Katherine Conrad Doss a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The
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LOUISIANA ROMP: EXAMINING THE PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL CAJUN MUSIC WITHIN A CONTEMPORARY SETTING Katherine Conrad Doss A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of the Arts in the Curriculum in Folklore. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: William R. Ferris James L. Peacock Patricia E. Sawin 2008 Katherine Conrad Doss ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT KATHERINE CONRAD DOSS: Louisiana Romp: Examining the Performance of Traditional Cajun Music Within a Contemporary Setting (Under the direction of William R. Ferris) The Lost Bayou Ramblers, a young Cajun band based in South Louisiana, infuse energy and vivacity into the traditional creative expression of Cajun music, as they travel to share their sound and thus their culture with the world. I suggest that the Ramblers, in the face of globalization, are purposefully engaged in protecting and enhancing their culture by performing this roots music far and near. They offer a compelling performance and thus transport, produce, and extend their culture through music, which serves as a powerful symbol, drawing each audience into participation of it. Through a focus on the specific dynamic between culture, its music, and the performance techniques of these particular cultural practitioners, I examine how music acts as an agent of cultural understanding while simultaneously transforming the place and culture that produced it. iii DEDICATION To the members of the Lost Bayou Ramblers, whose inimitable talent and vision captured me and countless others, drawing us into their world. Their willingness to extend their friendship and share their stories, insights, sense of humor, dance tips and van space is deeply appreciated. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1 Research Questions: Cultural Routes, Symbol, Space and Place.............................................3 Methodology.................................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER ONE: Place................................................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER TWO: Performance .................................................................................................. 30 Austin, Texas................................................................................................................................. 30 Lowell, Massachusetts.................................................................................................................. 47 Lafayette, Louisiana...................................................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER THREE: Participation............................................................................................ 74 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 107 v LIST OF FIGURES Bayou Teche............................................................................................................................................1 Louis Michot at The National Folk Festival in Richmond, VA ....................................................4 Chris Courville at his home in Lafayette, LA ....................................................................................7 Driving near Arnaudville, LA with Louis and Ashlee Michot..................................................... 11 Guitars destroyed by Hurricane Katrina that became decorations in New Orleans, LA ....... 11 Spanish Moss Lafayette, LA .............................................................................................................. 16 Crawfish Boil at the Michot’s with Chris and Rose Courville..................................................... 18 Matthew Doucet and Louis Michot at The Lowell Folk Festival ............................................... 22 The Lost Bayou Ramblers at The Lowell Folk Festival................................................................ 24 Andre Michot at his home in Broussard, LA ................................................................................. 25 On the road with the Lost Bayou Ramblers................................................................................... 26 Louis and Ashlee Michot at their home in Arnaudville, LA........................................................ 27 The Lost Bayou Ramblers at The Continental Club in Austin, TX ........................................... 30 Matthew Doucet and Louis Michot at The Lowell Folk Festival .............................................. 47 The interior of Louis and Ashlee Michot's home.......................................................................... 65 Louis Michot at The National Folk Festival in Richmond, VA.................................................. 74 Andre Michot with David Michot on T-Fer at The Lowell Folk Festival................................. 76 Chris Courville, Cavan Carruth, Alan Lafleur and Ryan Brasseauc at The Lowell Folk Festival................................................................................................................................................... 80 Dancers at The Lowell Folk Festival ............................................................................................... 82 Alan Lafleur at Mello Joy Coffee in Lafayette, LA........................................................................ 84 Louis Michot at The Lowell Folk Festival ...................................................................................... 85 vi Louis and Andre Michot at The National Folk Festival in Richmond, VA.............................. 89 Cavan Carruth at The Lowell Folk Festival.................................................................................... 96 The Lost Bayou Ramblers at The National Folk Festival in Richmond, VA ........................... 97 A cane field in Southwest Louisiana .............................................................................................. 104 All photographs ©Katherine Doss vii INTRODUCTION Feelings are bound up in place, and in art, from time to time, place undoubtedly works upon genius. - Eudora Welty1 Louis steps away from the microphone and looks to his left - to the other members of the band. He calls out the song, “Bayou Perdu,” and they move to the ready. Louis turns back to address the audience and announces, “We’re going do the title track off of our last album, a little something called ‘Bayou Perdu.’ And since we are the Lost Bayou Ramblers, that’s our theme. It’s our theme track because it’s ‘Bayou Perdu,’ which means ‘Lost Bayou’. We are not lost. It’s the bayou that is lost.”2 This performance disclaimer provides a little humor to kick off their first show at the Lowell Folk Festival held in Lowell, Massachusetts this past July. Consider their ages: late twenties to early thirties, an age range often associated with being lost. Consider their 1 Eudora Welty, On Writing (The Modern Library, New York 1942) 47. 2 Louis Michot. Performance, The Lowell Folk Festival, Lowell, July 27, 2007. immediate location: Massachusetts, hundreds of miles away from any bayou and their Louisiana home and a place vastly different from their culture. Finally, consider their home terrain and the bayous of which he speaks: rapidly disappearing and threatened with catastrophic loss by the forces of nature and human intervention. No, they are not really lost, they are simply upholding the second half of their name, the Ramblers. On this day they find themselves on stage in Lowell as representatives of the roots music known as Cajun. Louis Michot, Andre Michot, Chris “Oscar” Courville, Cavan Carruth, and Alan Lafleur are the newest generation of Cajun musicians who have become expert at traveling to share their sound, and thus their culture, with those both at home and abroad. The Lost Bayou Ramblers play traditional Cajun music, drawing from scores of songs amassed over time. The songs are generally learned and passed down through means of performance, not by reading music on a page. This oral transmission elicits more of a sense of direct connection to the heritage out of which they come, and to the music’s passion for that heritage. According to their friend and fellow musician, Matthew Doucet, whose father is the renowned Cajun musician, Michael Doucet of the band, Beausoleil, “I don’t think you can play this kind of music off of a page. You might be able to play all the notes correctly and it will be the song and the song will be correct, but the feeling of the heart will be missing.”3 As part of the negotiation that comes from living in the contemporary world while serving as tradition-bearers, their sound infuses this traditional material with their distinctive personalities and energizing antics. They represent and enliven both aspects of their band name, fusing the duality of being from a specific location, with an identity based on being self-described wanderers of the globe. When we think of Cajun country,