Republic of Senegal Operations Plan Edition 2015/2016
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REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL One People - One Goal - One Faith African Risk Capacity (ARC) REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL OPERATIONS PLAN EDITION 2015/2016 November 2015 1 Table of contents 1. General Information ....................................................................................................... 5 2. Senegalese Drought Profile ........................................................................................... 6 2.1. General geographic distribution of droughts ............................................................ 6 2.2. General rainfall features of the country ................................................................... 9 2.3. Seasonal agricultural calendar .............................................................................. 10 2.4. Historical drought description ................................................................................ 10 2.5. Historical drought impact....................................................................................... 11 2.6. Historical drought interventions ............................................................................. 12 2.7. Discussion of points 2.4 to 2.6 .............................................................................. 13 3. Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................... 13 3.1. Existing national policies or legislation .................................................................. 13 3.2. Existing assessment processes ............................................................................ 14 3.3. Contingency planning procedures for drought ....................................................... 14 3.5. Proposed financial arrangements and coordination of ARC payout ....................... 16 4. Risk Transfer Parameters ............................................................................................ 17 5. Scenario Definition ....................................................................................................... 17 5.1. Drought model scenarios ...................................................................................... 18 6. Intervention Details ...................................................................................................... 19 6.1. First intervention: Food distribution ....................................................................... 19 6.2. Second intervention: Cash transfer ....................................................................... 24 6.3. Third intervention: Cattle feed distribution ............................................................. 28 6.4 Fourth intervention: Screening and management of acute malnutrition ................. 31 7. Monitoring & Evaluation Framework and Plan .............................................................. 34 8. Programme Risks and Assumptions ............................................................................ 35 9. Definition of Standard Operating Procedures ............................................................... 37 10. Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 43 11. Annexes ................................................................................................................... 44 2 List of acronyms ACRONYM MEANING ANACIM National Civil Aviation and Meteorological Agency ANSD National Agency of Statistics and Demography ARC African Risk Capacity ARV Africa RiskView CLM Unit to Combat Malnutrition CSA Food Security DPC Directorate of Civil Protection EWS Early Warning System (or SAP) ERASAN Rural Survey on Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition FEWSNET Famine Early Warning Systems Network MEFP Ministry of the Economy, Finances and Planning MEPA Ministry of Livestock and Animal Productions MSAS Ministry of Health and Social Welfare PSE Emerging Senegal Plan SE/CNSA Executive Secretariat of the National Food Security Council ZAR Zones (areas) at Risk 3 List of Figures Figure 1: Rainfall trends (in mm) in Senegal covering the period 1980-2013 ......................... 9 Figure 2: Rainfall trends in Senegal between 2004 and 2013 .............................................. 10 Figure 3: Seasonal Calendar in Senegal ............................................................................. 10 4 1. General Information Name of Country: SENEGAL Legal representative for the Mr. Abdoulaye NABO plan: Director of Civil Protection (DPC) Ministry of the Interior and Public Security Courriel : [email protected] Téléphone : +221 33 889 39 00 Focal point for the plan: Mr. Massamba DIOP ARC National Administrator Food Security Commission (CSA) Email: [email protected] Telephone: +221 775291562 / +221 338210811 1.1. Status of Senegal in Terms of Risk 1.1.1. Most serious risks Senegal is prone to various risks which are mainly linked to climate change. Because of its geographical location, the country is exposed to the risk of coastal erosion which threatens habitat and infrastructure all along the coastline. Furthermore, the country regularly faces problems relating to rainfall distribution over time and area. On average, the rainfall varies from more than 1000 mm in the south to less than 300 mm in the north. The poor distribution of rainfall over time means that there are long periods of drought, such as those in 1980, 1983, 1996 and 2002. The erratic nature of the rainfall can also lead to flooding, as in 2005. In addition to unpredictable rainfall, locusts and grain-feeding birds are major risks for crops and pasturage. In 1983, 1992 and 2002, the country experienced infestations of desert locusts, which had a negative impact on agricultural production. On top of these various risks, volatile food prices for subsistence crops, cash crops and cattle add risk for food insecurity. This variability can be partly ascribed to fluctuations on world markets. The land ownership system, access to land, cattle diseases (e.g. Rift Valley fever, bird flu, Newcastle disease) and cattle theft are all risks to livestock. 1.1.2. Vulnerability Climatic and other natural disasters (e.g. repeated droughts, floods, locust infestations) further undermine food security and the livelihoods of vulnerable households. Drought-related risks have a greater effect on rural populations who practice agriculture in the broad meaning of the term (e.g. farming, fishing, livestock farming, etc.). Out of 1 607 769 ordinary households living in Senegal, 755 532 practice agriculture, i.e. 47% (ANSD: National Agency of Statistics and Demography, 2013). It should be noted that more than 73% of farming households live in a rural environment characterised by a high rate of poverty (57%) and a low level of access to basic social services, in spite of all the efforts made by the State. Rural farming households are most at risk from climate change, the threat of locust infestations, dysfunctional food product and livestock markets, etc. These categories of households have to deal with the continual depletion and deterioration of natural resources, soil fertility, and fishery resources. Irregular rains and droughts lead to a shortage of grazing for livestock. This phenomenon is more accentuated in the sylvo-pastoral zone. In these categories of households, the most vulnerable groups are children under five years old, pregnant and breast-feeding women, female heads of households (FCM), the elderly, the handicapped, and those suffering from chronic diseases. 5 1.1.3. National risk and disaster management capacity In Senegal, the prevention and management of disaster risks faces many obstacles. The country does not have a major natural disaster risk research unit, experiences are not shared, and disaster risk prevention techniques are not disseminated. Moreover, Senegal has to deal with a shortage of dedicated sea and air intervention resources, as well as a lack of specialised equipment to deal with maritime search and rescue events, maritime safety, and sea pollution. Furthermore, there is no functional insurance system to compensate victims of natural disasters and local authorities lack local emergency plans. The State has nevertheless established a legal and institutional framework to manage disaster risks. This framework consists of consultative bodies including the Higher Civil Protection Commission, the National Platform for the Prevention and Reduction of Major Disaster Risks, and Regional and Departmental Civil Protection Committees. Apart from these consultative bodies, there is also a Civil Protection Directorate and the National Fire Brigade, which are the main executive bodies for disaster risk management. For livestock grazing, the State has developed an innovative mechanism which makes it possible to ensure the survival of herds threatened by drought: the livestock rescue operation (OSB). This operation was initiated in 2012 and aims to save the herds should there be a shortage of grazing. However, it should be noted that herding communities have a traditional adaptation mechanism for drought which consists of moving livestock to areas that are less affected. With regard to nutritional monitoring and the management of acute malnutrition cases, mechanisms instituted by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare as well as the Nutritional Reinforcement Programme implemented by the Unit to Combat Malnutrition (CLM), allow continuous monitoring of the nutritional status of vulnerable populations and put in place appropriate interventions to deal with disasters.