The Community Vulnerability Handbook
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HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY STUDY: THE COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY HANDBOOK A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF POLICIES, ASSESSMENTS AND IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ‘PERILS OF FLOOD’, FOR HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY VOLUME 1 OF THE COMMUNITY VULNERABILITY STUDY (CVS), 2nd EDITION JUNE, 2020 1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA FACULTY School of Architecture and Community Design Brian Cook, ASLA, MLA, PLA (Coordinating Author) Community Vulnerability Study Project Manager Visiting Assistant Research Professor School of Architecture and Community Design The Florida Center for Community Design Research Taryn Sabia, Ed.M., M.Arch, MUCD Director and Research Associate Professor School of Architecture and Community Design The Florida Center for Community Design Research College of Public Health Joe Bohn, Ph.D., MBA Assistant Professor, Director, Community Engagement & Deputy Director, DrPH Program USF College of Public Health Marie Bourgeois Ph.D., MPH Assistant Professor College of Public Health Center for Environmental/Occupational Risk Analysis and Management Elizabeth A. Dunn, MPH, CPH Instructor, I Global Disaster Management, Humanitarian Relief, and Homeland Security College of Public Health GRADUATE ASSISTANTS Florida Center for Community Design and Research Emilia Ribadeneira Olivia Leamer Riddhi Shah Tyler Dobson William Cook Ana Cheng Margaret Winter College of Public Health Carson Bell, MPH William Gardner, MPH Amy Polen 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 DOCUMENT SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 8 A SHARED VOCABULARY OF RESILIENCY ................................................................................... 10 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 15 FRAMEWORKS FOR RESILIENCY PLANNING ........................................................................................................ 17 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 18 BASELINE RESILIENCE INDICATORS FOR COMMUNITIES (BRIC) MODEL ................................. 19 DISASTER RESILIENCE OF PLACE (DROP) MODEL ...................................................................... 23 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (DA) MODEL ............................................................................................ 25 A CASE STUDY EVALUATION OF LOCAL CLIMATE ADAPTATION PLANS ................................ 27 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 29 POLICY AND PROGRAMS ..................................................................................................................................... 30 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 31 FEDERAL LEVEL: REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES ................................................................................ 34 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP) .................................................................... 34 FLOOD INSURANCE ZONES .......................................................................................................... 34 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM (CRS) .................................... 36 COASTAL BARRIER RESOURCES ACT (CBRA) (1982)................................................................. 38 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT (CZMA) (1972) ............................................................... 38 CLEAN WATER ACT / SECTION 404 (1972) ................................................................................. 38 RIVERS AND HARBORS ACT (1930) .............................................................................................. 39 STATE POLICY: AGENCIES, REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES ............................................................. 39 THE FLORIDA DIVISION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (FDEM) .......................................... 39 THE STATE FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT OFFICE (SFMO) ......................................................... 40 COASTAL CONSTRUCTION CONTROL LINE PROGRAM (CCCL) ............................................. 41 COASTAL BUILDING ZONE (CBZ) ................................................................................................. 41 THE FLORIDA BEACH AND SHORE PRESERVATION ACT (1995) ............................................... 42 STRATEGIC BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN (SBMP) ..................................................................... 42 BEACH EROSION CONTROL PROGRAM (BECP) ....................................................................... 43 THE FLORIDA BUILDING CODE (FBC) .......................................................................................... 43 EDITORIALS AND PERIODICALS ON THE FLORIDA BUILDING CODE ................................................... 50 ROMANO: WHY IS FLORIDA RISKING FUTURE HURRICANE MISERY? ....................................... 50 TOUGHEN FLORIDA’S BUILDING CODE ...................................................................................... 50 FLORIDA INITIATIVES ................................................................................................................................... 50 3 SOUTHEAST FLORIDA REGIONAL COMPACT (2009) ................................................................. 50 SOUTHEAST FLORIDA REGIONAL CLIMATE ACTION PLAN ....................................................... 51 FLORIDA FOREVER (1999) ............................................................................................................. 52 STATEWIDE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING IN FLORIDA ............................................................. 53 STATE GOVERNANCE ARTICLES ............................................................................................................... 53 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON LAW AND POLICY IN FLORIDA ........................................... 53 LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THE REAL SEAT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA-LEVEL RISE ACTION IN FLORIDA (FROM ARTICLE ABOVE) .......................................................................................... 55 FEDERAL POLICY IMPACTING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ............................................................ 57 ‘SAND WARS’: THE BATTLE TO REPLENISH FLORIDA’S BEACHES AMID CLIMATE CRISIS ....... 58 LOCAL AND REGIONAL POLICY .............................................................................................................. 59 THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ......................................................................................................... 59 COASTAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENT ............................................................................................ 60 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ELEMENT ..................................................................................... 62 THE COASTAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENT ..................................................................................... 65 THE REDEVELOPMENT COMPONENT........................................................................................... 67 FLORIDA SB 1094: “AN ACT RELATING TO THE PERIL OF FLOOD” ........................................... 67 SURFACE WATER IMPROVEMENT AND MANAGEMENT (SWIM) PROGRAM (1987) ............. 73 ENVIRONMENTAL LANDS ACQUISITION AND PROTECTION PROGRAM (ELAPP) ................. 73 REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLAN, TAMPA BAY PLANNING REGION (2015) ........................... 74 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 75 HAZARD PLANNING AND FEDERAL FUNDS ......................................................................................................... 78 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 79 FEMA SPONSORED GRANT PROGRAMS ................................................................................................. 81 PUBLIC ASSISTANCE (PA) GRANT PROGRAM ............................................................................ 82 HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM (HMGP) ................................................................... 83 FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE (FMA) GRANT PROGRAM .................................................. 84 PRE-DISASTER MITIGATION (PDM) GRANT PROGRAM ............................................................. 85 BUILDING RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITIES (BRIC) PROGRAM .................... 86 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HUD) SPONSORED GRANT PROGRAMS ................................................................................................................................................. 87 LOCAL MITIGATION STRATEGY (LMS) ...................................................................................................... 90 THREAT AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT (THIRA) ............................................. 96 POST-DISASTER REDEVELOPMENT PLAN (PDRP) .................................................................................