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Studia Nad Truso Truso Studies 1 SKANDYNAWSKIE AMULETY Z TRUSO: OZNAKI WIERZEŃ W EMPORIUM EPOKI WIKINGÓW 1 Studia nad Truso Truso Studies • Redakcja / Edited by Mateusz Bogucki, Marek F. Jagodziński TOMTom III I SKANDYNAWSKIE AMULETY Z TRUSO: OZNAKI WIERZEŃ W EMPORIUM EPOKI WIKINGÓW 3 MIĘDZY JUTLANDIĄ A SAMBIĄ Truso w kontekście badań południowo-zachodniej strefy basenu Morza Bałtyckiego w okresie wikińskim Between Jutland and Sambia Truso in the context of research in the south-west zone of the Baltic Sea basin in the Viking age Redakcja / Edited by Marek Franciszek Jagodziński TOM III:2 VOL. III:2 Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historyczne w Elblągu Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg ELBLĄG 2017 4 LESZEK GARDEŁA Studia nad Truso / Truso Studies Redakcja /Edited by Mateusz Bogucki, Marek F. Jagodziński Tom III:2 Między Jutlandią a Sambią. Truso w kontekście badań południowo-zachodniej strefy basenu Morza Bałtyckiego w okresie wikińskim Vol. III:2 Between Jutland and Sambia Truso in the context of research in the south-west zone of the Baltic Sea basin in the Viking age ~ Redakcja / Edited by Marek F. Jagodziński Dofinansowano ze środków Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego Co-founded the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage Instytucja Kultury Miasta Elbląga Cultural Institution of the town of Elbląg Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historyczne w Elblągu Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg © Autorzy i Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historyczne w Elblągu Kierownik projektu / Project Menager: Marek F. Jagodziński Tłumaczenie / Translation: Dominika Ciechanowicz, Andrzej Estal Ilustracje / Illustrations: M. Gawryluk, L. Okoński, A. Szwemiński, Autorzy / Authors, Cyfrowe opracowanie planów, rysunków i planigrafii / Digital presentation of plans, figures and planigraphy: Stanisław Czuba Projekt graficzny i typograficzny serii: Diana Gawronkiewicz / Podpunkt Projekt okładki / Cover design: Adam Czuba Skład i łamanie: Robert Korsak Recenzenci/Reviewers: dr hab. Władysław Duczko prof. Akademii Humanistycznej im. Aleksandra Gieysztora w Pułtusku Prof. dr hab. Przemysław Urbańczyk Wydawca/Publisher: Muzeum Archeologiczno-Historyczne w Elblągu Bulwar Zygmunta Augusta 11 82-300 Elbląg Druk i oprawa: Drukarnia Dimograf Sp. z o.o. Nakład: 500 egz. Wydanie 1 ISBN: 978-83-945917-2-4 Patronat medialny: / Media patronage: SKANDYNAWSKIE AMULETY Z TRUSO: OZNAKI WIERZEŃ W EMPORIUM EPOKI WIKINGÓW 5 Spis treści Przedmowa / Preface / 5 Marek Franciszek Jagodziński JANÓW POMORSKI/TRUSO 34 LATA BADAŃ I STUDIÓW NAD WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNYM EMPORIUM / 9 Janów Pomorski/Truso – 34 years of research and study of the Early Medieval emporium WIKIŃSKA GLOBALIZACJA I TRUSO / 47 Truso and Globalization accomplished by the Vikings Sebastian Brather JANÓW I WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNA URBANIZACJA W BASENIE MORZA BAŁTYCKIEGO / 49 Janów and Early Medieval urbanisation around the Baltic Sea Heiko Steuer TRUSO JAKO CENTRALNY PUNKT GEOGRAFICZNY POMIĘDZY ANGLIĄ A WOŁGĄ GLOBALIZACJA GOSPODARKI OPARTEJ NA WAŻONYM SREBRZE / 73 Truso in the geographic middle between England and the River Volga The globalization of the weight-based silver economy. Mateusz Bogucki PRUSKIE, SKANDYNAWSKIE CZY SŁOWIAŃSKIE? UWAGI O PRZYNALEŻNOŚCI ETNICZNEJ MIESZKAŃCÓW EMPORIUM TRUSO / 105 Prussian, Scandinavian or Slavic? Observations on the ethnic identity of the inhabitats of Truso emporium Jakub Jagodziński WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNE MIEJSCA CENTRALNE – WIKIŃSKA GLOBALIZACJA? / 137 Early Medieval ports of trade - globalization accomplished by the Vikings? Leszek Gardeła SKANDYNAWSKIE AMULETY Z TRUSO: OZNAKI WIERZEŃ W EMPORIUM EPOKI WIKINGÓW / 159 Scandinavian Amulets in Truso: Signals of Belief in a Viking Age Emporium MIĘDZY JUTLANDIĄ A SAMBIĄ /191 Between Jutland and Sambia Morten Søvsø RIBE W JUTLANDII – OD EMPORIUM NAD MORZEM PÓŁNOCNYM DO SIEDZIBY BISKUPSTWA / 193 Ribe in Jutland – from North Sea Emporium to Bishop Town 6 LESZEK GARDEŁA Fred Ruchhöft ARKONA – ŚWIĘTE MIEJSCE W CENTRUM ZACHODNIEGO BAŁTYKU / 231 Arkona – The Holy Place at the Centre of the Western Baltic Sea Hauke Jöns, Martina Karle, Anna Kowalska, Sebastian Messal NAJNOWSZE BADANIA WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH MIEJSC HANDLOWYCH W REGIONIE ZACHODNIEGO BAŁTYKU. BADANIA W GROS STRÖMKENDORF, ROSTOCK-DIERKOW, RALSWIEKU I BARDACH / 249 Recent research on Early Medieval trading centres in the western Baltic Region. The case studies of Groß Strömkendorf, Rostock-Dierkow, Ralswiek and Bardy Vladimir I. Kulakov FENOMEN ZACHODNICH BAŁTÓW W OKRESIE WIKIŃSKIM / 285 The phenomenon of the Western Balts in the Viking Age JAKIM SPOSOBEM TAK LICZNE PRZEDMIOTY RZYMSKIE Z I-III WIEKU TRAFIŁY DO ŚWIATA WIKINGÓW Z VIII-X WIEKU ? 7 PRZEDMOWA PREFACE Tom III:2 Studiów nad Truso otwiera nową pod Volume III: 2 Studia nad Truso opens up a new domain względem zakresu opracowań domenę, gdzie prezen- in terms of range of studies, where the issues of settlement towana będzie problematyka osadnictwa południowo- in the south-west zone of the Baltic Sea basin in the Viking -zachodniej strefy basenu Morza Bałtyckiego w okresie Age (8th – early 11th century) will be presented. The areas wikińskim (VIII - początek XI wieku). Tereny położone situated between Jutland and Sambia were culturally and między Jutlandią a Sambią, były w tym czasie bardzo ethnically diversified at the time. The main topic of this zróżnicowane pod względem kulturowym i etnicznym. Zachodzące na tym obszarze procesy, związane z po- publication will revolve around processes which took place wstaniem nadbałtyckiej strefy gospodarczej oraz udział in this area: they were connected with the creation of the poszczególnych regionów w jej funkcjonowaniu, będzie Baltic economic zone and the participation of separate re- głównym tematem tego nurtu publikacji. Szczególne gions in its functioning. We will pay special attention to the miejsce będzie tu zajmować problematyka związana z appearance of crafts-and-trade settlements and harbour pojawieniem się osad rzemieślniczo-handlowych i por- settlements (Port of Trade; Seehandelsplatze). They were towych (Port of Trade; Seehandelsplatze). Powstawały established in Jutland, Mecklenburg, Hither Pomerania, one zarówno w Jutlandii, Meklemburgii, na Pomorzu Western Pomerania and Pomeralia, as well as Sambia. The Przednim, Pomorzu Zachodnim i Nadwiślańskim, a significance of these centres in social and economic de- także na Sambii. Znaczenie tych ośrodków w rozwoju velopment of the Early Medieval communities will make społeczno-gospodarczym wczesnośredniowiecznych społeczności, umożliwi pokazanie w nowym świetle it possible for us to present in a new light the history of historii Europy Środkowej, w okresie poprzedzającym Central Europe in the period before the early-feudal states powstanie państw wczesnofeudalnych. W takim ujęciu were established. Research papers on Truso will also be prezentowane też będą opracowania dotyczące Truso presented from such angle (see: articles in this volume). As (por. artykuły w tym tomie). Tym samym, wyniki ba- a result, the results of research in the Truso settlement will dań osady Truso, jako istotne zagadnienie, wprowa- be fully introduced to the European scientific discussion dzone zostaną w pełniejszym zakresie, do europejskiej on the Viking Age. dyskusji naukowej o okresie wikińskim. Truso is currently one of the archaeologically better Truso jest obecnie jednym z lepiej rozpoznanych examined early-Medieval crafts-and-trade centres. On the archeologicznie wczesnośredniowiecznych ośrodków basis of the accomplished research results, we can address rzemieślniczo-handlowych. Na podstawie osiągniętych rezultatów badań, można odnieść się do niemal wszyst- almost every aspect of this emporium’s activity and sig- kich aspektów działalności i znaczenia tego emporium nificance in the Viking Age Europe. Still, we can notice a w Europie okresu wikińskiego. Wciąż jednak, wyraźnie certain marginalization of the Vistula river estuary region odczuwalna jest pewna marginalizacja rejonu ujścia and the Truso port of trade that functioned here. Presenta- Wisły i funkcjonującego tu portu handlowego Truso. tion of the results of the research in the Janόw Pomorski/ Prezentacja wyników badań osady w Janowie Pomor- Truso settlement in a broader context will also enable em- skim/Truso na szerszym tle, umożliwi właściwe poka- phasizing its supra-regional character. It will also explain zanie jej ponadregionalnego znaczenia. Przybliży też the Scandinavian presence in the Vistula river estuary and wyjaśnienie kwestii obecności skandynawskiej w rejo- demonstrate the character and significance of the hinter- nie ujścia Wisły, pokaże ponadto charakter oraz znacze- land of this settlement, which was established on the Bal- nie zaplecza tego ośrodka, który powstał na pograniczu osadnictwa bałtyjskiego i słowiańskiego. tic-Slavic borderline. Marek F. Jagodziński Marek F. Jagodziński 8 MAREK FRANCISZEK JAGODZIŃSKI 190 LESZEK GARDEŁA SKANDYNAWSKIE AMULETY Z TRUSO: OZNAKI WIERZEŃ W EMPORIUM EPOKI WIKINGÓW 191 Między Jutlandią a Sambią Between Jutland and Sambia RIBE W JUTLANDII – OD EMPORIUM NAD MORZEM PÓŁNOCNYM DO SIEDZIBY BISKUPSTWA 193 Morten Søvsø, Sydvestjyske Museer Ribe w Jutlandii – od emporium nad Morzem Północnym do siedziby biskupstwa Ribe in Jutland – from North Sea Emporium to Bishop Town MIĘDZY JUTLANDIĄ A SAMBIĄ TRUSO W KONTEKSCIE BADAŃ POŁUDNIOWO-ZACHODNIEJ STREFY BASENU MORZA BAŁTYCKIEGO W OKRESIE WIKIŃSKIM TOM III:2 S. 193-230 RED. MAREK FRANCISZEK JAGODZIŃSKI 194 MORTEN SØVSØ, SYDVESTJYSKE MUSEER STRESZCZENIE ABSTRACT Początki miasta Ribe sięgają ok. 700 r. n.e., kiedy na The town
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