District Climate Resilience Plan of Chitrakoot

April, 2019

An initiative of CAN South Asia and EFICOR in co-operation with Directorate of Environment, Government of Uttar Pradesh and District Administration of Chitrakoot, Uttar Pradesh EFICOR 308, Mahatta Tower, B 54 Community Centre, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058, India email: [email protected] Website: www.eficor.org

Layout and Design by EFICOR Printed by Bosco Society for Printing and Graphic Training CHITRAKOOT

Chitrakoot District Vulnerability to Climate Change (L) and Adaptive Capacity Index (R)1

The two maps indicate the high vulnerability of Chitrakoot district to Climate Change and its relatively very low capacity to adapt to the changes and impacts

1 For index methodology, refer http://www.iegindia.org/upload/publication/Workpap/wp337.pdf Message from Director of Environment, GoU.P.

FOREWORD

(i) (ii) FOREWORD

(iii) Acknowledgement & Reflection

It is apt to recognise this contribution as compiling of information from secondary and primary sources, in an attempt to bring development and climate perspectives on the same page informed by local context of the district.

In this endeavour, I would like to recognise the support of the Department of Environment, Government of Uttar Pradesh and the administration of the Chitrakoot district. Their endorsement to this initiative is key to making the effort worthy of everyone’s engagement. I also acknowledge the mentoring provided by Project Advisory Committee comprising-

1. Prof Vinod Sharma & Dr Shyamli Singh, Indian Institute of Public Administration, Delhi 2. Dr AA Khan, former OSD, Department of Environment, GoU.P., Lucknow 3. Avanish Kumar, Professor, Management Development Institute (iv) (MDI), Gurgaon 4. Dr Bhanu Mall, Secretary, PGVS Lucknow 5. Zeenat Niazi, Vice-President, Development Alternatives, Delhi 6. M. Ramesh Babu Director Programs, EFICOR, Delhi 7. Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia

Chitrakoot is particularly prone to heat waves, scarcity of water and disease outbreak leading to associated-issues that get triggered. The other risk is from heavy rainfall in short period of time that puts stress on dams, thus, making regular desiltation an important maintenance activity. Building climate resilience requires inter-departmental convergence of planning for disasters and maintenance of critical infrastructure that must be functioning at all times.

There is no local specialised climate change adaptation and R&D institution that is researching on projected climate impacts with empirical evidence at the district level to be able to provide advisory to district administration. A few institutions such as Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute of ICAR at Jhansi and Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidhyalaya would need expansion of mandate, disciplines, faculty, laboratories and other infrastructure. New institutions of education, R&D to address local issues using local resources, healthcare, economy, innovation for enterprise et al are essential for long-term sustainable development of a region – so their quality of work, management team, and service delivery needs to be of optimum level to meet the needs of the local stakeholders.

The work of research and educational institutions needs to be linked to efforts and plans of other local stakeholders such as District Planning Committee (DPC), health, agriculture and water departments, media, etc. They should be the first choice in commissioning research and analysis for the district in the areas of district level priorities. The district administration can provide support to them in the form of cost effective land in proximity to their stakeholders such as skilled training institutions to hire talent, necessary infrastructure and budget support.

Additionally, climate impacts also have implications for methodologies to build infrastructure including materials, structural designs, inter-sectoral linkages, contingency plans, et al. The latest research on new designs, materials as well as retrofitting existing infrastructure needs to be commissioned in the (v) district along with training of concerned departments. The District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) should be developed and updated at all times including in scope the disasters due to climate risks relevant to Chitrakoot.

Rural Agriculture Extension Officers (RAEO) and Technical Support Group (TSG) at Gram Panchayat level are proven examples of existing mechanisms that can be utilised to communicate climate impacts and solutions in local context. An important aspect is to ensure inter-departmental coordination, representation and convergence in the communication mechanism.

The key principles of SDGs – “leaving no one behind”, reaching the farthest first and universal coverage, along with gender equality - are essential for climate resilience. Several Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Municipalities are in need of assistance to develop their governance capabilities to deliver on SDGs through inclusive local governance with focus on optimum utilisation of available resources.

As Panchayats have representation of Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes and other backward sections of society, and are institutions closest to the grass¬roots, strengthening Panchayats will promote equity and inclusiveness, along with social justice and economic development of the community, all of which is essential for resilience.

This focus on local governance units needs to be embedded in the design of all capacity building interventions including trainings, training modules and materials. Priority needs to be given to subjects of national importance that affects the excluded groups the most, for example, poverty, primary health services, nutrition, immunisation, sanitation, education, water conservation, digital transactions, etc. Increased use of e-governance by PRIs along with adequate human resources and infrastructure will help achieve improved service delivery and transparency.

The schemes such as Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA), Mission Antyodaya’s 50,000 Gram Panchayats and 115 aspirational districts as identified by NITI Aayog include Chitrakoot and are designed keeping in view programmatic convergence for achievement of SDGs, including SDG (vi) #1 – ending poverty in all forms everywhere. The people of the district and essential ecosystem services will benefit from a sincere, diligent, long-term perspective-based exercise of convergence. This DCRP is a humble attempt to support this exercise.

Yours truly,

Anoop Poonia CAN South Asia

April 2019. Message from CANSA & EFICOR

India accounts for about 17 per cent of the world’s population but only 4 per cent of the world fresh water resources. Distribution of these water resources across the vast expanse of the country is also uneven. Therefore, as incomes rise and the need for water rises, the pressure for efficient use of highly scarce water resources will rise manifold. As per the international norms, a country is classified as Water Stressed and Water Scarce if per capita water availability goes below 1700 m3 and 1000 m3, respectively. With 1544 m3 per capita water availability, India is already a water-stressed country and moving towards becoming water scarce. While the stress on limited water resources in the country is rising, the scarcity is not reflected in use of water. India uses 2-4 times water to produce one unit of major food crops as compared to other major agricultural countries like China, Brazil, USA (Hoekstra and Chapagain 2008). These variations imply that if India attains water use efficiency of those countries it can save at least half of water presently used for irrigation purposes. (vii) Climate change brings new uncertainties, adds new risks, exacerbates existing ones and increases vulnerabilities. The most effective way to adapt to climate change is to enhance adaptive capacity of people’s life and livelihood by building resilient sectors on which they depend on. In the evolving context of climate impacts at local level, the policies governing climate action need to be grounded, pertinent to people’s need and wants while holding on to sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystem restoration.

The post 2015 development agenda is influenced by three global agreements –Sendai framework of Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Agreement. These agreements have raised the political profile of climate resilience. The Paris Agreement inscribes a global goal for adaptation, which requires collective climate action at local, regional, national and international level.

Effective policy making plays a significant role in building resilience to climate change. Policies set the tone to create enabling environment for climate action and dealing with inherent structural inequalities. Speaking of inequalities, people of the Chitrakoot district in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh survive in degenerated natural resources. In the absence of alternative livelihood options, people rely on subsistent agriculture with diminishing returns. Frequent disasters such as drought, heat waves, water stress and others result in lower performance in all human development indicators.

Being the unit of reference for implementation in India, effective policy making could emerge strongly at district level. The District Climate Resilience Plan (DCRP) of Chitrakoot district is an attempt to do just that. The DCRP explores the points of convergence – climate concerns into district development plans in climate sensitive sectors. It identifies policy gaps and provides practical, grounded and workable suggestion to improve the status- quo in priority sectors agriculture, livestock, irrigation, renewable energy, health and nutrition, forest and land use.

Putting emphasis on effectiveness, we believe the DCRP will be useful to all the concerned government departments and implementing entities. Throughout the process of putting the plan together, the approach has been consultative and fact-based, whether empirical or from literature. We sincerely hope the district administration will be able to make efficient use of this exercise. (viii) Yours truly,

M. Ramesh Babu, EFICOR

Sanjay Vashist, CAN South Asia

Table of Contents

Chapters Content Page No. 1. District Planning Key to Address Climate Risks and 1 Build Resilience 1.1 • Linking District Planning with SDGs and Paris 2 Agreement to Build Resilience 1.2 • District Climate Resilience Planning (DCRP) 3 2. DCRP Planning Process 7 2.1 • Climate Risk Profile of Bundelkhand and Chitrakoot 8 2.2 • Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability 10 2.3 • Integrating Climate Concerns in District Development 11 3. Climate Resilience Priorities 13 3.1 • Drinking Water Sufficiency 14 3.2 • Agriculture Productivity & Livestock Resilience 19 3.3 • Livelihood Options & Income Security 26 3.4 • Nutrition Security & Access to Healthcare 27 3.5 • Ecological Balance 29 4. Building Climate Resilience 30 4.1 • Institutional Set-up for DCRP at District Level 31 4.2 • Planning & Implementation with Indicators for Climate 31 Resilience 5. Annexures and Case Studies 44 6. References 51 Climate and Bu Risks District PlanningDistrict Ke 1 ild Resilience ild y to Address

Page 1 55 Page 2 55 1.1 LinkingDistrictPlanningwithSDGsandParis Agreement toBuildResilience climate change when– of hazards to vulnerable and exposed more relatively specifically. are People climate change hazards to people in general and certain communities/regions Structural inequalities on the ground matter when examining the impacts of ensure real-time flexibility based onchangingground realities. the level at which planning can effectively include people’s requirements and to local resources and knowledge as well as quick response potential. It is also efficiency, significant accessof advantages to due system governance a Indian in position holds planning level District justice. social and goods public 73 per as respectively, government Local context. strategy,and mechanisms avowedIndian the decentralisedare and planning local apply per to as is models administration development district customised of role the Accordingly, natural growth. in for districts across potential and diversity gains development incidence, extreme poverty endowments, resource with federation a is India planning sub-national and mechanisms – international national these to them meet linking to while structure commitments federal a constituted has India of Indian of implemented only as part resilienceof decentralised governance. Thus, the best Government building are goals their and at agreements These ecosystem. and aimed economy determined society, are (nationally UNFCCC NDC India’s to in contribution) submitted measures adaptation climate and changing SDGs the to of Most 2015. in nations 190 over by Sustainable UN to participant Development Goals (SDGs) and Paris Agreement on Climate Change signed keen and signatory important an is India • • • • • • • for diversifyingtheirincome sources; their livelihoods depend on natural resources and they have few options Central andstatesponsored schemestomeet SDGs State ActionPlanonClimateChange (SAPCC) National ActionPlanonClimateChange (NAPCC) appropriate facilities. persons withdisabilitiesandolder personshave inadequate access to services; or, they have lowlevelsofeducation andinadequate access tohealth they are withoutappropriate access toinsurance andfinancialmarkets; rd n 74 and th mnmn t esr dlvr o several of delivery ensure to amendment Climate Resilience ability ofanecosystemorcommunitytosurvivedisruption isthe knowledge andlearning from pastinterventionsinsimilarcontext torefer to. traditional practices, best are there nevertheless, region, could local the opportunities to unique and be challenges These Panchayat. Administration, Zila District as and such Municipalities levels governance local and the challenges at the for opportunities plan and anticipate understand, to important is it and trends, long-term and disruption short-term both addresses resilience Climate transformations needed tobuildclimate-resilient andsustainablesocieties.” of integrated policiesinterventionstoaddress structural immediateneedsandenablethe resilience.climate of building resilience,Building therefore, requires a the including development, sustainable for required in process lead transformation the the take effectively to them enable to as way a such in systems making policy strengthen to opportunity unique a providesworld”, our “transforming of vision its with Development, Sustainable for Agenda 2030 the of adoption The play. to role a major have definitely will making policy effective context, this In the causes underlyingsuchstructural inequalities. addressing entail must resilience change climate of building the effective, Tobe eeomn poes ih ao fcs n ae aalblt, aua resources protection and restoration, natural availability, water on focus major with process development integralchangean climate needsregularmade for impacts of be Planning part to infrastructure, andenvironmental conservation. including spatial planning, water and other Municipalities physical/natural resources, integratedand Panchayats for plan Gram holistic a develop to mandated accumulating is DPC The areas. Panchayat urban in Municipalities Zila and (GPDP) Plans (DPC), Development Panchayat Committee Planning between coordination District through out carried currently is planning level District 1.2 DistrictClimateResilience Planning(DCRP) climate change. long-standing by exacerbated addressingfurther are which vulnerability at and inequality,poverty, of issues aimed programmatic governance convergence, to view bring holistic to and India approach in launched schemes multiple of basis the as acting SDGs on stewardship thought the providing is Aayog NITI change impacts. climate of face the in flourish and adapt, anticipate, to and life of ways normal their to “continuum

Page 3 55 Page 4 55 The situation in Bundelkhand districts requires integrated bottom-up integrated requires districts in Bundelkhand situation The 1.2.1 the additionalityofclimateactionontopregular developmentplan. for new and be need plan, the may approaches, There methods, into tools accordingly.and funding for some aligned aspects of built resilience to be fulfil to be need to budgets the need strategies adaptation by followed to disruption of assessment vulnerability risks climate a environment, addressing and economy society, local is DPC by Plan District the ensure To of cost reduction andprotection oflifeandproperty. for various developmentprioritiesaswellinmanyareas there are benefits infrastructure. of critical There are multiple co-benefits of climate maintenance adaptation strategies and inclusion, financial welfare, social healthcare, sustainable farm practices, livelihoods security, education and skills training, 4. 3. 2. 1. dynamic nature oftheissue – ( to F.L.I.P. here suggested been have principles guiding four of set a Additionally, Behind” one of mantras the through SDGs UnitedNations and India of Government the by provided been already has framework The the to empowerment oftoday’s vulnerable sections ofsocietyby– way the leads which framework, development broader a of part specific be on functionaries must responses middle-to-junior-level policy Tospecific issues. highly however,successful,these be and experts high-level planning, inter-departmental policy convergence, and coordination between aka scenario of no action to addressaka scenario of no risks from climate change • • •

F.L.I.P. P I L F weakness. changing thenormsmaintainingtheirsocial,economic andpolitical and sanitation; extending theiraccess toqualitybasicservices suchashealth, education markets; improving theirasset positionsaswellaccess toinputandproduct nclusivity lexibility earning reventive management the projected and expected situation in “business as usual” scenario usual” as “business in situation expected and projected the , respectively. –Four Principles ofClimateResilience Planning “Convergence” and ) to address the “Leaving No- The most under-represented and/or excluded sections of society are oftenthe society of sections excluded and/or under-represented most The 3. I knowledge isimportantforarobust, relevant andcost-effective districtplan. traditional community’s including stakeholders local and institutions research various by produced knowledge Incorporatingagility. their for governance local into processes knowledge-sharing and learning continuous build to necessary is it Therefore, be. will plan each successful how precisely know to or future term long- the about certainty absolute have to possible not is it face, might region a rangea accuratefor as plan be and to impacts anticipate possibleclimate to as of planning developmental during goal the is it While circumstances. changing on A flexible, adaptive governance requires continuous learning to be made available 2. L are addressed allchallenges is bestsuited todemonstrate thisneeded flexibilitytolocal situations. ensure administration district will The adequately. utilised opportunities and appropriately capacity adaptive andmore The more important. is becoming andimplementation planning local in behaviour,flexibility climatic local and patterns weather of uncertainty increasing With 1. F not exist orwerenot low inintensity. did risks climate if even region the for benefits additional with governance to approach regrets” “no a is change climate on action taking world, policy climate in noted often is it As planning. resilience climate for specifically besides processes, implementation and The and torrential rain. community cattle shelters that are built to withstand heat waves, drought, floods, and anganwadis schools, hospitals, as such services essential run to supply power 24x7 renewable, reliable, a uses that one be will community resilient a example, efforts that is, managing the consequences of a changed and changing climate. For impacts in the first place. Resilience blends adaptation and disaster risk reduction Resilience is also about ensuring that we do as much as possible to prevent/reduce 4. P departments andotherstakeholders helpstoensure inclusivedevelopment. government various betweencollaboration and policies/schemes Convergenceof for applies also ofplanning principle This planning. welfare social with as just the centre resilience climate at be kept to to access need of they Thus, lack administration. or local planning development in non-inclusion to due worsened disproportionately face They further is change. which least, the is impacts withstand to capacity their while climate risks high of impacts to vulnerable most nclusivity lexibility earning reventive management F.L.I.P. set of principles can beadopted setofprinciples across alldistrictlevelgovernance, planning

Page 5 55 Page 6 55 n ass te P’ ts o dvlpn a itit ln ht uls climate builds that Plan District a developing resilience ofChitrakoot of district. task DPC’s the assist and development of areas key in risks climate address to taken be can that approach The DCRP will apply these principles in the following chapters to demonstrate the DCRP Planning PlanDCRP 2 ning Process

Page 7 55 Page 8 55 an average of 47 degrees Celsius in most of its 13 districts. The annual average annual The surface districts. temperature is projected to rise and this will adversely impact availability13 its of most in Celsius degrees 47 of average an with hit worst the of one is and climate semi-humid and hot a has Bundelkhand 1ºC. above already India of parts with warming,average global of 0.86ºC of impacts seeing already is region The century. this of end the by 3.5°C - 2 about by higher be to Training and likely for Institute Nations by United Research (UNITAR) has predicted that average temperatures in Bundelkhand region are experiments modelling climatic The 2100, impactingagriculture, health andsurvival. to climate impacts, with vast swathes becoming too hot for habitation by the year Reports under India. achieved of vulnerability the be in increase exponential to an is aspiredthere Agreement), Paris goal increase temperature global (the 1.5ºC for agriculturecontinueal greenhouseet the exhaust to gas emissions(GHG) budget As global emissions from burning carbon-intensive fuels, deforestation, industrial 2.1 ClimateRiskProfile ofBundelkhandandChitrakoot precipitation. region has demonstrated a high vulnerability to changes in local temperatures and the and PradeshUttar of regions other the to compared as highest is proportion water agriculture, rain-fed resources and forests for their livelihood, sensitive health, nutrition and shelter needs. This climate highly on dependent directly are the of third one than more areasthese in arehouseholds considered be to and 2011) Chitrakoot (Census areas of rural 90% in most. lives the population deprived and poor the impacts change Climate 2.1.1 ClimateChange andPoverty found tobequitelow. is capacity adaptive the while variation rainfall annual and temperatures extreme on high be to found is change climate of impact potential The livelihood security intheregion. disturbing the web of life, as well as impact agriculture and health that are key to waterof resources, increaseleadto localnaturallosses of in resources speciesand 3 2 http://www.iegindia.org/upload/publication/Workpap/wp337.pdf https://www.eenews.net/assets/2018/03/21/document_cw_01.pdf 2 indicate that India is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world the in countries vulnerable most the of one is India that indicate Below Poverty the (BPL) Line 3 in Chitrakoot as per reports per as Chitrakoot in sothey omly tee r 5 riy as n udlhn wie n at yas h period the years 6 last in while Bundelkhand in days rainy 52 are there Normally, and lifeassets. agriculture of lifeline the were these and ago years of hundreds built tanks water the region has historically been supplied with water from large number of surface Hamirpur,and Banda havegrounddistricts poor other very waterall Thus, yield. Chitrakoot, in land the of third a about and Jhansi for Except discharge. annual their in fluctuations seasonal high have rivers The proposition. unsustainable an irrigation for mining groundwater making thus, recharging, insufficient or and renewal of table rate water of exhaustion quick aquifers, of water-yield poor exceptionally with rock, hard is Bundelkhand in land the of cent per 90 Around 2.1.2 Topography, andClimateImpacts Hydrology the compounded have challenges faced intheregion. extraction groundwater uncontrolled and tanks water encroached/polluted as such issues environmental human-induced Additionally, as irregular rainfall have led to large-scale forced migration of The the local population. opportunities. livelihood other such local climate of waterfluctuations and to food due livelihoods, insecurityof and employment of lack of because years recent the in critical extremely become has region the in situation poverty The and rivers,eroding thesurface soilsandgave risetoravines. in streams floods flash the to rise gave cover forest of loss The ethics. and mores social pattern, life people’sproductivity, soil pattern, recharge groundwater the rivers, the of character perennial the patterns, rainfall the climate, the changed forests of destruction The drought. was there still and districts many in normal by exacerbated now above was rainfall the when 2011 in as thereafter, scarcity such north, water and run-off to south the water rapid of because floods flash of risk the faces also fromregion the deforestation, topography sloping to Due while pulses delaying sowingofseeds forothervarieties. and oilseeds as such crops affected rains heavy The situation. like flood- to ledJuly, which in rainfall excess experienced it and 2016 June of month The the in conditions. rain inadequate drier and drought in severe by marked yields was region potential Bundelkhand the of reduction in culminates and harvesting delays turn in which sowing, in delay causes monsoon the in shift The migration. cholera, malnutrition, as such issues socio-economic and conditions drought frequent to leading area large losses, a in rates evaporationrun-off water rainfall high high and trends, rainfall erratic experienced has Bundelkhand month (fromexpected toshiftbyone JulytoAugust). is season precipitation major the change climate to Due days. 24 to restricted been has

Page 9 55 Page 10 55 climate change issuggested tominimisetheimpactofclimatechange. to adaptation therefore, variables, climatic in changes regulate or stop to option district has experienced greater change in climate and variability. Since there is no of part rural the that means variability.It and change climate to exposed highly is which district, Chitrakoot in high is areas rural on change climate potential of impact the Pradesh, Uttar from Evidence Change: Climate to Vulnerability Increases Backwardness Socioeconomic on 337 No. WorkingPaper IEG’s per As 2.2 AdaptiveCapacityandVulnerability water are andbetteruseofwater allcrucialforBundelkhand. savings technology conditions, water management, watershed development, sustainable use of surfacethese Given day. a in trips multiple making containers, water multiple carrying to an inch-and-half left underground. Women travel 3 km one way to fetch water, Water tables in many areas have fallen down up to 300 feet, with water rising only of theircapacity) anduntimely, affecting adequate irrigation. 50% to 40% (operatingonly sub-optimal irrigationinadequate,at projects, is etc.) several reports that indicate that the quantity of water from these sources (canals, averagethe though Even gross Chitrakoot),irrigatedin (25% area40% is there are on theagriculture sector, allthesevariables are related toit. dependent is population district the of majority area.As sown net hectareof per kilogramme in capacity storage and area; irrigated net of percentage kilometres; square thousand per road built of length total villages; electrified of percentage ruralregulatedof number population; markets hectarelakh per area;sown net of lakh per societies agriculture primary of number - on based was infrastructure intensity.cropping infrastructure,Ruralruralcredit,and to access holding, farm average line, poverty below living people of percentage prices, current at output agriculture of value the by measured income farm rate, literacy rural societies, relevant rural The evaluate 1998). its adaptive capacity - number of farmer members (Scoones of primary cooperative physical characteristics and of Chitrakoot district to represent these capital assets were used social, to financial, human, natural, capacity: adaptive region’s a determine can assets capital of types Five vulnerable to climate change in a study by the National Initiative on Climate on Initiative National the by study a in change most climate be the to to vulnerable found is also low district The with left. the on high figure the by is indicated as change climate to impacts exposure climate to vulnerable highly considered is district capacity,the adaptive the Since change. climate to Chitrakoot rural of capacity adaptive low very indicates right the on figure The (GoI 2012).The stateslipped tothe 16 the 14 at UP ranked 2011 Report Development Human National the report, that Since and males between of development districts of females were quitehighinthem. disparity other and than levels results poverty stronger still Bundelkhand, comparatively had Chitrakoot and Jhansi sectors across alldistrictsofstate. on which development is to be assessed. The Department, report found wide disparities in these Planning State of U.P.of Government three as health core income, and sectorseducation identifies Secretaries in2008 Principal and (U.P.) released Secretary Chief Pradesh forby Uttar Report Development Human The and humandevelopment. Climate services welfare social income, list. of loss of districts risk further at backward district the put most impacts 200 India’s in featured has Chitrakoot 2.3 Integrating ClimateConcerns inDistrictDevelopment Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)(Venkateswarlu etal.2012). th position among major states in terms of the Human Development Index Development Human the of terms in states major among position th positionaccording totheUnited Nations

Page 11 55 Page 12 55 ao wl maue rges n rn dsrcs s e ter efrac o 5 on performance criteria – their per as districts rank and progress measure will Aayog priorities as a way to effectively transform them. This initiative anchored by NITI and fruits hanging low strengths, district’s each to given focus priority through districts across the country including Chitrakoot aims to remove this heterogeneity Aspirational Districts’ (TAD) initiative started in 2017 ‘Transformation of by GoI outcome, that The has selected index. 115 social development human the key in ahead achieving move can U.P. in progress lesser relatively shown have which There are significant inter-district variations in the state. By uplifting the districts, A closer look at the data reveals high heterogeneity in the living standards in U.P. below BiharandJharkhand(NITIAayog 2018). even states, major the among lowest the UP ranks Aayog NITI the by prepared Index Development Health recent The (NCERTgroup2014). bottom the among UP puts Index Development Education Training and Research Educational of ensure strategies are kept relevant tothedistrict’s needs andsituation. to essential is consultation.adjustment and evaluation and monitoring, continuous Additionally, customisation convergence, resilience through climate governance integrate district to order in in proposed are strategies new gaps, are later intheplan– detailed are that priorities key as criteria following the on focus to chooses thus, (DCRP), Plan Resilience Climate District The resilience. climate to key also are capacity.district’sadaptive evaluatea to Incidentally, assets criteria/capital these used earlier to referred paper working IEG’s that assets capital are criteria These • • • • • risks • • • • • • • • financial inclusionandskilldevelopment agriculture andwater resources basic infrastructure education health andnutrition Governance capacity ofMunicipalitiesandPRIs toaddress climate Forests, wildlifeandlanduse Disaster riskreduction andcritical infrastructure Access toinformation,local R&D, andknowledge Nutrition andaccess tohealthcare Livelihood optionsandsecurity Agriculture andlivestockresilience Drinking water sufficiency Climate Resistance 3

Priorities

Page 13 55 Page 14 55 situation from climaterisks emerging and context local the to flexible being while tools planning and schemes laws, andecosystem throughof district peoples, economy convergence ofallrelevant policies, the DCRP is designed to be a handbook that provides an approach to achieving level, resilience district at resilience climate build to planning effective for need the Considering Administration with– T strategic response terrain tothe andhydrology ofBundelkhand. a were downstreamsides the on embankments build to region the of topography sloping the using streams many tapping by built reservoirs surface and lakes tanks, water The etc. forlimited irrigation. tanks, wells, the used farmers vegetation.growthThe of abundant resultedthe in moisture soil increased the and wells in water of level the increased levels, water to ensure a satisfactory level of groundwater. The tanks enriched the underground the tanks hundred several of and network a established livelihoods They region. the of the development supporting of means a as water conserving in interest 10 the between rulers Bundela and Chandela The 3.1.1 Lessons from thewater-surplus historyofBundelkhand 3.1 DrinkingWater Sufficiency and suggested approach toaddressing therisks. context of Chitrakoot district on current challenges, expected issues in the future In the following sections, key climate resilience priorities are elaborated using the he DistrictClimateResilience Plan(DCRP)aimstosupporttheDistrict Administration with– District the support to aims (DCRP) Plan Resilience Climate District The • •

under severe stress. planning bydistrictadministration durable andrelevant toanarea for traditional knowledge andpractices thatholdthepotentialtomake Make aparticipatoryandinclusiveactionplanwithadequate scope collaborative management ofnatural resources; through convergence ofinter-departmentaldevelopmentplanningand Effective management of vagaries ofnature andclimatechange impacts th and18 th centuries took a keena took centuries urban areas, large-scale shopping and residential complexes were raised closed to raisedwereclosedcomplexes residential areas,and large-scaleurban shopping village In of settlements. expansion were the cropsflattened to for paddy or raise these villages, the commonresources have been privatised tanks Many fisheries. of development for In encroached. or disuse into fell and neglected stand tanks traditional the usefulness, their Despite up. dried have for purposes water used drinking wells masonry and traditional as well as ponds and tanks the Chitrakoot.of Most in crisis The water drinking levels. severe to consumption led projected have spells and drought multiple current the meet to sources water of The key challenge in climate-constrained district of Chitrakoot is the sustainability 3.1.2 Current situationandchallenges by for Water paid Users guards Associations (WUAs), through Farmers maintenance Co-operatives and bodies State Government. water of mechanism the back bring to need considerablyreduced. a had is There etc. tanks ponds, wells, the by the to led silting of the turn tank beds, etc. in By the end of which the 20th century, maintenance, the total the area irrigated in decline a to led which thereafter stopped then and tanks the for (guards) Chowkidars the for paying by tanks the control overlocal natural resources. Till1970s,thestategovernments maintained their of people divesting farmers, the to water sell to order themto in tanks existing the linked and canals constructed 1860, post Administration, British The thousands ofhand pumpsdefunct.Water scarcity alsotriggered caste conflicts of rainwater and over-exploitation resulted into depletion of groundwater leaving groundwaterInadequaterunoff rockyterrain,rechargehigh to region due this in sometimes removing water hyacinth andotherweeds. and/or boundaries the repairing light-posts, fixing to limited were measures The tanks that has been undertaken can be considered as essentially cosmetic in effect. the of maintenance Any them. maintain to made was effort little though bodies removinganti-encroachmentencroachmentswaterdrive froman 3,852 launch to catchment (from where they get their water), urging the then government in 2014 and pools have been encroached upon in the region, losing their original area and MGNREGS) in the last decade. Apart from the vanished water bodies, 4,424 ponds In Mahoba, water bodies have increased by 1,402 (includes small ponds dug during in Jhansi. 2,459 remaining the and Banda in 869 Hamirpur, in 541 Chitrakoot, in were 151 ponds, as per the reply to a query filed under the Right to Information (RTI). Out of these 4,020 2010 till decade disappearedhavethe ponds in 4,020 region,UP’sabout Bundelkhand In the tanksfillingthemupwithfilthand drain/sewer disposals.

Page 15 55 Page 16 55 21 suy y ainl nttt o Dsse Mngmn (IM talks (NIDM) Management Disaster of Institute National by study 2014 A Drought: natural andhuman-induced causes be monitored andmanaged. than 50%. Water consumption and wastage in urban and peri-urban areas needs to more is countries industrialised rich in industry by consumption water of share distress migration, it will put pressure on limited water availability, as comparable While industrialisationispromoted asameans toaddress unemploymentand and salineintrusioninaquifers. could result in frequent and prolonged periods of high or low groundwater levels, haveand quality effectsserious health on people. of Greater in variability rainfall water ground deteriorate further could which demand rising and water surface of availability less to due extraction water ground Climate increase tohealth. further risk will change and posing drinking for unfit it making water ground in levels recommended above is contaminate natural a as nitrate Chitrakoot, In water. of geochemistry the in changes adverse Tremendous brought deteriorated. has water also ground progressively of use has water of ground quality The over access towater. climatic information.Thus,District Administration and are events differentdroughtflood thatand those generate from hydrological and declaring for responsible institutions Additionally,the district. the across towns within a district, making it difficult to provide localised information to villages and In India, data related to climatic variables are available only for a single point Relevant andtimely scientificinformationatthedistrictlevel maintained. run-off on the rocky surface, instead of recharging surface water tanks that havenot been to lost and conserved not was water as rainfall ample was there though even region the in drought hydrological faced people 2011 in instance, For times. many broken been has drought] of [cycle pattern this Bundelkhand in that evidence with indicates study The average water availability -occurs. below hydrological- year,droughtconsecutivesecondthe the then for continues droughtmeteorological the India If production.agricultural for because monsoons on depends year same the in drought agricultural to leads It first. happens - average below much rainfall - drought meteorological in the usually - wherein India hydrological and agricultural meteorological, - droughts of kinds three of community making creates ownership and commitment to action. Through programmes such as such programmes Through action. to commitment and ownership creates This beneficiaries. of hands the in maintenance and operation implementation, availability will be instrumental to ensure results. Decentralisation puts planning, Bringing accountability and programmatic approach in the system to ensure water schemes. the rebuild to government the for wait communities while service of levels low with periods infrastructurelong the and deteriorationof by followed works, and service to approach dominant the result, delivery has remained a supply-driven characterised As by large investments schemes. in schemes of management and little interaction with communities to involve them in planning, implementation programmatic approach required for long-term water availability. There has been of instead with disbursement, financial and projects supply water progressof physical concerned approach project-oriented had historically has Chitrakoot, in as known Sansthan now Jal (PHED), Engineering Department Health Public The 3.1.3 Way Forward end-users ofthisinformationinChitrakoot whoare mostlyrural communities. that is limited in geographical scope and timeliness. This process is complex for the adaptive decisions need to rely on a multiplicity of sources providing information suitable tothetopography suchasrejuvenation of existingpondswhilebuilding government’sof focus needsspending development re-adjustedbe to solutions to priority The solutions. durable been not pumps have groundwater depleting hand on relying and borewells whereas centuries for sub- villages rocky interior in and regions supply water drinking ensured tanks water surface Traditional supply andagriculture (andallied) activities. as per budgeting among competing user groups giving primacy to drinking water This document should also provide for review and reallocation of water resources uses. water prioritised and mapping measures conservation Niti” suggesting accordingly Upyog and sources Aevam Sanrakshan usage Jal and “Jila conservation document water guidance district a consultation public through prepare should Administration District The water.available all of allocation, in priority first the has water WaterPolicy,drinking National the of provisions the per As Results-based resources.(ABHY) willstrengthen decentralised governance. own their supplement to financing schemes for drinking water security such as the new Atal Bhujal Sansthan Yojana Jal and GPs to including training, technical support, access to professional services and financing support continuous extend and access should Administration NRDWP,District

Page 17 55 Page 18 55 control overwater usage intheirdistrict. policy extraction document guidance prepared water usagein consultation water with the district public to Any proposed allow citizens the of the per district district. as be to that needs implementation in measures recharge/ conservation water water ground of implementation for Governments State respective the by utilised be to needs district water.that from ground collected Fee WaterConservation of use and unit assessment water ground of category extracted, water conservation fee of have been rates proposed The based on fee. the quantum conservation of ground water water a paying after extraction water ground for infrastructure & mining projects etc. to obtain ‘No Objection Certificate (NOC)’ structures. and CGWA techniques has prepared draft guidelines, which stipulates existing & new industries, recharge various through groundwater of artificial recharge for Chitrakoot in blocks identified has 2013 Plan Master CGWB The both administrative andpolitical willalongwithpeople’s support. on studies many these tanks though have shown that them, the work involved on in doing refocusedso is substantive be requiring to needs attention ponds, and tanks of sustainability natural the and supply water of quantity of potential the new ones along with their maintenance including their catchment area. Considering level. GP or sub-block at rainfall and levels groundwater of recording and monitoring systematic be to needs there also, conditions normal In developed. be to needs early uses that plan warning system to enable proper planning of communicationsadaptation strategies for the district and monitoring drought integrated An and yieldofwells. level groundwater the enhance will which dam check cum dyke sub-surface for selected be should district the of parts south-eastern and southern the in nallahs and streams The areas. urban in consumption sustainable and efficiency enhance forvarious tariff with graded groundwaterextractionwill on ceiling overallquantitative an and usage of levels metering Water self-sufficiency. ensure would construction new in provision mandatory and building existing in for retro-fitting incentives through structures harvesting rainwater rooftop areas, urban In to techniques suitable deploy harvest rainwater torecharge surfacetanksandgroundwater. and blocks, Nagar Ram and Mau Karwi, in especially Chitrakoot needs, household/commercial in non-personal other groundwater and irrigation for of wells tube exploitation through avoid absolutely to advised had CGWB o aiu sca vleaiiis n hs ein Ciae hne nacs these enhances change Climate region. this in vulnerabilities social various to leading livestock the and practices agricultural livelihoods, allied productivity, The general lack of water for irrigation and recent droughts have affected the farm 3.2.1 Vulnerability from ClimateChange ImpactsandFarm Practices 3.2 Agriculture Productivity &LivestockResilience solutions todrinking waterchallenges inChitrakoot district. Referfor4 Chapter to Annexure relevantand for3.1.3 climate-resilienceschemes specific need tobeencouraged, invited andguided toinvestinthedistrict- financial resourceswith companies and NGOs sufficiency on water work to keen these evenindrought year, indicating theygrow pressure onlimited water for preference strong a have farmers and soyabean and rice waterwheat, as such crops limited on pressure exerting resources of crops, the state. 40% farm area in the intensive district has been under water-intensive water towards croppingpatterns their shift also and over-irrigate to tend projects irrigation of region on the riverside mainly opt for vegetable cultivation. The farmers at the head-end farmlands have who orchards.Those and vegetables replacedwith agroforestryis preferto farmers conditions, integrate Undercereal rain-fed cultivation with agroforestry, whereas under irrigated conditions, systems. farming their in differ water,farmers of availability the on Depending up. set to costly are and/or year ratio = 3:1) as dug wells and borewells either doesn’t hold groundwater through the Agriculture practiced today in Chitrakoot is largely rain-fed (rain-fed to irrigated Irrigation andWater-use Efficiency looking togiveitupleading tomass migration. are farmers young many investment, on loss net with along risk at that of event the in and farmers holding small the by cultivation of objective primary the is security Food rainfall, thus,dependsonotherlivelihoodssuchasdailywage labour. stand at risk of no food and income in event of drought or heat wave or untimely They half. by drops cultivation under area the year,drought a In vulnerabilities. • • • • •

availability data. support R&D for district-specific climate variables and projected water build green belts,and water useefficiencyand groundwater monitoring, support training andfacilitationofcommunity/industry WUAs for support water tanksrejuvenation andmaintenance, build rainwater harvestingandartificial recharge structures,

Page 19 55 Page 20 55 Therefore, priority must be given to improving the utilisation ofirrigation (NWM) Comprehensive Mission Document states that there is a need to increase theutilisation Mission National Water The potential. to improving irrigation existing the of (IPU) potential begiven must priority Therefore, irrigationscopeof expansion further for infrastructure largea on scale limited.is andminor medium major, from (IPC) irrigation schemes have reached 81% of India’s ultimate irrigation potential, created so the potential irrigation total The water leading tolosses growing tofarmers crops dependentoncanal water. of predictability and assurance with come not does canals irrigation in invested Money farmers askey causes oflowwater useefficiency. in awareness of lack and system distribution in structures control water of lack canals, of maintenance poor identified has (CWC) Commission Water Central kharif) isthemaincropping season intheregion. rain-fed the not (and crop winter irrigated the Now, patterns. farming changed increased frequency has drought The investment. on returngood a expect as well these even in drought year, indicating they grow them to ensure their own food as preferencefor strong a have farmers and bean soya and rice wheat, as such crops resources of the state. 40% farm area in the district has been under water-intensive 4 are getting verylowoutput from theseanimals.Now, resourceful farmersare Cows and goats play a very important role in the rural economy, although farmers Livestock Selection andCare scale determovetowards consolidation ofland holdingsbyinterested farmers. towardsvaluehigh products.horticulture other leasingat Challengesand land in are the reasons behind the lack of favour from most farmers to crop diversification capacity bearing low-risk and security food for need This losses. crop or transfer subsidies in delays long to vulnerable highly are low.They quite is income net as and at times their fields are scattered so economies of scale are not achieved as well Nearly 80% of the farming households in the district cultivate less than 2 hectares Economies ofScale andRisk-bearing Capacity the projected foodgrain requirements ofthestate. achieved been has t/ha 2.39 about of level productivity U.P. of state entire the in inputs, such as those practiced in China and Brazil. With the present irrigation and other resources, water of management efficient through water extra requiring without country the in doubled be can irrigation under area suggests Aayog per drop”.NITI crop “more of a policy advocates also it whilst 20%, by efficiency use water http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/SAPCC_UP_final_version_0.pdf 4 . Productivity level of 3.4 t/ha will have to be achieved by 2020 to meet to 2020 by achieved be to have will t/ha 3.4 of level Productivity . relevant to the district. The information gap between scientists, planners and planners scientists, between gap information The district. the to relevant higher when climate change variability information is not accurate or specifically significantly be can failure for potential the because recommended be to tricky are farmers, of by investment on choice returns high the produce can which altogether, or crops dates sowing the altering as district such strategies at Adaptation available level. not are agriculture on mid-to-long-term impacts change climate accordingly of forecast and projections temperature-rise Downscaled Relevant InformationandScientificAdvice than needed. of ‘anna practicepratha’ as local well as the insufficient/ineffective irrigation facilitiesboth when rainwith is less do to has Chitrakoot in cropping double lower relatively The lands. pastoral in deterioration and fodder insufficient of because livestock in disease or malnutrition cause can conditions drought livestock, on For pastoralists and agro-pastoralists whose livelihoods and food security depend livestock. their for transportation the afford cannot farmers the since villages all to staff provide regular and care to in number all the livestock; the camps also insufficient have not been are able to reach clinics veterinary The Bundelkhand. of the foreign heat the accustomed to are not they as people the favour by finding breedsnot is with species native Cross-breeding buffaloes. with cows replacing for extensionof improved crop varieties andtechniques through demonstration AgricultureResearch,of Council Delhi Indian New by district the in established safety plant techniques and seed and production. Krishi cropVigyan Kendra development, (KVK) has also been crop through technique farm correct to given be can pace which through out carried be to proposed are projects research Banda, In the agriculture area under University of Agriculture and Technology located in farm inputs. certain in resources invested already has farmer the times at and farmer each to The short-term information provided by CWWG is yet to ensure its timely reach schemes. managementwater and agricultural of implementation and design help it does nor district-specific and comprehensive neither is that forecast weather U.P. information/ recommendations to farmers across the state under as per short-term crop (CWWG) Group Watch Council of Agricultural WeatherResearch (UPCAR) was organised to provide Crop only current uncertainties. inherent have and assumptions several on based are models vulnerabilities climatic The of longer- term changes intheclimate,thus,useof innovative media isneeded. idea the understanding difficulty more have farmers Rural bridged. be to needs coherence and time relevance, in gaps to due beneficiaries intended

Page 21 55 Page 22 55 assured water supply. irrigation scheme that filter out many farmers such as requirement of pre-existing the in provisions or prices water/energy low by either stymied is irrigation drip as such alternatives of uptake The farms. irrigate to groundwater of exploitation Relief measures resources.such as low or water no cost power on to farmers leads to impact over-reliance and adverse have indirectly sector agriculture other in inputs and pumps) power, (water, irrigation for subsidies like policies Sectoral Policy Gaps still achallenge. reacheachGramin regular communicationsand of farmers with Panchayatinterface is the Additionally, solutions. adaptation and observations climatic generalise to difficult available and since farming practices and physical conditions vary across the region, it is not is agriculture in practices adaptation change climate suitable on decisions make to district acrossa variables climate on information timely Locally-relevant,accurateand non-application byfarmers. institutions for reasonssocio-economic other arethere or these farmers reachedall not have either from recommendations and results The visits. exposure and Major constraints faced bythefarmersthatneed tobeaddressed onpriorityfor related toagriculture andrural areas development. departments all for accountability etc. events, weather unforeseen from damage farmers; small to exclusion of sharecroppers and tenant farmers as well as many crops; exclusion of unsuitable especially of loss; compensation delayed assessment and inaccurate inadequate from suffer scheme and policy insurance Crop conditions. from altering their farm and crop practices intended to adapt to changing climate farmers small to benefits the limit also will crops some for (MSP) policy pricing of intermediaries, role on dependence excessive and enterprise private small-scale for incentives of lack produce, ofagriculture issues, infrastructure storage and market markets, to access fragmented/missing selling on restrictions The The quality. water and soil of degradationenvironmental cost arisingoutofthesepractices isnotinternalised. to leads farming industrial scale large- of Promotion etc. nutrients, of supply balanced seeds, quality of purchase towards investments higher make to have also farmers as in proportion, returns same the net higher mean necessarily not do seeds of varieties High-yielding indicates the urgency as despite government schemes, water level has been going been has level water schemes, government despite as urgency the indicates army’ ‘groundwater as society civil and youth mobilise to Department Irrigation Minor GoU.P. by decision Recent India. in 84% is it while countries, OECD in withdrawalwater total percentof withdrawalAgriculturalwater44 for accounts Irrigation agriculture issues. Government programmes to support pre- and post-harvest farmer needs that will address State itisthe amongst coordination and with of customization effective that with supplemented practices together cropping as techniques well as shown choices seed harvesting and crop informed has make to management/ interventions farmer-level water inBundelkhand efficient of initiatives combination of various experience The of astrong programme topromote aridhorticulture andlivestockdevelopment. post- lack as well as as district, entire well the covering infrastructure marketing and as harvest support extension agriculture inadequate andintegrated planting farming, plot and agriculture small dryland seeds through diversification high-quality for need low-cost material, of conservation supply ofresource inadequate non-adoption techniques, and efficiency water-use organic low low deficiency, carbon, macro-nutrient and micro- soil are: resilience climate of low-cost inputs. supply timely consistent, ensure and enterprises, local small-scale of form the in opportunities livelihood allied additional provide also shall this – groups farmer manure, of seeds, by manner management decentralised a in al through et energy resources, be reduced water pesticides, fertilisers, to need costs input The Farm inputsquality, availability andcost thereto from water water-scarce surplus Chitrakoot. bring help can areas flood-prone surrounding in watermanagementcorrectFlood imbalance. to construction) the new (including expansion urban controlover and bodies, water planned of encroachment mining, and sand like activities with effective be aided to need interventions These old ponds and conserve catchment area to ensure water availability at every farm. In addition to minor irrigation projects and schemes, it is necessary to re-generate with districtauthorities. encouragingissueand the cooperationof them sensitizing for public disclosedto of monitoring from groundwater data aided with and technology equipment across The the district needs to be management. demand-side as well as allocation budget annual inform to administration district by planning management and water-use participatory with complemented be to needs consistently.This down

Page 23 55 Page 24 55 Livestock R&D bylocal research institutionsreceiving government grants. – this requires farmer community managed seed banks hosted and supported with Seed sovereignty isanintegral partofsustainableandprofitable farmlivelihoods thereby reducing pressure ondistrictadministration forclean water supply. fromagro-chemicalsreducepollution also waterbodies groundwatersurface and converted to ecologically sustainable, climate-resilient, organic farming. This will be district to land cultivable The of year per produce. 10% least at the of target set for should administration price while higher areas fetching and agriculture health small-holding soil enhancing and rain-fed in substantially expenses healthcare and costs input reduce farming dryland and diversity-based Organic, less rainfall. of signs early at equipment irrigation water-efficient and water of provision for and repairs at the Gram Panchayat level. Drought relief funds should be mobilised maintenance trainingfor accompaniedwith be should systems irrigation solar of also use The costs. while input in farmers reduction through potential to income net their energy enhancing sustainable bring can KUSUM as such Schemes n od g pnin o fres rdcn ognc rp ad ar; enhanced dairy; medical cover forcustomersoforganic produce livinginthe district and crops organic producing farmers for pension age old and cover medicalenhanced bonus, special are– as such incentives and policies farmers by aided and consumers once reality dedicated become will the organic for essential; chains become supply practices organic and sustainable thus, land, agriculturalof piece a of value sale deciding consideredwhen be to moisture and the farmer level – for example, Soil Health Card listing soil carbon, organic matter marketbehaviour at the to leadincentivesshift for through will Changing policy Market-and-farmer-oriented agriculture policies help ensuringhealthy livestock. would hectares 2 to up landholdings with farmers marginal and small registered of organic fertiliser and other by-products. Animal fodder distribution centres homes for shelter given be can interestedby entrepreneurssale model production and enterprise for through an fodder of lack or non-productive being to due or pratha’‘anna of practice the under loose let is that Livestock hygiene. and health their improve to taken are measures as well as promoted be should drought and a managing in helps and heat in sustain income can that breeds or livestock species Native farm livelihood. sustainable for water of quantities large the for decreases need it as resilience drought in component important an is Livestock building atPRIanddistrictadministration levelforcredible assessment. and sharecroppers, ensureand assessment is made accuratelytenant and comprehensively.farmers, This requires capacity landholdings small of insurance crops, group events, allimportant disaster natural all cover should compensation. fuller insurance for out The carried is assessment detailed while disaster a of case in immediately farmers affected transferredto be should amount Minimum Disaster compensation andcrop insurance farmers achievesuitableprices andencourage efficient watermanagement. supply these directly to retailers including e-retailers in towns and cities will help and level, village the at groups producer farmer from produce fresh of purchase land. ofcultivable utilisation efficient Building systems to allow vegetable and fruit buyers to enhancecompete in collection and will that and returns their of confident more be to farmers enable will infrastructure storage and marketing decentralised in organisations, farmer including investments, private Mobilising and market access toorganic produce. addition value bring can entrepreneurs local and co-operativesFarmer facilities. processing and certification testing, quality input-supply, quality with farming organic support can administration The farms. organic from locally purchasing At thedistrict level, itispossible to bringconvergence andcustomisation of organic farmersforproduction andsale. collectivisationthrough achieved be can scale of Economies farmers. smallholder policy, schemes and budget recognition through special incentives and support for needs SDGs and resilience ecological sovereignty,climate elements input farmers, farm agriculture, smallholding between connection symbiotic mutually The Convergence, customisationandconsultation block level. the at team information public robust a for need implying gadget-friendliness and literacy their on based varied are dissemination information for used media on needs Farmer Chitrakoot. of village each to disseminated effectively is that the in located institutions neighbouring in Jhansi or Banda established districts to A produce be timely and practices. should relevant information observatory marketing level and district production agriculture low-cost and sustainable suitable, locally as well as impacts climate farmer projected and existing on knowledge with collaborate relevant cutting-edge should produce to district the in groups institutions marketing and producer agriculture national and Local Knowledge creation anddissemination

Page 25 55 Page 26 55 in the district was 40.45 against U.P.against 40.45 was district averagethe averagestate 37.35in the of while wage Under MGNREGS in 2017-18 Bundelkhand. and food livelihood, of Lack water insecurity,andrural healthsystemare leading the causes ofmigration from survive. to order in it for upon opting generations families with of generations norm, socio-economic a been has migration Bundelkhand, In between theages of20and29migrated from thestateinsearch ofjobs. lakh) followed by Bihar at 17.2 lakh. Between 2001 and 2011, over 5.8 million people (26.9 out-migration most the with state U.P. listed the Census as Indian 2011 The 3.3. LivelihoodOptions&Income Security solutions toirrigation challenges inChitrakoot district. Refer to Chapter 4 for relevant and Annexureschemes 3.2.2 for specific climate-resilience be could avoided through free, issues priorandinformed consent from citizensinthedistrict. potential Several households. faming vulnerable the especially amongst various policies and schemes in consultation with the local stakeholders, These SEZs could have - products that are sold locally complementary and/or made using local agro-economy and natural resources. producing enterprises small and micro of ecosystem an develop to dedicated be to need centres training skills and services financial scale of operations and efficiency. So small-scale SEZs with relevant infrastructure, werethat villageenterprises of level models helpedtown increaseChinese and to are There markets. nearby to sold are areas, for which products, ruralfood processed example, in andMGNREGS. industries as micro-enterprises/cottage through reduced such be agriculture diversification to needs holding livelihood for small agriculture on beyond dependence Excess diversified be to need incomes impacts, change climate to district the of vulnerability high very Given their register names duetovarious reasons besideslackofawarenessto aboutthescheme. failed had people eligible the of most although pulses and oil, potato, of sacks wheat, rice, get to are cardholders BPL which under region, the for announced was package relief A special through. not a family is carry year to droughtsufficient a in which ₹175 was scheme the in person per day per rate 5 http://mnregaweb4.nic.in/netnrega/all_lvl_details_dashboard_new.aspx 1. suitable andsustainable forthelocal economy; generate skilled employment fordistrictresidents insectors thatare Training InstitutesandEntrepreneurship Development Centres to 5 , average days of employment provided per household Tourism for pilgrimage spaces and ecological tourism offers alternate livelihood alternate offers tourism ecological and spaces pilgrimage Tourismfor when they return as well as boot local economy with higher monetary remittances. and education. This will enable the migrating population to be empowered if and healthcare housing, jobs, training, skills of form the in dignified resettlement for temporary migrants receiving towns major in helpdesks similar with set up “migration linked be could helpdesk The could place. new a towns in life for and prepare to support for helpdesk” busstands stations, railway district The to markets. linked are that micro-enterprises complementary be would option livelihood long-term a farmers, for reach of out remain usually that projects infrastructurelarge of Instead children alsototheircare. The children are inneed ofproper parental care, apart are migrating, leaving elderly relatives on their own and sometimes leaving young aredistrict the in becomingHouseholds vulnerable moreas moreand youngsters 3.4.1 Challenges 3.4 NutritionSecurity &Access toHealthcare challengessolutions tolivelihood inChitrakoot district. climate-resilience specific for 3.3 Annexure and schemes relevant for 4 Chapter to Refer includes Chitrakoot. that TADinitiative Aayog’s NITI with coordination in districts backward on is where all development programmes and information will be converged. The focus centrepiece the as (GPDP) Plan Development its Panchayatand Gram made has thus, poverty, of aspects multi-dimensional the recognises Antyodaya Mission transport enhance tourism. suitable multi-modal reliable through and will transporthubs and spots varioustourism connectivitybetween full support ensuring Sustainable can services. and Administration infrastructure District and opportunities 5. 4. 3. 2. Other enablingconditions that sustainablysupportgrowth. Common marketing agency/advisory support; Minimal procedural requirements, reduced credit costs andprocesses; GHG emissions pollutingthe air; transportation ofgoods from fartherareas and,thus,reduce harmful employment, developlocal economy, reduce dependence on Regular consumption products produced locally togenerate

Page 27 55 Page 28 55 between human mortality and thermal stress. Lack of water also leads to sanitation waterresourceshealth, infrastructure. markedcritical a and There is relationship human on effects exacerbate can impacts climate other and temperature in Rise couldimpact today food and tomorrow’s generation implyingweaker workforce andundeveloped talent. of water lack The malnourished. manifestly are of Bundelkhand mothers post-partum and pregnant The food. of insufficiency of because hungry bed to go to reported have people cases 40% study,in another to According market. the from products commercial expensive buying to resorted mothers, mostly they and infant the of demand the was to meet milk insufficient their statedthat informants, cases 65% In hamlet. per 9 about of average an at recorded were children 17 malnourished 2016, severely year 35 the and in children region undernourished Bundelkhand of locations 6 in conducted test ever. According 33% a than to were are higher normal below cases malnutrition is The respectively. (BMI) 38%, Index and Mass Body whose men and underweight. Women or (weight-to-height), wasted (height-to-age), stunted either are Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2015-16, approximately 50% children in the district whilewomen state inthe high work in a weakened quite physical state at much beyond their capacity. is already As per National rate mortality infant The at is risk. impacts climate under which food, better and more needing clearly from l fo scrt shms uh s D, CSNtoa Ntiin Mission, production and Nutrition procurement feasibility, storage, processing ICDS/National and distribution. This choices, food of PDS, systems decentralised on based be to as need al et Meals, Mid-day such schemes security food All heat timesoftheday. The electricity utility companies need to be advised on ensuring electricity at peak industries need to be advised on making and provisions for offices care regardingschools, these issues. as impacts such institutions place health public Also, ensured. arranged. manage be to be to need community to and need professionals malnutrition medical chronic of Training of case in supplements nutrition and heat, from protect to buildings suitable hygiene, and sanitation for Water 3.4.2 Requirements insurance isrequired toprovide support tothepeople. medical including system of healthcare The rise. to expected consequencesare al et malnutrition, strokes, heat prevalence, mosquito increased as such impacts climate from issues health and diseases The criteria. averagemultiple national on below standing and under-equipped isunder-staffed infrastructure health The and hygiene issues. Forests play a major role in maintaining ecological balance, in bringing rainfall bringing in balance, ecological maintaining in role major a play Forests 3.5 Ecological Balance grain and kitchens banks managed bylocal womengroups. community through poor the for water and food ensuring in efforts government’s the support could initiatives CSR corporate and NGOs drought forcertain communities andtheiraccess shouldbeensured. during and times normal in nutrition of sources important is foods uncultivated Forestas produceparks. and anganwadis,hospitals schools, as such spaces public encouragedgroupsbe self-help should in growfoods supportedto nutritious and growcanagriculture,through Womencosts.agro-forestrydryland input low and of proportion that fruits a and vegetables millets, calendar encouragecropping their in include should to farmers programmes nutrition and security Food these in included be to need green al schemes. local et as oilseeds pulses, such millets, foods fruits, nutritious vegetables, and diverse sustainable, locally implies and species conservation need to be defined in consultation with direct consent shouldbetaken through bothonlineandofflinemethods. with consultation change use in Land breach. outside of no-go for zones defined is a matter penalty of public concern for and which be free, prior informed monitoring strict to with stakeholders need conservation species and and resources natural critical urbanisation for zones No-go resources. of natural on industrialisation pressure the given measure building resilience as term in long invested be to need banks gene and banks seed through species native of Conservation stakeholders. public the with consultation in and safeguards with implemented are projects development ensure to year every increase area zones The various departments need to come together to set targets for forests and buffer also essential tomaintainbasicecosystem services. is interferencewhich human causedIncreasingwildlife, as has lossof well as heat etc. medicines, for plants weeds,overexploitationof alien grazing,invasionof stones, of quarrying construction, and agriculture of expansion throughchange use land of habitats by heckles and indiscriminate cutting of forests for timber, fuel wood, At present, the biodiversity of Chitrakoot is declining fast due to the degradation adversely.conservation soil groundwater and rainfall,impacted has region the in Deforestation Chitrakoot. for priority a is which waves, heat countering in and

PagePage 29 29 55 55 PagePage 30 30 55 55 Building Climate 4

Resilience uiiaiis n Zl Pnhyt o nbe nerto o ciae resilience climate of elements intheDistrictPlanacross allschemesandadministrative affairs. integration enable to officer/ Panchayat Zila an informed and Municipalities need (DPC), Committee Planning District with coordination close will in work to team Department Environment The Magistrate. District the of office the by elevated and strengthened empowered, be to needs a holistic resilient development of the district, District Environment Department for departments various Toamongst convergenceresilience. coordinate building stateand centre, at the district level, which can be leveraged to implement actions andinstitutions that will contribute to schemes policies, various exist There 4.1 InstitutionalSet-upforDCRPatDistrictLevel by allgovernment andextensionservice agencies. would benefit the peopleit if these are made preferredhence, sectors of support and intervention tourism, and agriculture on relying primarily is Chitrakoot of district The areas. those in development skill and allocation budget schemes, of the implementation customised enable and inform would government.This state the to recognition appropriate district, the potential in of climate-resilient development livelihoods in those sectors needs of to be accorded mix by the Given resilience framework with indicators and steps for district departments while the the provide sections following The indicators. proposed and targets of basis the form of communityaction steps and progress on each resilience priority can be monitored on and planning administration’s between resilience needs in the context of changing climate. The gaps can be framed in the alignment of status the climate each evaluating continuously for for basis/framework needed the provide can approach priority resilience the against planning existing of Mapping 4.2 Planning&ImplementationwithIndicators forClimateResilience as aninput. DPC the by formally adopted while Department, Environment of officer nodal is regularly updated every 3 years in consultation with stakeholders, facilitated by district administration approach is suggested to be thatand oforganogram an advisory role,the which in position Its DPC. the by Plan District the informing of the for launched initiatives special Climatedroughtas such district Change any relief package Aayog’sNITI and TAD roleits perform to integratePlan on as well Action as State U.P. the of on (SAPCC) tobuild need will DCRP The See Annexure 4.1for institutionalset-uprequired indistrictplanning.

Page 31 55 Page 32 55 4.2.1 Resilience PlanningFramework forChitrakoot District targets need tobesetinconsultation withthepublicstakeholders inthedistrict. 1. S.No. Sufficiency Water Drinking Priority Resilience Climate convergence inplanning, and inter-departmental community participation Upyog Niti(JJSUN)”for “Jila Jal Sanrakshan Aevam usage guidance document water conservation and development ofadistrict (ii) Participatory and projected deficit; water sources forexisting along withmappingof requirements inthedistrict existing andfuture water (i) Assessment of Resilience Building DistrictClimate Programmatic Approach to of JJSUN; implementation framework Panchayats withinthe Jal SansthanandGram applicable toChitrakoot accountability mechanism user responsiveness and progress, transparency, targets, indicators of (iii) Settinggoals, monitoring ofwater-works; implementation and Indicators ofClimate each water source; population supported by storage structures, and of traditional water new construction bodies rejuvenated, of existingwater trend inproportion (iii) increasing available; per litre ofwater made trend inexpenditure district anddecreasing water available tothe recycled andreused with ratio ofwater treated, (ii) increasing trend in drinking andsanitation; adequate water for receiving safeand trend inpopulation usage andincreasing priority usesexceeds (i) water availability for Resilience interventions combining – availability through holistic (v) Enhancingwater JJSUN; meet theirgoals setasper Panchayats forthemto Sansthan andGram advisory supporttoJal financing, andprofessional capacity, results-based provision fortechnical (iv) Makingadequate at thedistrictlevel. enhance water availability investment ofresources to coordinated planningand philanthropy andNGOsfor from private sector (vii) Engaging stakeholders levels; conditions atblockandGP normal anddrought water availability during groundwater andsurface plan tokeep track of and communications (vi) Integrated monitoring treatment; contaminated water system, andwaste/ drought-proof supply groundwater recharge, costs fordecentralised low infrastructure modern methodswith • requirement • district • traditional and green cover ofthe topology levels; municipal ward andGP of functionalWUAs at WUAs aswellratio district departments and adoption ofJJSUNby iv) Participation and framework. the JJSUNguidance availability under sources inwater private andNGO from government, (viii) amountinvested availability levels; response tofallingwater to supporttimely communications plan of monitoringand (vii) performance availability; for enhancingwater of recommendations of implementation R&D aswellstatus in district-specific (vi) amountinvested per JJSUN; Jal SansthanandGPsas performance report by annual actionplanand (v) publicdisclosure of

Page 33 55 Page 34 55 2. Resilience and Livestock Productivity Agriculture changing climateconditions; et althatwouldthrivein husbandry, poultry, fisheries, seeds, horticulture, animal climate-resilient indigenous fruit trees, high-value crops, options intheformoforganic agri-pastoral farmforestry of value-added, aridzone locally-relevant knowledge (iv) Ensuringaccess to respectively; and inputsavailability, district’s average farmsize methods suitabletothe farm equipment andfarming cost-effective, innovative (iii) Ensuringreal access to rejuvenation; or traditional water tanks minor irrigation projects development, canals and all optionssuchaswatershed & participatoryevaluation of farm through regular, rigorous (ii) Ensuringwater toeach income; nutrition needs andtarget breeds tomeet farmer seeds, fertilisersandlivestock including nativeresilient input elementsandlivestock use andqualityoffarm climate suitability, efficient (i) Focus needs tobeon manufacturing andskilled of workforce employed in of nationalaverage income income increased tolevel (i) Average monthly climate impacts; reporting crop loss from (iv) Proportion offarmers dryland farming; adopting organic and agriculture systems, diversifying crops and (iii) Proportion offarmers etc; countries ofOECD, China, with agriculture producing consuming water atpar (ii) Proportion offarms jobs; products. as marketing oforganic farm of organic farminputsaswell low-cost andcustomised supply medium enterprisesforquick, economy based smalland (x) Promoting local agro- supply chainintermediaries; addressing excessive presence of on investmenttofarmerswhile access rulestoincrease returns pricing policies,andmarket (ix) Reforming landleasing laws, seed banksandlivestockrearing; integrated drylandagriculture, economies ofscale through cooperatives/SHGs forachieving of smallplotsandfarmer (viii) Encouraging clustering quick relief toaffected farmers; comprehensive compensation/ climate impactsaswellfor for reducing risksfrom (vii) Riskresponse measures irrigation andlivestock; schemes related toagriculture, convergence amongstvarious SAPCC andJJSUNthrough implementation ofC-DAP, (vi) Participatory andcustomised infrastructure; low-cost RE-powered storage services as wellassubsidised/ required extensionandfinancial (v) Makingprovision for per scheme; taken toreceive benefit as wellaverage time one ormore schemes farmers benefitted from (v) Proportion of schemes; as welldesignof on weather forfarming relevance ofinformation accuracy offorecast, and taken todisseminate, (ix) Average time farmers; to hybridbreeds with ratio ofresilient native hospitals aswell by health camps and (viii) Livestockcoverage area covered; rupee spentaswell utilised perunitof water supplied and irrigation projects for (vii) Efficiencyof periodically levels measured (vii) Adequate nutrition local agro-economy; proportion ofSMEsin cooperatives aswell active inproducer smallholding farmers (vi) Proportion of

Page 35 55 Page 36 55 3. Security and Income Options Livelihood includes supporttoensure unemployment benefit.This as wellinterimlivelihoods/ and water security, healthcare interventions regarding food cropping season forurgent prone tomigration every (iii) Surveyrequired ofvillages income ofskilled workforce; to be lower than national average farm income projection isgoing workforce rate perday iftheir every crop season atskilled minimum days ofemployment (ii) Allregistered farmerstoget exhaustive evaluation ofoptions; required inparticipatoryand livelihood developmentplanning Additionally, districtpriority to address distress migration. mutually informed interventions coordinated, complementary and water, andrural healthcare need (i) Livelihood,access tofoodand unemployment benefit; labour, migration helpdeskand seasonal livelihoods, dailywage This includesinterimjobs/ becomes climate-resilient. up aswellagriculture livelihoods andSMEspicks local economy withsecondary transition planningisneeded till (iv) District-levellivelihood schemes suchasMGNREGS; eligibility forlivelihoodoriented jobs; manufacturing andskilled of workforce employed in national average income increased tolevelof income of farmers (i) Average monthly economy; priority sectors inlocal of MSMEsforidentified (iv) Increase inproportion year onyear; permanent formdeclines as welltemporary vs numbers andpercentage (iii) Migration inabsolute national average; increased tolevelof income inthedistrict (ii) Average monthly 4. Healthcare Access to and Nutrition district; by seeking familiesacross the adequate access tonutritious food processes toensure timelyand well asstreamlining ofgovernment foods forresilience andhealth as diverse foodsystemsandnative security programs tobeonlocally (i) Focus ofnutritionandfood farmers. be giventoventures involvinglocal in bankingandfinancialservices to local population.Preferred status nurturing offinancialfinesse in business from inclusionand sensitised forbenefitstotheir (viii) Banksinthedistricttobe returns andlivelihoodcreation; flowers toend consumers for higher especially vegetables, fruitsand purchase offarmersproduce, (vii) Encourage competition in manure entrepreneurs; marketable products bydairyand under annapratha beutilised for nutrition aswellanimalsletloose to bepromoted forenterpriseand (vi) Resilient breeds oflivestock panels andirrigation systems; marketing ofagro produce, solar agriculture andallied livelihoods, sectors identified aspriority, viz. implementation ofschemesin training. Thiswillenablesuccessful services, market access andskills required infrastructure, financial at micro andsmallscale through (v) Promotion oflocal enterprises produce; keen toselltheir options forfarmers (v) Increase insale the BMIofchildren; attendance enhancing books forhigher as free uniformsand other incentives such health-checkups and with mid-day meal, (i) Numberofschools financial services. enterprises accessing farmers andtheir (vi) Proportion of

Page 37 55 Page 38 55 space andtimethrough women (v) Encouraging optimaluseof farming; incentives topromote organic access andretirement income to children, healthcare, market social welfare, free education farmers andconsumers through (iv) Preferred statustoorganic covering 100%ofthepopulation; schemes inacost-effective way complement government health to bemadeavailable to and systems,ofawidevariety including traditional medicines (iii) Healthcare facilities, measures; with remedies andpreventive weather andvector issues along change regarding projected interiors, ateveryseasonal information, includingin (ii) Mechanism todisseminate preserved. in drought periodstobe nutritious value andavailability (vi) Forest produce with public spaces; anganwadis, offices, andother foods andcooking inschools, SHGs growing nutritious dissemination mechanism covered byinformation (ii) Numberofvillages stunting. focus onmalnutritionand population, withspecial categories ofthedistrict age groups andgender average forvarious improvement inBMI (vi) Year-on-year nutritious foods monitored access to government providing benefitting from dependent communities (v) Proportion offorest the district; producing organic foodin farmers andwomenSHGs (iv) Proportion oforganic schemes; systems andgovernment facilities forallmedicine population byhealthcare (iii) Coverage ratio of 5. Balance Ecological pressure onnatural resources. community engagement toreduce (iv) Population management and industrialisation; small enterprisesoverlarge-scale preference tosustainablemicro and local preferences andskillswith investments tobeinformed by (iii) Livelihooddevelopment incorporated indistrictpolicy; natural resource exploitationare concerns tolandusechange and regional language toensure public and recurring consultations in (ii) Open,inclusive,transparent balance; participatory processes forrestoring development goals (SDGs)through to beintegrated withsustainable (i) Development andlanduseplans being achieved; wildlife count are forestland area and targets toenhance (i) Year-on-year requirements. to population are proportionate of climatechange and health impacts productivity, nutrition key toprotect farm (iv) Natural resources consent; is backed bypublic industrial project infrastructure and (iii) Everymajor achieved; indicators are being (ii) Relevant SDG

Page 39 55 Page 40 55 in respective sections foreach ClimateResilience Priority from sections 3.1to3.5. Planning Framework. These steps are proposed in brief while their details are provided This table provides action steps by concerned departments to implement the Resilience 4.2.2 Resilience PlanImplementationbyDistrictDepartments &Officials Sufficiency Water Drinking Priority 1: Priority Resilience Climate interventions for enhancingwater availability; challenges tocoordinate research, projects and companies tolearn aboutJJSUNanddistrict (vii) Organise eventsinvitingNGOsand Sansthan; with real timecommunication toWUAs andJal (vi) Monthlymonitoringofgroundwater levels laws inoldandnewconstruction; groundwater recharge through incentives and (v) Promote rain-water harvesting (RWH) and maintenance andanti-encroachment drives; surface dykes/ check damsaswellensure (iv) Buildtraditional water tanks,ponds,sub- Sansthan; requiring NOCfrom affected WUAs and Jal and householdswithceiling on extraction, (iii) ApplyWater Conservation Fee on industries Sansthan andZilaParishad; technical, financialandadvisorysupportto Jal and financialinstitutions(FIs)forprovision of (ii) EstablishMoUs withagencies ofexpertise quantity; projected water requirements aswellavailable ward/block levelsafterassessment ofexistingand (i) Facilitate creation of“JJSUN”andWUAs at Actions Needed toBuildResilience Mission Sanitation Water & (iii) District (ii) NURM IWMP (i) NRDWP & Missions - Schemes/ (ii) Jal Sansthan Committee Planning (i) District Departments - Applicable & Schemes Departments Implementing Security and Income Options Livelihood Priority 3: Resilience Livestock and Productivity Agriculture Priority 2: (iii) Facilitate creation offarmcooperatives for context; design andimplementationsuited tolocal development projects aswellinformschemes to plansuitableirrigation andwatershed water requirements aswellavailable quantity levels forassessment ofexistingandprojected including GPs/elected village leaders atblock (ii) Facilitate creation of“JJSUN”andWUAs climate resilience; to agriculture andallied sectors performance and and schemesbyrelevant departmentsconnected force forconvergence between various policies (i) EstablishDistrictAgriculture Income Task- projects; consultation toinformschemes,incentives and singular livelihoodtosecondary choices inpublic development planincludingtransition from (i) Develop districtprioritylivelihood ensure convergence forefficientuse of resources. decision-making andtools,aswellapproach to leaders onrisks,solutions,schemes,participatory (v) Regular training forofficers andelected (MSMEs); based micros, smallandmedium enterprises as wellfinancialservices foragro-economy livestock, horticulture andotherallied activities, climate-resilient solutionsforfarminputs, (iv) Organise blocklevelfairsandcamps on on risksandclimate-resilient solutions; district andblock-specific research andtraining marketing toendconsumers, andincentivise economies ofscale withequipment and methods andfarminputsupplies,achieving clustering offarms,developefficientfarming Husbandry (iv) Animal (iii) Irrigation (ii) Horticulture (i) Agriculture Departments - development (iv) Skill Husbandry (iii) Animal (ii) Horticulture (i) Agriculture Departments - SAPCC (iii) C-DAP and PMKSY (iii) KUSUM, Farming on Organic Program (ii) National Agriculture Sustainable Mission for (i) National Missions - Schemes/

Page 41 55 Page 42 55 and Nutrition Priority 4: Healthcare Access to premises. SHGs toproduce nutrition foodsintheavailable healthcare alongwithformation ofwomen Teachers onprimarystepsfornutritionand (iv) Training toAnganwadi Workers and steps planned; and BMIlevelsineveryvillage/town withnext on water qualityandavailability, malnutrition, (iii) Datauploaded onmission websitesmonthly on nutritionandtreatment forremote villages; health surveystofocusgovernment interventions (ii) Mobilehealth vans and camps forBMI& and budgets; administration toensure convergence inschemes under direct supervisionbyhead ofdistrict (i) Primacy tonutritionsecurity andhealthcare affordable and/orfree of cost training; (v) Skilltraining institutestobesetupfor market access andtechnical expertisesupport; forms andstages ofthesupplychainwith credit, promote breakthroughs inrural economy inall (iv) Establish‘Gram Innovation’ festivals to every village; credit andeligibilitydocumentationcamps in (iii) Establishlivelihoodschemesawareness, season; helpdesks atvarious publicspaces intheaffected KVK andtechnical institutionsaswellsetup migration prone villages incollaboration with farm incomes percropping season anddistress (ii) Establishprocess forsurveyofprojected (ii) MGNREGS Antyodaya (i) Mission Missions - Schemes/ package Bundelkhand (iv) Day Meal, PDS (iii) ICDS,Mid- Health Mission (ii) National Mission Nutrition (i) National Missions - Schemes/ (iii) Education (ii) Informatics (i) Health Departments - Balance Ecological Priority 5: on convergence andcoherence inschemes academics andfieldpractitioners foradvice (iv) Engage thematic/sectoral expertsfrom and governing bodies; inclusive governance inthedistrictbyallentities (iii) Initiateaculture ofconsultative and TAD initiatives; (ii) Develop districtplaninsyncwithSDGsand comprehensive stakeholder consultation; as no-go zoneswithanyamendmentafter (i) Demarcate critical habitatsforlocal ecology the districtplanismade. implementation andinvestmentplanningafter (iii) DPC (ii) Forests (i) Environment Departments - Habitat Mission (ii) Sustainable Mission (i) Green India Missions - Schemes/ (v) Revenue (iv) Jal Sansthan

PagePage 43 43 55 55 Page 44 55 Page 44 55 Annexures and C 5 ase Studiesase sources - water drinking sustain to structures sustainability locating appropriately to view a with Plan a Sustainability of preparation the for suggested are steps following The etc.). dykes,sub-surface dams, checkrechargeooranis, likewater help ground and/or runoff, water surface and rainwater capture can which structures physical (Building tasks infrastructure-oriented and to consumption) need and availability the balancing and for wastageplan water avoiding recharge, for need on awareness (raising actions user-oriented resilience include sustainability climate source ensure important to Interventions most priority. the is sources water drinking of Sustainability Annexure 3.1.3-SustainabilityofWater Sources 3. 2. 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. per thewaste generated andpromote grey water recycling. Establish cost-effective organic/inorganic waste water treatment plantsas (or forest) supplygridsforensuringsafedrinkingwater availability; Build “water ATMs” and(water holesforwildlife)alongwithmulti-village Guards tobeemployed byWUAs formonitoringofthewater bodies; for judiciousandequitable useofwater; Water Users Associations (WUAs) foreverywater bodyneed tobe formed Watershed Development Programmes; Financing thePlanbyconverging NRDWP-Sustainability, MNREGSand expert services) andinstitutionalising thesystem; Preparing estimates,buildingcapacities (includingthrough provision of evaporation losses) androof topharvestingwithpeople’s participation; Preparation ofaplanforrecharge, water impounding(optimising hydro geo morphological studyofthearea; Identifying therespective micro watershed/aquifer/hydrological unit- and qualityaffected areas, identification andtesting of allsources there; semi-critical blocks,areas withwater stress inthewholeorpartofyear Prioritising difficult areas -Identification ofover-exploited, critical and conjunctive useofrainwater, groundwater andsurface water sources; All habitationsshouldmovefrom dependence onasinglesource to

Page 45 55 Page 46 55 in Gujarat are successfully operating the24x7water supplysystem. abandoned the practice of storing water to cover several days’ needs. Now, 125 villages people because primarily occurred water of consumption in reduction 7,900.The Rs. day or a decrease in one-third of the previous electricity bill; an annual saving of about of the water previously distributed. Power consumption reduced too by 4.39 units per 250 litres perhousehold,thussaving 25,000litres perdaywhich represents 38percent When each household was household. assured of per 24x7 supply, day the consumption per per household reducedlitres to 400 around was water the of and consumption day average a hours two about for available was water supply the 24x7 2006, adopted in village system supply the Before litres. 20,000 of sump one and of litres (ESR) 50,000 Reservoir Storage Elevated an is capacity storage total The village. the to pipe water supply system – supplement each other to ensure regular safe water supply watersupply. Narmada 24x7 and enjoy well and village’s a The sources – of two water connections tap have to households 160 all allows which system, distribution water a developed has It 2006. in system decentralisedsupply managedwaterthe community embraced that village a is Gujarat, TalukaSurendranagarDistrict, Chuda in of Jepar CASE STUDY 2:ConjunctiveUse ofwater are beinglevied andcollected inalltheschemes. Water tariffs have been fixed BGs. appropriately, the corresponding by to O&M years) expenditures,five and than more for now these of (many maintained and being operated now are commissioned and completed schemes Equally supply enhanced. water are the important, schemes the of sustainability and process ownership the entire their in whereby involved actively beneficiaries for the manpower making especially and local resources, construction, inmobilising helped also approach This less percent transparency.and 15 construction quality good (about ensuring estimates), approved costs the than construction the in reduction the substantial in for resulted responsible be to communities implementation empowering and management of of the water supply value systems. Community contracting the demonstrated inthe adopted system contracting implementation community of the Jalanidhi Rural Water The Supply Project in Kerala unskilled. has successfully and skilled both – workers directly local employing own, (BGs) their on schemes Groups the construct engaging and Beneficiary materials procure of systems, supply instead water Kerala, the in build to Project contractors Supply Water Rural Jalanidhi the Under CASE STUDY 1:BeneficiaryGroups executing andmaintainingschemes Annexure 3.2.2–Irrigation underClimateChange Constraints 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. complaint redress system et alneeds tobeestablished through real-time datacollection and Canals water monitoringfordischarge, siltmanagement, timelyrepairs flooding method Promote dripandsprinklerirrigation technologies overtraditional farm trenches indrought prone areas, toreduce evaporation losses from soil practices like contour bunding,vegetative barriers,andpercolation ponds/ Based onsoilhealth card, promote water andsoilmoisture conservation bodies orbyartificiallyshadingof water surfaces partly used; developshelterbelts ofsuitabletree species around water and someempty, instead ofasingleshallowsheet whenthereservoir is to anotherasthewater isused, sothatthere are somefullcompartments compartmented reservoir andpumpingthewater from onecompartment be reduced byincreasing storage depth;storage ofwater ina In order toreduce evaporation losses from water bodies, surface area can reducing theirsurface area exposure byincreasing theirdepthisneeded To reduce loss ofwater duringdistributionincanals, liningofcanals and completion ofnewones,withspecial focusonmasonrycheck dams utilised through restoration/re-modelling ofexistingprojects and There isaneed to reduce gap between irrigation potentialcreated and

Page 47 55 Page 48 55 time data,process itandmake local decisions andregulate water use. demonstrates the power of building capacity of local organisations to collect real project This agriculture. from incomes the losing without other the or form one havehabitations 638 adoptedthe voluntarily waterin farmers saving in methods 55% in reduced has HUs,remainedHUs 31% increasedconstantin HUs.and 14% 4800 in About only pumping groundwater the 58HUs of out Similarly, HUs. 9% in only decreased and HUs 34% in constant remained HUs, 57% in increased has balance groundwater the (HUs) Units Hydrological 53 of Out 2008. from to 2005 period 3year short a in situation overall the in changes significant to led have efforts The potential. recharge groundwater enhance to measures recharge crop planning and availabilitywater entitlements, the suit to crops changing (CWB), waterbudget water on decisions own their make the collectively empowered to has farmers knowledge This season. each in availability water ground potential the calculate to sources two these from data use and collect to trained measure the depth of groundwater in observation wells. The farmers’ groups were to scale rope long the is second The areas. their in rainfall the measure to gauge rainwater is the first The devices. measurement key two introduced project The making. decision collective and budgeting water on (HUs) Units Hydrological main The depletion. groundwater of intervention problem of the project the is the capacity over building of the farmers tiding in the catchment for pumping, in residing reducegroundwaterto steps farmers of number a taken voluntarily have habitations 638 of thousands Pradesh, Andhra of districts prone drought seven In self-regulation. voluntary to leading change behavioural is premise key project’s (APFAMGS) Systems Groundwater Managed Farmer Pradesh Andhra watershed oraquiferahydrological unitlevel CASE STUDY 1-Activecommunity andPRIparticipationinvillages ata subsidised inputshave helped. and equipment support, extension and guidance feed, fish seedlings, providing like experience, MP this can the turn into from an activity evident of commercialas benefit.underway Promotionalalready activities is which of some action, concerted with wages.In daily folk thefisher some cases, middlemen, pay who finance the business, control the fisher who folk. Nonetheless, landlords, well-off the by owned are use; these they nets or boats the own not do themselves folk fisher The landlords. big by controlled are societies these of most but societies cooperative folks fisher to are given leases Fishing groups. Caste Scheduled of occupation traditional the is Fishing Fisheries urban areas ofBundelkhandtogenerate sustainablelivelihoods. new innovative uses for it are coming up across the world which can be introduced in carpet industry in the 19th century. The coarse wool had gone down in demand though woollen sizable a had which district, Jhansi in population, sheep high a traditionally was there and India, of breeds sheep recognised best the of one is sheep Jalauni The Sheep mortality. of units Goat insurance. to have discontinued due ones hybrid provided with those breedslocal while flourish the for pay to had they and cost of free goats distributed were farmers Package, Bundelkhand the through 2011-12, In breeds. foreign feed to they survive better. Local breeds are easily fed in the open jungle, while it is expensive better, since been have breeds mixed local from Profits shrubs. and bushes of growth largea terrainwith undulating Bundelkhand, the extremelyof to variety suitable and income with relatively low investment. Large sized goatery assuredis not common and though it quick is relatively them providing required, when them, sell and milk for goats few a keep households most and households rural in popular quite is Goatery Goatery Annexure 3.3–LivelihoodOptions

Page 49 55 Page 50 55 Role ofFocal pointofficer forDCRP– Annexure 4.1–Institutionalset-upforDCRP 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. 1. can workwithinexistingprograms whenplanningforclimatechange. Use existingresources thatprovide guidance onhowdistrictdepartments officials andlocal stakeholders toaddress climate preparedness; Develop local orregional taskforces or committees comprised ofkey Report periodically totheDMandDPC (suggested: every6months). district administration andcommunity audiences; Communicate aboutclimateadaptationandcommunity vulnerabilities to resources foractionsthatincrease local andregional resiliency; leadership tobeableadviseonimplementationplansandbudgeting Access toandrelationship withtheMunicipalityandZilaPanchayat updates andservetoadvance adaptationandmitigation strategies; Organise meetings across departmentsthatwillprovide climate-related strategies; vulnerabilities andprogress onadvance adaptationandmitigation Update informationrelated toclimatepredictions, projected impacts, mandate tointegrate themineverydepartment’s orscheme’s functioning. through nodalClimateChange &SDGofficer atdistrictlevelwhohasthe Sustainable consumption and production (SCP)principlestobepromoted representative groups; practice solutionstovarious departments,policymakers, media andpublic of latestapplicable scientific/analytical informationand;providing best climate change onecosystem, economy andsociety;ensuringdissemination district levelforcommissioning district-specific research onimpactsof Establish ClimateChange CellunderEnvironment departmentatthe Referenc 6

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