National Parks and Reserves Regulations 2009. The area known locally as Murphys Flat was acquired on 1 May 2001 with the financial assistance of the Commonwealth and State Governments and Norske Skog Boyer Paper Mills. The development of this management statement is a requirement of the acquisition. A draft management statement was prepared and released for public comment from 29 March 2010 until 24 May 2010. The comments were considered and where appropriate, incorporated into this management statement. The management statement has been prepared with the aim of guiding future management activities and to encourage care and interest in the reserve. It describes the reserve and its values and provides strategies and actions which will guide the conservation of the reserve’s natural diversity and cultural values. The Murphys Flat Conservation Area Management Statement was approved on 21 December 2010. It will be implemented by the Parks and Wildlife Service, Southern Region, subject to limitations of funding, staff and resources.

Peter Mooney General Manager Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service

National Library of Australia CataloguingCataloguing----inininin----PublicationPublication entry Title: Murphys Flat conservation area management statement 2010 /Parks and Wildlife Service. ISBN: 9780724665617 (pbk.) 9780724665624 (PDF) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Natural resources conservation areas--Tasmania--Murphys Flat. Conservation Area--Management. Conservation of natural resources--Tasmania--Murphys Flat Conservation Area--Management. Murphys Flat Conservation Area (Tas.)--Management. Other Authors/Contributors: Tasmania. Parks and Wildlife Service. Tasmania. Dept. of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Dewey Number: 333.7316099462 Published by: Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, GPO Box 1751 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Cite as: Parks and Wildlife Service (2010), Murphys Flat Conservation Area Management Statement, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Hobart. Cover photo: Saline sedgeland with coastal juncus (Juncus kraussii), Murphys Flat Conservation Area (Lynne Sparrow)

© Parks and Wildlife Service, Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 2010

ContentsContentsContents

111 SummarySummarySummary ...... 111 222 Introduction ...... 222 2.1 Purpose of this Management Statement ...... 2 2.2 General Details ...... 2 2.3 Reservation History ...... 3 2.4 Management History ...... 3 2.5 Challenges ...... 3 333 Reserve Management Framework ...... 444 3.1 Legislation ...... 4 3.2 Tasmanian Reserve Management Code of Practice 2003 ...... 5 3.3 Key Desired Outcomes ...... 5 3.4 Strategic Asset Management ...... 5 444 Conservation of Reserve Values ...... 666 4.1 Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise...... 6 4.2 Geodiversity ...... 6 4.3 Hydrology and Water Quality...... 7 4.4 Native Vegetation ...... 9 4.5 Native Fauna ...... 12 4.6 Aboriginal Heritage ...... 14 4.7 History and Historic Heritage ...... 14 555 Reserve Protection Programs ...... 161616 5.1 Access and Signs ...... 16 5.2 Weed Management ...... 17 5.3 Fire Management ...... 19 5.4 Introduced Fauna ...... 19 666 Visitors and the Community ...... 202020 6.1 Visitors and Recreational Opportunities ...... 20 6.2 Visitor Safety ...... 20 6.3 Engaging and Informing the Community ...... 21 6.4 Research...... 21 777 Effectiveness Monitoring and Plan Review ...... 222222 888 ReferencesReferencesReferences ...... 232323 999 AppendicesAppendicesAppendices ...... iii Appendix 1 Key Desired Outcomes, Indicators and Effectiveness Monitoring ...... i Appendix 2 Plant Species List...... iii Appendix 3 Aquatic Fauna Species List ...... vii Appendix 4 Bird Species List ...... x Appendix 5 Summary of Strategies and Actions ...... xi

List of Figures Figure 1 View of Murphys Flat from the Lyell Highway (photo: L. Sparrow) ...... 1 Figure 2 Map of location of Murphys Flat Conservation Area ...... 2 Figure 3 Eucalyptus ovate woodland, Murphys Flat Conservation Area (photo: L. Sparrow) ...... 10 Figure 4 Map of vegetation communities, Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services 2008) 11 Figure 5 Black swans on the River Derwent near Murphys Flat (photo: Amanda Beyer) ...... 13 Figure 6 Addington Lodge, Murphys Flat (W.L. Crowther Library, State Library of Tasmania) ...... 14 Figure 7 Aerial photo of Murphys Flat with drainage lines visible, January 2010 (photo: N. Carmichael) ...... 15 Figure 8 Waste dumped beside the Lyell Highway adjacent to Murphys Flat Conservation Area (June 2010) ...... 16 Figure 9 Existing sign adjacent to the Lyell Highway ...... 16 Figure 10 Map of weeds at Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2006 & 2008) ...... 17

List of Tables Table 1 Vegetation communities of Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2008) ...... 9 Table 2 Mammalian fauna species recorded in or near Murphys Flat Conservation Area ...... 12 Table 3 Weed Species, Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2008) ...... 18

111 Summary

Murphys Flat Conservation Area is located within a wetland complex on the southern shore of the River Derwent beside the Lyell Highway between Granton and New Norfolk. The area has been recognised as being particularly species rich, with expansive areas of marshes, underwater grasses, tidal flats and reed beds that provide habitat and breeding areas for large populations of fish, platypus and waterfowl. Murphys Flat Conservation Area occupies an area of approximately 66 hectares and comprises 25 to 30 per cent of remaining wetlands in the River Derwent. It is listed within both the Directory of Wetlands of National Significance and the Tasmanian Geoconservation Database. Birds are particularly abundant in the reserve due largely to the diverse habitat. The vicinity is well known for its large population of black swans and it is a likely hunting and foraging area for five significant bird species including the wedge-tailed eagle, white-bellied sea-eagle, swift parrot, masked owl and great crested grebe. The secretive, little-known Australasian bittern is also known to occur there. Murphys Flat Conservation Area serves as a nursery for the sandy flathead and also provides important shelter for other juvenile native fish. Backwater areas of the reserve are of particular biological significance with unique botanical assemblages and an abundance of gastropod molluscs. Several features of cultural heritage significance are found within the reserve. These include the ruins of an infamous 1820s inn and the location of one of Australia’s first land reclamations, Lieutenant Governor Arthur’s ‘Marsh Farm’. The site is also reported to have been on a travelling route for two Aboriginal tribes. In past decades, the value of the environmental services that wetlands provide has been largely overlooked resulting in this wetland area and others like it being neglected. Until recently, Murphys Flat was used as a dump site for domestic rubbish, garden waste and for overburden from road and earthworks. As a result, the area of wetland vegetation communities has decreased and its condition has been further compromised through the spread of weeds, largely from this source. With a growing interest and focus on the health of the River Derwent, wetlands fringing the river have gained a wider appreciation. Natural values have been surveyed, impacts and threats assessed, access points closed and a weed control program commenced. It is recognised that this wetland cannot be managed in isolation as it is part of the wider River Derwent system. The Parks and Wildlife Service (PWS) will need to collaborate with other stakeholders if Murphys Flat is to continue to remain a viable wetland into the future. The vision for Murphys Flat Conservation Area is that it will contribute significantly to regional biodiversity and geodiversity in the upper River Derwent estuary, provide water quality services and research opportunities and be a vehicle for increasing public awareness of wetland values.

Figure 1 View of Murphys Flat from the Lyell Highway (photo: L. Sparrow)

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222 Introduction

2.12.12.1 Purpose of this ManagementManManManagement StatementSagement Statementtatementtatement

This draft management statement has been prepared with the aim of maintaining regional biodiversity, fostering community engagement and improving base line information about the site. It details the reserve’s values and distinctive attributes and provides strategies and actions to guide the management of its natural and cultural values. It is intended to be a guide for the next ten years. The plan is for the community, Natural Resources Management network partners and Parks and Wildlife Service staff. It also fulfils a commitment to the Commonwealth Government given at the time of purchase. It is a record of agreed strategies, actions and considerations for management.

2.22.22.2 General DetailsDGeneral Detailsetailsetails

Reserved Area: 65.60 ha Municipality: Derwent Valley Council Central Plan Registry Ref. No.: 8643 IUCN Category: IV Murphys Flat Conservation Area is located on the southern shore of the River Derwent between Granton and New Norfolk in southern Tasmania, approximately 4 kilometres west of the River Derwent crossing at Bridgewater and downriver of the Norske Skog paper mill. It is adjacent to the River Derwent Marine Conservation Area which was proclaimed in 2009. Murphys Flat Conservation Area is approximately 2.7 kilometres long and 550 metres wide at its maximum width. The Lyell Highway, a major transportation corridor to central and western Tasmania forms its southern border. The reserve is adjacent to the River Derwent Marine Conservation Area. Three intermittent creeks, Jarvis Creek, Byers Creek and Geiss Creek, enter the reserve from the steep mudstone slopes to the south. Rainfall is approximately 600-900mm per annum.

Figure 2 Map of location of Murphys Flat Conservation Area

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2.32.32.3 ReservationReservationReservation HistoryHHHistoryistoryistory

Murphys Flat was acquired in 2001 with the financial assistance from the Australian Government’s National Reserve System program, Tasmanian Government, Derwent Valley Council and Fletcher Challenge Paper (now Norske Skog). The property at Murphys Flat became a conservation area by virtue of acquisition on 1 May 2001 pursuant to Section 14 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970. On commencement of the Nature Conservation Act 2002, the area of land was taken to be reserved land in the class of conservation area under that Act”. The reserve remained formally un-named until it was proclaimed as Murphys Flat Conservation Area under section 19(1) of the Nature Conservation Act 2002. This came into effect on 23 December 2009 when notified in the Tasmanian Government Gazette. The site has been known locally as Murphys Flat for many years. There are several areas of wetland adjacent to Murphys Flat on both the southern and northern shores of the River Derwent which are currently pending reserve proclamation.

2.42.42.4 Management HistoryHHHistoryistoryistory

Murphys Flat Conservation Area historically formed a portion of the property locally referred to as Marsh Farm, which was established through an ambitious land reclamation endeavour begun by Governor Arthur in 1824. The property was hailed as an agricultural “show place” throughout Tasmania and was one of the earliest land reclamations in Australia (Searle, 1995b). In 1997, a development application was received by the Derwent Valley Council for the reclamation of the site and the reopening of the dilapidated drainage channels. Because the land owner had already re-excavated a number of channels in the wetland, interest in the site for its wetland values was initiated and the land was subsequently secured for a reserve. Until 2008, the site had been overlooked with the dumping of rubbish and the spread of weeds remaining unchecked. With a growing interest and focus on the health of the River Derwent, wetlands fringing the river have gained a wider appreciation. Natural values have been surveyed, impacts and threats assessed, access points closed and a weed control program commenced.

2.52.52.5 ChallengesChallengesChallenges

The reserve has a number of significant management challenges that include: • managing in conjunction with other agencies, the dumping of household rubbish, garden waste and rubble in pull-over areas along the Lyell Highway and adjacent to the reserve.; • control of weeds along the roadside, on former overburden sites and along the drainage lines in the wetland; • collaborating with other stakeholders to ensure that Murphys Flat remains a viable wetland in light of predicted sea level rise; and • ensuring that off-site activities do not adversely affect the reserve especially in regard to the quality of agricultural storm-water and road runoff entering the wetlands; • a lack of safe access to the site for visitors; and • a low level of community knowledge and appreciation of the vital role of the wetlands in providing habitat for a range of native species, a vital (edible) fish nursery, water filtration system for upstream discharges and a stunning entrance to the Derwent Valley.

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333 Reserve Management Framework

3.13.13.1 LegislationLegislationLegislation

Conservation areas are proclaimed under the Nature Conservation Act 2002, and are protected and managed under the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002. A conservation area is a category of reserve under the Tasmanian reserve system. A conservation area’s values, purposes and objectives are defined by the Nature Conservation Act 2002 and the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002: • Conservation AArearea values:values:rea Under the Nature Conservation Act 2002, a conservation area is an area of land predominantly in a natural state. • Conservation Area purposes: The purpose of reservation of conservation areas, set out in the Nature Conservation Act 2002, is the protection and maintenance of the natural and cultural values of the area of land and the sustainable use of the natural resources of that area of land. • Conservation Area objectives: The management objectives which apply to conservation areas are prescribed in Schedule 1 of the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002. While not restricted by this management statement, several statutory management objectives (e – h) are inconsistent with the protection of the reserve’s significant natural and cultural values and amenity or impractical due to safety issues associated with the highway. As far as statutory powers permit, these objectives will not be supported. The statutory management objectives prescribed in Schedule 1 of the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002 which are consistent with the protection of the reserve’s significant natural and cultural values and amenity and for which the reserve will be managed are listed below. a. to conserve natural biological diversity; b. to conserve geological diversity; c. to preserve the quality of water and protect catchments; d. to conserve sites or areas of cultural significance; and i. to encourage education based on the purposes of reservation and the natural or cultural values of the conservation area, or both; j. to encourage research, particularly that which furthers the purposes of reservation; k. to protect the conservation area against, and rehabilitate the conservation area following, adverse impacts such as those of fire, introduced species, diseases and soil erosion on the conservation area’s natural and cultural values and on assets within and adjacent to the conservation area; l. to encourage appropriate tourism, recreational use and enjoyment (including private uses) consistent with the conservation of the conservation area’s natural and cultural values; and m. to encourage cooperative management programs with Aboriginal people in areas of significance to them in a manner consistent with the purposes of reservation and the other management objectives. The National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002 requires that, in managing development on reserved land, regard must be given to the objectives of the Tasmanian Resource Management and Planning System.

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State Policies must seek to further the Objectives set out in Schedule 1 of the State Policies and Projects Act 1993. Two state policies which are pertinent to the legislative framework of the conservation area are the Tasmanian State Coastal Policy 1996 and the State Policy on Water Quality Management 1997. All Aboriginal heritage values are protected under the Aboriginal Relics Act 1975. Historic heritage listed places are protected under the Historic Cultural Heritage Act 1995. The Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 (TSP Act 1995) and the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act 1999) applies to flora and fauna species listed on the Schedules of these legislatures. Threatened native vegetation communities are listed under Schedule 3A of the Nature Conservation Act 2002.

3.23.23.2 Tasmanian Reserve Management Code of Practice 2003

The Tasmanian Reserve Management Code of Practice 2003 (Parks and Wildlife Service, 2003) is applicable to all land-based reserves managed under the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002. The Code specifies appropriate standards and practices for activities in reserves.

3.33.33.3 Key Desired Outcomes

Based on consideration of the reserve context, values and threats, the following key desired outcomes are identified for monitoring the success of management actions that stem from this plan. While it is recognised that there are many other desired outcomes, available resources only extend to the monitoring of the key desired outcomes – the ones that can be easily measured by field staff. 1. Murphys Flat Conservation Area is no longer damaged by the dumping of waste. 2. Native vegetation cover is re-establishing on the overburden and waste dump sites. 3. Declared weed species have been controlled and other weed infestations have decreased in extent. 4. Environmental flows are implemented to reduce the potential for impacts as a result of climate change. See Section 7 Effectiveness Monitoring and Plan Review and Appendix 1 Key Desired Outcomes, Indicators and Effectiveness Monitoring. Target dates to achieve these outcomes are also specified in Appendix 1.

3.43.43.4 Strategic Asset Management

The Reserves Standards Framework (RSF) is a PWS management tool that promotes a strategic approach to provide and maintain visitor services and infrastructure across the reserve system (Parks and Wildlife Service, 2003). The RSF sets service standards for infrastructure to help identify appropriate levels of site development, manage risk and target expenditure. Currently there is no infrastructure provided. Therefore, the reserve currently is classed as Natural/Not Managed for Visitor Services (NMVS) under the RSF.

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444 Conservation of Reserve Values

4.14.14.1 Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise

Climate change may cause the sea level to rise between 0.3 metres by 2050 and 0.9 metres by 2100 (SGS Economics and Planning Pty. Ltd., 2009). This may affect the physical and biological values of the reserve which is close to present sea level by causing a change in the extent of the wetlands and/or a change in the mix of species making up the wetlands vegetation communities. Climate change is a global issue and there are no specific management actions that could be undertaken in the reserve that would halt or reduce the impact of this threat. Support for local, state and national initiatives to combat climate change as part of an international effort is the best response available to managers. Australia’s coastal landforms have been mapped and classified into classes of differing physical stability or susceptibility to erosion in response to coastal processes including sea level rise. Sharples (2006) mapped and described the reserve’s coastal landform as a muddy shoreline backed by a low-lying unconsolidated sedimentary plain. As such, it is potentially vulnerable to the effects sea level rise brought about by climate change including inundation and erosional recession. The implications of this for geodiversity and biodiversity at Murphys Flat are poorly understood at present but potentially very significant. A wedge of saline water occurs at depth in the River Derwent. Sea level rise and storm surges caused by climate change may cause the salt wedge to migrate up river and result in physical and biological changes to the wetlands. Hydro Tasmania currently releases a minimum of 1700 ML/day to contain the salt wedge. Holistic environmental flows have been determined for the catchment downstream of Meadowbank Dam, but have not been implemented. Hydro Tasmania is developing an environmental flow strategy to inform water management planning in catchments which are part of the hydro-power generating system. They are keen to work with other organisations including NRM South and Derwent Estuary Program to progress this work. The report by Davies et.al. (2002) makes recommendations on an environment flow regime incorporating both minimum and high flows for the maintenance of key environmental values in the lower Derwent system See Section 4.3 Hydrology and Water Quality. Management Objective Reduce the potential for impacts as a result of sea level rise through the implementation of environmental flows. StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and actionsand actions Consult with Hydro Tasmania and other organisations including NRM South and the Derwent Estuary Program regarding the implementation of the environmental-flow strategy.

4.24.24.2 Geodiversity

The geology of the conservation area is Jurassic dolerite and Permian fossiliferous beds of predominantly mudstone and sandstone covered with Quaternary alluvial deposits. The landform is a component of the River Derwent estuarine delta and the site occupies the estuarine mud basin (Dalrymple et al 1992) and as such is a locus of deposition. The Murphys Flat soil type is described as undifferentiated alluvial soils developed over Quaternary alluvium by the Reconnaissance Soil Map for the Hobart region (Spanswick and Kidd,

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2000). The soils were described as being composed of organic rich materials underlain by sandier material and clays. Relatively low level of heavy metals were found in the wetland soils compared to higher levels measured in other parts of the River Derwent. The acid sulphate soils which occur in low lying sedimentary materials were formed during the Holocene epoch (<10,000yrs). While they have the potential to generate sulphuric acid when exposed to oxidizing conditions, they are unlikely to create a problem unless disturbed. Such disturbance might result from cleaning existing drains, excavation of materials or vehicular activity. If disturbed, toxic levels of acid, iron, aluminium and heavy metals could be released from the soil (Coughanowr 2006). Murphys Flat Conservation Area is part of the Tasmanian Geoconservation Database listed site the Lower River Derwent Estuarine Delta and Flood Plains which is of regional significance. This site has an overall indicative sensitivity score of 6 which means that the values are sensitive to higher intensity but shallow general disturbances such as the removal or addition of material (e.g. land fill or overburden dumping).

Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Conserve and maintain the soils within the reserve and limit the potential for disturbance of acid sulphate soils. StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions No disturbance of geodiversity (e.g. excavation, drainage or dumping of fill) should take place within the reserve as it could release acid sulphates. Further assessment of groundwater depth and quality should be undertaken to monitor for acid generation from acid sulfate soils. Undertake site investigations to determine the extent, depth and potential acid generation potential of materials likely to be designated as acid sulfate soils.

4.34.34.3 Hydrology and WaterWWWater QualityQQQualityualityuality

In the vicinity of Murphys Flat, the upper River Derwent estuary is characterised by a narrow river channel bordered by extensive shallow flats and wetlands. The water column is strongly stratified and salty water persists at depth as far as the bridge at New Norfolk. The section of the River Derwent upstream of the Bridgewater Bridge, comprising of some 550ha, is listed in the Directory of Important Wetlands of Australia (as Site TAS068) as a nationally important wetland. It is recorded on the Register as significant because it supports species which are rare and poorly reserved in Tasmania being visited by white-bellied sea eagles (Haliaeetus leucogaster), a species which is listed under the China - Australia Migratory Bird Agreement. The site’s listing on the Directory is supported due to the presence of notable flora and fauna. The hydrology of the Murphys Flat Conservation Area is influenced by a combination of factors. Significant factors include river level fluctuations associated with tides, flood, hydropower operations and snow melts; the network of man-made drainage channels that criss-cross the site; the riverside levee along the western part of the wetland; and three intermittent/perennial streams that drain the adjacent upland as well as road run-off from the Lyell Highway. Most areas of the wetland seem to be hydraulically well connected. Water levels are strongly influenced by tides, rather than by regional surface water flows and groundwater. This strong tidal influence may be due to the excavation of the extensive channel network in 1997, which most likely altered the hydrology of the wetlands. The water table is higher in the western part of the wetland than the east, possibly due to a higher density of man-made drains in the east. Recent channel excavations and associated groundwater changes have resulted in drier vegetation

7 communities. As drains become blocked it is expected that groundwater levels will increase and the vegetation communities will reflect this (Coughanowr 2006). Water quality is substantially consistent across the wetland and between the wetland and river, indicating good hydraulic conductivity. Salinity levels were reported to range from 1 to 4 parts per tonne, gradually increasing during summer. There is no evidence of acidification within the channels. Nutrient levels and heavy metal levels are consistent with the river, except for the extremely low orthophosphate levels and higher manganese levels in ponds (Coughanowr 2006). Storm-water run-off from the Lyell Highway carries pollutants including silt, hydrocarbons and heavy metals associated with vehicle emissions and tyre wear. Storm-water from the highway enters the reserve via a number of discharge points (Coughanowr 2006). Improvements to the Lyell Highway potentially could increase the level of pollutants entering the reserve. Recent road- works include some treatment of storm-water run-off through filtration systems. There is currently no evidence of meromictic ponds (saline stratified ponds that harbour a unique biological assemblage), although they may have been observed previously in the western part of the reserve (Kirkpatrick et al.1997). Further investigations into their existence may be warranted and if present would be considered as highly significant. Given that the location of the Murphys Flat Conservation Area is adjacent to the Lyell Highway, particular attention should be given to road construction, maintenance and drainage in accordance with Section 35.1 of the State Policy on Water Quality Management 1997, which states: Road construction and maintenance operations will be carried out in accordance with the guidelines or code of practice, developed pursuant to clause 31.3 of this Policy, or employ other measures consistent with best practice environmental management, to prevent erosion and the pollution of streams and waterways by runoff from sites of road construction and maintenance. A historical assessment of the wetland using aerial photos back to the 1940s may yield useful information on the extent of the wetland with time and how various land and river management practices may have affected the wetlands integrity. This may provide an insight into the affect of sediment accumulation or loss on the condition of the wetland in the face of rising sea level. Changes in vegetation may also be detectable and show the impact of drainage and fire with time. Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Maintain or restore the natural water quality of the wetland.

Strategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Monitor and evaluate the hydrological systems of the wetland. Ensure that on and off-site activities do not adversely affect the reserve’s hydrological and water- dependant habitats. No further modifications to the wetland hydrology are recommended (e.g. re-filling of channels) as this could impede fish passage and reduce flushing of acidic run-off. Liaise with the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources (DIER) regarding the dumping of waste and fill along the highway. If further road works are proposed, request that DIER use vegetated swales and other bio- filtration systems to treat storm-water run-off. Facilitate further investigations into the potential existence of meromictic ponds in the reserve. Facilitate a historical assessment of the wetland using aerial photos to provide information on the extent of the wetland with time. Assess impacts to geodiversity of any proposed developments within the reserve.

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4.44.44.4 Native VegetationVegetationVegetation

The reserve (see Appendix 2 for species list) supports 97 native species and it is expected that additional species may be present. The vegetation communities and their conservation status are listed in Table 1, described below and their distribution is depicted in Figure 4. Plant Species of Significance Rough spear grass (Austrostipa scabra) which is listed as rare under the TSP Act 1995 has been recorded from an overburden dump site within the reserve. There are less than 20 populations of this species in Tasmania and until 2006, was not known to occur in any reserve. It is thought that it colonized the site from a nearby site (North Barker Ecosystem Services 2006). Native Vegetation CommunitCommunitiesiesiesies Table 1 Vegetation communities of Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2008) TASVEG code Vegetation community name Conservation status* ARS Saline sedgeland / rushland Not threatened

ASF Freshwater aquatic sedgeland and rushland Vulnerable

DOV Eucalyptus ovata forest and woodland Endangered

FWU Weed infestation Non-native

NBA Bursaria- Acacia woodland and scrub Not threatened

SBR Broadleaf scrub Not threatened

SDU Dry scrub Not threatened

SLW Leptospermum scrub Not threatened

*Status of threatened communities listed on Schedule 3A of the Nature Conservation Act 2002 Saline sedgeland/rushland ARS Significant areas of the wetlands are saline sedgeland/rushland with coastal juncus (Juncus kraussii) dominating. This community has naturally low species diversity. Additional species that are present include: coastal tussockgrass (Poa poiformis), the saltmarsh herbs, shiny swampmat (Selliera radicans) and creeping brookweed (Samolus repens) and the introduced herb buckshorn plantain (Plantago coronopus). Freshwater aquatic sedgeland and rushland ASF Large areas of the wetlands are freshwater aquatic sedgeland and rushland dominated by southern reed (Phragmites australis). This vegetation type occurs inland from the water’s edge. This community also has a naturally low diversity with additional species such as coastal juncus (Juncus kraussii), greater waterribbons (Triglochin procerum), the shrub; swamp daisybush (Olearia glandulosa) and saltmarsh herbs, creeping brookweed (Samolus repens), shiny swampmat (Selliera radicans) and sea-celery (Apium prostratum). Dry scrub SDU The artificial drainage lines are occupied by the low diversity scrub community dry scrub dominated by a dense layer of prickly moses (Acacia verticillata). There is some evidence that this scrub may follow the Leptospermum as it establishes across the flats. Significant areas of the wetlands are the low diversity scrub community, dry scrub. This vegetation type is dominated by a dense layer of prickly moses (Acacia verticillata) which may be edged by the freshwater aquatic sedgeland and rushland. Other shrub species present include woolly teatree (Leptospermum lanigerum) and tree everlasting bush (Ozothamnus ferrugineus). Coastal juncus (Juncus kraussii) is present in the ground layer with few other species present. 9

Leptospermum scrub SLWscrub SLW This scrub community is dominated by woolly teatree (Leptospermum lanigerum) and occurs in large patches within the reserve. Swamp daisybush (Olearia glandulosa) is subdominant in some areas. The community has low diversity with additional species such as southern reed (Phragmites australis), coastal juncus (Juncus kraussii), and saltmarsh herbs, creeping brookweed (Samolus repens) and shiny swampmat (Selliera radicans) present. Bursaria ––– AcaciaAcaciaAcacia woodland and scrub NBA This community is dominated by an open canopy of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) with a shrub layer of prickly moses (Acacia verticillata), and occurs as a single patch at the western end of the reserve. Eucalyptus ovata forest and woodland DOV This vegetation type has a very open canopy of black gum (Eucalyptus ovata) with white gum (E. viminalis) also present. This community occurs over Acacia verticillata scrub. Within the reserve, this community occupies the longitudinal levee at the edge of the River Derwent. Phytophthora cinnamomi may pose a threat to this community type. Symptoms of Phytophthora infection have been identified in a tributary of the lower River Derwent (Lachlan/Glenfern area) upstream of Murphys Flat and downstream in the Glenorchy area. Figure 3 Eucalyptus ovate woodland, Murphys Other areasOther areas Flat Conservation Area (photo: L. Sparrow) The confluence of the main natural drainage area harbours a shallow alluvial deposit that supports an open tussock grass, sedge and rushland mosaic dominated by Poa poiformis, Phragmites, Apodasmia, Bauera or Typha (North Barker Ecosystem Services 2006). Narrow bands of either Leptospermum lanigerum riparian scrub or Phragmites australis are found on the riverside margin of the levee. Floating and submerged aquatic macrophytes form the last band of vegetation, closest to the main river channel (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2006). ThreThreThreatsThreatsatsats North Barker Ecosystem Services (2008) identified African feathergrass and willow which have a high potential to spread into wetlands as the greatest weed threat to the wetland vegetation communities. Boneseed and Montpelier broom pose the greatest threat to terrestrial scrub and forest within the wetland, followed by cape ivy and periwinkle. Blackberry is the most widespread weed occurring at Murphys Flat. Eucalyptus ovata forest and woodland (DOV) which is present along the river bank is susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Symptoms of P. cinnamomi have been identified both upstream and downstream of Murphys Flat Conservation Area.

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Figure 4 Map of vegetation communities, Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services 2008)

Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Maintain and manage the native vegetation of the wetlands and reduce threats to biodiversity, particularly to plants or communities of high conservation significance or habitat value.

Strategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Consult with specialists and others in order to implement recommendations to maintain biodiversity and conserve rare and threatened plant species and communities. Apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management or research activities. Raise awareness of the need for hygiene measures to prevent the spread of key freshwater pests and diseases. The Keeping it Clean publication provides details on protocols and hygiene measures. Assess impacts to threatened flora species and native vegetation communities of any proposed developments within the reserve. Develop a vegetation rehabilitation program to establish native plant species on the over-burden areas. See Sections 5.1 Access Management, 5.2 Weed Management and 6.3 Engaging and Informing the Community.

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4.54.54.5 Native FaunaFFFaunaaunaauna

Murphys Flat Conservation Area provides vital habitat for a multitude of native fauna species including many aquatic species and is an area of particular biological significance. A survey (undertaken by Aquenal Pty Ltd 2006) of the aquatic faunal community identified eight species of fish and 36 species of invertebrate within the reserve. See Appendix 3 for the List of Aquatic Fauna. Although no threatened fauna species were identified during this survey, the population of Lovettia sealii (a galaxid fish) is considered to have unique ecological value. This subpopulation is genetically distinct within the River Derwent. The backwater area of Murphys Flat is of particular biological significance within the wetlands as it not only supports a unique botanical assemblage (P. Barker pers. comm.) but it supports a large number of juvenile sandy flathead (Pseudaphrities urvillii) and common jollytail (Galaxias maculatus). This indicates that this wetland may be an important nursery area for some species as it is likely that the artificial drains enable greater utilisation of inland ponds by fish and thus increases the value of the wetlands as a fisheries nursery. The recreationally important brown trout Salmo trutta was recorded in the wetlands and it is expected that other predatory fish utilise the site for feeding, especially at the height of the whitebait run. While not recorded in the reserve, it is likely that the Australian grayling, which is listed as vulnerable under both the EPBC Act 1999 and the Tasmanian TSP Act 1995 may be present. The endemic Tasmanian mudfish (Neochanna cleaveri) while not recorded in the 2006 survey, had previously been recorded from the Upper Derwent Estuary (Fulton and Pavuk, 1988). The Murphys Flat wetlands represent typical habitat for the Tasmanian mudfish and is possibly an important refuge. Murphys Flat is inundated by a shallow depth of water for much of the year and lacks tree hollows, rocky ground and overhangs reducing its suitability as habitat for small mammals. Platypus have been observed on the river margins of the wetland and it is expected that the higher embankments offer suitable nesting habitat. Mammalian species that have been recorded in the reserve or sighted adjacent to the reserve along the Lyell Highway are listed in Table 2 below. Only the Eastern-barred bandicoot is a listed threatened species being listed as vulnerable under the EPBC Act 1999.

Table 2 Mammalian fauna species recorded in or near Murphys Flat Conservation Area

Common Name Scientific Name Conservation status

Bennett’s wallaby Macropus rufogriseus common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula Eastern quoll Dasyurus viverrinus Eastern-barred bandicoot Perameles gunnii EPBCA vulnerable long-nosed potoroo Potorous tridactylus platypus Ornithorynchus anatinus swamp rat Rattus lutreolus Tasmanian bettong Bettongia gaimardi Tasmanian pademelon Thylogale billardierii water rat Hydromys chrysogaster

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Three frog species with high tolerance to brackish water have been recorded including the common froglet (Crinia signifera), brown tree frog (Litoria ewingi) and pobblebonk or Eastern banjo frog (Limnodynastes dumerilii subsp. insularis) (Aquenal, 2006). Chytrid disease has been identified downstream of Murphys Flat and is a threat to all frog species. Infection of amphibians with the fungus has been listed as a Key Threatening Process under the EPBC Act 1999. The Tasmanian Chytrid Management Plan 2010 aims to minimise the spread of chytrid fungus into the populations of Tasmanian amphibians that are currently free of the disease and to decrease the impact of chytridiomycosis on currently infected amphibian populations (DPIPWE, 2010). The Keeping it Clean publication provides details on protocols and hygiene measures. Snails, dominated by Hydrobia buccinoids, are the most abundant creature living in the wetlands. A second native gastropod, Tatea huonensis was also found in relatively low abundance throughout the wetland margins of Murphys Flat, but in 2006 was observed in higher abundance in an extensive backwater region at the eastern end of the reserve Forty three bird species were recorded in 2005 (see Appendix 4), with black swan and ducks particularly abundant. Several bird species recorded are protected under State and Commonwealth legislation. Bird species which are likely to use the area for hunting and foraging include the wedge-tailed eagle, swift parrot and masked owl (listed as endangered) and the white- bellied sea-eagle and great crested grebe (listed as vulnerable) under the TSP Act 1995. The wedge-tailed eagle and swift parrot are also listed as Endangered under the EPBC Act 1999.

Figure 5 Black swans on the River Derwent near Murphys Flat (photo: Amanda Beyer)

Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Protect native fauna and their habitat, particularly species of conservation significance or which are significant for maintaining fish stocks.

StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Consult with specialists and others and implement recommendations to maintain biodiversity and conserve rare and threatened fauna. Apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management or research activities. Raise awareness of the need for hygiene measures to prevent the spread of key freshwater pests and diseases. The Keeping it Clean publication provides details on protocols and hygiene measures. Facilitate further investigations of the backwater regions to determine their biological significance. Facilitate a survey for the endemic Tasmanian mudfish (Neochanna cleaveri) in the Murphys Flat wetlands. Assess impacts to threatened fauna species of any proposed developments within the reserve.

13

4.64.64.6 Aboriginal HeritageHHHeritageeritageeritage

Aboriginal heritage sites are a non-renewable cultural resource. Some sites are present in the reserve. Sources suggest that Murphys Flat is located on a travel route between the two tribal areas of the Southeast Tribe and the Big River Tribe (Jones 1974, as quoted in Searle 1995). Numerous observations of Aboriginal people and campsites have been described in the diaries of earlier explorers, the most notable being Bass and Flinders in 1798 and Peron and Baudin in 1802. Bass and Flinders rowed up the River Derwent as far as Granton and became grounded on a mud-bank near the present day Bridgewater crossing. They walked a short way towards New Norfolk and met a number of Aboriginal people along an existing path and noted a small bark hut in a gully along the shoreline. Similarly, Peron referred to meeting Aboriginal people in the area during his exploration of the upper reaches of the River Derwent (Plomley 1983 and Brown 1986, as quoted in Searle 1995). The only known archaeological work that has occurred in the area was conducted in 1980. Four small sites were noted in the Murphys Flat vicinity. Two were located on the shoreline near Windy Point, which lies east of the reserve. The other two sites were located in the shelter of the gullies in Jarvis Creek, which flows into Murphys Flat and at Parramore Creek which is just east of Murphys Flats. The sites consisted of small scatters of shell.

Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Aboriginal sites, objects and remains are protected and preserved in accordance with the Aboriginal Relics Act 1975.

SSStrategiesStrategies and actions Encourage and involve the local Aboriginal community in the management, interpretation and protection of Aboriginal sites.

4.74.74.7 History and Historic HeritageHHHeritageeritageeritage

The site has a rich and colourful history that includes one of Australia’s first land reclamations and an infamous inn that was reputed to be haunted. Addington Lodge was named after Mr. J.H. Addington, the Secretary to the British Treasury at the time. It was constructed by Governor Sorell to serve as a country house in 1820, a year after the construction of the Hobart to New Norfolk Road. The lodge was a double storey brick house with an architectural style typical of a late Georgian villa with symmetrical doors and windows and a wide fan-lit front door. The lodge was renamed the Golden Fleece Inn and opened to the public after being sold to Mr. Henry Thomas Fitzgerald in 1824.

Figure 6 Addington Lodge, Murphys Flat (W.L. Crowther Library, State Library of Tasmania)

It became a popular half-way house for travellers between Hobart and New Norfolk and earned an unsavoury reputation as described in the following excerpt:

14

It was during Fitzgerald’s term licensee that, according to legend and tradition, the place achieved its worst notoriety…The Golden Fleece had an evil reputation, and the name was truly descriptive of the “fleecing” accomplished within its walls, and the “golden” results which accrued to the enterprising landlord (Mercury, 6 July 1935). It was also in 1824 that Governor Arthur began to acquire the wetlands around the Inn. Armed with experience in the Dutch method of land reclamation gained during his eight-year deployment in British Honduras, he set about reclaiming the wetlands for agricultural pursuits. The land was drained using convict labour who constructed an earth-rock dam and multiple sluice gates. The property was hailed as an agricultural “show place” throughout Tasmania, although by 1871 the farm had settled into decay and the wetlands began regenerating (Searle 1995). Over past years, bricks and sandstone have been removed from the site with evidence of recent disturbance. Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Protect and conserve the historic cultural heritage of Murphys Flat.

Strategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Maintain or replace as needed barriers to control access to the reserve. Conduct further archaeological work, including test excavations, to determine the archaeological potential of the site. Where necessary apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management or research activities. Raise awareness of the need for hygiene measures to prevent the spread of key freshwater pests and diseases. Work with local community groups and the local Council to interpret the reserve’s history and historic heritage at locations outside the reserve such as in New Norfolk.

Figure 7 Aerial photo of Murphys Flat with drainage lines visible, January 2010 (photo: N. Carmichael)

15

555 Reserve Protection Programs

5.15.15.1 Access and SignsSignand Signsss

Until recently, there were two spots along the Lyell Highway where it was possible to drive off the highway onto reclaimed sections of the reserve where building and garden waste, domestic rubbish and overburden from earthworks was dumped. The disposal of overburden in particular has significantly extended one of these areas, burying wetland vegetation. The closure of these access points has stopped much of this dumping in the reserve. However dumping of waste continues to occur in adjacent areas alongside the reserve where vehicles can still pull off the highway. Substantial and regular dumping of tyres, garden and household waste occurs at several sites. Garden waste in particular presents a threat of weed introductions and habitat degradation, while other waste presents the risk of pollutant contamination.

Figure 8 Waste dumped beside the Lyell Highway adjacent to Murphys Flat Conservation Area (June 2010)

Two signs which identify the Murphys Flat Wetland were erected soon after the land was acquired in 2001 (See figure 9). Subsequent to this the wetland has become reserved and this needs to be conveyed via appropriate signage.

Figure 9 Existing sign adjacent to the Lyell Highway

ObjObjObjectiveObjectiveectiveective Reduce the incidence of dumping of household, garden and building waste in the reserve and adjacent to the reserve.

StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and actionsand actions Install where necessary and maintain fencing or other barriers to deter dumping of rubbish and waste. Install where necessary and maintain or replace as needed, signage and barriers to control access to and manage the reserve.

16

Liaise with other authorities and organisations to erect signs which prohibit the dumping of rubbish and garden waste and provide information about appropriate disposal and the fines for non-compliance. Apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management activities. The Keeping it Clean publication provides details on protocols and hygiene measures. See References. See Section 5.2 Weed Management and Section 6.1 Visitors and Recreational Opportunities.

5.25.25.2 Weed Management

Over 30 introduced plant species have been recorded in the reserve. Most weeds are found on the margins of the reserve near the road, on disturbed or reclaimed (overburden dump) areas and as outliers on the river edge. The greater extent of the reserve is substantially free of weeds although there is a threat of blackberry invasion spreading along some drainage channels. Existing weeds include planted trees, agricultural herbs and grasses as well as environmental and declared weeds under the Tasmanian Weed Management Act 1999. Blackberry, briar rose and fennel are the most abundant weed species in the reserve with heavy infestations of blackberry spreading from the disturbed areas into the reserve and along the drains. The weeds that are the greatest threat to the wetlands, that is, those capable of spreading into wetlands are African feathergrass and willow species (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2008). African lovegrass has recently been identified as a threat to wetland communities in this area. The exotic trees and plants near the ruins of Addington Lodge including the African boxthorn, may have some historic significance. Karamu (Coprosma robusta) a declared weed in Tasmania and a native to New Zealand, is an immediate threat to the reserve. A core infestation is growing along the river bank near New Norfolk with satellite infestations or single plants found downstream, including on the opposite bank and upstream, immediately adjacent to Murphys Flat Conservation Area. The weed seed or propagules can be spread by water then once the plant is established it can be spread into surrounding areas by birds which eat the fleshy fruit.

Figure 10 Map of weeds at Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2006 & 2008) 17

Table 3 Weed Species, Murphys Flat Conservation Area (North Barker Ecosystem Services, 2008) # = declared weed species that pose a significant threat to the reserve but not yet in the reserve Common Distribution in Invasive CodeCodeCode Scientific Name Weed Status PriorityPriorityPriority NameNameName WetlandsWetlandsWetlands Potential Coprosma Not yet but capable # karamu Zone A Declared Very high Very high robusta of spreading within African Pennisetum Not yet but capable # Zone A Declared Very high Very high feathergrass macrourum. of spreading within African Not yet but capable # Eragrotis curvula Zone A Declared Very high Very high lovegrass of spreading within Chrysanthemoides Zone B to be Found in Juncus. BS boneseed Very high Very high monilifera revised to Zone A Being controlled Acer Not yet listed as Not yet but capable # sycamore Medium to high Low pseudoplantanus Environmental of spreading within. Foeniculum Disturbed edges. High for dry FN fennel Zone B Declared Medium vulgare Widespread on edges edges only African Lycium Disturbed edges. Medium for dry AB Zone B Declared Medium boxthorn ferocissimum Scattered edges only Piptatherum Disturbed edges Medium for dry RM. rice millet Environmental Low miliaceum Widespread edges only Disturbed edges Medium for dry BR briar rose Rosa rubiginosa Environmental Low Widespread edges only Disturbed edges. BB blackberry Rubus fruticosus Zone B Declared Medium Medium Spreading within Within wetland. WI willow Salix species Zone A Declared High High Scattered scrambling Disturbed edges. Medium for dry SE Senecio angulatus Environmental Medium groundsel Localised edges only blue Disturbed edges. Medium for dry PW Vinca major Environmental Medium periwinkle Localised edges only Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Prioritise and control declared and environmental weed species. Strategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Resurvey the weed infestations to better gauge the extent of the weed distribution and abundance within the reserve. Develop a weed control plan to clearly identify priorities. This should include defining some containment lines for the control of blackberry. Use the Bradley Method for control of weeds where-ever practical. Determine the cultural significance of exotic plants in the vicinity of the ruins of Addington Lodge before control or removal of the most mature plants. Survey the reserve periodically for outliers and prioritise the control or removal of species that have a high invasive potential such as karamu, African feathergrass, African lovegrass and willow. Other priority actions include the removal of Zone B declared weeds along the roadside and in old drainage channels. Liaise with other agencies, authorities, organisations and the community to develop partnerships to manage weeds. Methods should include contributing to weed control programs, raising awareness of the issues that arise from dumping garden and household waste; erecting signs to prohibit the dumping of waste and providing information about disposal and implications of non- compliance. Apply hygiene measures when undertaking management activities. The Tasmanian Washdown Guidelines for Weeds and Disease Control provides information on protocols and hygiene

18 measures and the Keeping it Clean publication provides details on freshwater hygiene measures. See References.

5.35.35.3 Fire ManagementMFire Managementanagementanagement

Murphys Flat Conservation Area is included in the Strategic Fire Management Plan for the Mount Faulkner region. The strategy covers an area of approximately 5 384 hectares and includes Mount Faulkner and most of its surrounding foothills. The region has been divided into fire management units where burning will be used primarily for hazard reduction or habitat management. The fire management plan allocates Murphys Flat wetlands to an ecosystem management unit and prescribes the exclusion of fire for the duration of the plan to aid in natural regeneration. A strategic fire management plan is being developed for the PWS Southern Region and will cover the Murphys Flat Conservation Area. This strategic plan will include a fire risk assessment and the assignment of areas into fire management zones based on the risk assessment and reserve values. The sections of the Mt Faulkner Strategic Fire Management Plan that relate to Murphys Flat Conservation Area will subsequently become redundant.

Management ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Develop a fire management regime to conserve and promote biodiversity.

StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and actionsand actions Assess fire risk at Murphys Flat Conservation Area as part of the development of the PWS Southern Region Strategic Fire Management Plan. Assign Murphys Flat Conservation Area to fire management zones appropriate to the fire risk and reserve values. Develop appropriate prescriptions for each fire management zone in Murphys Flat Conservation Area. Employ a fire management regime to maintain biodiversity. Work cooperatively with the Tasmanian Fire Service to ensure effective fire protection.

5.45.45.4 Introduced FFaunaaunaaunaauna

A large number of the New Zealand gastropod mollusc of the species Potamopyrgus antipdarium, has been recorded in the reserve (Aquenal Pty Ltd 2006). There is no evidence of feral cats, mice or rats noted in the most recent fauna assessment of the reserve, although there are some recorded observations of the black rat and other introduced species are likely to occur and present a threat to native biodiversity. Rabbits and hares are also found in the reserve as evident by the large amount of dung observed in the overburden areas. MaMaManagementManagement Objective Where possible, control and eradicate introduced animals posing the greatest threat to biodiversity within the reserve.

Strategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Monitor the extent of introduced animal populations and investigate their impacts on native flora and fauna and any future vegetation rehabilitation programs. If and when pest animal control proves necessary, work cooperatively with adjoining landowners, relevant groups, volunteers and the local community, to achieve effective and acceptable results.

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6 VisitorVisitorVisitorsVisitors and the Community

6.16.16.1 Visitors and Recreational Opportunities

Murphys Flat Conservation Area does not have a high public profile and despite the amount of traffic passing each day, the number of visitors to the reserve is low. Although there is no data about the recreational activities conducted in the reserve, it is assumed that bird watching, fishing, and boating are likely to occur. Opportunities to increase visitation are limited considerably by the busy four-lane Lyell Highway which makes access to the reserve hazardous. The DIER has recommended that any road access to the reserve should be limited to eastbound traffic only. While this may be seen as an option, there is no dedicated turn-off or turn-in lane to reduce the risk associated with entering or exiting the highway. For this reason, visitor facilities will not be established in the reserve. Boat access may be possible, although the topography of the site presents a safety risk that would require complex management.

ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Allow for recreational opportunities that do not adversely impact upon the amenity or natural values of the reserve or create a hazard along the Lyell Highway or adjacent River Derwent Marine Conservation Area.

Strategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions If required, review the feasibility of boat access along the River Derwent frontage including the risk to visitors associated with accessing the reserve. If boat access is feasible, then boat-based tourism ventures may be considered but only where risks associated with the venture and the construction, maintenance and replacement of proposed infrastructure can be demonstrated to be acceptable and manageable. Provide information about the importance of the wetlands to fishers. Consider erecting a suitable sign on the riverside of the wetland or nearby launching ramps. Install where necessary and maintain or replace as needed, signage and barriers to control access to and manage the reserve. See Section 5.1 Access and Signs.

6.26.26.2 VisitorVisitorVisitor SafetySSSafetyafetyafety

The PWS Public Risk Management Policy 2003 implemented the Reserves Standards Framework (RSF), which categorises land managed by PWS in terms of its use and standards. There are currently no facilities or signage provided and consequently the reserve has been rated as Severe Hazard under the Risk Management Policy.

ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Minimise risk associated with the public use of the reserve.

StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Assess the site to ensure hazards within the reserve lie within the acceptable risk threshold of the Visitor Safety Rating. Install appropriate signage to caution visitors of risks faced when visiting the reserve. See Section 6.1 Visitors and Recreational Opportunities.

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6.36.36.3 Engaging and Informing the CommunityCCCommunityommunityommunity

Contributions from, and the combined efforts of community, conservation groups, industry and three tiers of government successfully secured, through acquisition, the Murphys Flat wetlands. These partnerships should be continued and developed to provide a positive direction for the management of the reserve. The installation of signs and perhaps a simple sculpture that depicts a value of the reserve could be considered, to raise awareness of the reserve and the River Derwent wetlands in general.

ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Maintain and develop cooperative relationships and increase community knowledge about the wetlands.

StrategiesStrategiesStrategies and aaactionsactionsctionsctions Foster partnerships with the community and organisations that have an interest in promoting the reserve’s wetland values and in the sustainable management of the reserve. Work with the community, NRM partners and local council to raise awareness and provide information about the reserve and wetlands, hygiene and the impacts of dumping garden waste. This can be provided via the internet, local information centres and where appropriate through community events and signage. Link the web page to other relevant websites such as the Derwent Estuary Program and the local council websites. Work with NRM partners and the local council to establish a Friends of Murphys Flat group. Investigate the feasibility of a simple interpretive sign or sculpture that is visible from the highway to depict either the environmental or cultural significance of the reserve.

6.46.46.4 ResearchResearchResearch

There have been several surveys undertaken of the Murphys Flat wetland and other nearby wetland areas which have increased knowledge and understanding of the function and value of the River Derwent wetlands. See References. Research projects should aim to increase knowledge and understanding of wetland ecology and services, improve management or conservation outcomes, not affect the health or integrity of the wetland and have no long-term environmental impact and no or very low immediate impact. ObjectiveObjectiveObjective Encourage research which increases knowledge and understanding of wetland ecology and services and/or improves management or conservation outcomes. Strategies and actions Foster links with NRM partners educational institutions and other organisations such as the Derwent Estuary Program to encourage research and study of the wetlands. Apply hygiene measures when undertaking research activities to prevent the spread of key freshwater pests and diseases. The Tasmanian Washdown Guidelines for Weeds and Disease Control provides information on protocols and hygiene measures and the Keeping it Clean publication provides details on freshwater hygiene measures. See References. Include hygiene measures in permit conditions.

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777 Effectiveness MMMonitoringMonitoring and Plan RPlan ReviewReviewevieweview

This plan aims to direct improvements in how the reserve is managed. PWS is committed to a system of adaptive management (Jones 2005). Preparing a plan is just one step in a cyclic process of good reserve management. The system is intended to be simple and flexible. It is focused on achieving results. A key ingredient to this management is monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the plan. For this, two reviews are committed at five and ten year intervals. The stating of clear measurable performance indicators also provides the community and partners in implementation with an easy method of holding PWS to account.

ReviewReviewReview The adaptive management cycle (Source: Jones 2005) This management statement is to have an interim evaluation after five years. This evaluation will be a check on the performance indicators by collating relevant data, reviewing progress and making recommendations as appropriate for any adjustments in management. These performance indicators are found in Appendix 1. An informal public feedback process may also be run at this time. The management plan will be fully reviewed in ten years time. The management plan has not been written to work beyond ten years without a thorough review and evaluation of its effectiveness and the currency of its objectives and vision. This review will require full public consultation and engagement.

Strategies and actions Implement the monitoring actions as described in Appendix 1 (Key Desired Outcomes, Indicators and Effectiveness Monitoring).

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888 ReferencesReferencesReferences

Parks and Wildlife Service (2003) Reserve Aquenal Pty Ltd (2006) Survey of Murphys Flat Standards Framework Policy, Dept. Tourism, Aquatic Communities, Hobart. Parks, Heritage and the Arts, Hobart. Barmuta, L.A., Jones, M.E. and Robson, B. Parks and Wildlife Service, Forestry Tasmania (1995) Zoological survey near proposed road and Department of Primary Industries, Water modifications between Limekiln Point and and Environment (2003) Tasmanian Reserve Murphy’s Flat. Unpublished report, Management Code of Practice, Department of Department of Transport, Hobart in Aquenal Tourism, Parks, Heritage and the Arts, Hobart. Pty. Ltd (2006). Philips, A., Voyles, J., Wilson, D. and Driessen, Coughanowr, C. (2006) Murphys Flat Wetland M. (2010) Tasmanian Chytrid Management Hydrology and Water Quality, Mt Nelson. Plan Biodiversity Conservation Branch, Dalrymple, R. W., Zaitlin, B.A. and Boyd, R., Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Estuarine facies models; conceptual basis and Water and Environment, Hobart. in stratigraphic implications Journal of Resource Management and Conservation, Sedimentary Research. Nov. 1992; v. 62; no. 6; (n.d.) A Wetlands Strategy for Tasmania p. 1130-1146. Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Davies, P. E., Warfe, D., Parslow J. and Telfer, Hobart. D., (2002). Environmental Flows for the Lower Rudman, T., Tucker, D. and French, D. (2004) Derwent River: Final Report to DPIWE. Tasmanian Washdown Guidelines for Weed Department Primary Industries, Water and the and Disease Control, Department of Primary Environment: Hobart. Industries, Water and Environment, Forestry Green, C. (1995) A survey of the Lyell Tasmania and Agricultural Contractors Highway between Granton and New Norfolk. Association of Tasmania, Hobart. Fulton, W. and Pavukv, N., (1988) The Searle, C. (1995a) An Archaeological Survey of Tasmanian whitebait fishery: summary of Proposed Overtaking Lanes and Murphys Flat present knowledge and outline of future on the Lyell Highway, Granton to New management plans. Unpublished report, Inland Norfolk. Department of Transport, Hobart. Fisheries Commission, Hobart. Searle, C. (1995b) Addington Lodge Historic Kirkpatrick, J., Macdonald, M., Mendel, L., Site at Murphys Flat, Lyell Highway. Dyring, J., Lynch, A. and Johnson, K., (1997) Department of Transport, Hobart. Identification of habitats of rare and threatened Sharples, C. (2006) Indicative Mapping of plant species and communities in Tasmania. Tasmanian Coastal Vulnerability to Climate Tasmanian Conservation Trust. Change and Sea-Level Rise: Explanatory Natural Resources Management South, (2009) Report second edition, Consultant Report to Keeping it Clean www.nrmsouth.org.au / Department of Primary Industries and Water, Information/Publications/Technical Sheets Tasmania, 173 pp., plus accompanying Manuals and Reports/Freshwater & Rivers electronic (GIS) maps. North, A. (1995) Lyell Highway Granton to Spanswick and Kidd (2000) Reconnaissance New Norfolk. Overtaking Lanes and Murphys soil map series of Tasmania - Hobart soil Flat Botanical Survey, Hobart. report and accompanying 1:100 000 Hobart soil reconnaissance map, CSIRO Division of North Barker Ecosystem Services, (2006) Soils, Adelaide. Murphys Flat – Derwent River Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Habitat Assessment, Hobart. SGS Economics and Planning Pty. Ltd. (2009) Climate change impacts on Clarence coastal North Barker Ecosystem Services (2008) areas, Final Report, Hobart. Vegetation Community and Weed Mapping Upper Derwent Estuary Wetlands. Report for the Derwent Estuary Program, Hobart.

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999 AppendicesAppendicesAppendices

Appendix 11Appendix Key Desired Outcomes, Indicators and Effectiveness Monitoring

OutcomeOutcomeOutcome 111 Murphys Flat is no longer damaged by the dumping of waste.of waste. Indicator • Closure of access points for unauthorised vehicles entering the reserve: − roadside barriers installed along Lyell Highway; and − other access points closed. • Monitored effectiveness of the above closures in preventing the dumping of waste. Monitoring actions • Undertake regular inspections of installed barriers and record evidence of any access breaches. Great result By 2011 access barriers and signs are installed and effective with no waste dumped in the reserve. Acceptable result By 2012 access barriers are installed and effective with no waste dumped in the reserve. Unacceptable result By 2012 access barriers are installed but not effective in preventing dumping of waste.

OutcomeOutcomeOutcome 2.2.2. Native vegetation cover is rere----establishingestablishing on the overburden and waste dump sitessites.

Indicator Area of overburden dump sites not covered by native vegetation but either bare earth or weed infested. Monitoring actions In 2010: • establish a photo reference point for monitoring and evaluating effectiveness of the planned closures; • photograph existing conditions. Establish folder of digital images of Murphys Flat 2010 on PWS intranet together with details of site locations, dates, photographer etc.; • measure or estimate area of bare earth in each degraded site; and • reference sites with photo points established in 2010. Photographed annually Annually: • repeat above monitoring survey in spring or early summer. Great result By 2015 native vegetation re-established on 85% of area of overburden dump sites. Acceptable result By 2015 native grassland re-established on 50% of area of bare earth. Unacceptable result By 2015 area of bare earth or weeds has remained static or increased in size.

i OutcomeOutcomeOutcome 333 There are no Zone A weed species present in the reserve, while ZoZoZoneZone B and environmental weed infestations have decreased in extentextentextent.extent Indicator Distribution of weeds in the reserve Number and variety of weed species present in the reserve

Monitoring actions • By end of 2011, survey the reserve for weeds to gauge the extent of infestation. • In 2015, resurvey the reserve for weeds. Great result By 2015, there are no Zone A By 2015, there are fewer weed weeds present in the reserve and the species present in the reserve areas infested by Zone B and than in 2011. environmental weeds have decreased by 80%. Acceptable result By 2015, there are no Zone A By 2015, there is no increase in weeds present in the reserve and the weed species compared with area infested by other weeds has not 2011. increased since 2011. Unacceptable result By 2015, the area infested by Zone B By 2015, there is an increase in weeds has increased since 2011 and the number of weed species. Zone A weeds have become established in the reserve.

OutcomeOutcomeOutcome 444 Environmental flows are implemented to reduce the potential for impacts as a result of climate change. Indicator Involvement with a multi- Location of the salt wedge organisational group established to progress an environmental flow strategy.

Monitoring actions • By end of 2011, assess involvement with a multi-organisational group. • By 2015, check with Hydro Tasmania regarding the implementation of the environmental flow strategy. Great result By end of 2011, PWS is represented By the end of 2015, on a multi-organisational group environmental flows have been established to progress an implemented. environmental flow strategy. Acceptable result By 2011, PWS has the opportunity By 2015, there is consensus to provide feedback to the multi- about the environmental flows organisational group. and they are to be implemented. Unacceptable result By 2011, PWS is not involved with By 2015, environmental flows the multi-organisational group. have not been implemented.

ii

Appendix 22Appendix Plant Species List

Source: North, A. and Barker, P. (2006)

ORIGIN NATIONAL SCHEDULE STATE SCHEDULE EPBC Act 1999 TSP Act 1995 i -introduced C -critically endangered e -endangered en -endemic E -endangered v -vulnerable V -vulnerable r -rare

SITES

1 ARS -E514200, N5266850 within 100 metres

2 ARS -E514600, N5267250 within 100 metres

3 disturbed -E513220, N5266410 within 100 metres

4 FWU -E513972, N5266818 within 100 metres

5 SDU -E513154, N5266702 within 100 metres

6 ASF -E513681, N5266964 within 100 metres

7 ASF -E512104, N5266082 within 100 metres

8 DOV -E512188, N5266196 within 100 metres

9 AFS -E513924, N5266932 within 100 metres

10 AFS -E512826, N5266276 within 100 metres

SITE DICOTYLEDONAE AIZOACEAE

4 Carpobrotus aequilaterus angled pigface i

4 Carpobrotus edulis yellow pigface i APIACEAE

6910 Apium prostratum sea celery

Centella cordifolia swamp wort

4 Foeniculum vulgare fennel, aniseed, dill i

10 Hydrocotyle hirta hairy pennywort

10 Hydrocotyle pterocarpa wing pennywort

Lilaeopsis polyantha jointed swampstalks ASTERACEAE

39 Brachyscome sp grass daisy

58 Cassinia trinerva three-veined dolly bush

123610 Leptinella reptans creeping buttons

5810 Olearia glandulosa swamp daisy

4 Ozothamnus ferrugineus tree everlasting

iii Senecio sp. groundsel

4 Sonchus asper prickly sow thistle i BRASSICACEAE

4 Sisymbrium officinale hedge mustard i CAMPANULACEAE

9 Lobelia alata angled lobelia CASUARINACEAE

4 Allocasuarina verticillata sheoak, drooping sheoak CHENOPODIACEAE

4 Einadia nutans ssp. nutans climbing saltbush CRASSULACEAE

Crassula helmsii swamp stonecrop DIPSACACEAE

4 Dipsacus fullonum wild teasel i EUPHORBIACEAE

4 Euphorbia peplus petty spurge i FABACEAE

4 Medicago arabica spotted medick i GERANIACEAE

4 Erodium sp. i

4 Geranium dissectum cut-leaf cranesbill i GOODENIACEAE

8 Goodenia ovata parrot's food, hop goodenia

1 6910 Selliera radicans shiny swampmat HALORAGACEAE

37 Myriophyllum salsugineum lake water-milfoil

1610 Myriophyllum sp. water milfoil LAURACEAE

7 Cassytha pubescens downy dodder-laurel LOGANIACEAE

9 Mitrasacme pilosa hairy mitrewort MALVACEAE 3 Asterotrichion discolor Tasmanian currajong en MENYANTHACEAE 1910 Nymphoides exigua dwarf marshwort en

12369 10 Villarsia reniformis running marsh-flower MIMOSACEAE

4 Acacia mearnsii black wattle

8 Acacia melanoxylon blackwood

13589 Acacia verticil/ata prickly mimosa MYRTACEAE

8 Eucalyptus ovata black gum

iv 8 Eucalyptus viminalis viminalis manna or white gum

12579 Leptospermum lanigerum woolly tea-tree ONAGRACEAE

69 Epilobium billardierianum common willowherb

349 Epilobium ciliatum glandular willow-herb i OXALIDACEAE

4 Oxalis corniculata corniculata yellow woodsorrel i PLANTAGINACEAE

4 Plantago coronopus buck's horn plantain i

4 Plantago lanceolata common plantain i

4 Plantago varia variable plantain POLYGONACEAE

Rumex brownii swamp dock i

4 Rumex obtusifolius broad-leaved dock i PRIMULACEAE

4 Anagallis arvensis scarlet pimpernel i

1 26910 Samolus repens creeping brookweed RANUNCULACEAE

10 Ranunculus glabrifolius shining buttercup RESEDACEAE

4 Reseda iuteola weld i

ROSACEAE

34 Rosa rubiginosa sweet briar i

48 Rubus fruticosus blackberry i

4 Sanguisorba minor salad burnet i

RUBIACEAE

4 Galium murale bedstraw, small bedstraw i

SALICACEAE

8 Salix fragilis crack willow i

SAPINDACEAE

48 Dodonaea viscosa spatulata broadleaf hop-bush

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Umosella australis mudwort i

SOLANACEAE

4 Lycium ferocissimum African boxthorn i MONOCOTYLEDONAE

CYPERACEAE

1 6910 Baumea arthrophylla articulate twigrush

Baumea juncea bare twigrush

13 Eleocharis acuta common spikesedge

v 12 Gahnia filum chaffy sawsedge

5 Gahnia grandis cutting grass

Isolepis sp. clubsedge

1 3 Schoenoplectus pungens sharp clubsedge

6 Schoenus nitens shiny bogsedge

9 Schoenus sp. bogsedge

JUNCACEAE

6 Juncus bufonius toad rush

1236910 Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis sea rush

35 Juncus pallidus pale rush

Juncus planifolius looseflower rush

JUNCAGINACEAE

13910 Triglochin alcockiae southern waterribbons

6 Triglochin procerum greater waterribbons

POACEAE

3 Agrostis stolonifera creeping bent grass i

4 Austrodanthonia sp. wallaby grass

4 Austrostipa scabra rough spear grass r

4 Bromus hordeaceus soft brome i

4 Dactylis glomerata cocksfoot, orchard grass i

10 Deschampsia cespitosa tufted hairgrass

3 Festuca arundinacea tall fescue i

56 Glyceria australis Australian sweet-grass

4 Glyceria fluitans floating grass i

9 Hemarthria uncinata hooked matgrass

4 Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba canarygrass i

267910 Phragmites australis southern reed

3 Piptatherum miliaceum rice millet i

1 3 Poa labillardierei tussock or snow grass

610 Poa poiformis blue tussock grass

4 Vulpia sp. fescue i

RESTIONACEAE

1267910 Apodasmia brownii course twinerush

TYPHACEAE

6 Typha domingensis slender cumbungi PTERIDOPHYTA

BLECHNACEAE

1 10 Blechnum minus soft water-fern

vi

Appendix 333 Aquatic Fauna Species ListListSpecies

Source: Aquenal Pty. Ltd. (2006) ORIGIN NATIONAL SCHEDULE STATE SCHEDULE

EPBC Act 1999 TSP Act 1995

i -introduced C -critically endangered e -endangered

en -endemic E -endangered v -vulnerable

V -vulnerable r -rare

CHORDATA

Class: Pisces (fish)

Order: Anguilliformes

Family: Anguillidae Anguilla australis

Order: Salmoniformes

Suborder: Salmonoidei

Family: Salmonidae Salmo trutta

Suborder: Galaxioidei

Family: Galaxiidae Galaxias maculatus

Family: Aplochitonidae Lovettia sealii

Family: Retropinnidae Retropinna tasmanica

Order: Perciformes

Family: Gobiidae Favogobius tamarensis

Family: Eleotridae Philypnodon grandiceps

Suborder: Notothenioidei

Family: Bovichthyidae Pseudaphritis urvillii CRUSTACEA

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Infraorder: Brachyura (Crabs)

Family: Hymenosomatidae Amarinus lacustris

Infraorder: Caridea (Shrimps)

Family: Atyidae Paratya australiensis

Family: Parastacidae Parastacoides tasmanicus*

Order: Amphipoda

Family: Eusiridae Paracalliope lowryi

Paracalliope sp.

Oaraleptamphopus sp.*

Family: Corophiidae Paracorophium cf. excavatum

Family: Melitidae Melita matilda

vii Family: Paramelitidae Antipodeus sp.*

Family: Talitridae Eorchestia palustris

Order: Isopoda

Family: Sphaeromatidae Cymodetta gambosa

Family: Haploniscidae Haploniscus sp.

Family: Phreatoicidae Uramphisopus relictus*

Order: Cumacea

Family: Diastylidae Dimorphostylis colefaxi HEXAPODA

Class: Insecta

Order: Diptera

Family: Chironomidae Pontomya sp

Chironomus sp*

Paratanytarsus sp*

Orthocladiinae sp*

Alabesmia sp*

Procladius sp*

Chironomid larvae sp1

Chironomid pupae sp1

Chironomid pupae sp2

Family: Tipulidae Tipulidae sp1

Family: Culicidae Culicini sp*

Family: Stratiomyidae Stratiomyidae spp*

Family: Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae sp1

Order: Trichoptera

Family: Leptoceridae Oecetis sp

Symphitoneura sp.

Family: Hydroptilidae Hydroptilidae sp

Order: Lepidoptera

Family: Nymphulidae Nymphula nitens

Fmx. Lepidoptera Lepidopteran sp1

Order: Odonata

Family: Coenagrionidae Ischnura heterosticta tasmanica

Family: Corduliidae Hemicordula australiae*

Order: Coleoptera

Family: Dytiscidae Dytiscid sp

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Corixidae Diaprepocoris barycephala

Sigara neboissi*

Family: Notonectidae Enithares woodward*

viii Micronecta sp.* CHELICERATA

Class: Arachnida (Spiders, mites) Order: Acarina

Fmx. Acarina Hydracarina sp.

Order: Araneae

Family: Lycosidae Lycosidae sp. MOLLUSCA

Class: Gastropoda

Order: Mesogastropoda

Family: Hydrobiidae Hydrobia buccinoides

Potamopyrgus antipodarium

Tatea huonensis

Family: Hydrococcidae Hydrococcus tasmanicus*

Order: Basommatophora

Family: Amphibolidae Salinator fragilis

Class: Bivalvia

Order: Veneroida

Family: Leptonidae Arthritica semens

Order: Mytiloida

Family: Mytilidae Xenostrobus securis ANNELIDA

Class: Polychaeta

Order: Spionida

Family: Spionidae Boccardiella limnicola

Order: Scolecida

Family: Paraonidae Paraonid sp.

Class: Clitellata

Subclass: Oligocaheata

Fmx. Oligochaeta Oligochaete sp PLATYHELMINTHES

Class: Turbellaria

Order: Indeterminate

Fmx. Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes sp.

* Indicates species that were recorded by Barmuta et al. (1995)

ix

Appendix 444 Bird Species List

Black Swan Little Black Cormorant Bronze-wing pigeon Little Grass-bird Brown Scrub-wren Masked Lapwing Brown Thornbill Musk Duck Chestnut Teal New Holland Honeyeater Clamorous Reed Warbler Pallid Cuckoo Crescent Honeyeater Purple Swamphen Dusky Wood-swallow Reed Warbler European Blackbird Scrub-wren European Goldfinch Silvereye Fantail Cuckoo Skylark Feral Goose Spotted Pardalote Forest Raven Striated Pardalote Golden Whistler Superb Fairy-Wren Great Cormorant Swamp Harrier Green Rosella Tasmanian Native Hen Greenfinch Tree Martin Grey Shrike Thrush Welcome Swallow Grey Currawong White-faced Heron Grey Fantail Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo Horsefield's Bronze Cuckoo Yellow-throated Honeyeater House Sparrow

x Appendix 555 Summary of Strategies and Actions

Strategies and Actions PriorityPriorityPriority 4.1 Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Consult with Hydro Tasmania and other organisations including NRM South and the Derwent Estuary Program regarding the implementation of the environmental-flow M strategy. 4.2 Geodiversity No disturbance of geodiversity (e.g. excavation, drainage or dumping of fill) should VH take place within the reserve as it could release acid sulphates. Further assessment of groundwater depth and quality should be undertaken to M monitor for acid generation from acid sulfate soils. Undertake site investigations to determine the extent, depth and potential acid M generation potential of materials likely to be designated as acid sulfate soils. 4.3 Hydrology and WWWaterWater QQQualityQualityualityuality Monitor and evaluate the hydrological systems of the wetland. M Ensure that on and off-site activities do not adversely affect on the reserve’s VH hydrological and water-dependant habitats. No further modifications to the wetland hydrology are recommended (e.g. re-filling H of channels) as this could impede fish passage and reduce flushing of acidic run-off. Liaise with DIER regarding the dumping of waste and fill along the highway. H If road works are proposed, request that DIER use vegetated swales and other bio- H filtration systems to treat storm-water run-off. Facilitate further investigations into the existence of meromictic ponds in the M reserve. Facilitate a historical assessment of the wetland using aerial photos to provide

information on the extent of the wetland with time. Assess impacts to geodiversity of any proposed developments within the reserve. 4.4 Native Vegetation Consult with specialists and others in order to implement recommendations to maintain biodiversity and conserve rare and threatened plant species and M communities. Apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management or research activities. Raise awareness of the need for hygiene measures to prevent the spread H of key freshwater pests and diseases. Assess impacts to threatened flora species and native vegetation communities of H any proposed developments within the reserve. Develop a vegetation rehabilitation program to establish native plant species on the M over-burden areas. 4.5 Native Fauna Consult with specialists and others and implement recommendations to maintain M biodiversity and conserve rare and threatened fauna. Apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management or research activities. Raise awareness of the need for hygiene measures to prevent the spread H of key freshwater pests and diseases. Facilitate further investigations of the backwater regions to determine their L biological significance. Facilitate a survey for the endemic Tasmanian mudfish (Neochanna cleaveri) in the L Murphys Flat wetlands. Assess impacts to threatened fauna species of any proposed developments within H

xi the reserve. 4.6 Aboriginal Heritage Encourage and involve the local Aboriginal community in the management, M interpretation and protection of Aboriginal sites. 4.7 Historic heritage Install fencing around the perimeter of the inn’s ruins to preserve the archaeological H integrity of the site. Conduct further archaeological work, including test excavations, to determine the L archaeological potential of the site. Where necessary apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management or research activities. Raise awareness of the need for hygiene M measures to prevent the spread of key freshwater pests and diseases. Work with local community groups and the local Council to interpret the reserve’s history and historic heritage at locations outside the reserve such as in New L Norfolk. 5.1 Access and Signand SignsSignsss Install where necessary and maintain fencing or other barriers to deter dumping of H rubbish and waste. Install where necessary and maintain or replace as needed, signage and barriers to H control access to and manage the reserve. Liaise with other authorities and organisations to erect signs which prohibit the dumping of rubbish and garden waste and provide information about appropriate H disposal and the fines for non-compliance. Apply freshwater hygiene protocols when undertaking management activities. The H Keeping it Clean publication provides details on protocols and hygiene measures. 5.2 Weed Management Resurvey the weed infestations to better gauge the extent of the weed distribution M and abundance within the reserve. Develop a weed control plan to clearly identify priorities. M Determine the cultural significance of exotic plants in the vicinity of the ruins of M Addington Lodge before control or removal of the most mature plants. Survey the reserve periodically for outliers and prioritise the control or removal of species that have a high invasive potential such as karamu, African feathergrass and VH willow. Other priority actions include the removal of Zone B declared weeds along the M roadside and in old drainage channels. Liaise with other agencies, authorities and neighbours to develop partnerships to M manage weeds. Apply hygiene measures when undertaking management activities. H 5.3 Fire Management Assess fire risk at Murphys Flat Conservation Area as part of the development of M the PWS Southern Region Strategic Fire Management Plan. Assign Murphys Flat Conservation Area to fire management zones appropriate to M the fire risk and reserve values. Develop appropriate prescriptions for each fire management zone in Murphys Flat M Conservation Area. Employ a fire management regime to maintain biodiversity. Work cooperatively with the Tasmanian Fire Service to ensure effective fire H protection. 5.4 Introduced Fauna Monitor the extent of introduced animal populations and investigate their impacts L on native flora and fauna and any future vegetation rehabilitation programs. If and when pest animal control proves necessary, work cooperatively with adjoining H

xii landowners, relevant groups, volunteers and the local community, to achieve effective and acceptable results. 6.1 Visitors and Recreational Opportunities If required, review the feasibility of boat access along the River Derwent frontage na including the risk to visitors associated with accessing the reserve. If boat access is feasible, then boat-based tourism ventures may be considered but only where risks associated with the venture and the construction, maintenance and na replacement of proposed infrastructure can be demonstrated to be acceptable and manageable. Provide information about the importance of the wetlands to fishers. Consider M erecting a suitable sign on the riverside of the wetland or nearby launching ramps. Install where necessary and maintain or replace as needed, signage and barriers to H control access to and manage the reserve. 6.2 Visitor SSSafetySafetyafetyafety Assess the site to ensure hazards within the reserve lie within the acceptable risk H threshold of the Visitor Safety Rating. Install appropriate signage to caution visitors of risks faced when visiting the reserve. H 6.36.36.3 Engaging and Informing the Community Foster partnerships with the community and organisations that have an interest in promoting the reserve’s wetland values and in the sustainable management of the H reserve. Work with the community, NRM partners and local council to raise awareness and provide information about the reserve and wetlands, hygiene and the impacts of M dumping garden waste. Work with NRM partners and the local council to establish a Friends of Murphys M Flat group. Investigate the feasibility of providing a simple interpretive sign or sculpture on L wetlands that depicts the environmental and cultural significance of the reserve. 6.4 Research Foster links with NRM partners educational institutions and other organisations such M as the Derwent Estuary Program to encourage research and study of the wetlands. Apply hygiene measures when undertaking research activities. H Include hygiene measures in permit conditions. H 7 Effectiveness Monitoring and Plan Review Implement the monitoring actions as described in Appendix 1 (Key Desired M Outcomes, Indicators and Effectiveness Monitoring).

xiii

Contact details Parks and Wildlife Service GPO Box 1751 Hobart, Tasmania, 7001 1300 135 513 www.parks.tas.gov.au