11 6 1807 the journal of biodiversity data 9 December 2015 Check List Lists of Species Check List 11(6): 1807, 9 December 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.6.1807 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors

Diversity and distribution of microlichens in the state of , Eastern Himalaya, India

Pushpi Singh1*, Krishna Pal Singh1 and Ajay Ballabh Bhatt2

1 Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad – 211 002, India 2 Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand * Corresponging author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The paper reports the occurrence of 404 spe- been made (e.g., Pinokiyo et al. 2004; Dubey et al. 2007, cies of microlichens belonging to 105 genera and 39 fam- 2010; Pinokiyo et al. 2008; Singh and Pinokiyo 2008; ilies known so far, from the state of Arunachal Pradesh, Singh and Swarnlatha 2011a, 2011b; Jagadeesh Ram and a part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot. Twelve Sinha 2011; Upreti et al. 2011; Singh and Singh 2012a, species, namely Arthopyrenia saxicola, Arthothelium sub- 2012b, 2012c, 2014; Singh et al. 2013; Joshi et al. 2014). bessale, Diorygma macgregorii, D. pachygraphum, Graphis Recently, a publication on foliicolous of India nuda, G. oligospora, G. paraserpens, G. renschiana, Herpo- (Singh and Pinokiyo 2014) recorded 98 species from thallon japonicum, Megalospora atrorubricans, Porina ti- Arunachal Pradesh. However, the microlichens of upper jucana and Rhabdodiscus crassus, are new distributional northern regions of the state could not be fully explored records for India. Astrothelium meghalayense (Makhija because of rugged and inaccessible hilly terrain. In the & Patw.) Pushpi Singh & Kr. P. Singh and Astrothelium present study, the microlichens collected so far, have subnitidiusculum (Makhija & Patw.) Pushpi Singh & Kr. P. been investigated, identified and enumerated together Singh are proposed as new combinations and 66 species with published reports in the tabular form (Appendix, marked by an asterisk (*) are new distributional records Table A1) for future users. for the state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Key words: microlichens, diversity, Eastern Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of and new records to the south, and shares international borders with the countries of Myanmar in the east, Bhutan in INTRODUCTION the west, and Tibet (People’s Republic of China) in the The Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, one of the north. Several extensive collection expeditions were most important parts of the Himalaya biodiversity undertaken in different localities in the state (Figure hotspot (Mittermeier et al. 2005) covers an area of 1). Collected specimens were deposited in the herbaria 83,743 km2 (2.54 % total area of India) and is at altitudes of Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, ranging between 200 and 7,000 m above the mean sea Allahabad (BSA), and Eastern Regional Centre, level. Arunachal Pradesh lies between 26°28′ and 29°30′ N (ASSAM). Also studied were specimens loaned from latitude and 091°30′ and 097°30′ E longitude. It harbours the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow rich and unique diversity of flora in northeastern (LWG). Morphological observations were made using India due to varied climate and topography. Various a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ 1500). Thin, hand-cut types of substrata, such as bark, twigs, leaves, soil, and sections, of thalli and ascomata were mounted in water, rocks, provide suitable conditions for the rich growth of lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB), 10% KOH and Lugol’s lichens from tropical to alpine regions. Lichenological iodine solution. All anatomical measurements were exploration in the state was first made by Rolla taken in water mounts and examined under a compound Seshagiri Rao and Gopinath Panigrahi of Botanical microscope (Nikon Eclipse 50i). Secondary metabolites Survey of India during 1956–1958. These collections were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) were studied by Awasthi (1961) who reported 42 species following Orange et al. (2001) and White and James of macrolichens. Subsequently, based on new collections (1985). All the specimens were identified with the help in the state, some additional publications on foliicolous of authenticated specimens available in the various lichens, new species, and new records for India have herbaria and published literature. Current names of the

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1. 2. West Kameng 3. East Kameng 4. Papampare 5. Lower Subansiri 6. Upper Subansiri 7. West Siang 8. East Siang 9. Lower Dibang Valley 10. Dibang Valley 11. Lohit 12. Anjaw 13. Changlang 14. Tirap 15. Upper Siang 16. Namsai 17. Kurung Kumey 18. Longding

Figure 1. Map of Arunachal Pradesh showing areas of exploration (stippled) of microlichens in various districts. species, habit and distribution in districts along with Total number of Species Total number of Genera 5 Verrucariaceae 2 selected voucher specimen numbers are also provided. 11 Trypetheliaceae 4 8 Teloschistaceae 1 14 RESULTS Strigulaceae 1 2 This study of microlichens of Arunachal Pradesh Stereocaulaceae 1 12 revealed the occurrence of 404 species (Appendix, Table Roccellaceae 7 2 Rhizocarpaceae 1 A1), belonging to 105 genera and 39 families (Figure 2), 12 Ramalinaceae 3 of which 12 species are newly recorded for the Indian 34 Pyrenulaceae 4 35 lichen flora and 66 species (marked with an asterisk) are Porinaceae 2 31 new distributional records for Arunachal Pradesh. Pilocarpaceae 10 16 Physicaceae 6 As far as the microlichen diversity is concerned, the 1 Phyllobatheliaceae 1 family comprises 123 species and shows 2 Phlyctidaceae 1 12 maximum diversity, followed by Porinaceae (35 species), Pertusariaceae 1 1 Pyrenulaceae (34 species), Pilocarpaceae (31 species), Ophioparmaceae 1 2 Arthoniaceae (30 species), Lecanoraceae (22 species), Ochrolechiaceae 1 1 Mycoblastaceae 1 Physiaceae (16 species), Pertusariaceae (12 species), etc. 1 Monoblastiaceae 1 1 At the generic level, Graphis comprises 46 species and Megasporaceae 1 2 shows maximum species diversity, followed by Porina 34 Megalosporaceae 1 1 species and Lecanora 21 species. Megalariaceae 1 1 Malmideaceae 1 1 Letrouitiaceae 1 New distributional records 6 Lecideaceae 3 22 Lecanoraceae 2 1 Arthopyrenia saxicola A. Massal. Symmict. Lich.: 107. 1855. Hymeneliaceae 1 3 Haematommataceae 1 (Figure 3A–C) 123 Graphidaceae 29 Notes: This species is characterized by its saxicolous 1 Fuscidaceae 1 3 habit (on cemented rock), lichenized, superficial to Coenogoniaceae 1 1 endolithic, whitish or pale brownish or greyish thallus; Coccotremataceae 1 1 black solitary ascomata, branched and anastomosing Coccocarpiaceae 1 1 Chrysotrichaceae 1 pseudoparaphyses with simple periphysoids; 8-spored 1 Catillariaceae 1 asci; colorless, transversely 1-septate, 18–19 (–21) × 7–9 1 Brigantiaeaceae 1

μm ascospores with upper cell slightly broader than the Aspidotheliaceae 1 5 lower cell and lacking lichen substances. Sometimes this Arthopyreniaceae 2 30 species is confused with Porina linearis (Leight.) Zahlbr., Arthoniaceae 5 which has 3-septate ascospores and ± simple paraphyses Figure 2. Total number of genera and species of per microlichen family in (fide Orange 2013). Earlier, this species was erroneously Arunachal Pradesh.

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Figure 3. A–C: Arthopyrenia saxicola, (A) habit, (B) transverse section of ascoma, (C) ascus with ascospores. D–E: Arthothelium subbessale, (D) habit, (E) ascus and ascospores. F–G: Diorygma macgregorii, (F) habit, (G) ascospore. H–I: D. pachygraphum, (H) habit, (I) ascospore. Scale bars: A, D, F, H = 1 mm; B=100 μm; C, E=20 μm; G=25 μm; I=50 μm.

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 3 Volume 11 | Number 6 | Article 1807 Singh et al. | Diversity and distribution of microlichens in Indian Himalaya identified as Anisomeridium calcicolum Upreti & Nayaka Symb. Bot. Upsal. 34 (1): 163. 2004. Graphis pachygrapha (Pinokiyo et al. 2008). It grows between 300 and 400 Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 7(2): 472. 1863. m altitude in shady exposed places in tropical forests. (Figure 3H–I) The species is distributed in Britain, China, Ireland and Notes: This species is characterized by its greenish Hong Kong. or whitish grey slightly fissured to rimose ecorticate Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Debang thallus; flexuous, elongated, prominently raised Valley district, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Sally Lake, on constricted lirellae; closed or slightly opened whitish cemented stones, alt. 390–400 m, K.P. Singh & P. K. Dixit pruinose disc; convergent to divergent, uncarbonized 476 (BSA). exciple; hyaline, weakly I+ blue-violet hymenium mostly in lateral part; 1-spored asci with large Arthothelium subbessale (Nyl.) Makhija & Patw., densely muriform, 164–195 × 34–50 μm ascospores Tropical Bryology 10: 210. 1995. Arthonia subbessalis Nyl., and presence of norstictic and connorstictic acids. Sert. Lich. Trop. Labuan Singapore: 23. 1891 In chemistry and ascospores characters, it closely (Figure 3D–E) resembles Diorygma macgregorii (Vain.) Kalb, Staiger Notes: Arthothelium subbessale is characterized by & Elix, which has whitish pruinose exposed disc. The its endophloeodal to slightly epiphloeodal, irregular, species is distributed in China, Colombia, Philippines brownish grey thallus; blackish-brown semi-immersed and Tanzania. substellate to irregular, blackish-brown ascomata; Specimens examined: Arunachal Pradessh, West Siang branched and anastomosing paraphysiods; 8-spored asci; district, Basar to Bame, alt. ca. 850 m, K. P. Singh 2445 muriform, transversely 6–7-septate and longitudinally (ASSAM); , -Tenga 1–3-septate, 30–35 (–36) × 14–16 µm ascospores with road, near Dedza Bridge, on bark, alt. ca. 1216 m, K.P. a large undivided apical cell and absence of lichen Singh & G. Swaranlata 4931, 4835, 4845, 4832 (BSA). substances. In ascospores character, it closely resembles Arthothelium bessale (Nyl.) Zahlbr., which has rounded, Graphis nuda (Magn.) Staiger & Lücking, in Lücking, large ascomata and large ascospores (36–44 µm long, Chaves, Sipman, Umaña & Aptroot, Fieldiana Bot. 38 fide Makhija and Patwardhan 1995). The species is (no. 1549): 93. 2008. Graphina nuda H. Magn., Ark. Bot. distributed in Singapore. 3(no. 10): 266. 1955. Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Upper (Figure 4A–B) Subansiri district, Taliha, Subansiri River bed, on bark, Notes: This species is characterized by the greyish or K.P. Singh 10502 (ASSAM). whitish grey thallus; very short, sessile lirellae lacking thalline margin; concealed disc; entire labia; completely Diorygma macgregorii (Vain.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix, carbonized exciple; clear hymenium; 8-spored asci with Symb. Bot. Ups. 34(1): 159–160. 2004. Cyclographina colorless, muriform, 28–44 (–47) × 14–19 μm ascospores macgregorii (Vain.) D.D. Awasthi & M. Joshi, Norw. J. and absence of lichen substances. Morphologically, it Bot. 26(3): 172. 1979. closely resembles Graphis ruiziana (Fée) A. Massal., and (Figure 3F–G) G. subruiziana Sipman, Chaves & Lücking, but both later Notes: Diorygma macgregorii is characterized by species have larger 35-65 μm and 55–80 μm long asco- its pale brown or grayish brown, rugose ecorticate spores respectively (fide Lücking et al. 2009) ascospores. thallus; straight to incurved, flexuous and branched, The species is widely distributed in Neotropics and East- prominently raised lirellae; wide open whitish ern Palaeotropics. pruinose disc; divergent, non-carbonized exciple; Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Dibang clear, completely I+ blue hymenium; colorless, oblong, Valley district, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Sally lake, on densely muriform, 110–180 × 40–50 µm ascospores bark, alt. 390-400 m, K . P. Singh & P.K. Dixit 448 (BSA). and presence of norstictic and connorstictic acids. This species resembles Diorygma pachygraphum (Nyl.) Kalb, Graphis oligospora Zahlbr. apud Handel-Mazzetti, Staiger & Elix, but later species differs in having closed Symbol. Sinic. Pars 3: 45. 1930. to slightly open disc and strongly raised apothecia. This (Figure 4C–D) species is widely distributed in China, Philippines and Notes: This species is characterized by its pale brown, Papua New Guinea. rugose thallus; short and sparsely branched, emergent Specimens examined: Arunachal Pradesh, West lirellae covered with lateral thalline margin; concealed Kameng district, near Dedza bridge, Bhaulkpong-Tenga disc; entire labia; apically to peripherally carbonized road, on bark, alt. ca. 1216 m, K.P. Singh & G. Swarnlatha exciple; clear hymenium; 2–4 (–6)-spored asci with 4833, 4826 (BSA). colorless, fusiform, transversely 8–10-septate, (26–) 36–42 × (7–) 8–10 μm ascospores and absence of lichen Diorygma pachygraphum (Nyl.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix, substances. Anatomically, it closely resembles Graphis

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Figure 4. A–B. Graphis nuda, (A) habit, (B) ascospore. C–D: G. oligospora, (C) habit, (D) ascospores. E–F: G. paraserpens, (E) habit, (F) ascospores. G–H: G. renschiana, (G) habit, (H) ascospores. Scale bars: A, C, E, G = 1 mm; B, D, F, H = 20 μm.

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 5 Volume 11 | Number 6 | Article 1807 Singh et al. | Diversity and distribution of microlichens in Indian Himalaya intermediella Stirt., which has very long and radiately (Figure 5A–B) branched lirellae. The species is widely distributed in Notes: This species is characterized by the whitish to eastern palaeotropics. greenish-grey, minutely felty thallus lacking calicium Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Dibang oxalate crystals, I-/KI-; numerous, dense, cylindrical, Valley district, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Mehao lake, unbranched, byssoid-felty, 0.8–1 × 0.2 mm pseudoisidia; on bark, alt. 1550-1600 m, K.P. Singh & P. Barua 10871 whitish byssoid hypothalllus; pale brown to whitish (ASSAM). byssoid prothallus and presence of gyrophoric acid as major substance. It closely resembles H. philippinum Graphis paraserpens Lizano & Lücking, in Lücking, (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking in morphology but later Chaves, Sipman, Umaña & Aptroot, Fieldiana Bot. 38 species differs in I+/KI+ blue reaction and presence (1549): 96. 2008. of calicium oxalate crystals in the thallus. Earlier this (Figure 4E–F) species was reported from Japan. Notes: Graphis paraserpens is characterized by its Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, East Kameng greyish brown to pale brown thallus; elongate, straight district, Phakui Wildlife Sanctuary, Dichu-Julley Nala, to flexuose, partly branched, immersed-erumpent on bark, alt. 300-400 m, K. P. Singh 10091 A, B (ASSAM). lirellae with concealed disc and striate labia; apically to peripherally carbonized exciple with apically thin Megalospora atrorubricans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Cat. Lich. complete thalline margin; 2–6-spored asci with colorless, Univ. 4: 86. 1927. Lecidea marginiflexa var. atrorubricans muriform, 22–35 × 8.5–10 μm ascospores and absence of Nyl., Flora Regensburg 49: 132. 1866. lichen substances. Morphologically, it resembles Graphis (Figure 5C–D) symplecta Nyl., which has broader ascospores (15–20 Notes: This species is characterized by its greyish green, μm, fide Lücking et al. 2009). It also closely resembles rugulose thallus; sessile, concave to strongly convex, Graphis puiggarii (Müll. Arg.) Lücking in morphological dark brown to black, epruinose apothecia; inspersed characters and ascospores size but the latter species hymenium; brown epihymenium; 1-spored asci with differs in having lateral carbonized exciple. The species colorless, ellipsoid to oblong, straight, transversely is distributed in Costa Rica. 1-septate, 88–102 × 30–35 μm ascospores and presence Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng of usnic acid and zeorin. In ascospores character and district, Sessa, on bark, alt. 1110-1500 m, Pinokiyo 64 chemistry, it closely resembles Megalospora sulphurata (BSA). Meyen, which has 2–8-spored asci and ±curved (sulphurata-type) ascospores. This species is widely Graphis renschiana (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., Bericht. Uber distributed in the Hawaiian Islands, Indonesia, the die Thatigk. St. Gallisch. Naturw. Gesellsch. 184. 1891. Mascarene Islands, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines Graphina renschiana Müll. Arg., Flora Regensburg 68(28): and New Caledonia. 512. 1885. Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng (Figure 4G–H) district, Shergoan river side, on bark, alt. ca. 1,600 m, Notes: This species is characterized by its greyish G.P. Sinha & T.A.M. Jagadeesh Ram 11416 (ASSAM). brown to reddish brown thallus; elongate and irregularly branched, erumpent lirellae with concealed Porina tijucana Vain., Étude Lich. Brésil 2: 220. 1890. disc and entire labia; laterally carbonized exciple; clear (Figure 5E–F) hymenium; 4–6-spored asci with colorless, muriform, Notes: Porina tijucana is characterised by its 22–35 × 10–15 µm ascospores and presence of norstictic saxicolous habit, grey brown to greenish brown thallus; acid. Morphologically and in chemistry, it resembles emergent 0.3–0.65 μm diam. perithecia with broad Graphis norstictica A.W. Archer & Lücking and G. borealis black perithecial cap; well-developed involucrellum (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer, but both latter species have and fusiform, transversely 5–9 (–11)-septate, 69–80 larger ascospores. Morphologically, it also resembles × 8.5–10 (–13) µm ascospores with gelatinous sheath. G. deserpens Vain, which has stictic acid. This species is It resembles P. guaranitica Malme, which has a highly widely distributed in China, Florida, Madagascar and reduced involucrellum. It is also close to P. mastoidea the Philippines (Pantropical). (Ach.) Müll. Arg., but later species differs in having Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng smaller ascospores (32–65 × 6–12 µm, fide McCarthy district, Tipi, Festival ground, on bark, alt. ca. 160 m, 2001). The species is widely distributed in Brazil, Costa K.P. Singh & G. Swarnlatha 4741 (BSA). Rica, Colombia, Panama and Thailand. Specimens examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Dibang Herpothallon japonicum (Zahlbr.) G. Thor in Aptroot Valley district, Ryali- forest, on rock, alt. ca. 900 et al. Biblioth. Lichnol. 99: 44. 2009. Chiodecton japonicum m, K. P. Singh 4783 (ASSAM); , Zahlbr., Annals mycol. 29(1/2): 77. 1931. Yazali river side forest, on rock, alt. 480–494 m, K. P.

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Figure 5. A–B. Herpothallon japonicum, (A) habit, (B) pseudoisidia (close-up). C–D: Megalospora atrorubricans, (C) habit, (D) ascus with ascospore. E–F: Porina tijucana, (E) habit, (F) ascospore. G–H: Rhabdodiscus crassus (G) habit, (H) ascospores. Scale bars: A, B, C, E, G = 1 mm; D, H= 20 μm; F= 25 μm.

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Singh 5547 (ASSAM). rounded (not diamond-shaped) lumina in ascospores cluster around the Trypethelium group, while species Rhabdodiscus crassus (Müll. Arg.) Rivas Plata, Lücking with diamond-shaped lumina form another cluster & Lumbsch, Taxon 61. 1175. 2012. Leptotrema crassum around the Astrothelium conicum-group, regardless of Müll. Arg., Flora, Regensburg 65(21): 332. 1882. their ascoma organization. Accordingly following two (Figure 5G–H) new combinations are proposed. Notes: This species is characterized by its greenish grey to brownish thallus; emergent to prominent apo- Astrothelium meghalayense (Makhija & Patw.) Pushpi thecia with broad-stump shaped carbonized columella Singh & Kr. P. Singh comb. nov.; Trypethelium meghalay- with whitish pruinosity at the tip and open disc; lat- ense Makhija & Patw., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 73: 201.1993. eral carbonized exciple with clear hymenium; 8-spored (Figure 6A–B) asci with fusiform, 5–7 × 0–1-septate, 15–20 × 7–9 μm Mycobank: MB 814410 ascospores and presence of psoromic acid (major). Notes: Astrothelium meghalayense is characterized by Morphologically, it closely resembles Ocellularia papil- its greenish grey thallus; multicarpic, thallus colored, lata (Leighton) Zahlbr., which has a simple columella, raised pseudostromata with creamish colored top; 3–5-septate ascospores and lacks psoromic acid. The inspersed hamathecium; 8-spored asci and colorless, species is widely distributed in Australia, Costa Rica, transversely 3-septate, 23–30 × 7–9 μm ascospores with Indonesia (Java), Japan and USA. diamond-shaped lumina. Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Dibang Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, Lower , Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Mehao lake, Valley district, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Mehao Lake, alt. ca. 1,550 m, K.P. Singh & P.K. Dixit 547 C, F (BSA). on bark, alt. 1,550–1,700 m, K. P. Singh & P. K. Dixit 589 E (ASSAM). New combinations Recently, phylogenetic studies on Trypetheliaceae Astrothelium subnitidiusculum (Makhija & Patw.) (Nelsen et al. 2014) have shown that the species with Pushpi Singh & Kr. P. Singh comb. nov.; Trypethelium

Figures 6. A–B: Astrothelium meghalayense, (A) habit, (B), ascus with ascospores. C–D: Astrothelium subnitidiusculum, (C) habit, (D) ascospore. Scale bars: A, C = 1 mm; B, D = 20 μm.

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 8 Volume 11 | Number 6 | Article 1807 Singh et al. | Diversity and distribution of microlichens in Indian Himalaya subnitidiusculum Makhija & Patw., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 73: 207. 1993.

(Figure 6C–D) , 15% Mycobank: MB 814411 Notes: A. subnitidiusculum is characterized by its brownish-yellow thallus; monocarpic, thallus colored, Arunachal Pradesh, raised pseudostromata with pale top; inspersed 43% hamathecium; 8-spored asci and colorless, transversely Uttarakhand, 30% 7-septate, 30–58 × 10–13 μm ascospores with diamond- shaped lumina.

Specimen examined: Arunachal Pradesh, , West Bengal Madhuban Reserve Forest, alt. ca. 250 m, K.P. Singh 4196 (Darjeeling district), 12% (ASSAM).

DISCUSSION Figure 7. Microlichen diversity in Indian Himalayan states. Geographically, Arunachal Pradesh is the largest state , 1% among the eight northeastern states (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, , , , Nagal­and, Sikkim and Tripura) of India and harbours a wide spectrum of Sikkim, 11% Assam, 19% lichen diversity. The present study provides an idea of the diversity and distribution of microlichens in the Nagaland, 8% state and provides baseline data for future research in this region. Arunachal Pradesh has characteristic lichen Mizoram, 6% genera such as Coccotrema (Singh and Singh 2012c), Meghalaya, 2% Erythrodecton (Singh et al. 2009) and Mycoblastus (Singh Arunachal Pradesh, 32% Manipur, 15% and Singh 2015), which are hitherto unknown from the other parts of India. Forty-eight species (marked with an “E” in Appendix, Table A1) are endemic to India. Thus, Arunachal Pradesh has a distinct and unique lichen diversity and justifies its inclusion as a hotspot of Figure 8. Microlichen diversity in northeastern states of India. biodiversity in the Indian Himalaya. Habitat-wise, 265 species are corticolous (67%), 98 species are foliicolous (25%), 27 species are saxicolous (7%), and four species unexplored; future exploration of these areas may are terricolous (1%). It is observed that the corticolous provide many interesting finds. The present assessment and foliicolous species are dominant and commonly dis- of microlichens will be helpful in biomonitoring and tributed in almost all localities where as saxicolous and climate change studies, conservation research, and terricolous ones are scarce. sustainable utilization of lichen resources. A comparison of microlichen diversity with other Indian Himalayan states indicates that the Arunachal ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Pradesh has the highest number of microlichen species The authors thank Dr. Paramjit Singh, Director, known so far (Figure 7). The state has 404 species, but Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, for encouragement Uttarakhand has 282 species, Sikkim has 265 species, and Dr. G.P. Sinha, Head of Office, Botanical Survey of Himachal Pradesh has 155 species, Jammu and Kashmir India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad for facilities. has 149 species, and West Bengal-Darjeeling has 114 One of the authors (PS) also thanks the authorities of species (Singh and Sinha 2010; Upreti et al. 2010; Sinha Botanical Survey of India for financial assistance under and Jagadeesh Ram 2011; Jagadeesh Ram and Sinha the “Flora of India Project”. 2011a, 2011b; Joseph and Sinha 2012, 2015; Goni et al. 2015). Similarly, a comparison among the north eastern LITERATURE CITED states the Arunachal Pradesh also shows high percentage Awasthi, D.D. 1961. Some foliose and fruticose lichens from Assam of microlichen diversity (Figure 8). and North-East Frontier Agency of India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 54: 24–44. The rugged, hilly, and largely inaccessible terrain, Dubey, U., D.K. Upreti and J. Rout. 2007. Lichen flora of Along, West which is cut by many rivers and streams originating , Arunachal Pradesh. Phytotaxonomy 7: 21–26. from higher Himalayas, has made lichen surveys in the Dubey, U., D.K. Upreti and N. Sanjeeva. 2010. A new species of region extremely difficult. As a result, many areas in Leiorreuma Eschw. from India. The Lichenologist 42: 711–713. doi: the north at higher elevations are still lichenologically 10.1017/S002428291000040X Goni, R., A.K.P. Raina, R. Magotra and N. Sharma. 2014. Lichen

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flora of Jammu and Kashmir State, India: An updated checklist. Singh, K.P. and A. Pinokiyo. 2014. Foliicolous lichens of India. Tropical Plant Research 2(1): 64–71. Dehradun: Bishen Singh Mehendra Pal Singh. 335 pp. Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M. and G.P. Sinha. 2011. A new species and a Singh, K.P. and G. Swarnlatha. 2011a. A new species of Schistophoron new record of Herpothallon (lichenized ) from India. from India. The Lichenologist 43(3): 209–212. doi: 10.1017/ Mycotaxon 116: 313–316. doi: 10.5248/116.313 S0024282910000800 Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M. and G.P. Sinha. 2011a. Additional records of Singh, K.P. and G. Swarnlatha. 2011b. A note on Graphidaceous lichens for Darjeeling hills. Annals of Foresty 19(2): 264–265. lichens from Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal Forestry 34: Jagadeesh Ram, T.A.M. and G.P. Sinha. 2011b. Additions to lichen 353–360. flora of Himalaya from Darjeeling and Sikkim. Geophytology Singh, K.P. and G.P. Sinha. 2010. Indian lichens: Annotated Checklist. 40(1–2): 21–28. Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India. 571 pp. Joseph, S. and G.P. Sinha. 2012. Lecanora bicincta Ramond, a new Singh, K.P. and P. Singh. 2012a. A new species of Pyrgillus record to Indian lichen flora and some additions to the lichen from India. The Lichenologist 44(6): 773–776. doi: 10.1017/ flora of Sikkim, India. Geophytology 42(1): 71–75. S002428291200028X Joseph, S. and G.P. Sinha. 2015. Contributions to the Singh, K.P. and P. Singh. 2012b. Genus Pyrgillus Nyl. (Lichenized: Synarthonia (lichenized Ascomycota, Arthoniaceae). The Ascomycota: Pyrenulaceae) in India. Taiwania 57(4): 391–395. Lichenologist 47(2): 123–130. doi: 10.1017/s002428291500002x Singh, K.P., T.A.M. Jagadeesh Ram and G.P. Sinha. 2009. Joshi, Y., T.A.M. Jadageesh Ram, P. Singh and G.P. Sinha. 2014. Erythrodecton G. Thor (Lichenized Ascomycetes), a new generic Caloplaca indica, a new lichenized Ascomycetes (Teloschistaceae) record for India. Indian Journal Forestry 32(2): 335–336. from Eastern Himalaya, India. National Academy Science Letter Singh, P. and K.P. Singh. 2012c. Coccotrema (Lichenized: Ascomycota) 37(6) 517–519. doi: 10.1007/s40009-014-0270-3 a new generic record for India. Indian Journal Forestry 35(1): Lücking, R., A.W. Archer and A. Aptroot. 2009. A world wide key to 131–132. the genus Graphis (: Graphidaceae). The Lichenologist Singh, P. and K.P. Singh. 2014. Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trev. 41: 363–452. doi: 10.1017/S0024282909008305 (lichenized: Ascomycota): a new record for India. Check List Makhija, U. and P.G. Patwardhan. 1995. The Lichen genus 10(1): 178–179. doi: 10.15560/10.1.178 Arthothelium (Family Arthoniaceae) in India. Journal, Hattori Singh, P. and K.P. Singh. 2015. Mycoblastus Norman (Mycoblastaceae): Botanical Laboratory 78: 189–235. A new generic record for India from Arunachal Pradesh. Indian McCarthy, P.M. 2001. Porina; pp. 106–153, in: P.M. McCarthy Journal of Forestry 38(3): 249–251. (ed.). Flora of Australia. 58A, Lichens 3. Canberra: Australia Singh, P., K.P. Singh and A.B. Bhatt. 2013. New species and new Government Publishing Service. records of thelotremoid Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) Mittermeier, R.A., P.R. Gil, M. Hoffman, J. Pilgrim, T. Brooks, from Arunachal Pradesh (India). Taiwania 58(4): 246‒250. doi: C.G. Mittermeier, J. Lamoreux and G.A.B. de Fonseca (eds). 10.6165/tai.2013.58.246 2005. Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically richest and most Sinha, G.P. and T.A.M. Jagadeesh Ram. 2011. Lichen diversity in endangered terrestrial ecoregions. Mexico: CEMEX. 392 pp. Sikkim; pp. 13–29, in: M.L. Arrawatia and S. Tambe (eds.). Nelsen, M.P., R. Lücking, A. Aptroot, C.J. Andrew, M.E.S. Cáceres, Biodiversity of Sikkim exploring and conserving a global hotspot. E. Rivas Plata, C. Gueidan, L. DA Silva Canez, A. Knight, L.R. Gantok: Department of Information and Public Relations, Ludwig, J. Mercadi-Diaz., S. Parnmens and H.T. Lumbsch. Government of Sikkim. 2014. Elucidating phylogenetic relationships and genus- Upreti, D.K., S. Nayaka and S. Chatterjee. 2010. Lichen diversity of level classification within the fungal family Trypetheliaceae Uttarakhand Himalaya; pp. 79–196, in: P.L. Uniyal, B.P. Chamola (Dothideomycets: Ascomycota). Taxon 65: 974–992. and D.P. Semwal (eds.). The plant wealth of Uttarakhand. New Orange, A. 2013. British and other pyrenocarpous lichens. Cardiff, Delhi: Jagdamba Publishing. Wales: Department of Biodiversity and Systematic Biology, Upreti, D.K., U. Dubey and N. Sanjeeva. 2011. A new isidiate species of National Museum of Wales. 250 pp. Hemithecium Trevis. (Ascomycota, Graphidaceae) from India. The Orange, A., P.W. James and F. J. White. 2001. Microchemical Methods Lichenologist 43(5): 483–485. doi: 10.1017/S0024282911000430 for the Identification of Lichens. London: British Lichen Society. White F.J. and P.W. James. 1985. A new guide to microchemical 101 pp. techniques for the identification of lichen substances. British Pinokiyo, A., K.P. Singh and S.K. Borthakur. 2004. Foliicolous species Lichen Society Bulletin 57(Suppl.): 1–41. of Porina (Lichens) from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal Forestry 27(4): 407–416. Author contributions: KPS collected the specimens, PS and KPS Pinokiyo, A., K.P. Singh and J.S. Singh. 2008. Diversity and did identification and photography and wrote the text and ABB distribution of lichens in relation to altitude in a protected attended the review processes. area within a biodiversity hot spot of North-east India. The Lichenologist 40(1): 47–62. doi: 10.1017/S0024282908007214 Singh, K.P. and A. Pinokiyo. 2008. New taxa of lichens from Received: 2 July 2015 eastern India. The Lichenologist 40(1): 23–29. doi: 10.1017/ Accepted: 16 September 2015 S0024282908006889 Academic editor: Sandra Costa-Böddeker

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10561, 10569 (ASSAM) 397B (BSA) 10021 (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher 10309, 10665 (ASSAM) 474B (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 12410A (ASSAM) 4233 (ASSAM) 592A, 514 (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 12706E (ASSAM) 2939, 2945 (ASSAM) 3047 (ASSAM) 476 (BSA) 3023 (ASSAM) 10120, 10165 (ASSAM) 5195 (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 10502 (ASSAM) 589E (BSA) 9874 (ASSAM) 508B (BSA) 12864D (ASSAM) 12850D (ASSAM) 12972E (CAL) 12856D (ASSAM) 2912 (ASSAM) 4029 (BSA) 11282 (ASSAM) 619E (BSA) 619E (BSA) 10592 (ASSAM) 12894P (ASSAM) 5060B (BSA) 7–013645 (LWG) 284B (BSA), Namsai Namsai

+ 9941 (ASSAM) Tirap Tirap

+ 2835, 9620 (ASSAM) + 11819C (ASSAM) + 12977I (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ 2676 (ASSAM) + + + + + 11810 (ASSAM) Anjaw Anjaw

Lohit Lohit

+ Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ + Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ + East Siang Siang East

+ West Siang Siang West

+ + + + + + + + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + + + + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat F 200–800 F 200–800 F 500–600 S 390–400 F 1100–1200 FF 200–300 550–950 F 200–300 FF 225–900 300–800 C 300–400 C 200–700 + C ca. 400 CC– 1000–1200 CC ca. 250 E 390–400 C 300–400 C 400–500 C ca.1800 C 115–200 CC ca. 300 ca. 202 C– CC 600–800 1350–1500 C ca. 400 C E ca. 250 CC 300–600 1100–1200 C ca. 1575 CC ca. 1400 C 750–1500 500 –1700 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Pyrenulaceae Monoblastiaceae C ca. 1600 Graphidaceae CF 2500–2750 Family Arthoniaceae

Arthoniaceae Arthopyreniaceae C E 350–850

Hymeneliaceae S E ca. 2400 Ramalinaceae

Graphidaceae Graphidaceae

(Eschw.) R.C. Harris (Eschw.) prasinum Anthracothecium Anisomeridium R.C. Harris biforme (Borrer) (Hepp) Müll. Arg. Müll. (Hepp) macrosporum Anthracothecium (R. Sant.) Lücking, Sérus. & Vězda & Sérus. Lücking, albostrigosus (R. Sant.) Aderkomyces Species Arthonia Nyl. antillarum (Fée) Arthonia Stirt. collectiva (DC.) Wallr. Wallr. Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Arthonia Stirt. inconspicua Arthonia Stirt. recedens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. Arthonia Arg.) (Müll. palmulacea Arthonia Nyl. subgyrosa Arthonia Arg. trilocularis Müll. Arthonia 1 sp. Arthonia 2 sp. * Arthopyrenia Zahlbr. majuscula (Nyl.) * Arthothelium Arg. Müll. abnorme (Ach.) (Stirt.) D. Hawksw. Arthopyrenia (Stirt.) clavaeformis D. Körb. Arthopyrenia grisea (Schleich. Schaer.) ex Arthothelium chiodectoides Zahlbr. (Nyl.) Arthopyrenia A. Massal. saxicola Arthothelium subbessale Makhija (Nyl.) & Patw. Arthothelium 1 sp. (Makhija & Patw.) Pushpi Singh & Kr. P. Singh P. Singh & Kr. Pushpi subnitidiusculum (MakhijaAstrothelium & Patw.) Räsänen Aspicilia dwaliensis Singh & Pinokiyo indicum Kr.P. Lücking var. Aspidothelium scutellicarpum Singh P. Singh & Kr. Aspidotheliaceae Pushpi (Makhija meghalayense Astrothelium & Patw.) F Trypetheliaceae E Zahlbr. Arg.) (Müll. * Bacidia heterochroa 1600–800 C E 1550–1700 Asterothyrium decipiens (Rehm) R. Sant. Asterothyrium Sérus. Arg.) (Müll. rotuliforme Asterothyrium (Delise ex Duby) Vain. (Delise Duby) ex *Bacidia laurocerasi (Stirt.) R. Sant. quadrangula Aulaxina uniseptata R. Sant. Aulaxina *Bacidia medialis (Tuck. Zahlbr. Nyl.) ex (Taylor) Zahlbr. (Taylor) * Bacidia millegrana Vain. Vain. Bacidia olivaceorufa Zahlbr. Bacidia submedialis (Nyl.) Bacidina mastothallina (Vain.) Vezda (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Arg.) (Müll. Bacidia nigrofusca *Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. Vezda Arg.) (Müll. Bacidina apiahica APPENIDX. endemic. E, terricolous; T, S, saxicolous; foliicolous; C, corticolous; F, + Present; India. Abbreviations: Pradesh, of Arunachal A1. List of microlichens Table

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Voucher Number Voucher 538 (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 13218A (ASSAM) 12504B (ASSAM) 12850D (ASSAM) 11910A (ASSAM) 5035 (BSA) 13045 (ASSAM) 12632B (ASSAM) 11338 (ASSAM) 7802A (ASSAM) 12637B (ASSAM) 06–006588 (LWG) 4782 (ASSAM) 11769D (ASSAM) 11760B (ASSAM) 13146D (ASSAM) 11805 (ASSAM) 5012 (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 12314A (ASSAM) 7802B (LWG) 5147 (BSA) 11365 (ASSAM) 9420, 10501 (ASSAM) 10602 (ASSAM) Pinokiyo et al. 2008 et al. Pinokiyo 355A (BSA) 10501 (ASSAM) 5142C (BSA) 7802 (ASSAM) 11423 (ASSAM) 3043B (ASSAM) 07–009098 (LWG), 9616 (ASSAM) 10367, 10601 (ASSAM) 11206 (ASSAM) 1925 (ASSAM) 4979 (BSA) 06–006570 (LWG)

Namsai Namsai Tirap Tirap

+ 11802B (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + 12941C (ASSAM) + + + + + Anjaw Anjaw

+ + + + 12948I (ASSAM) + Lohit Lohit

+ + + + Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ + Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ + East Siang Siang East

+ West Siang Siang West

+ + ++ + + + + + + + + + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + + + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat FF 200–300 1300–1400 FFF ca. 800 F 550–850 200–300 550–900 F 350–800 F 500–1300 F 800–2000 FFF ca. 550 200–500 200–300 + F 500–700 F 200–1600 F ca. 800 + S 2000–2500 S ca. 500 S ca. 1800 C– C 300–400 C ca. 1200 C E 3200–3650 C ca. 510 C ca. 2641m C ca. 1500 C 3200–3650 C ca. 2641m C ca. 2450 C ca. 1184 C–CC E ca. 1500 1625–1800 C E 500–1700 C E ca. 2000 CCC ca. 300 ca. 340C ca. 750 ca. 500 + C 3200–3650 C ca. 1500 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Roccellaceae Family

Physciaceae Teloschistaceae C 500–1500

Physciaceae Pilocarpaceae Pilocarpaceae Ramalinaceae Graphidaceae

Brigantiaeaceae C ca. 220 Pilocarpaceae

Physciaceae Pilocarpaceae

Pilocarpaceae

Graphidaceae Catillariaceae Graphidaceae Roccellaceae Continued. (Fée) Egea & Torrente & Egea (Fée) myriadea Bactrospora Species (Fée) J. Sant. ex Hafellner & Poelt Hafellner ex Sant. J. (Fée) brebissonii *Caloplaca (Stirt.) remensa MarbachBaculifera bassiae (Willd. Mahler. Ach.) Caloplaca ex (Nyl.) P. James var. subdiscordans James var. P. (Nyl.) Byssoloma subdiscordans Byssoloma Zahlbr. (Mont.) tricholomum indicum Tibell * Calicium Vezda subcoerulescens Calopadia (Zahlbr.) (Kremp.) Vezda Badimia galbinea Vezda (Kremp.) Sérus. Arg.) (Müll. palmularis Bapalmuia subduplex Printzen (Nyl.) Biatora Zahlbr. Arg.) (Müll. Byssoloma polychromum aspidota Calenia (Vain.) Vezda (Huds.)Th.Fr. ferruginea Caloplaca sp.1 Calicium Vezda (R. Sant.) nymanii Calopadia (L.) Fr. vernalis * Biatora & Hafellner R. Sant. (Spreng.) Brigantiaea leucoxanthum Byssoloma (Vain.) chlorinum Zahlbr. Byssoloma leucoblepharum Vain. (Nyl.) perpallida Calopadia Vezda (Nyl.) Vezda Arg.) (Müll. puiggarii Calopadia Laundon J.R. (Huds.) flavorubescens * Caloplaca * Buellia aethalea (Ach.)Th.Fr. R. Sant. Arg.) (Müll. fumosonigricans Byssolecania (Müll. Arg.) Vezda Vezda Arg.) (Müll. fusca Calopadia Awasthi D.D. handelii (Zahlbr.) *Caloplaca Hue) H. Magn. ex herbidella (Nyl. *Caloplaca (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. Th. (Hoffm.) Buellia alboatra *Buellia subtigmea S.R. Singh & D.D.Awasthi (Flot.) Körb. (Flot.) Buellia leptocline Singh & S.R. Kr.P. *Buellia morehensis R. Sant. Arg.) deplanata (Müll. Byssolecania Jagadeesh & Sinha Y.Joshi, indica Caloplaca Nyl. Zahlbr. * Buellia posthabita Zahlbr. Nyl. & Kalb Staiger (Fée) marcescens Carbacanthographis 1 sp. Catillaria A. Frisch (Nyl.) * Chapsa pseudophlyctis 1 Chapsa sp. Arg. Chiodecton Müll. leptosporum (Ach.) Malme (Ach.) * Buellia pharcidia (Hoffm.) A. Nordin saxicola * Caloplaca Table A1. Table

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152C (BSA) 12697D (ASSAM) 452B (BSA) 502 (BSA) 2737 (ASSAM) 452B (BSA) 2884L (ASSAM) 9028, 9030 (ASSAM) 10139 (ASSAM) 10459 (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher 5138 (BSA) 2719 (ASSAM) 10042 (ASSAM) 10085, 10074 (ASSAM) 2935 (ASSAM) 7802 (ASSAM) 12419 (ASSAM) 11805C (ASSAM) L81796 (LWG) 4825, 4845 (BSA) 11170B (ASSAM) 5904 (ASSAM) 11826C (ASSAM) 4833, 4826 (ASSAM) 10444 (ASSAM) 12985A (ASSAM) 4662 (BSA) 4860 (BSA) 10607 (ASSAM) 4831 (BSA) 3094A (ASSAM) 11087 (ASSAM) 8120 (ASSAM) 4961 (BSA) 5219 (BSA) 9255(ASSAM) 4279 (BSA) Namsai Namsai

+ 13055C (ASSAM) + 4733 (BSA) + 4174 (BSA) Tirap Tirap

+ 12932H (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + 4854 (BSA) + + + + Anjaw Anjaw

+ Lohit Lohit

+ + Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ + Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ East Siang Siang East

+ + + West Siang Siang West

+ + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ ++ + + + + + + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat F ca. 1100 FF ca. 250 200–800 FF 230–500 1300–1500 F 200–1500 F 800–2000 F 500–1300 F 750–1100 S ca. 1000 S E ca. 500 S ca. 900 T 750–1500 T 1050–1750 C 400–950 C ca. 200 C ca. 500 CC ca. 750 ca. 900 C 300–400 C ca. 200 C ca. 500 CC 3200–3650 300–1216 C 350–500 C E ca. 1216 C 550–1200 C ca. 1216 CC ca. 400 ca. 136 C 202–1700 C ca. 150 C 202–1100 C 850–1216 CC ca. 300 ca. 202 C 220–229 CF 300–1340 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Roccellaceae

Chrysotrichaceae C 200–1645 Arthoniaceae

Coccotremataceae C ca. 2125 Coccocarpiaceae F ca. 325 Graphidaceae Family

Coenogoniaceae CF ca. 1500

Physciaceae Graphidaceae

Roccellaceae Graphidaceae

Pilocarpaceae

Graphidaceae Continued. Egea & Torrente & plurilocularis * Cresponea Egea (L.) J.R. Laundon * Chrysothrix (L.) J.R. candelaris Kalb & Lücking Arg.) ( Müll. zonatum Coenogonium R. Sant. Cryptothecia Arg.) effusa (Müll. (Kremp.) R. Sant. Cryptothecia (Kremp.) candida (Rehm) subluteum KalbCoenogonium & Lücking (Mont.) Müll. Arg. Müll. cucurbitula (Mont.) Coccotrema (Spreng.) Arv. & D.J.Galloway Arv. (Spreng.) palmicola Coccocarpia * Cryptothecia Makhija faveolata & Patw. (Leight.) Müll. Arg Müll. (Leight.) Chroodiscus coccineus R. Sant. Chroodiscus mirificus (Kremp.) Makhija & Patw. Cryptothecia (Zahlbr.) lunulata Species (Dicks.) Kalb (Dicks.) luteum Coenogonium & Lücking Makhija & Patw. * Cryptothecia punctulata Makhija & Patw. G. Thor * Cryptothecia scripta G. Cryptothecia sp.1 Cyphelium inquinans Cyphelium (Sm.) Trev. & Kalb Staiger Diorygma (Pers.) heiroglyphium (Mont. & Bosch.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix Staiger Diorygma & Bosch.) (Mont. Kalb, junghuhnii B.O. Sharma & Makhija Diorygma B.O. longilirellatum (Kremp.) G. Thor G. Erythrodecton malacum (Kremp.) semecarpi (Vain.) Vezda Fellhanera 1 sp. Fissurina Diorygma (Vain.) macgregorii & Elix Staiger rhapidopfylli (Rehm) Vezda Fellhanera subcontexta Ach. Fissurina bouteillei (Desm.) Vezda Fellhanera Vezda Arg.) (Müll. fuscatula Fellhanera Diorygma & Elix Staiger megasporum Kalb, A.Massal. Dyplolabia (Ach.) afzelii R. Sant. Arg.) pellicula (Müll. Echinoplaca Ach. Glyphis cicatricosa (Nyl.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix. Staiger Kalb, (Nyl.) Diorygma pachygraphum Norman * Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Fée Fée epiphylla Echinoplaca (Eschw.) Kalb, Staiger & Elix Staiger Kalb, Diorygma pruinosum (Eschw.) & Swanalatha & S.R. Singh) Kr.P.Singh (D.D.Awasthi Diorygma radiatum M. Nakan. & Kashiw. (Zahlbr.) *Diorygma soozanum Lumbsch (Ach.) * Diploschistes diacapsis Staiger (Ach.) Glyphis scyphulifera (Nyl.) Vain. (Nyl.) * Diploschistes caesioplumbeus Ach.)Vain. ex (Sw. * Diploschistes cinereorcaesius Table A1. Table

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Voucher Number Voucher 08-009421 (LWG) 5257 (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 5068 (BSA) 10035 (ASSAM) 469B (BSA) 823 (ASSAM) 40159 (ASSAM) 10696D (ASSAM) 5683 (ASSAM) 4640 (BSA) 2011 (ASSAM) 282C (BSA) 4872,4866 (BSA) 1116A (ASSAM) 10173 (BSA) 10164 (BSA) 10696D (ASSAM) 2136 (ASSAM) 5313, 5294 (BSA) 11038 (ASSAM) 516 (BSA) 4786 (ASSAM) 2611 (ASSAM) 55, 5305 (BSA) 448 (BSA) 10871 (ASSAM) 64 (BSA) 10084 (ASSAM) 5256 (ASSAM) 1897 (ASSAM) 5244 (BSA) 376A (BSA) 4277A (ASSAM) 4741 (BSA) 10690 (ASSAM) 551A/2 (BSA) 4835 (ASSAM) 4787 (BSA) Namsai Namsai

+ 2537 (ASSAM) Tirap Tirap

+ 659 (ASSAM) + 967 (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ +

Anjaw Anjaw Lohit Lohit

+ Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

Upper Siang Siang Upper

East Siang Siang East West Siang Siang West

+ + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + +

Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat C 1033–1170 C E ca. 202 C ca. 500m CC 1000–1575 300–400 CC 1350–1650 ca. 1095 CC–C ca. 300 1950–2050 C ca. 300 C 1700–1900 C 680–1601 CC ca. 500 ca. 1216 C 400–1184 C ca. 200 C 136–200 CC ca. 2250 200–300 C 300–600 C 220–229 CC ca. 500 500–1184 C 250–900 CC E ca. 900 ca. 400 C 250–300 CCC 390–400 ca. 500 1100–1500 C 300–440 C ca. 202 C 1184–1800 C ca. 202 C 2500–2750 C ca. 600 C ca. 160 C 300–400 CC E ca. 1550 750–900 C 550–1050 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Roccellaceae Family Graphidaceae

Continued. (Müll. Arg.) G. Thor G. Arg.) (Müll. byssiseda Graphidastra Species Pat. & C.R.Kulk Pat. ajarekarii Graphis (Eschw.) Eschw. Eschw. (Eschw.) anfractuosa Graphis Vain caesiella Graphis Stirt. capillacea Graphis A. Massal. chlorotica Graphis Aptroot cincta (Pers.) Graphis Müll. Arg. Müll. contortuplicata Graphis Vain. crebra Graphis & Elix Archer A.W. cycasicola Graphis (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer A.W. Archer) daintriensis (A.W. Graphis Graphis dimidiata Vain. Graphis Ach. duplicata Graphis Adaw. & Makhija filiformis Adaw. Graphis Müll. Arg. Müll. farinulenta Graphis Fée furcata Graphis (Zahlbr.) Lücking galactoderma (Zahlbr.) * Graphis Fée glaucescens Graphis Graphis handelii Zahlbr. Graphis Stirt. intermediella Graphis (Müll. Arg.) A.W. Archer & Lücking Archer A.W. Arg.) (Müll. japonica Graphis (Horik. kousyuensis & M. Nakan.)Graphis Lücking Müll. Arg. Arg. Müll. leptoclade Graphis C. Knight librata Graphis Graphis longiramea Müll. Arg. Müll. longiramea Graphis D.D.Awasthi & S.R. Singh D.D.Awasthi longispora Graphis Raddi marginata Graphis Graphis nanodes Vain. Graphis (Magn.) Staiger & Lücking (Magn.) Staiger nuda Graphis Zahlbr. oligospora Graphis Lizano & Lücking paraserpens Graphis Graphis parilis Kremp. Graphis Fée pavoniana Graphis (Kremp.) A.W. Archer A.W. pertricosaGraphis (Kremp.) Zahlbr. Zahlbr. pinicola Graphis Vain. proserpens Graphis Zahlbr. pyrrhocheiloides Graphis (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. Arg.) (Müll. renschiana Graphis Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Graphis Makhija sitapurensis Graphis & Adaw. Nyl. (Bel.) streblocarpa Graphis (Ach.) Spreng. striatula (Ach.) Graphis Table A1. Table

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3002 (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher 1900A (ASSAM) 608 (BSA) 5180 (ASSAM) 11830C (ASSAM) 504F (ASSAM) 9752 (ASSAM) 331 (ASSAM) 5286 (BSA) 298A (BSA) 394B (BSA) 4757 (BSA) 4901 (ASSAM) 06-006534 (LWG) 11225 (ASSAM) 4652 (BSA) 7139 (ASSAM) 10472 (ASSAM) 11292 (ASSAM) 4234 (BSA) 10091 (ASSAM) 583E (BSA) 12884C (ASSAM) 343E (BSA) 428C (BSA) 9872 (ASSAM) 11331 (ASSAM) 305A,385C (BSA) 9908 (ASSAM) 7836 (ASSAM) 10567, 10605 (ASSAM) 4921 (BSA) 4411,4389 (ASSAM) Pinokiyo et al . 2008 Pinokiyo 4212, 4095 (ASSAM) 388A (BSA) 4969 (BSA)

Namsai Namsai Tirap Tirap

+ 346 (ASSAM) + 9882,9875 (ASSAM) + 4773,4485 (ASSAM) + 715 (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + + + 12431B (ASSAM)

Anjaw Anjaw Lohit Lohit

+ + + +

Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Upper Siang Siang Upper East Siang Siang East

+ West Siang Siang West

+ + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range 160–229 Endemic status status Endemic

E ca. 1200 Habitat F 200–300 F ca. 325 F 300–400 S 1500–2300 CC 300–500 1625–1800 CC E 1550–1700 400–1500 C ca. 400 C E ca. 500 C 300–1600 CC ca. 2350 2500–2700 C E ca. 160 C 300–440 C E ca. 200 C E 1400–1250 C ca. 136 C E 250–300 CC ca. 1300 ca. 750 C 300–440 C 136–400 C 1200–1500 C ca. 1550 C ca. 2050 C ca.1575 CC ca. 1250 1250–1500 C 600–900 C ca. 1600 C ca. 1100 C 600–800 C–C ca. 200 CC 2500–2750 ca. 2125 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Graphidaceae Family

Haematommataceae C ca. 1600

Graphidaceae Physciaceae

Arthoniaceae

TrypetheliaceaeLecanoraceae C ca. 1200

Pilocarpaceae Hymeneliaceae C ca. 2400

(Pers.) Ach. albella (Pers.) Continued. Müll. Arg. subassimilis Müll. Graphis subserpentina Nyl.Graphis Species Ach. tenella Graphis & Makhija Adaw. valparaiensis Graphis Müll. Arg. vittata Müll. Graphis (Sw.) A. Massal. (Sw.) puniceum * Haematomma MakhijaHemithecium aphaneomicrosporum & A.Dube Hemithecium amboliense Makhija & A. Dube Müll. Arg. Arg. Müll. filicinum Gyalectidium (Stirt.) wattii Zahlbr. Haematomma sp.1 Haemmatoma (Malme) MarbachHafellia curatellae (Mont. & Bosch.)Hemithecium aphanes (Mont. M.Nakan. & Kashiw. Upreti & U. Dubey & U. Hemithecium isidiatum Upreti (Kr.P. Singh & G.P. Sinha) Adaw. & Makhija Sinha) Adaw. Singh & G.P. Hemithecium nagalandicum (Kr.P. (Patw. & C.R. Kulk.) Makhija & A.Dube (Patw. Hemithecium nakanishianum Hemithecium noristicticum Makhija & A.Dube * Herpothallon echinatum Aptroot *Herpothallon isidiatum Jagadeesh Ram & G.P.Sinha * Herpothallon cinereum G. Thor (Zahlbr.) G. Thor G. Herpothallon japonicum (Zahlbr.) (Vain.)Herpothallon & Lücking philippinum Aptroot (Vain.) R. Sant. phycophilum Lasioloma & Bosch.) (Mont. Zahlbr. meristospora Laurera Herpothallon sticticum Jagadeesh Ram & G.P.Sinha megasperma Riddle (Mont.) * Laurera Nyl. achroa Lecanora (Kremp.) R. Sant. (Kremp.) arachnoideum Lasioloma alba Lumbsch Lecanora Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni Lecanora aff. Lecanora Vain. concilianda Lecanora Lumbsch & Elix Lumbsch austointumescens Lecanora Lecanora fimbriatula Stirt. Lecanora Stizenb. Stizenb. helva Lecanora Lecanora hensenniae Vanska Lecanora impudens Degel. Lecanora Brodo imshaugii Lecanora Müll. Arg interjecta Müll. Lecanora Brodo perplexa Lecanora Vain. phaeocardia Lecanora Zahlbr. rugosella Lecanora Table A1. Table

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 15 Volume 11 | Number 6 | Article 1807 Singh et al. | Diversity and distribution of microlichens in Indian Himalaya Continued

522A (BSA) Voucher Number Voucher 449 (ASSAM) 10524 (ASSAM) 439B (BSA) 10112, 5069 (ASSAM) 359A (BSA) 10515, 10497 (ASSAM) 10310 (ASSAM) 11802F (ASSAM) 4971 (BSA) 2735 (ASSAM) 11838A (ASSAM) 10870 (ASSAM) 07–011897 (LWG) 10684 (ASSAM) 9023, 10623 (ASSAM) 11843B (ASSAM) 11416 (ASSAM) 11436 (ASSAM) 294A (BSA) 7830A (ASSAM) 4534, 5044 (ASSAM) 11772D (ASSAM) 4987 (BSA) 586A (BSA) 10738 (ASSAM) 493 (BSA) 11938 (ASSAM) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 12507 (ASSAM) 298B (BSA) 10607 (ASSAM) 9617 (ASSAM) 2834, 504 B (BSA) 4736 (ASSAM) 81723 (LWG) 4692 (BSA) 4960 (ASSAM) Namsai Namsai

+ 8691 (ASSAM) Tirap Tirap

+ 4886 (ASSAM) + 12802A (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + 11796B (ASSAM) + + + + Anjaw Anjaw

+ Lohit Lohit

+ Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ + + + + Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ East Siang Siang East

+ + West Siang Siang West

+ + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + + + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat F 200–850 F 200–650 S 1500–1550 S 600–800 F 200–800 F 200–800 F 500–800 F 230–500 F ca. 800 S ca. 2350 F 350–600 T ca. 1800 CC ca. 500 ca. 1600 CCC 600–800 ca. 2250 C ca. 2100 C 2306–2344 500–950 C 400–900 C ca. 500 C E 900 C ca. 200 C ca. 1600 C– CC 1500–1700 ca. 300 CC ca. 1550 200–300 C ca. 136 C ca. 340 + C E ca. 2350 C ca. 500 C 2360–2344 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Lecanoraceae Family

Megalosporaceae C 375–1600 Megalariaceae C ca. 1500 Lecideaceae Graphidaceae

Stereocaulaceae C ca. 1100

Letrouitiaceae C 150–900 Lecideaceae MycoblastaceaeArthopyreniaceae C C E 3200–3600 ca. 2344

Pyrenulaceae Graphidaceae Graphidaceae Malmideaceae C 500–700

Roccellaceae Ochrolechiaceae C – Fuscideaceae

Pilocarpaceae Roccellaceae (B. de Lesd.) J.R. Laundon J.R. de Lesd.) (B. casieoalba Continued. Lumbsch streimanii Lecanora subalbellina Vain. Lecanora Species Lecanora subimmersa Vain. (Fée) Lecanora Wang Y. & H. L. Lü subjaponica Lecanora Zahlbr. tropica Lecanora wilsonii Mull Arg. Lecanora 1 sp. Lecanora sp.1 Lecidea (Fée) Sipman (Fée) tuberosculosa Megalospora (Hepp. ex Th. Fr.) Hafellner Fr.) Th. ex (Hepp. Megalaria laureri (Ach.) Ach. lapicida (Ach.) Lecidea & Bosch) (Mont. Staiger exaltatum Leiorreuma tumidula (Stirt.)Mazosia Arg. Müll. (Sm.) Staiger lyellii Leiorreuma A. Massal. (Mont.) rotula Mazosia (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Nyl.) atrorubricans Megalospora Dubey, Upreti & Nayaka Upreti Dubey, subpatellulum Leiorreuma Lepraria aff. Lepraria Nyl. lobificans * Lepraria (Malme) Hafellner & Bellem (Malme) Hafellner transgressa Letrouitia Zahlbr. (Nyl.) phyllosema Mazosia (Zahlbr) D.D.Awasthi hunana Mycobilimbia Awasthi philippina (Vain.)Mycobilimbia D.D. Schauer. affinis (Schaer.) Mycoblastus Hawksw. D. (Nyl.) conothelena * Mycomicrothelia (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Arg.) Lithothelium decumbens (Müll. R. Sant. Arg.) melanophthalma (Müll. Mazosia Hale (Mont.) * Myriotrema microporum (Harm.)* Myriotrema rugiferum Hale & C.R. Kulk. Patw. (Nyl.) * Ocellularia allosporoides Ocellularia neopertusariiformis Hale (Ach.) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch Rivas Plata Kalb, (Ach.) Malmidea granifera (Nyl.) Aptroot Aptroot (Nyl.) * Lithothelium hyalosporum Vezda (R. Sant.) intermedia Loflammia Mazosia bambusae (Vain.)Mazosia R. Sant. & Papong Lumbsch & Coppins) (Homchantara Ocellularia subgranulosa * Ochrolechia harmandii Verseghy H. Magn. manipurensis Maronea Verseghy * Ochrolechia subpallescens (Mull. Arg.)Vezda Arg.)Vezda gabrielis (Mull. Loflammia (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot Arg.) Lithothelium obtectum (Müll. Opegrapha filicina Mont.Opegrapha Table A1. Table

Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 16 Volume 11 | Number 6 | Article 1807 Singh et al. | Diversity and distribution of microlichens in Indian Himalaya Continued

10635 (ASSAM) 9507 (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher 9904 AASSAM 620 (ASSAM) 9904B (ASSAM) 5042 (BSA) 465A (BSA) 4756 (BSA) 515 A(BSA) 5139 (BSA) 5139B (BSA) 7837 (BSA) 10352 (ASSAM) 11234 (ASSAM) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 1627 (ASSAM) 4053 (ASSAM) 06–006342 (LWG) 616B (BSA) 581D (BSA) 308 (ASSAM) 10581 (ASSAM) 5182 (BSA) 009294 (LWG) 11801C (ASSAM) 11799A (ASSAM) 11811 D (ASSAM) 11823 (ASSAM) 1900B (ASSAM) 11558A (ASSAM) 2481C (ASSAM) 11707B (ASSAM) 12968F (ASSAM) 504E (BSA) 460, 464 (BSA) 145 (ASSAM) 13293B (ASSAM) 11820A (ASSAM) 552B (BSA) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al.

Namsai Namsai Tirap Tirap

+ 925 (BSA) + 753 (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + + + + + +

Anjaw Anjaw

Lohit Lohit Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ + Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ + East Siang Siang East

+ West Siang Siang West

+ + + + + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + + +

East Kameng Kameng East West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat S E ca. 400 F 500–800 F 200–1550 F 200–800 F 950–1150 F 200–1300 F 200–1300 F ca. 500 F 200–800 CC ca. 500 E 1250–1500 CC ca. 900 1250–1500 C ca. 800 CC E 1100–1300 ca. 1360 C ca. 2123 C ca. 2123 C 1800–3200 C ca. 1200 CC ca. 750 200–300 C 2600–2750 CC 300–600 ca. 500 CC E 1500–1550 CC 1500–1700 300–800 ca. 202 CCE– E 750–1500 C 1625–1800 C ca. 900 C ca. 300 CC E 400–500 300–400 C 300–800 C–C E 1100–1200 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Roccellaceae OphioparmaceaeGraphidaceae C 3000–3470 + + Family

Pertusariaceae C ca. 1601

Graphidaceae

Phlyctidaceae

Phyllobatheliaceae F E 200–300

Graphidaceae

Porinaceae Continued. (Ach.) Ach. vulgata (Ach.) * Opegrapha (L.) Norman Ophioparma ventosa Khadilkar & P. bengalense B.O.Sharma * Pallidogramme Species (Mont.) Staiger, Kalb & Lücking chrysenteron Staiger, (Mont.) Pallidogramme sp. 1 sp. Pallidogramme * Pertusaria alpina Hepp. Müll. Arg. Müll. * Pertusaria ceylonica (Ach.) Nyl. (Ach.) Pertusaria coccodes & Srivastava Awasthi * Pertusaria colorata Pertusaria Zahlbr. composita Nyl. Nyl. Pertusaria leucosorodes Preeti Srivast. & D.D. Awasthi Awasthi & D.D. Srivast. Preeti Pertusaria indica Pertusaria multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl. (L.) Tuck. Tuck. *Pertusaria pertusa (L.) Pertusaria submultipuncta Nyl. (Fée) Nyl. Pertusaria (Fée) quassiae Pertusaria sp.1 (Leight.) A.W. Archer A.W. (Leight.) caesioradians Phaeographis Arg. Müll. (Leight.) dendroides Phaeographis Räsänen divaricoides Phaeographis Staiger (Nyl.) intricans Phaeographis Staiger (Ach.) scalpturata Phaeographis & Nagarkar) Sipman & Aptroot Patw. indica Phaeographopsis S. Joshi & Upreti subhimalayensis Phylctis S. Joshi & Upreti karnatakana * Phylctis G.P. Sinha & Kr. P. Singh P. Sinha & Kr. indicum G.P. Phyllobathelium Arg. Müll. fulvella Porina (Fée) Fée (Fée) caesiopruinosa Platygramme (Fée) Fée Fée (Fée) epiphylla Porina (Nyl.) Staiger (Nyl.) discurrens Platygramme (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill. Schill. F. Arg.) (Müll. cupreola Porina (A.W. Archer) Staiger Archer) (A.W. muelleri *Platygramme Arg. Müll. atrocoerulea Porina & Patw. Makhija, atroperiostiola Porina Adaw. Arg. Müll. (Nyl.) belanospora Porina R. Sant. conica Porina (Mont. & Bosch) (Mont. M. Nakan. pudica & Kashiw *Platygramme Porina articeps Porina (Vain.) Vain. Pliariona montagnei (Bosch) A. Massal. Pliariona Makhija andamanica & al. Porina Vain. applanata Vain. Porina (Kremp.) Overeem Overeem (Kremp.) albicera Porina Table A1. Table

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505B (BSA) 4453 (ASSAM) 10521, 8031 (ASSAM) 4691 (BSA) 10795 (ASSAM) 5547 (ASSAM) 3040 (ASSAM) 1117 (ASSAM) 4689 (BSA) 4783 (ASSAM) 10729 (ASSAM) 4210 (ASSAM) 630A (ASSAM) 4209 (ASSAM) 615A (BSA), 1998 (LWG) Upreti 13276G (ASSAM) 1146 (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher 9838 (ASSAM) 11856A (ASSAM) 4205 (ASSAM) 10788 (ASSAM) 10080 (ASSAM) 4014,4039 (ASSAM) 10820 (ASSAM) 9936 (ASSAM) 31 (BSA) 1145 (ASSAM) 10490 (ASSAM) 10384 (ASSAM) 10541 (ASSAM) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 102A (BSA) 11219 (ASSAM)

Namsai Namsai

Tirap Tirap Changlang Changlang

+ + 11829B (ASSAM) + + 11802B (ASSAM) + + 11799B (ASSAM) + + 11812B (ASSAM) + + 11816B (ASSAM) + + 11795B (ASSAM) + + ++ 11816A (ASSAM) + 11811C (ASSAM) + + 11557A (ASSAM)

Anjaw Anjaw Lohit Lohit

+ Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + ++ + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ +

East Siang Siang East West Siang Siang West

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

650–1500 Altitudinal (m) range –

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat F 200–800 S ca. 1100 F 200–800 S 950–1150 F 200–1550 F 200–800 FF 1200 200–800 S ca. 500 FF 200–800 F 200–800 200–1100 F 200–1150 F 200–300 S ca. 900 C ca. 136 CC 1500–1700 400–500 C ca. 930 C ca. 136 C ca. 136 C– CC 600–800 ca. 1500 C ca. 400 C E 300–400 C 300–400 C E 1100–1200 CC ca. 650 ca. 500 C ca. 600 CCC 100–1500 ca. 1000 ca. 400 CC ca. 400 ca. 400 C ca. 1216 CC ca. 500 100–1400 CF " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "

Trypetheliaceae C ca. 400

Lecideaceae Pyrenulaceae

Porinaceae Family

Continued. Müll. Arg. Müll. subnudata * Pseudopyrenula (Fée) Müll. Arg. Müll. diluta (Fée) Pseudopyrenula (DC.) Hertel & Knoph macrocarpa * Porpidia (Wulfen) albocoerulescens Hertel* Porpidia & Knoph Fée (Fée) Pyrenula aggregata Pyrenula anomla Vain. (Ach.) sp. 2 sp. Porina Arg. Müll. (Kremp.) virescens Porina Ach. Pyrenula (Ach.) aspistea sp. 1 sp. Porina R.C. Harris Pyrenula balia (Kremp.) R. Sant. trichothelioides R. Sant. Porina Aptroot Arg.) (Müll. Pyrenula breutelii (Kremp.) Vain. rufula Vain. Porina (Kremp.) Upreti subhibernica Porina Arg. Müll. (Nyl.) subinterstes Porina Arg. Müll. (Afz.) tetracerae Porina Vain. tijucana Porina Pyrenula brunnea Fée Müll. Arg. Arg. nitidula Müll. Porina Makhija & al. glaucoflava * Porina limbulata Vain. Porina (Kremp.) napensis Lücking Porina Arg. Müll. (Eschw.) Pyrenula castanea Species Porina halei Makhija* Porina & al. Arg. Müll. innata (Nyl.) Porina Müll. (Nyl.) internigrans Porina Makhija & al. karnatakensis Porina Arg. Müll. (Nyl.) mastoidella Porina Schill. F. (Kremp.) monocarpa Porina Pyrenula complanata Trevis. (Mont.) Aptroot. (Nyl.) Pyrenula duplicans Arg. Müll. (Kremp.) Pyrenula fetivica R. Sant. lucida R. Sant. Porina F. Schill. F. kameruensis Porina Müll. Arg. Arg. imitatrix Müll. Porina Aptroot (Eschw.) Pyrenula globifera Pyrenula immissa (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (Nyl.) Zahlbr. PyrenulaZahlbr. (Nyl.) interducta Pyrenula leucotrypa Upreti (Nyl.) Vain. Vain. Pyrenula maravalensis Pyrenula minarum Vain. Table A1. Table

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3054 (ASSAM) 615C (BSA) 9762 (ASSAM) 10490 (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher 87C (BSA) 5060 (BSA) 10744 (ASSAM) 81724 (LWG) 20150A (LWG) 587C (BSA) 9316 (ASSAM) 10495, 10507 (ASSAM) 5038 (BSA) 10549 (ASSAM) 334 (BSA) 2008 et al. Pinokiyo 11441 (ASSAM) 9524 (ASSAM) 591E (ASSAM) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 547F (BSA) 10512 (ASSAM) 7829, 7747 (ASSAM) 10090 (ASSAM) 12336C (ASSAM) 12930A (ASSAM) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 12630B (ASSAM) 12883C (ASSAM) Dubey et al. 2007 Dubey et al. 10757 (ASSAM) 12883P (ASSAM) 11833 (ASSAM) 12931 (ASSAM) 11798A (ASSAM) 2858 (BSA)

Namsai Namsai Tirap Tirap

+ 9616 (ASSAM) + 323 (ASSAM) + 969, 11117 (ASSAM) + 12818C (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + + 11760A (ASSAM) + +

Anjaw Anjaw Lohit Lohit

+ + + 761, 977 (ASSAM) + Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ East Siang Siang East

+ West Siang Siang West

+ + + + + + + + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + + + West Kameng Kameng West

+ + + + + + +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat F 750–1150 SS 1704–1900 1800–2400 FF ca. 500 F ca. 325 ca. 800 F 325–850 F 200–500 S 3000–3470 + F E 300–400 F 200–1300 F 200–300 F 230–850 CC E ca. 1000 CC 1500–1550 C ca. 1600 600–800 1550–1700 C ca. 1575 CC ca. 1000 ca. 300 C 1500–1850 CE–C 1500–1700 CC E 600–800 ca. 340 + C ca. 1645 C 600–800 C– C ca. 500 C– C ca. 500 CC E ca. 1550 600–800 CC E 300–600 250–600 C– C– C 400–900 C E 500–700 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Pyrenulaceae Family

Pyrenulaceae

Lecanoraceae

Graphidaceae Graphidaceae Physciaceae

Rhizocarpaceae S 3200–3650

Strigulaceae

Verrucariaceae S ca. 1000

Pilocarpaceae Continued. Ajay Singh & Upreti Singh & Upreti Pyrenula oculata Ajay Aptroot (Nyl.) Pyrenula papillifera Aptroot Pyrenula platystomaArg.) (Müll. Pyrenula punctella Trevis. (Nyl.) Fée Pyrenula quassiaecola Species (Tuck.)Pyrenula subelliptica R.C. Harris (Patw. & Makhija) Upreti Pyrenula sublaevigata (Patw. Aptroot Pyrenula thailandica Upreti & Ajay Singh & Ajay Upreti Pyrenula zeylanica 1 Pyrenula sp. Pyrgillus Nyl. cubanus (Mont. & Bosch.) (Mont. Nyl. Pyrgillus javanicus Singh & Pushpi Singh Singh & Pushpi Pyrgillus tibellii Kr.P. (Ach.) Lumbsch & Elix Lumbsch russula (Ach.) *Ramboldia *Rhabdodiscus asiaticus (Vain.) Lücking & Lumbsch Rivas Plata, * Rhabdodiscus auberianus Vain. (Nyl.) A. Massal. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) 1 Rinodina sp. Zahlbr. (Mont.) heteroclita Sarcographa (Kremp.) Malme Rinodina intrusa (Kremp.) RäsänenRinodina mackenziei (Nyl.) Kr.P. Singh & G.P. Sinha Singh & G.P. Kr.P. glyphiza (Nyl.) Sarcographa (Müll. Arg.) Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lumbsch Rivas Plata, Arg.) (Müll. Rhabdodiscus crassus Singh P. Singh & Kr. Rhabdodiscus indicus Pushpi (L.) DC. geographicum * Rhizocarpon 1 sp. Rhizocarpon Arg. Müll. (Ach.) labyrinthica Sarcographa (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. Müll. medusulina (Nyl.) Sarcographa (Cook & Masse) R. Sant. Strigula maculata (Cook (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Nyl.) subtorquescens Sarcographa R. Sant. Strigula melanobapha (Kremp.) R.C. Harris R. Sant.) ex Merr. Strigula multipunctata (G. (Müll. Arg.) Lücking Arg.) (Müll. Strigula janeirensis (Ach.) Müll. Arg. Müll. (Ach.) tricosa Sarcographa Arg. Müll. Strigula antillarum (Fée) R. Sant. (Fée) Strigula concreta Kr.P.Singh & Swarnalatha Schistophoron indicum Kr.P.Singh & Pinokiyo Kr.P.Singh Sporopodium awasthianum Zahlbr. Arg.) (Müll. Sporopodium xantholeucum Fr. Th. clopima (Wahlenb.) Staurothela (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. Zahlbr. Arg.) (Müll. Sporopodium argillaceum (Mont.) A. Massal. A. Massal. Sporopodium (Mont.) phyllocharis Table A1. Table

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11747B (ASSAM) 12883 (ASSAM) 12961F (ASSAM) 520 (ASSAM) 11886B (ASSAM) 11786 (ASSAM) 12623F (ASSAM) 13085C (ASSAM) 2007 Dubey et al. 12635D (ASSAM) 11770A (ASSAM) 10092 (ASSAM) 4930 (ASSAM) 12322 (ASSAM) 12307 (ASSAM) 4276 (ASSAM) 7139, 10797 (ASSAM) 4861 (ASSAM) 7829 (ASSAM) 12984F (ASSAM) 11970A (ASSAM) 2871 (ASSAM) 2007 Dubey et al. 77A (ASSAM) Voucher Number Voucher

Namsai Namsai Tirap Tirap

+ 1141 (ASSAM) + 965 (ASSAM) + 11780E (ASSAM) Changlang Changlang

+ + + + + + + + + + + 11810G (ASSAM)

Anjaw Anjaw Lohit Lohit

+ + Dibang Valley Valley Dibang

+ + + Lower Dibang Valley Valley Dibang Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Upper Siang Siang Upper

+ + +

East Siang Siang East West Siang Siang West

+ + + + + + + + + Upper Subansiri Subansiri Upper

Distribution in districts + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lower Subunsiri Subunsiri Lower

+ + + + + + + + + + + East Kameng Kameng East

+ + West Kameng Kameng West

+ +

Tawang Tawang Papampure Papampure

Altitudinal (m) range

Endemic status status Endemic Habitat FF ca. 325 950–1150 F 200–1550 F 500–1300 FF ca. 800 700– 1500 F 500–1300 F 500–1300 F 200–800 F 235–800 FF 200–800 500–1300 FF 200–300 200–800 F ca. 800 S 2306–2344 F 500–1300 S ca. 1000 C E ca. 400 C 400–500 C E ca. 800 C 300–440 CC E 400–900 300–440 C ca. 1300 C E 400–500 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "

Graphidaceae Trypetheliaceae C E –

Porinaceae

Pilocarpaceae

Arthoniaceae

Verrucariaceae S –

Strigulaceae Family Continued. (Fée) R. Sant. R. Sant. nana (Fée) Tapellaria R. Sant. Arg.) (Müll. nigrata Tapellaria Sinha Singh & G.P. Kr.P. & Upreti) Awasthi (D.D. austroindica *Thecaria Fée quassiicola Thecaria albopruinosum Makhija & Patw. Trypethelium (Henriq.) R. Sant. R. Sant. molleri (Henriq.) Tapellaria R. Sant. vainioi Tricharia Arg. Müll. epiphyllum Trichothelium Makhija dichroum & Patw. Trypethelium D. Hawksw. D. santessonii Tricharia Spreng. Spreng. eluteriae Trypethelium R. Sant. bilimbioides R. Sant. Tapellaria R. Sant. Arg.) (Müll. epiphylla Tapellaria Müll. Arg. Müll. inamoenum Trypethelium Arg. Müll. (Ach.) tropicum Trypethelium (Fée) Müll. Arg. Arg. Müll. Strigula subtilissima (Fée) Vain. Strigula subelegans Vain. Nyl. moderatum * Tylophoron nidulans Strit. * Tylophoron Arnold transiliens Verrucaria (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris Arg.) (Müll. Strigula phyllogena Fr.Strigula smaragdula Verrucaria aethiobola Wahlb. Verrucaria (Ramond) coerulea DC. Verrucaria Mont. Strigula nitidula Mont. Strigula orbicularis Fr. Mont. nemathora f. Mont. Strigula nemathora (Nyl.) Lücking (Nyl.) hypothelia f. Mont. Strigula nemathora Species Table A1. Table

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