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Humedales De Montaña María Eugenia” Que Comprende Una Superficie Total De 115-21 Hectáreas (Ciento Quince Hectáreas, Veintiún Áreas)

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Humedales De Montaña María Eugenia” Que Comprende Una Superficie Total De 115-21 Hectáreas (Ciento Quince Hectáreas, Veintiún Áreas) DIRECTORIO Lic. Juan Sabines Guerrero Gobernador Constitucional del Estado de Chiapas Lic. Lourdes Adriana López Moreno Secretaria de Medio Ambiente, Vivienda e Historia Natural. Biol. Alejandro Callejas Linares Subsecretario de Medio Ambiente Biol. María Antonieta Vásquez Sánchez Directora de Áreas Naturales y Vida Silvestre Biol. Ana Lorena Gudiño Valdéz Directora de Educación Ambiental Para el Desarrollo Sustentable Lic. René Villarreal Laviada Director de Protección Ambiental M. en C. Claudia Valeria Sánchez Flores Directora de Planeación Ambiental y Ordenamiento Ecológico Territorial Primera Edición, Febrero 2011 Secretaría de Medio Ambiente, Vivienda e Historia Natural Subsecretaría de Medio Ambiente 3°Poniente Norte No. 148 2° Piso Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas, México Hecho en México. Contenido PRESENTACIÓN: .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2. ANTECEDENTES ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 ORIGEN DEL PROYECTO DEL ÁREA PROTEGIDA ........................................................................... 8 2.2 EN EL CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL ................................................................................................ 9 2.3 EN EL CONTEXTO NACIONAL .......................................................................................................... 9 2.4 EN EL CONTEXTO ESTATAL Y REGIÓN DE INFLUENCIA ............................................................. 10 3. OBJETIVOS DEL ÁREA PROTEGIDA ...................................................................................................... 12 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 12 3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................................................... 12 4. CONTRIBUCIONES A LA MISIÓN Y LA VISIÓN DE LA SEMAVIHN ...................................................... 13 4.1 MISIÓN .............................................................................................................................................. 13 4.2 VISIÓN .............................................................................................................................................. 13 5. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA PROTEGIDA ................................................................................................. 14 5.1 LOCALIZACIÓN Y LÍMITES DEL MUNICIPIO DE SAN CRISTOBAL ................................................ 14 5.2 LOCALIZACION DEL ÁREA NATURAL PROTEGIDA ...................................................................... 14 5.3 CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-GEOGRÁFICAS DEL MUNICIPIO ........................................................ 15 5.4. CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOLÓGICAS DE LA ZSCE .............................................................................. 18 5.5. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO, CULTURAL Y ARQUEOLÓGICO ........................................................... 21 5.6 CONTEXTO DEMOGRÁFICO, ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL .................................................................. 25 5.7 USO DE SUELO Y AGUAS NACIONALES ........................................................................................ 28 5.8 CONTEXTO LEGAL. ......................................................................................................................... 29 5.9 TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA: ............................................................................................................... 30 6.1. ECOSISTÉMICO ............................................................................................................................... 31 6.2. DEMOGRÁFICO Y SOCIOECONÓMICO ......................................................................................... 33 6.3. PRESENCIA Y COORDINACIÓN INSTITUCIONAL ......................................................................... 33 6.4. CONSIDERACIONES DE GÉNERO Y A GRUPOS VULNERABLES ................................................ 34 6.5. GESTIÓN Y CONSENSO DEL PROGRAMA .................................................................................... 34 7. ZONIFICACIÓN .................................................................................................................................. 35 7.1 CRITERIOS DE ZONIFICACIÓN ....................................................................................................... 35 7.2 METODOLOGIA ................................................................................................................................ 35 7.3 ZONAS Y POLÍTICAS DE MANEJO .................................................................................................. 36 7.3.1 Zona de Conservación. .............................................................................................................. 36 7.3.2 Zona de restauración ................................................................................................................. 38 7.3.3 Zona de recreación .................................................................................................................... 40 7.3.4 Zona urbana. .............................................................................................................................. 42 7.4. COMPONENTES DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO ........................................................................... 44 7.4.1 SUBPROGRAMA DE PROTECCIÓN .............................................................................................. 44 7.4.1.1 Componente de inspección y vigilancia ................................................................................. 44 7.4.1.2 Componente de mantenimiento de regímenes de perturbación y procesos ecológicos a gran escala .......................................................................................................................................... 45 7.4.1.3 Componente de preservación de áreas frágiles y sensibles ................................................... 46 7.4.1.4 Componente de protección contra especies invasoras y control de especies nocivas ......... 46 7.4.2 SUBPROGRAMA DE CONSERVACIÓN Y MANEJO .................................................................... 47 7.4.2.1 Componente de desarrollo y fortalecimiento comunitario ................................................... 47 7.4.2.2 Componente de actividades mineras y extractivas ............................................................... 48 7.4.2.3 Componente de actividades productivas alternativas y tradicionales .................................. 49 7.4.2.4 Componente de manejo y uso sustentable de agroecosistemas y ganadería. ..................... 49 7.4.2.5 Componente de manejo y uso sustentable de ecosistemas terrestres y recursos forestales50 7.4.2.6 Componente de manejo y usos sustentable de vida silvestre ............................................... 51 7.4.2.7 Componente de Manejo y uso sustentable de ecosistemas dulceacuícolas y humedales .... 51 7.4.2.8 Componente de mantenimiento de servicios ecosistémicos. .............................................. 53 7.4.5. SUBPROGRAMA DE RESTAURACIÓN ........................................................................................ 53 7.4.3.1 Componente conectividad y ecología del paisaje ................................................................. 54 7.4.3.2 Componente conservación de agua y suelos ......................................................................... 55 7.4.4 SUBPROGRAMA DE CONOCIMIENTO......................................................................................... 57 7.4.4.1 Componente de fomento a la investigación y generación de conocimiento ....................... 57 7.4.4.2 Componente de inventarios, líneas de base y monitoreo ambiental y socioeconómico ..... 58 7.4.5 SUBPROGRAMA DE CULTURA .................................................................................................... 59 7.4.5.1 Componente de educación para la conservación y desarrollo sustentable........................... 59 8. ORDENAMIENTO ECOLÓGICO Y ZONIFICACIÓN ............................................................................... 60 8.1 ORDENAMIENTO ECOLÓGICO ....................................................................................................... 60 9. REGLAS ADMINISTRATIVAS ................................................................................................................. 62 10. EVALUACIÓN DE LA EFECTIVIDAD DEL MANEJO ............................................................................. 75 10.1 PROCESO DE LA EVALUACION .................................................................................................... 75 10.2 DIRECTRICES GENERALES ............................................................................................................ 76 10.3 INDICADORES ................................................................................................................................ 77 11. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ....................................................................................................................................... 80 12. ANEXOS ...............................................................................................................................................
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