DOCSLIB.ORG

BELINDA AGYEI- POKU FINAL THESIS.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BELINDA AGYEI- POKU FINAL THESIS.Pdf KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI COLLEGE OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THE EFFECT OF PRE- TREATMENT AND OVEN DRYING TEMPERATURES ON THE NUTRITIONAL, ANTI-NUTRITIONAL VALUES AND COLOUR PROPERTIES OF THE FRUITS OF SOLANUM TORVUM THIS DESSERTATION IS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE (HONS) IN FOOD QUALITY MANAGEMENT By BELINDA AGYEI- POKU JULY, 2017 1 DECLARATION I declare that I have wholly undertaken the study reported herein under the supervision of Mr. Emmanuel Yaw Adu Amankwah and that except portions where references have been duly cited, this dissertation is the outcome of my research. Belinda Agyei-Poku (PG4367715) …………………… ………………….. Student Name and ID Signature Date Mr. Emmanuel Yaw Adu Amankwah …………………… ………………….. Supervisor‟s Name Signature Date Mrs. Faustina D. Wireko Manu (PhD) …………………… ………………….. Head of Department Signature Date ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank the almighty God, whom I serve, for the grace to finish thesis work. My profound gratitude goes to my supervisor, Mr. Emmanuel Adu Amankwah for his tireless, guidance, patience, constructive criticisms, critical comments and suggestions throughout the course of this study. I am grateful to him for his supervision, guidance and support during my research work. Special thanks should go to my family: My husband Thomas Agyei-Poku, children; Akua, Kwasi, Ama and Kwame Agyei-Poku, my father and mother Ernest and Theresa Owusu-Badu, sister Brenda Biney, and all my siblings whom I shall always remain grateful for their support, kindness, love, prayers and patience during all the time of the study. My deep sincere gratitude also go to friends Apeku Osborn-Jnr, Williams and Redeemer, all at KNUST, for their full time support, assistance and kindness during my thesis at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my beloved husband Mr Thomas Agyei-Poku for his love and care. To my children Akua, Kwasi, Ama and Kwame Agyei-Poku so that they become greater scholars who will not only be able to understand different aspects of the world but also to change them in appropriate and positive ways. May Almighty God bless them all, Amen. iv ABSTRACT Fruits of Solanum torvum are generally consumed by lactating and nursing mothers, pregnant women and anemic patients when cooked for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Lack of preservation method has led to its high postharvest losses. However processing methods such as drying can affect differently the nutrient, colour and anti-nutrient content of food samples at different temperatures. This work therefore sought to determine the effects of treatment and different temperatures on the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the dried fruits. Proximate composition, some minerals (iron, magnesium, and calcium), anti-nutrients (Alkaloid, Oxalate and Tannin) and colour of the fresh and pre-treated dried samples were determined. AOAC (1995) methods were used for the determination of moisture, fiber, fat and ash content. AOAC (1990) method was used for the determination of protein. Minerals were determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy methods. Oxalate was determined by titrimetric method, Tannins by the spectrophotometric method and Alkaloids by the Gravimetric method. The results indicate that the fresh fruits possess high moisture content of 78.3% and 82 on wet basis. Fat, fiber, ash and protein contents increased with the exception of carbohydrate which decreased for the dried samples irrespective of the drying pretreatment. Minerals determined increased after drying for all temperatures with the effect of the treatments not well established. Vitamin C decreased after drying with the exception of the berries pretreated with ascorbic acid. Alkaloids and Tannins reduced after drying but oxalate was not affected by heat. Boiling reduced the browning effect with the 5% ascorbic acid treated samples recording the highest range of browning values. The high iron content of the fruits proves the fact that the fruits truly have hematinic property. These present research indicate that Solanum torvum fruits boiled and dried at 70oC has the best nutritional qualities, reduced anti-nutritional properties and a better desirable colour properties. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….………1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement and Justification ..................................................................................... 5 1.3 Significance of the study ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Main objective ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Specific objectives................................................................................................................. 6 1.6 The scope of the study ........................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Limitation of the study .......................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Origin of solanum torvum ..................................................................................................... 8 2.3 The Solanum torvum plant .................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Varieties .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.5 Health benefits..................................................................................................................... 11 2.6 Nutritional composition of Solanum torvum ....................................................................... 13 2.7 Cuisine ................................................................................................................................. 13 2.8 Food Preservation ................................................................................................................ 14 2.8.1 Drying............................................................................................................................... 14 2.8.2 Fundamentals of Drying ................................................................................................... 15 2.8.3 The Drying Process .......................................................................................................... 16 2.8.3.1.1 Mechanism of Drying................................................................................................. 17 vi 2.9 Oven Drying ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.9.1 Batch Drying Ovens ........................................................................................................ 18 2.9.2 Conveyor Drying Ovens .................................................................................................. 18 2.9.3 Specialty Drying Ovens ................................................................................................... 18 2.10 Nutritive values of dried vegetables .................................................................................. 19 2.10.1 Types of food to dry ....................................................................................................... 19 2.10.2 Equipment for drying ..................................................................................................... 19 2.10.3 Pre-treatment before drying. .......................................................................................... 19 2.11 ANTI-NUTRIENT ...........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum Incanum on Alloxan Induced
    armacolo Ph gy r : Tsenum, Cardiovasc Pharm Open Access 2018, 7:2 O la u p c e n s a A DOI: 10.4172/2329-6607.1000239 v c o c i e d r s a s Open Access C Cardiovascular Pharmacology: ISSN: 2329-6607 Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum incanum on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats Tsenum JL* Makurdi College of Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abuja, Nigeria Abstract The effect of orally administered aqueous fruit extract of Solanum incanum on serum lipid profile of Wistar Albino rats were determined. Twelve male and female Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups of three rats each, following acclimatization to laboratory and handling conditions. Diabetes was induced with a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg) body weight and plasma glucose was taken 72 h after induction to confirm diabetes. The normal control was not induced. Animals in group a (normal control) and B (diabetic) were administered 0.5 ml of normal saline respectively. Group C was administered with 10 mg/kg weight of glibenclamide and group D was administered 500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous Solanum incanum extract. Extract administration lasted for fourteen days. Water and feeds were allowed ad libitum. After the two weeks treatment with the plant extract, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for lipid profile analysis by standard methods and enzyme kits. At the end of week two, the lipid profile of all groups were significantly different. The result on lipid profile showed that the extract treated group was significantly lower (P>0.05) in TC, TAG and VLDL as compared to diabetic control but significantly higher (P<0.05) in HDL and LDL as compared to diabetic control.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Seed Germination of the Eggplant Rootstock Solanum Torvum by Testing Multiple
    1 Improving seed germination of the eggplant rootstock Solanum torvum by testing multiple 2 factors using an orthogonal array design 3 4 R.H.G. Ranila, H.M.L. Niranb, M. Plazasc, R.M. Fonsekaa, H.H. Fonsekad, S. Vilanovac, I. Andújarc, 5 P. Gramazioc, A. Fitac, J. Prohensc,* 6 7 aDepartment of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Old Galaha Road, 8 Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka 9 bAgriculture Research Station, Girandurukotte 90750, Sri Lanka 10 cInstituto de Conservacion y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de 11 València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain 12 dHorticultural Crop Research and Development Institute, Gannoruwa Road, Peradeniya 20400, Sri 13 Lanka 14 15 *Corresponding author. Tel: +34 963879424; fax: +34 963879422. 16 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (R.H.G. Ranil), [email protected] (H.M.L. Niran), 17 [email protected] (M. Plazas), [email protected] (R.M. Fonseka), 18 [email protected] (H.H. Fonseka), [email protected] (S. Vilanova), 19 [email protected] (I. Andújar), [email protected] (P. Gramazio), [email protected] (A. Fita), 20 [email protected] (J. Prohens) 21 22 1 23 ABSTRACT 24 Solanum torvum is a highly vigorous relative of eggplant that is resistant to a number of harmful 25 soil-borne diseases and is compatible for grafting with eggplant. Being a potential rootstock, this 26 plant frequently presents poor and erratic germination, which makes its practical use difficult. We 27 used an L8 (27) orthogonal array design to evaluate the primary effects of seven factors (soaking of 28 seeds, scarification with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), application of gibberellic acid (GA3), use of 29 potassium mitrate (KNO3) as a moistening agent, cold stratification, application of a heat shock, and 30 light irradiation during germination) at two levels (L0 and L1) using four germination parameters 31 (early and final germination, germination rate and vigour index) in fresh S.
    [Show full text]
  • NPV Dissertação (2008).Pdf (4.051Mb)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ Setor de Ciências Exatas – Departamento de Química Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Alcalóides Esteroidais dos Frutos Maduros de Solanum caavurana Vell. Mestranda: Nelissa Pacheco Vaz Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Beatriz Helena L. de N. Sales Maia Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências, área de concentração Química Orgânica. Curitiba-PR Janeiro 2008 “A química é talvez a ciência que mais necessita de amigos. Para fazê-los, tê-los e mantê-los basta a humildade de perceber que você nunca vai conseguir saber tudo de química e que eles sempre poderão lhe ensinar alguma coisa.” (Flávio Leite) ii AGRADECIMENTOS: U A Deus pela vida e oportunidade de adquirir conhecimento superior de qualidade numa sociedade tão desigual; U À minha família por acreditarem, apoiarem, incentivarem e terem investido tempo, amor e dedicação para a realização dos meus sonhos. Agradeço também pela compreensão e convivência; U A Universidade Federal do Paraná e ao Departamento de Química desta universidade pela oportunidade de realização deste trabalho; U À professora Drª. Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha Sales Maia pela orientação, amizade, compreensão, presença, motivação e auxílio durante a realização deste trabalho; U À professora Drª. Raquel Marques Braga - Instituto de Química - Universidade de Campinas (IQ - UNICAMP) pelas análises de ressonância magnética nuclear e auxílios nas determinações estruturais; U Ao professor Dr. Norberto Peporine Lopes - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo: Departamento de Física e Química – (FCFRP-USP) pela aquisição dos Espectros de Massas; U Aos biólogos Drª.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Anti-Oxidant Assay, HPLC Profiling of Polyphenolic Compounds, AAS and FTIR Spectrum of Malaysian Origin Solanum Torvum Fruit
    Pharmaceutical Research In vitro Anti-oxidant Assay, HPLC Profiling of Polyphenolic Compounds, AAS and FTIR Spectrum of Malaysian Origin Solanum torvum Fruit Sathyanarayana Namani1, Sunitha Paripelli2, Suresh V Chinni3, Marimuthu Kasi3, Sreeramanan Subramaniam4, Xavier Rathinam3 1|Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, MALAYSIA. 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, MALAYSIA. 3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, MALAYSIA. 4School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, MALAYSIA. ABSTRACT Objective: Solanum torvum swartz, a Solanaceae family plant is used by traditional systems of medicine. The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of the fruits of Solanum torvum of Malaysian origin. Method: A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for the analysis of important phytochemicals present in Solanum torvum Fruit. Anti-oxidant potential of S. torvum Fruit was evaluated by various scavenging models including DPPH, FRAP and HPLC method used for Identification of polyphenolic compounds. Elemental analysis and Functional group analysis were done by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) methods respectively. Results: Phytochemical screening was done for the aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of S. torvum. Quantitative assessment of total phenols and flavonoid content, DPPH and FRAP assay was done in the ethanolic extracts of S. torvum. Qualitative analysis of each extract showed the presence of reducing sugars, saponins, alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids except anthraquinones. Quantitative determination of total phenols and flavonoids in STE showed 16.4 mg GAE/g extract of S. torvum and 2.8 mg QE/g extract of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Epizoochorous Dispersal by Bats in French Guiana
    Journal of Tropical Ecology (2004) 20:581–582. Copyright © 2004 Cambridge University Press DOI: 10.1017/S0266467404001634 Printed in the United Kingdom SHORT COMMUNICATION Epizoochorous dispersal by bats in French Guiana Tatyana A. Lobova1 and Scott A. Mori Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, USA (Accepted 23 August 2003) Key Words: bat dispersal, Cyathula, epizoochorous dispersal, neotropical bats, Piper, Solanum, Sturnira In neotropical forests many species of plant depend on are known to have epizoochorous seed dispersal by burrs animals for pollination and seed dispersal and it has (Mori & Brown 1998). been well documented that bats play an essential role in As part of a study of seed dispersal, bats were caught dispersal of many flowering plants (Gardner 1977). Bats near the village of Saul¨ in central French Guiana during are responsible for colonization of plants into forest gaps August and September 2000. They were captured in because they often disperse the seeds of plants adapted primary and secondary forest in ground-level mist nets for growth in disturbed areas. Species of Cecropia, Piper, and placed in clean cloth bags until they defecated. The Solanum and Vismia are especially important pioneer bats were identified using Emmons (1990) and then plants, and bats play a critical role in the dispersal of released unharmed. Fruits and seeds from the faeces were these secondary woody species into both secondary and air-dried in glassine envelopes, identified, and voucher primary forests, and into the seed bank (de Foresta et al. collections archived at The New York Botanical Garden.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkaloids in Solanum Torvum Sw (Solanaceae) (With 2 Tables & 1 Figure) Alcaloides En Solanum Torvum Sw (Solanaceae) (Con 2 Tablas Y 1 Figura)
    Revista Internacional de International Journal of BOTANICA EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY Fundada en 1951 por Founded 1951 by Miguel Raggio & Nora Moro de Raggio Editor Fundador: Dr. Miguel Raggio | Editor Ejecutivo: Dr. Carlos A. Busso FUNDACION ROMULO RAGGIO Gaspar Campos 861, 1638 Vicente Lòpez (BA), Argentina www.revistaphyton.fund-romuloraggio.org.ar ISSN 0031-9457 56º ANIVERSARIO (2007) 76: 39-45 56th ANNIVERSARY Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) (With 2 Tables & 1 Figure) Alcaloides en Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) (Con 2 Tablas y 1 Figura) Pérez-Amador1 MC, V Muñoz Ocotero1, JM García Castañeda1, AR González Esquinca2 Abstract. A comparison was made between plants of Solanum tor- vum Sw that grow in Chiapas, Mexico, and plants of the same species ori- ginating from India. This was effected to establish either similarities or dif- ferences between these plants in total alkaloid contents and presence of solasodine, an important alkaloid for the partial synthesis of steroids. The total alkaloid content (0.12%) of the plants coming from Chiapas and India was the same. However, solasodine was found only in the plants of Chiapas. In addition, the total amount of glycoalkaloids (0.038%) and two glycosila- ted compounds derived from solasodine, solasonine (0.0043%) and sola- margine (0.0028%), were determined. Key words: Solanaceae, Solanum torvum, alkaloids, solasodine, solamargine. Resumen. Se efectuó una comparación entre plantas de Solanum tor- vum Sw que crecen en Chiapas, México, y plantas de la misma especie que cre- cen en India. Esto se efectuó para establecer similitudes o diferencias entre 1 Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Coyoacán 04510.
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Solanaceae Taxon: Solanum torvum Synonym: Solanum ficifolium Ortega Common Name turkeyberry Solanum rudepannum Dunal devil's-fig pea eggplant platebrush Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(Hawai'i) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 24 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 y 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 y 405
    [Show full text]
  • And Turkey Berry (Solanum Torvum Sw.)
    Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 7608-7626; doi:10.3390/ijms16047608 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article The WRKY Transcription Factor Genes in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum Sw.) Xu Yang 1,†, Cao Deng 2,†, Yu Zhang 1, Yufu Cheng 1,*, Qiuyue Huo 1 and Linbao Xue 1 1 College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (Q.H.); [email protected] (L.X.) 2 DNA Stories Bioinformatics Services Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9346. Academic Editor: Ritva Tikkanen Received: 6 November 2014 / Accepted: 10 March 2015 / Published: 7 April 2015 Abstract: WRKY transcription factors, which play critical roles in stress responses, have not been characterized in eggplant or its wild relative, turkey berry. The recent availability of RNA-sequencing data provides the opportunity to examine WRKY genes from a global perspective. We identified 50 and 62 WRKY genes in eggplant (SmelWRKYs) and turkey berry (StorWRKYs), respectively, all of which could be classified into three groups (I–III) based on the WRKY protein structure. The SmelWRKYs and StorWRKYs contain ~76% and ~95% of the number of WRKYs found in other sequenced asterid species, respectively. Positive selection analysis revealed that different selection constraints could have affected the evolution of these groups.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
    [Show full text]
  • Devil's Fig (444) Relates To: Weeds
    Pacific Pests, Pathogens & Weeds - Fact Sheets https://apps.lucidcentral.org/ppp/ Devil's fig (444) Relates to: Weeds Photo 2. Single bush, devil's fig, Solanum torvum; note, Photo 1. Thicket of devil's fig, Solanum torvum. the single stem just above ground. Photo 4. Thorns on the stems at the back of the Photo 3. Stem and branches, devil's fig, Solanum photograph, devil's fig, Solanum torvum. Note, the torvum, showing the thorns. shape of the leaves: near oval and with short leaf stalk. Photo 5. Flowers, devil's fig, Solanum torvum. Photo 6. Flowers, devil's fig, Solanum torvum. Photo 7. Flowers, devil's fig, Solanum torvum. Photo 8. Fruits, devil's fig, Solanum torvum. Photo 9. Flowers and fruits, devil's fig, Solanum torvum. Common Name Devil's fig; it is also known as prickly Solanum, or wild tomato. CABI prefers the name turkey berry. Scientific Name Solanum torvum. It was known previously as Solanum largiflorum. It is a member of the Solanaceae. Distribution Widespread. Africa, Asia, North (Hawaii), South and Central America, the Caribbean, Europe (restricted), Oceania. It is recorded from Australia, American Samoa, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna. It is native to southern Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Invasiveness & Habitat Devil's fig is a important invasive perennial weed forming dense thickets (Photo 1). It is a weed of forest margins, waterways, plantation crops, roadsides, pastures, disturbed sites and waste areas throughout the tropics and subtropics.
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Torvum Turkey Berry Solanaceae
    Solanum torvum Turkey berry Solanaceae Forest Starr, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope United States Geological Survey--Biological Resources Division Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai'i April, 2003 OVERVIEW Solanum torvum is a pantropical weed that invades disturbed areas and forms large thorny impenetrable thickets. On Maui, S. torvum is established in lowland pastures and agricultural fields on both East and West Maui. At this time, it is probably not feasible to eradicate on an island wide level. It seems to be spreading on Maui via contaminated equipment and soil. It also appears to be sparingly cultivated. Public education is needed so that people do not cultivate or spread noxious weeds unknowingly. It could be controlled if found at an early stage in new areas where it is not wanted. TAXONOMY Family: Solanaceae (Nightshade family) (Wagner et al. 1999). Latin name: Solanum torvum Sw. (Wagner et al. 1999). Synonyms: Solanum ficifolium Ortega (PLANTS 2003), Solanum ferrugineum Jacq. (Langeland and Burks 1998). Common names: Turkey berry, devil's-fig, prickly Solanum (GRIN 2003, PIER 2003, PLANTS 2003). Taxonomic notes: The genus Solanum is large and complex, made up of about 1,700 species worldwide (Wagner et al. 1999). Nomenclature: The genus name Solanum is probably derived from the Latin name of a plant that was used medicinally for treatment of epilepsy (Wagner et al. 1999). Related species in Hawai'i: Solanum is represented in Hawai'i by several endemic species, including Solanum nelsonii, Solanum incompletum, and Solanum sandwicense. There are also several other weedy naturalized species, such as S. linnaeanum, S. robustum, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Brugmansia Suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Sweet
    BioInvasions Records (2020) Volume 9, Issue 4: 660–669 CORRECTED PROOF Research Article Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Sweet (Solanaceae): an alien species new to continental Europe Adriano Stinca Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Citation: Stinca A (2020) Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Abstract Sweet (Solanaceae): an alien species new to continental Europe. BioInvasions The occurrence of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae), a neophyte native to Records 9(4): 660–669, https://doi.org/10. South America but cultivated for traditional medicine and ornament in many 3391/bir.2020.9.4.01 tropical and temperate areas of the world, is reported for the first time as casual for Received: 12 May 2020 continental Europe. The species was discovered in two small populations in southern Accepted: 25 August 2020 Italy, along the Tyrrhenian coast of the Campania region. Notes of the environments Published: 28 October 2020 in which the species was found and its naturalization status are also presented. This new finding confirms the role of anthropic areas as starting points for the invasion Handling editor: Giuseppe Brundu processes in Italy. Thematic editor: Stelios Katsanevakis Copyright: © Adriano Stinca Key words: exotic species, Italy, ornamental plants, naturalization status, vascular This is an open access article distributed under terms flora, xenophytes of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). OPEN ACCESS. Introduction Solanaceae Juss. is a large family of eudicots containing about 2,500 species (Olmstead et al.
    [Show full text]