Sikkim (8 Days, 7NIGHTS)
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Rapid Climate Vulnerability Assessment of Gangtok, Sikkim
February, 2018 RAPID CLIMATE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF GANGTOK, SIKKIM Developing Disaster Resilience Action Plan Through GIS & Prioritising Actions for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Agglomerations of Shillong & Gangtok Gangtok City, Sikkim Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, is located in the eastern Himalayan range. The city is flanked on east and west by two streams, namely Roro Chu and Ranikhola, respectively, comprising 17 municipal wards. These two rivers divide the natural drainage into two parts, the eastern and western parts. Fig 1: Gangtok City map Gangtok City Characteristics Indicators Characteristics Classification of the city Hill Location 27°20’N 88°37’E Area 19.016 sq.km Climate Type Subtropical highland climate Temperature Average Annual Maximum Temperature - 27°C Average Annual Minimum Temperature - 19°C Rainfall Average annual : 3494 mm Height above Mean Sea Level 1,676 m above MSL Fig2: The main road connecting Gangtok to other cities Fig3: Gangtok M G Marg and towns Steep slopes, vulnerability to landslides, large forest cover and inadequate access to most areas characterize Gangtok. Unplanned urbanization and rapid construction on the hill slopes has increased the risk of environmental degradation in Gangtok. Hazard Exposure Sl. No Hazard Type Exposure 1 Flash Flood Y 2 Drought/ Heat Wave N 3 Earthquakes Y 4 Landslides Y 5 Forest Fires Y 6 Heavy Rainfall Y 7 Hailstorms/thundering Y Hazard Timeline Index Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Landslides Flash Flood Hailstorm/thundering Forest -
Probabilistic Travel Model of Gangtok City, Sikkim, India FINAL.Pdf
European Journal of Geography Volume 4, Issue2: 46-54, 2013 © Association of European Geographers ANALYSIS OF TOURISM ATTRACTIVENESS USING PROBABILISTIC TRAVEL MODEL: A STUDY ON GANGTOK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Suman PAUL Krishnagar Govt. College, Department of Geography Nadia, West Bengal, India. Pin-741101 http://www.krishnagargovtcollege.org/ [email protected] Abstract: Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. The concept of tourism could be traced back to ancient times when people travelled with a view to acquiring knowledge of unknown lands and people, for the development of trade and commerce, for religious preaching and also for the sheer adventure of discovery. In fact the system of tourism involves a combination of travel, destination and marketing, which lead to a process of its cultural dimension. Gangtok as a core centre of Sikkim has potential command area over different tourist spots in East Sikkim, which are directly linked by a network of roads centering Gangtok and are perfectly accessible for one-day trips. The tourist attractions of East Sikkim are clustered mostly in and around Gangtok, the state capital. This study shows the tourism infrastructure as well as seasonal arrival of tourists in the Gangtok city and to develop the probabilistic travel model on the basis of tourist perception which will help the tourism department for the further economic development of the area. KeyWords: Eco-tourism, command area, tourist attractions, probabilistic travel model 1. INTRODUCTION Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. -
Minority Concentration District Project North Sikkim, Sikkim Sponsored By
Minority Concentration District Project North Sikkim, Sikkim Sponsored by the Ministry of Minority Affairs Government of India Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta R1, Baishnabghata Patuli Township Kolkata 700 094, INDIA. Tel.: (91) (33) 2462-7252, -5794, -5795 Fax: (91) (33) 24626183 E-mail: [email protected] Research Team Faculty: Prof. Partha Chatterjee, Dr. Pranab Kumar Das, Dr. Sohel Firdos, Dr. Saibal Kar, Dr. Surajit C. Mukhopadhyay, Prof. Sugata Marjit. Research Associate: Smt. Ruprekha Chowdhury. Research Assistants: Smt. Anindita Chakraborty, Shri Pallab Das, Shri Avik Sankar Moitra, Shri Ganesh Naskar and Shri Abhik Sarkar. Acknowledgment The research team at the CSSSC would like to thank Shri G. C. Manna, Deputy Director General, NSSO, Dr. Bandana Sen, Joint Director, NSSO, Shri S. T. Lepcha, Special Secretary, Shri P. K. Rai, Deputy Secretary, Social Justice, Empowerment and Welfare, Government of Sikkim, Shri T. N. Kazi, District Collector, Shri P. W. Lepcha, District Welfare Officer, Shri N. D. Gurung of the Department of Welfare of North Sikkim, and other department officials for their generous support and assistance in our work. 2 Content An Overview…………………………..….…………………...5 Significance of the Project……………………………………6 The Survey……...…………………………………………….8 Methodology…………………………………………………..9 Introducing Sikkim…………………………………………..10 North Sikkim………………………………………………….10 Demography………………………………………………….11 Selected Villages in Respective Blocks……………………..12 Findings……………………………………………………...13 1. Basic Amenities……………………………………..13 2. Education……………………………………………20 3. Occupation…………………………………………..30 4. Health………………………………………………..35 5. Infrastructure……………………………………….41 6. Awareness about Government Schemes……….….41 7. Other issues…………………………………………44 Recommendations…………………………………………...51 3 Appendices Table A1: General information………………………….….55 Table A2: Transport and Communication…………………55 Fig. A 1 Sources of Water………………………………..…..56 Fig. A2: Distance to Post-Office.……………………….……56 Fig. -
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (Glofs)
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: GLACIAL LAKE OUTBURST FLOODS (GLOFS) Binay Kumar and T.S. Murugesh Prabhu ABSTRACT orldwide receding of mountain glaciers is one of the most reliable evidences of the changing global climate. In high mountainous terrains, with the melting of glaciers, the risk of glacial Wrelated hazards increases. One of these risks is Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). As glaciers retreat, glacial lakes form behind moraine or ice ‘dams’. These ‘dams’ are comparatively weak and can breach suddenly, leading to a discharge of huge volume of water and debris. Such outbursts have the potential of releasing millions of cubic meters of water in a few hours causing catastrophic flooding downstream with serious damage to life and property. Glacier thinning and retreat in the Sikkim Himalayas has resulted in the formation of new glacial lakes and the enlargement of existing ones due to the accumulation of melt-water. Very few studies have been conducted in Sikkim regarding the impacts of climate change on GLOFs. Hence a time-series study was carried out using satellite imageries, published maps and reports to understand the impacts of climate change on GLOFs. The current study is focussed on finding the potential glacial lakes in Sikkim that may be vulnerable to GLOF. The results show that some of the glacial lakes have grown in size and are vulnerable to GLOF. Though extensive research is required to predict GLOFs, it is recommend that an early warning system, comprising of deployment of real time sensors network at vulnerable lakes, coupled with GLOF simulation models, be installed for the State. -
The PLATEAU – North Sikkim
JAPANESE ALPINE NEWS 2013 ● HARISH KAPADIA THE PLATEAU Mountains of Sikkim – China Border This was my fifth visit to the mountains of Sikkim. As a young student I was part of the training course of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute in 1964. The mountains of west Sikkim, like Kabru, Rathong, Pandim and host of others were attractive to my young eyes. I returned in 1976. No sooner Sikkim became a state on India two us, Zerksis Boga and I obtained permits and roamed the valleys for more than a month in the northwest Sikkim, covering Zemu glacier, Lhonak valley Muguthang, Lugnak la, Sebu la and returned via the Lachung valley. I returned a few times to Darjeeling and Sikkim valleys visiting the Singalila ridge, lakes of lower Sikkim and surroundings of Gangtok and Kalimpong. If you stretch the area to the south, I made several visits to Darjeeling and nearby hills over the years. Moreover in Sikkim the approach to different valleys is so varied that it gives a feeling of trekking in different Himalayan zones. 1 High Himalayan Unknown Valleys, by Harish Kapadia, p.156. (Indus Books, New Delhi, 2001). Also Himalayan Journal, Vol.35, p.181 57 ● JAPANESE ALPINE NEWS 2013 In no other country on earth can one find such a variety of micro-climates within such a short distance as Sikkim, declared the eminent English botanist and explorer Joseph Hooker in his Himalayan Journals (1854), which documented his work collecting and classifying thousands of plants in the Himalaya in the mid-19th century. In the shadow of the Himalayas, by John Claude White, 1883 – 1908. -
Sikkim University
Local Response to Global Environmental Initiatives: A Study of Sikkim A Dissertation Submitted To Sikkim University In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy By Namrata Rai Department of International Relations School of Social Sciences February 2017 Gangtok 737102 INDIA Date:6/2/2017 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Local Response to Global Environmental Initiatives: A Study of Sikkim” submitted to Sikkim University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy is my original work. This dissertation has not been submitted for any other degree of this university or any other university. Namrata Rai Registration No: 13SU11884 Roll No: 15MPIR05 The Department recommends that this dissertation be placed before the examiner for evaluation Dr. Manish Dr. Sebastian N. Head of the Department Supervisor February 6, 2017 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Local Response to Global Environmental Initiatives: A Study of Sikkim” submitted to Sikkim University for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy in International Relations, embodies the result of bona fide research work carried out by Namrata Rai under my guidance and supervision. No part of the dissertation is submitted for any other degrees, diploma, associate- ship and fellowship. All the assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been deeply acknowledged by her. Dr. Sebastian N. Supervisor Department of International Relations School of Social Sciences Sikkim University Place: Gangtok Date: 06.02.2017 PLAGIARISM CHECK CERTIFICATE This is to certify that plagiarism check has been carried out for the following M.Phil dissertation with the help of URKUND software and the result is within the permissible limit decided by University. -
North Eastern Region NW-2 National Waterway 2 NSDP Net State Domestic Product
Development and Growth in Northeast India The Natural Resources Water and Environment Nexus Strategy Report Strategy Report DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH IN NORTHEAST INDIA The Natural Resources, Water, and Environment Nexus Report No. 36397-IN Development and Growth in Northeast India The Natural Resources, Water, and Environment Nexus Strategy Report June 2007 South Asia Region Sustainable Development Department Environment & Water Resource Management Unit Document of the World Bank © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 First published, 2007 Produced by: Roots Advertising Services Pvt Ltd B-4/26, Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi - 110029, India Tel.: 26166493, 26104751 Fax: 26178688 E-mail: [email protected] Photo Credits: Biswasjyoti Das and Karin Kemper Printed at: PS Press Services Pvt. Ltd., India The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The report has been discussed with the Government of India, but does not necessarily bear their approval for all its contents, especially where the authors have stated their judgements/opinions/policy recommendations. This report has received funding from the UK Department for International Development, although the views expressed within do not necessarily reflect their official policy. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. -
Ground Water Scenario of Himalaya Region, India
Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region, India laiknu@Edited By: lq'khy xqIrk v/;{k Sushil Gupta Chairman Central Ground Water Board dsanzh; Hkwfe tycksMZ Ministry of Water Resources ty lalk/ku ea=kky; Government of India Hkkjr ljdkj 2014 Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; vuqØef.kdk dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k i`"B 1- ifjp; 1 2- ty ekSle foKku 23 3- Hkw&vkd`fr foKku 34 4- ty foKku vkSj lrgh ty mi;kst~;rk 50 5- HkwfoKku vkSj foorZfudh 58 6- Hkwty foKku 73 7- ty jlk;u foKku 116 8- Hkwty lalk/ku laHkko~;rk 152 9- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k esa Hkwty fodkl ds laca/k esa vfHktkr fo"k; vkSj leL;k,a 161 10- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k ds Hkwty fodkl gsrq dk;Zuhfr 164 lanHkZ lwph 179 Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region of India CONTENTS Executive Summary i Pages 1. Introduction 1 2. Hydrometeorology 23 3. Geomorphology 34 4. Hydrology and Surface Water Utilisation 50 5. Geology and Tectonics 58 6. Hydrogeology 73 7. Hydrochemistry 116 8. Ground Water Resource Potential 152 9. Issues and problems identified in respect of Ground Water Development 161 in Himalayan Region of India 10. Strategies and plan for Ground Water Development in Himalayan Region of India 164 Bibliography 179 ifêdkvks dh lwph I. iz'kklfud ekufp=k II. Hkw vkd`fr ekufp=k III. HkwoSKkfud ekufp=k d- fgeky; ds mRrjh vkSj if'peh [kaM [k- fgeky; ds iwohZ vkSj mRrj iwohZ [kaM rFkk iwoksZRrj jkT; IV. -
Rapid Biodiversity Survey Report-I 1
RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY REPORt-I 1 RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY REPORT - I Bistorta vaccinifolia Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP) Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management Department Government of Sikkim Rhododendron barbatum Published by : Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project (SBFP) Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim, Deorali, Gangtok - 737102, Sikkim, India All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Department of Forest, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim, Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Project Director, Sikkim Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Management Project, Department of Forests, Environment and Wildlife Management, Government of Sikkim. 2 RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY REPORt-I Contents Page No. 5 Message 6 Forward 7 Preface 8 Acknowledgement 9 Introduction 12 Rapid Biodiversity Survey. 14 Methodology 16 Sang - Tinjurey sampling path in Fambonglho Wildlife Sanctuary, East Sikkim. 24 Yuksom - Dzongri - Gochela sampling path of Kanchendzonga Biosphere reserve, West Sikkim 41 Ravangla - Bhaleydunga sampling path, Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary, South Sikkim. 51 Tholoung - Kishong sampling path, Kanchendzonga National Park, North Sikkim. -
Yumthang-Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary
Important Bird Areas in India - Sikkim YUMTHANG-SHINGBA RHODODENDRON WILDLIFE SANCTUARY SK-11 IBA Site Code : IN-SK-11 State : Sikkim District : North Sikkim Coordinates : 27° 50' 28" N, 88° 44' 21" E Ownership : State Forest Department Area : 43,000 ha Altitude : 3,234 - 3,700 m Rainfall : Not available Temperature : Not available Biogeographic Zone : Trans-Himalaya Habitats : Himalayan Moist Temperate, Subtropical Broadleaf Hill Forest, Subtropical Pine Forest, Alpine Moist Scrub, Alpine Moist Pasture IBA CRITERIA: A1 (Threatened Species), A2 (Endemic Bird Area 130: Eastern Himalayas), A3 (Biome-5: Eurasian High Montane, Biome-7: Sino-Himalayan Temperate Forest, Biome-8: Sino-Himalayan Subtropical Forest) PROTECTION STATUS: Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1984 GENERAL DESCRIPTION shingle beds of the Yumthang Chu in small numbers, usually not Straddling the Yumthang river, the Sanctuary which lies beyond more than two pairs. Grandala, a local altitudinal migrant, is seen the frontier village of Lachung in North Sikkim, is characterized sometimes in apparently all-female flocks. Blood Pheasant by Temperate Silver Fir - Rhododendron forest at the head of the Ithaginis cruentus and Himalayan Monal Lophophorus impejanus narrow Lachung Valley surrounded by towering snowy mountains. breed in the higher reaches of the Sanctuary while the Himalayan Rhododendron trees laden with trailing lichens provide good Griffon Gyps himalayensis is a resident of the cold desert. Gould’s habitat for avifauna and flora. Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary Shortwing Brachypteryx stellata, Rufous-bellied Crested Tit Parus is home to the endemic Rhododendron niveum, the State Tree. rubidiventris and the restricted range Hoary-throated Barwing Yumthang meadows adjacent to Yumthang-Lachung river provide Actinodura nipalensis are common in forest patches. -
Conservation & Adaptation In
Conservation & Adaptation in Asia’s High Mountains Issue #2 | July 2016 worldwildlife.org/AHM Research: female snow leopard fitted with GPS collar in Nepal. Her collar will provide conservationists with valuable 2 information that will help safeguard the future of snow leopards. Saving Snow Leopards: good news from Mongolia Participants at the GSLEP workshop. ©WWF-US and Pakistan. Children in Mongolia led a 3 UPDATE FROM GSLEP successful campaign to save snow leopards from traps, while Workshop on Landscape Management Pakistan has been able to reduce snow leopard killings drastically. Planning to Conserve the Snow Leopard Written by Matthias Fiechter, Snow Leopard Trust Climate: inside a Earlier this spring, experts and representatives from nine snow Kyrgyz effort to leopard range countries met in Kathmandu, Nepal, for a workshop manage river basins. on climate smart conservation planning at the landscape level to protect the iconic snow leopard. Communities are working on a watershed management plan that 3 Snow leopards use vast home ranges of several hundred square will safeguard the Chon Kyzyl-Suu kilometers. To protect them, the twelve snow leopard range river basin in a changing climate. countries identified the need to go beyond isolated protected areas and conduct conservation efforts at a larger landscape level. In October 2013, all 12 range countries came together and Sustainable unanimously endorsed the Bishkek Declaration on Snow Leopard Livelihoods: Conservation that culminated into the Global Snow Leopard and communities in India Ecosystem Protection Program (GSLEP). and Bhutan taking This workshop was part of the GSLEP process to secure 20 snow care of nature. -
Static GK Digest
www.gradeup.co 1 www.gradeup.co Static GK Digest Dear Readers, This Static GK Digest is a complete docket of important information of Static topics. The Static GK Digest is important and relevant for all competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC and Govt. Exams. LIST OF NATIONAL PARK AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES States National park Remarks Andhra Pradesh Papikonda National Park - Sri Venkateswara National Park - Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary Arunachal Pradesh Mouling National Park - Namdapha National Park - Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary Assam Kaziranga National Park One-Horned Rhinoceros, UNESCO World Heritage Site Dibru-Saikhowa National Park Feral horse, Golden Langur Golden Langur, Red Panda, UNESCO World Heritage Manas National Park Site Nameri National Park - Orang National Park - Bihar Valmiki National Park - Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary Chhattisgarh Indravati National Park - Kanger Valley National Park - Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay) National Park - Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary Goa Mollem National Park - Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary Gujarat Gir Forest National Park Asiatic lion Blackbuck National Park Black Buck Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch - Vansda National Park - Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary 2 www.gradeup.co Haryana Kalesar National Park - Sultanpur National Park - Himachal Pradesh Pin Valley National Park - Great Himalayan National Park UNESCO World Heritage Site Inderkilla National Park - Khirganga National Park - Simbalbara National Park - Jammu & Kashmir Dachigam National Park Kashmir stag Hemis National Park