World Migration Report 2005
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The International Possibilities of Insurgency and Statehood in Africa: the U.P.C
The International Possibilities of Insurgency and Statehood in Africa: The U.P.C. and Cameroon, 1948-1971. A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2013 Thomas Sharp School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 3 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 5 DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... 6 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT .................................................................................................. 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 9 The U.P.C.: Historical Context and Historiography ......................................................... 13 A Fundamental Function of African Statehood ................................................................. 24 Methodology and Sources: A Transnational Approach ..................................................... 32 Structure of the Thesis ....................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER ONE: METROPOLITAN -
3. Is There a Human Right to Tobacco Control? Andreas Schmidt1
3. Is there a human right to tobacco control? Andreas Schmidt1 1. INTRODUCTION Smokers lose around ten years in life expectancy and one in two smokers die of smoking-related conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and cardiovascular conditions.2 As mentioned in the Introduction to this book, the magnitude of tobacco as a public health problem is staggering. If human rights are meant to protect fundamental human interests – and life and health clearly rank among them – we might conclude that individuals should have a human right to be covered by tobacco control, given that tobacco threatens the health and lives of so many people. However, legally and philo- sophically, human rights are in a category of their own. To claim that it would be good if fewer people smoked is one thing. To say that national sovereignty should be restricted by human rights law to enforce tobacco control is quite another. In this chapter, I argue that tobacco control should be covered by human rights law and defend this idea against philosophical objections. In Section 2, I draw on Allen Buchanan’s theory of human rights and existing legal research to make the case for a right to tobacco control. In Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6, I com- plete this defence by addressing philosophical objections one might raise to a human right to tobacco control. Section 3 addresses a libertarian objection around the negative/positive rights distinction. Section 4 discusses whether strict tobacco control is compatible with freedom of choice. Section 5 dis- cusses whether strict tobacco control is compatible with respect for individual consent. -
The Economic Foundations of Contemporary Slavery by Justin Guay
TOPICAL RESEARCH DIGEST: HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONTEMPORARY SLAVERY The Economic Foundations of Contemporary Slavery By Justin Guay “Slavery existed before money or law” (Hochschild 2005). Indeed the “peculiar institution” is one of humanity’s oldest. It has, however, evolved and manifested itself quite distinctly in different periods of history. In contrast to historical views of slavery that are associated with Chattel Slavery, numerous forms fall under the umbrella term of contemporary slavery. The United Nations (U.N.) Working Group recognizes such radically new forms as: child labor, children in conflict, trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, and the sale of children. The International Labor Office (ILO) approaches the topic through the lens of forced labor. The ILO recognizes slavery and abductions, compulsory participation in public works projects, forced labor in agriculture, domestic workers, bonded labor, forced labor imposed by the military, forced labor in the trafficking of persons, as well as some aspects of prison labor and rehabilitation through work. A linking factor between these varied forms of contemporary slavery, according to the U.N. Working Group, is the role that poverty plays in creating vulnerability. This link is echoed in the work of Kevin Bales, arguably the world’s foremost expert on contemporary slavery. According to Bales, contemporary slavery is “the complete control of a person, for economic exploitation, by violence, or the threat of violence.” Using this definition, it is possible to explore the economic links that all forms of slavery, despite their unique characteristics, share. Economic conditions are decisive in the formation of slavery. Chattel slavery emerged as a disturbing manifestation of a push for labor-intensive goods created in the new world. -
Badges of Modern Slavery
Badges of modern slavery Article (Accepted Version) Paz-Fuchs, Amir (2016) Badges of modern slavery. Modern Law Review, 79 (5). pp. 757-785. ISSN 0026-7961 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61205/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Badges of Modern Slavery Amir Paz-Fuchs It is hard for us to appreciate that in spite of great efforts made by the emancipators and their successors, in spite of the revolution in public opinion as regards all forms of slavery, in spite of the plethora of international agreements for the suppression of slavery (some 300 of them), the problem of slavery in the twentieth century is as great, indeed greater than it was in the 1830s.1 Abstract Notwithstanding the 19th century formal abolition of slavery as legal ownership of people, modern slavery and forced labour have not been consigned to the past. -
The Production of Cosmopolitanism Among the Koyas of Kozhikode, Kerala
Chapter 9 “I am Gulf”: The production of cosmopolitanism among the Koyas of Kozhikode, Kerala Filippo Osella, University of Sussex & Caroline Osella, SOAS, University of London Introduction: Kozhikode and the Gulf A few weeks after our arrival in Kozhikode (known as Calicut during colonial times) we were introduced to Abdulhussein (Abdulbhai), an export agent who runs a family business together with his three younger brothers. He sat behind a desk in his sparsely furnished office on Beach Road. Abdulbhai is reading a Gujarati newspaper, while one of his younger brothers is talking on the phone in Hindi to a client from Bombay. The office is quiet and so is business: our conversation is only interrupted by the occasional friend who peeps into the office to greet Abdulbhai. He begins: Business is dead, all the godowns (warehouses) along the beach are closed; all the other exporters have closed down. But at my father’s time it was all different. During the trade season, there would be hundreds of boats anchored offshore, with barges full of goods going to and fro. There were boats from Bombay, from Gujarat, from Burma and Ceylon, but most of them belonged to Arabs. Down the road there were the British warehouses, and on the other end there is the Beach Hotel, only Britishers stayed there. The beach front was busy with carts and lorries and there were hundreds of Arab sailors walking up and down. The Arab boats arrived as soon as the monsoon was over, in October, and the last left the following May, before the rain started. -
Introduction
Introduction Coralie walks quickly in a procession of about a hundred practitioners who wear the goddess’s bright saff ron color. Under the sound of beat- ing drums, in an atmosphere of enormous suspense, with the sun going down, they enter the temple ground where hundreds of spectators and cameras welcome them. The crowd is clustered around a large pit fi lled with glowing embers. Little space is left for the procession to pass be- tween the spectators and the pit. An incredible heat emanates from the coals, even when standing two meters away. I sit down among other women near the milk basin at the end of the fi re pit. Movements are hectic. I lose sight of Coralie. It is getting darker. The coals blaze in grey, orange, and red. The drums keep beating. Their rhythms increase the tension. The priest conducts the fi nal preparatory ceremonies. Where is Coralie now? How does she feel? With the drums accelerating, the priest is the fi rst to step barefoot on to the glowing embers. He crosses the fi eld in eight strides and steps into the milk basin. Now, one devotee after another walks across the fi re pit. From my spot, I do not see Cora- lie, but I see Amandine when she crosses the fi eld. Her steps are fast and her eyes are wide open. Fire walking is a popular Hindu festival in La Réunion, a French overseas department and remote region of the European Union in the Indian Ocean. Coralie and Amandine1 are eighteen and twenty-eight years old. -
Nature and Role of Indian Diaspora in Indo- Uae Relationship
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 18, 2020 NATURE AND ROLE OF INDIAN DIASPORA IN INDO- UAE RELATIONSHIP 1Anima Puri, 2Dr Jyotika Teckchandani 1Ph.D Scholar, Amity Institute of Social Science, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh [email protected] 2Assistant Professor , Amity Institute of Social Science, Amity University, Noida , Uttar Pradesh [email protected] Received: 16 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 16 June 2020 Abstract Mobility of human resources is an essential feature of today's globalised world where interconnected world markets, networks, and technology all lead to growing labor, student, skilled, and family movement. Today's refugees are tomorrow's Diaspora-and those of yesteryears, today’s.The Indo-UAE Diaspora represents a large population in terms of size, distribution and scope.The subject of Migration and Diaspora in UAE has become quite important as their contribution in Indian economy in the form of remittances has compelled the researchers, academicians and policy makers to give special emphasis on this issue. This paper explores the relationship and discusses how India and UAE should use the Indian strategy to extend and strengthen the relationship.The paper examines the Diaspora-Development link and concludes that it is a relationship that needs to be nurtured for mutual benefit. This argues that the Indo-UAE Diaspora has contributed to the host countries economies, and is now in a position to play a part in India's development efforts. The Indian Government’s policies and programmes are steps in this direction and the time is opportune for the Diaspora to evolve mutually beneficial strategies with both host and home countries to carry forward the relationship. -
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awardees 2003
ANNUAL REPORT 2008-09 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 “We are proud of the achievements of the people of Indian origin around the world. More than any other people, the people of India and of Indian origin know the meaning of tolerance and the art of living together regardless of caste, creed, religion or language. Pluralism and the willingness to live with each other despite our differences is a deeply embedded trait of Indian culture. That is why I have often said that those who pursue the politics of exclusion, of monotheism, who divide people between “us” and “them”, betray the very idea of India”. - From the Inaugural Address of Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh At the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, Chennai, January 8, 2009 2 MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS INDIAN AFFAIRS ANNUAL REPORT 2008-09 CONTENTS OVERSEAS INDIANS AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS 4 THE MINISTRY AND ITS MANDATE 8 DIASPORA SERVICES 14 MIGRATION MANAGEMENT 23 FINANCIAL SERVICES 42 BUDGET AND FINANCIAL REVIEW 47 MANAGEMENT SERVICES 48 ANNEXURES AND TABLES 50 3 OVERSEAS INDIANS AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS I. The genesis and nature of the crisis: Over the past year, and with increasing spread and depth in the last two quarters, the world economy has gone through its most difficult economic crisis. Arguably, it’s worst since the Great Depression. The two events are not strictly comparable, for what we are witness to is an unprecedented sequence of events. The proximate cause was the subprime crisis in the United States triggered by an unsustainably leveraged mortgages market. -
Self-Ownership and the Limits of Libertarianism
Self-Ownership and the Limits of Libertarianism 1. Introduction In the longstanding debate between liberals and libertarians' over the morality of redistributive labor taxation, liberals such as John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin have consistently taken the position that such taxation is perfectly compatible with individual liberty,^ whereas libertarians such as Robert Nozick and Murray Rothbard have adopted the (very) contrary position that such taxation is tantamount to slavery.^ I will demonstrate over the course of this paper that their debate over redistributive labor taxation can be usefijlly reconstituted as a debate over the incidents (or components) of self-ownership, with liberals making the case for a nar- 'i use the term liberal as a shorthand for liberal egalitarian throughout the paper. I defme libertarians as a type of classical liberal, distinguished from other classical liberals by their extreme positions on personal liberty issues and by their style of political theoriz- ing, which is characterized by the rigorous deduction of political positions from first princi- ples such as self-ownership. Libertarians may be further subdivided into right-libertarians (such as the Robert Nozick of Anarchy. State, and Utopia and Murray Rothbard), who op- pose any form of redistribution, and left-libertarians (such as Hillel Steiner, Michael Otsuka, and Peter Vallentyne), who support the redistribution of natural resources but gen- erally oppose redistributive labor taxation. For more information on left-libertarianism, see Peter Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner (eds.). The Origins of Left Libertarianism: An Anthology of Historical Writings (New York: Palgrave Publishers, 2000) and Left Libertarianism and Its Critics: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Palgrave Publishers, 2000). -
Le Rapport Au Format
N° 7 SÉNAT SESSION ORDINAIRE DE 2019-2020 Rapport remis à M. le Président du Sénat le 1er octobre 2019 Enregistré à la Présidence du Sénat le 1er octobre 2019 RAPPORT FAIT au nom de la commission d’enquête (1) sur la souveraineté numérique, Président M. Franck MONTAUGÉ, Rapporteur M. Gérard LONGUET, Sénateurs Tome I : Rapport (1) Cette commission est composée de : M. Franck Montaugé, président ; M. Gérard Longuet, rapporteur ; M. Patrick Chaize, Mmes Sylvie Robert, Catherine Morin-Desailly, MM. Yvon Collin, M. André Gattolin, MM. Pierre Ouzoulias et Jérôme Bignon, vice-présidents ; Mme Viviane Artigalas, MM. Jérôme Bascher, Bernard Bonne, Mme Martine Filleul, MM. Christophe-André Frassa, Loïc Hervé, Laurent Lafon, Rachel Mazuir, Stéphane Piednoir, Mmes Sophie Primas, Frédérique Puissat et M. Hugues Saury. - 3 - SOMMAIRE Pages PRINCIPALES RECOMMANDATIONS ............................................................................ 7 AVANT-PROPOS .................................................................................................................13 I. QUELS SCÉNARII FACE AUX MENACES PESANT SUR NOTRE SOUVERAINETÉ ? ..........................................................................................................17 A. LA COMPÉTITION INTENSE ENTRE ÉTATS DANS LE CYBERESPACE ..................17 1. La politique américaine : la recherche d’un leadership incontesté .......................................18 a) Des relations complexes entre les Gafam et l’État américain .................................18 b) Une politique de la -
Managing International Labour Migration from India: Policies and Perspectives
ASIAN DECENT WORK 2006 DECADE 20 5 International Labour Organization ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper Series Managing international labour migration from India: Policies and perspectives S.K. Sasikumar & Zakir Hussain October 2008 Subregional Office for South Asia, New Delhi Managing international labour migration from India: Policies and perspectives S.K. Sasikumar & Zakir Hussain S.K. Sasikumar ([email protected]) is a faculty member at the V.V.Giri National Labour Institute. He is an economist by training and holds a Ph.D degree in the discipline. His academic interests include labour migration, globalization and employment, industrial relations, trade unionism and research methods. He has been associated as a Member of major commissions/ professional bodies like Study Group on Globalization, Second National Commission on Labour (2002), Committee on Emigration Act, Government of India, (2003), Committee on Emigration, Government of Kerala, (2004) and South Asian Migration Resource Network (as a core member). He is the Editor of the journal, Labour & Development and Associate Editor of the Indian Economic Journal. He is the coordinator of the Centre for Labour Market Studies, VVGNLI. He has undertaken a large number of research studies for various international organizations like International Labour Organization, International Institute for Labour Studies, Asian Development Bank, International Organization for Migration and World Health Organisation. He has nearly 40 research publications in the form of edited books, articles in referred journals and edited volumes and research monographs. Zakir Hussain ([email protected]) is an economist currently working with the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA), New Delhi. He obtained his Ph.D in economics from Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi on theme, Indo-GCC Economic & Migration Relations. -
Slavery and the Construction of Race
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Gilder Lehrman Center International Conference at Yale University Collective Degradation: Slavery and the Construction of Race November 7-8, 2003 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Slavery Without Racism, Racism Without Slavery: Mainland North America and Elsewhere By Stanley L. Engerman, University of Rochester* I Slavery is often regarded as the most extreme form of dependency, exploitation, and domination, in which individuals can be bought and sold, and are legally subject to complete control in decisions of where to live and to work. It is the most clear-cut form of domination, dependent on the controls of the state or a cartel of the elite, and thus probably the easiest type of coerced arrangement to end legally. Slavery has been an exceptionally pervasive institution, until very recently existing in almost all societies in the past as well as in almost all parts of the world.1 Few groups did not enslave others, and few were not themselves at some time enslaved. Slavery clearly existed prior to the emergence of scientific racism and the enslaved were not always peoples of different color.2 Perceptions of racial and color 1 differences have also long existed, but without necessarily leading to enslavement or other extreme forms of differential treatment of those of a different race.3 The linking of race and slavery, with race as the defining characteristic of the enslaved, came mainly with the settlement of the Americas and the transatlantic slave trade from Africa. Even then, however, slavery in other parts of the world persisted without a racial (as usually defined) underpinning.