Sector! Development!Strategy!

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sector! Development!Strategy! ! ! ! ! Barbados!Services!Sector! Development!Strategy! ! ! DRAFT!FINAL!REPORT! December!2013 PREPARED&BY& Mark&Hellyer& of& & & & & & ! ! ! ! ! ! ! & & & & ! ! ! ! ! ! & Barbados(Services(Sector(Development(Strategy! Project Recipient Project Funded by Barbados Coalition of Services Commonwealth Secretariat Industries PX/BRB/0735 ! ! Project Implemented by ! ! ! CTA$Economic$&$Export$Analysts$Ltd$ 505#Pinner#Road# Harrow## HA2#6EH# United#Kingdom# # Tel:#(+44)#870#199#5835## Email:#[email protected]### Web:#www.ctaeconomic.com# ! Memberships ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Acknowledgements! This!report!is!based!on!research!undertaken!between!29th!April!and!30th!November!2013.!It! involved! over! 120! interviews! in! Barbados,! review! of! more! than! 80! research! papers,! policy! documents!and!statistical!reports,!extensive!market!research!on!global!services!markets,!two! stakeholder! workshops! and! close! consultation! with! the! Commonwealth! Secretariat,! Project! Steering!Group!and!the!Barbados!Coalition!of!Services!Industries!(BCSI).!The!team!is!extremely! grateful!for!the!organisation!and!guidance!provided!by!BCSI!and!the!openness!and!cooperation! of! all! participants.! However,! the! findings,! opinions! and! recommendations! expressed! in! this! report! remain! those! of! the! project! team and! do! not! necessarily! reflect! those! of! the! Commonwealth!Secretariat,!BCSI,!Government!of!Barbados!or!Project!Steering!Group.! ! ! iii! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Contents! 1! Executive!Summary!..........................................................................................................................!1! 1.1! Background!.............................................................................................................................!1! 1.2! Challenges!to!Developing!Services!..........................................................................................!2! 1.3! Sector!Profiles!.........................................................................................................................!3! 1.4! Stakeholder!Engagement!........................................................................................................!3! 1.5! Immediate!Opportunities!........................................................................................................!4! 1.6! Guidelines!for!Pilot!Survey!of!Education!Sector!......................................................................!5! 1.7! Services!Sector!Development!Strategy!...................................................................................!6! 1.8! Implementation!Structures!.....................................................................................................!7! 1.9! Next!Steps!...............................................................................................................................!8! 2! Background!......................................................................................................................................!9! 2.1! Services!in!the!Economy!of!Barbados!.....................................................................................!9! 2.2! Disaggregation!of!services!sector!in!Barbados!......................................................................!11! 2.3! National!Trade!Policy!............................................................................................................!13! 2.4! International!Trading!Environment!.......................................................................................!16! 2.5! MediumNterm!Growth!and!Development!Strategy!(MGDS)!2013N2020!...............................!21! 3! Challenges!to!Developing!Services!................................................................................................!23! 3.1! Key!Constraints!.....................................................................................................................!23! 3.2! Institutional!Framework!for!Support!to!the!Services!Sector!.................................................!24! 3.3! Previous!Services!Strategy!and!Implementation!...................................................................!31! 4! Sector!Profiles!................................................................................................................................!34! 4.1! Business!Process!Outsourcing!(BPO)!.....................................................................................!34! 4.2! International!Business!Companies!(IBC)!...............................................................................!37! 4.3! ICT!Services!...........................................................................................................................!39! 4.4! Tertiary!Education!Services!...................................................................................................!42! 4.5! Construction!Related!Professional!Services!..........................................................................!47! 4.6! Creative!Industries!................................................................................................................!50! 4.7! Health!and!Wellness!Tourism!...............................................................................................!52! 4.8! Business!Support!Services!.....................................................................................................!57! 5! Stakeholder!Engagement!...............................................................................................................!61! 5.1! Inception!Phase!.....................................................................................................................!61! 5.2! 1st!Stakeholder!Workshop!.....................................................................................................!61! 5.3! Validation!Workshop!.............................................................................................................!62! 6! Immediate!Opportunities!..............................................................................................................!74! 6.1! Boutique!Wellness!Product!Development!............................................................................!74! 6.2! Business!Processing!Outsourcing!–!Medical!Transcription!...................................................!79! 6.3! English!Language!Training!.....................................................................................................!80! ! ! v! ! ! ! 6.4! Commercial!Art!.....................................................................................................................!82! 7! Guidelines!for!Pilot!Survey!of!Education!Sector!............................................................................!85! 7.1! Introduction!..........................................................................................................................!85! 7.2! Survey!Construction!..............................................................................................................!88! 7.3! Survey!Techniques!................................................................................................................!93! 7.4! Survey!Questions!..................................................................................................................!97! 8! Services!Sector!Development!Strategy!..........................................................................................!98! 8.1! Overall!Objectives!.................................................................................................................!98! 8.2! Key!aims!of!the!strategy!........................................................................................................!99! 8.3! Services!Sector!Development!..............................................................................................!100! 8.4! Services!Upgrading!..............................................................................................................!107! 8.5! Sector!brand!development!.................................................................................................!113! 9! Implementation!Structures!..........................................................................................................!115! 9.1! Introduction!........................................................................................................................!115! 9.2! Implementation!structure!...................................................................................................!115! 9.3! Facilitation!and!Monitoring!.................................................................................................!123! 9.4! Outline!Workplan!................................................................................................................!130! 10! Next!Steps!..................................................................................................................................!137! 10.1! Strategy!set!up!phase!.........................................................................................................!137! 10.2! Implementation!JuneNDec!2014!.........................................................................................!138! 10.3! Final!Workshop!..................................................................................................................!138! Annexes! Annex A: Terms of Reference Annex B: List of Consultations Annex C: References Annex D: Acronyms Used in this Report ! ! ! ! ! Executive!Summary! !Draft!Final!Report!
Recommended publications
  • RESTRICTED WT/TPR/W/76 10 February
    RESTRICTED WT/TPR/W/76 10 February 2015 (15-0841) Page: 1/35 Trade Policy Review Body BARBADOS DRAFT MINUTES OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 27 AND 29 JANUARY 2015 Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the Secretariat (Mrs Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], or to [email protected]) no later than 24 February 2015. Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales BARBADE PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 27 ET 29 JANVIER 2015 Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs propres déclarations au Secrétariat (Mme Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], ou [email protected]) le 24 février 2015 au plus tard. Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales BARBADOS PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 27 Y 29 DE ENERO DE 2015 Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sra. Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], o [email protected]) a más tardar el 24 de febrero de 2015 las correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones. _______________ *In Original language only/En langue originale seulement/En el idioma original solamente. WT/TPR/W/76 • Barbados - 2 - TRADE POLICY REVIEW BARBADOS DRAFT MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. Mrs. Mariam MD Salleh CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ....................................................... 3 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BARBADOS .................................. 5 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ................................................................................ 8 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ........................................................................................ 12 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BARBADOS AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 30 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Barbados' Debt Crisis: the Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism
    University at Albany, State University of New York Scholars Archive Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program Studies 2019 Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism Noel Chase University at Albany, State University of New York, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_honors Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Chase, Noel, "Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism" (2019). Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program. 4. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_honors/4 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies at Scholars Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program by an authorized administrator of Scholars Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism Faculty Sponsor Address: [email protected] | University at Albany Social Science 250 1400 Washington Avenue Albany, NY 12222 Undergraduate Author Address: [email protected] | 159 E 88th St Brooklyn, NY 11236 1 This research project explains the correlation between the tourism sector and Barbados’s cycle of debt. Barbados has continuously incurred debt, from international financing institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, since its independence from Great Britain in 1966. As of 2017, the estimated national debt of Barbados is $7.92 billion (USD).1 Sir Hillary Beckles, Michael Howard, and other economic experts and professors at the University of the West Indies, believe the country has gone into debt for a variety of different reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Gender in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean
    The Political Economy of Gender in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean Eudine Barriteau International Political Economy Series General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and International Development Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Titles include: Leslie Elliott Armijo (editor) FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND DEMOCRACY IN EMERGING MARKETS Eudine Barriteau THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GENDER IN THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CARIBBEAN Gabriel G. Casaburi DYNAMIC AGROINDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS The Political Economy of Competitive Sectors in Argentina and Chile Matt Davies INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND MASS COMMUNICATION IN CHILE National Intellectuals and Transnational Hegemony Yvon Grenier THE EMERGENCE OF INSURGENCY IN EL SALVADOR Ideology and Political Will Ivelaw L. Griffith (editor) THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DRUGS IN THE CARIBBEAN Jerry Haar and Anthony T. Bryan (editors) CANADIAN–CARIBBEAN RELATIONS IN TRANSITION Trade, Sustainable Development and Security Tricia Juhn NEGOTIATING PEACE IN EL SALVADOR Civil–Military Relations and the Conspiracy to End the War R. Lipsey and P. Meller (editors) WESTERN HEMISPHERE TRADE INTEGRATION A Canadian–Latin American Dialogue Don Marshall CARIBBEAN POLITICAL ECONOMY AT THE CROSSROADS NAFTA and Regional Developmentalism Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon (editors) ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY The Latin American Experience Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras and Steve Vieux NEOLIBERALISM AND CLASS CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA A Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN LATIN AMERICA International Political Economy Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71708–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
    [Show full text]
  • The National Strategic Plan of Barbados 2005-2025
    THE NATIONAL ANTHEM In plenty and in time of need When this fair land was young Our brave forefathers sowed the seed From which our pride is sprung, A pride that makes no wanton boast Of what it has withstood That binds our hearts from coast to coast - The pride of nationhood. Chorus: We loyal sons and daughters all Do hereby make it known These fields and hills beyond recall Are now our very own. We write our names on history’s page With expectations great, Strict guardians of our heritage, Firm craftsmen of our fate. The Lord has been the people’s guide For past three hundred years. With him still on the people’s side We have no doubts or fears. Upward and onward we shall go, Inspired, exulting, free, And greater will our nation grow In strength and unity. 1 1 The National Heroes of Barbados Bussa Sarah Ann Gill Samuel Jackman Prescod Can we invoke the courage and wisdom that inspired and guided our forefathers in order to undertake Charles Duncan O’neal the most unprecedented Clement Osbourne Payne and historic transformation in our economic, social and physical landscape since independence in Sir Hugh Springer 1966? Errol Walton Barrow Sir Frank Walcott Sir Garfield Sobers Sir Grantley Adams 2 PREPARED BY THE RESEARCH AND PLANNING UNIT ECONOMIC AFFAIRS DIVISION MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTERS BAY STREET, ST. MICHAEL, BARBADOS TELEPHONE: (246) 436-6435 FAX: (246) 228-9330 E-MAIL: [email protected] JUNE, 2005 33 THE NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF BARBADOS 2005-2025 FOREWORD The forces of change unleashed by globalisation and the uncertainties of international politics today make it imperative for all countries to plan strategically for their future.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Statement
    GOVERNMENT OF BARBADOS FINANCIAL STATEMENT AND BUDGETARY PROPOSALS 2011 PRESENTED BY HON. CHRISTOPHER P. SINCKLER MINISTER OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Tuesday 16th August, 2011 1 Mr. Speaker Sir, it is with a chastened outlook yet calmed assurance that I rise to deliver to this Honourable House the Financial Statement and Budgetary Proposal for 2011. I am chastened Sir, not only by the enormity of the task that confronts me as Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, as it does indeed the entire Government and people of Barbados, but equally as well by the massive responsibility which has been imposed on us to safely navigate our country through this most challenging period of the country’s history. Lesser men and women would have shirked from this responsibility in favour of more certain waters and a less contentious atmosphere. Surely at times Mr. Speaker, my own human frailty has led me, as I am sure it has led many others across this country, in moments of weakness to ask: why me? But for those of us on whom God Almighty has vested the burden of leadership in trying times, it is expected that we do as the Apostle Paul instructed the early Christians in his letter to the Corinthians and I quote: “Keep alert, stand Firm in your faith, be courageous, be strong” That is why for my own part, as I walk this treacherous path of uncertain economic times, I do so with a resilience to do what is mine to do. For I know that my strength also comes from the certainty that I am not walking this path alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Barbados
    OFFERING CIRCULAR Government of Barbados US$65,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 Fully fungible and forming a single issue with the Government's US$125,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 The US$65,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Notes due 2035 (the “Notes”) of the Government of Barbados (the “Government” or, unless the context otherwise requires, “Barbados”) offered by this offering circular are a further issuance of the Government’s US$125,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 originally issued on December 5, 2005 (the “existing notes”) and will be consolidated with, and form a single series with, such notes producing a series with an aggregate principal amount of US$190,000,000. The notes offered hereby and represented by an Unrestricted Global Note will have separate temporary CUSIP and ISIN numbers from the existing notes represented by an Unrestricted Global Note for 40 days from the issue date of the notes offered hereby, and, therefore, will not trade fungibly with the existing notes for the first 40 days after this issue date. Thereafter, the notes offered hereby and represented by an Unrestricted Global Note Certificate will trade under the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as the existing notes represented by an Unrestricted Global Note Certificate and will trade fungibly with the existing notes. The Notes will mature and will be repaid at par on December 5, 2035. Interest on the Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears in U.S. Dollars on June 5 and December 5 of each year, commencing on December 5, 2006, at a rate of 6.625% per annum, accruing from June 5, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Barbados Economic and Social Report 2013
    2 0 1 1 BARBADOS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REPORT 2013 Barbados Economic and Social Report 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 2 I. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................... 5 II. REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 9 III. THE BARBADOS ECONOMY .................................................................................................... 15 A. The Real Sector 15 B. Balance Of Payments 16 C. Fiscal Developments and Public Finances 19 D. Money, Banking And Capital Markets 23 E. Employment, Inflation And Labour Market 30 F. Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP) 37 G. Official Development Assistance 38 IV. SECTORAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................... 50 A. Agriculture And Fisheries 50 B. Industry And Manufacturing 57 C. Tourism 66 D. Construction 70 E. International Financial and Business Services 71 F. Energy And Utilities 73 G. Commerce And Consumer Affairs 77 H. Small Business Development 79 I. Science And Technology 80 V. SOCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................... 81 A. Education And Training 81 B. Population 88 C. Health 89 D. Social Services 103 E. Environment 123 F. Law And Order 142 VI. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR 2014 ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 11, ____ Labour Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry: a Different Lesson in the Sustainability of Small and Island States
    ____11, ____ Labour Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry: a Different Lesson in the Sustainability of Small and Island States Godfrey Baldacchino Smallness and its consequences are generally understood to have implica­ tions on various features of the small social universe. My intention is to extend this concern to the sphere of human resource management. I therefore propose an investigation into how the condition of smallness has implica­ tions for relationships between people, particularly between manager and managed at work. The chapter will draw on select comparative interview material relating to the issue of recruitment. The empirical fieldwork from where the material is culled was carried out by the author in two large luxury hotels, one in Malta and one in Barbados. The account and analysis suggest how the dynamics between managers and employees in the hospitality industry of developing micro-states may illustrate the idiosyncratic cluster of opportunities and limitations of operating in such a small-size and small-scale environment. The compendium of obstacles and opportunities that seem to have a bearing on the labour-management relationship bear witness to an environ­ mental wisdom, an attitudinal pattern inspired also by what the small-scale social environment has to offer. In this sense, one can propose a different and insightful perspective to sustainability concerning labour relations and human resource management in small-scale settings. The result is somewhat removed from the deterministic implications of globalization and homogeni­ zation current in much of the literahlre concerning tourism in micro­ territories. Labour Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry 161 Sustainability Sustainable development - that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - is a particular challenge for small and island states.
    [Show full text]
  • Barbados Economic and Social Report 2018
    APPENDIX I Ministry of Economic Affairs 6 Investment Economic & Social Report 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 I INTERNATIONAL & REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT……………………………… 4 II THE BARBADOS ECONOMY……………………………………………………………………………… 7 A. Gross Domestic Product ……………………………………………………………………... 8 B. Balance of Payments ………………………………………………………………………….. 9 C. Fiscal Developments and Public Finances……………………………………………. 12 D. Employment, Inflation and Labour Market …………………………………………. 16 E. Sectoral Performance and Policy Development……………………………………. 19 i. Accommodation and Food Service Industry……………………….. 19 ii. Industrial Sector………………………………………………………………. 22 iii. Agriculture and Fishing…………………………………………………….. 24 iv. International Financial and Business Services……………………. 31 v. Construction……………………………………………………………………… 32 vi. Energy and Utilities…………………………………………………………… 36 vii. Transport………………………………………………………………………….. 38 F. Money, Banking and Capital Markets…………………………………………………… 40 G. Small Business Development………………………………………………………………. 45 H. Commerce and Consumer Affairs………………………………………………………… 45 I. Foreign Trade and International Relations…………………………………………… 46 III SOCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………………………………….. 52 A. Education and Training……………………………………………………………………….. 52 B. Science and Technology………………………………………………………………………. 58 C. Creative Economy and Culture…………………………………………………………….. 59 D. Youth and Community Empowerment…………………………………………………. 61 E. Population………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62 F. Health…………………………………………………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • The World Economy
    Development Centre Studies MADDISON «Development Centre Studies The World Economy VOLUME 1: A MILLENNIAL PERSPECTIVE VOLUME 2: HISTORICAL STATISTICS The World The World Economy brings together two reference works by Angus Maddison: The World Economy Economy: A Millennial Perspective, first published in 2001 and The World Economy: Historical Statistics, published in 2003. This new edition contains StatLinks, which allow you to download the tables in Excel® format. VOLUME 1: A MILLENNIAL PERSPECTIVE The World Economy is a “must” for scholars and students of economics and economic VOLUME 2: HISTORICAL STATISTICS history as well as for statisticians, while the casual reader will find much of fascinating interest. On The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective: “A tour de force. What a wonderful gift for the new century.” Robert Mundell, Nobel Prize winner and Professor of Economics, Columbia University. “An essential reference for anyone interested in global development for many years to come.” Paul Krugman, Professor of Economics, Princeton University. “Quite simply a dazzling essay.” Nicholas Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute. “Highly recommended . refreshing and full of historical information. An important book.” Kisanhani F. Emizet, Kanzas University, writing in International Politics. The full text of this book is available on line via these links: The Economy World http://www.sourceoecd.org/development/9264022619 http://www.sourceoecd.org/emergingeconomies/9264022619 http://www.sourceoecd.org/transitioneconomies/9264022619 http://www.sourceoecd.org/nationalaccounts/9264022619 Those with access to all OECD books on line should use this link: http://www.sourceoecd.org/9264022619 SourceOECD is the OECD’s online library of books, periodicals and statistical databases. For more information about this award-winning service and free trials ask your librarian, or write to us at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction: Mapping the Terrain
    Notes 1 Introduction: Mapping the Terrain 1 For example, a recent sampling of newspaper headlines in Barbados include, ‘Men Fear Female Strides’, Barbados Advocate (30 June 1998): 2; ‘Men In Danger: Two Politicians Have Say on Gender Roles’, Barbados Advocate (25 September, 1998): 8; ‘Caribbean Boys In Crisis’, Sunday Sun (20 September, 1998): 14A; ‘Female Edge: Men Wasting Crucial Time’, Barbados Advocate (1 January, 1999): 8; ‘Concern For Boys: Single Sex Schools May Be Better, Says [Prime Minister] Arthur’, Daily Nation (24 June, 1999): 2; ‘PM: Schools Need Proper Male Figures’, Barbados Advocate (24 June, 1999): 4; ‘Women Taking Over’, Sunday Sun (17 August, 1997): 7A; ‘Males Crippled By Slavery’, Barbados Advocate (24 February, 1998): 7; ‘Men Say Law Courts Favour Women’, Barbados Advocate (17 February, 1998): 7. 2 Until recently, these were the only countries of the Caribbean Common Market, forming CARICOM. In 1998 Suriname was admitted to member- ship and Haiti in July 1999. They do not form part of this analysis. 3 With brief experiments with alternatives or modifications of the standard approach by Jamaica in the 1970s, Grenada 1979–83, and corrupted state intrusions by Guyana throughout the 1970s to 1985 when President Forbes Burnham died (Griffith 1997a; Emmanuel et al. 1986; Manley 1982). 4 With one woman of the ten a nineteenth-century religious leader. 5 Horatio Nelson is the nineteenth-century British naval hero whom the nineteenth-century, white, Barbadian Plantocracy regarded as saving them from French conquest. Some black Barbadians say he is not a hero and since their ancestors were enslaved at the time it did not matter whether Barbados was conquered by the French or remained a British colony.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal and Marine Quality and Tourists' Stated Intention to Return
    water Article Coastal and Marine Quality and Tourists’ Stated Intention to Return to Barbados Peter Schuhmann 1,*, Ryan Skeete 2, Richard Waite 3, Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete 4, James Casey 5, Hazel A. Oxenford 6 and David A. Gill 7 1 Department of Economics and Finance, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA 2 Caribbean Tourism Organization, Warrens, St. Michael BB22026, Barbados; [email protected] 3 World Resources Institute, Washington, DC 20002, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Economics, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill BB11000, Barbados; [email protected] 5 Williams School of Commerce, Economics and Politics, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450, USA; [email protected] 6 Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill BB11000, Barbados; [email protected] 7 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: 1-910-962-3417 Received: 2 May 2019; Accepted: 13 June 2019; Published: 17 June 2019 Abstract: Seawater quality is critical for island and coastal communities dependent on coastal tourism. Improper management of coastal development and inland watersheds can decrease seawater quality and adversely impact marine life, human health, and economic growth. Agricultural runoff and improper sewage management compromise nearshore water quality in many coastal regions and can impact visitation decisions of tourists who are drawn to these destinations. The purpose of this paper is to understand how tourists’ decisions to revisit Barbados might be affected by changes in coastal and marine quality.
    [Show full text]