Invest Barbados Annual Report 2017
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Gangnam Style’
POLITICS, PARODIES, AND THE PARADOX OF PSY’S ‘GANGNAM STYLE’ KEITH HOWARD∗ ABSTRACT In 2012, ‘Gangnam Style’ occasioned large flash mobs, three of the early ones taking place in Pasadena, Times Square in New York, and Sydney, Australia. Today, Psy, the singer of ‘Gangnam Style’, is regularly talked about as having brought K-pop to the world beyond East and Southeast Asia, and Korean tourism chiefs are actively planning a Korean Wave street in Gangnam, the district of Seoul lampooned by the song. But, ‘Gangnam Style’ has proved challenging to K-pop fans, who have resisted its gender stereotyping, its comic framing, and its simple dance moves that subsume the aesthetics of movement under a sequence of locations and action vignettes. At the same time, foreign success has given the song, and its singer, legitimacy in Korea so much so that, despite lyrics and video images that critique modern urban life and caricature the misogynistic failures of its protagonist, Psy headlined the inauguration celebrations of Korea’s incoming president, Park Geun-hye, in February 2013. This paper explores the song, its reception and critique by fans and others, and notes how, in an ultimate paradox that reflects the age of social media and the individualization of consumerism, the parodies the song spawned across the globe enabled Koreans to celebrate its success while ignoring its message. Keywords: Korean Wave, K-pop, popular music, parody, mimesis, consumerism, social media, Gangnam Style, Psy. INTRODUCTION In 2012, ‘Gangnam Style’ occasioned large flash mobs, three of the early ones taking place in Pasadena, Times Square in New York, and Sydney, Australia. -
RESTRICTED WT/TPR/W/76 10 February
RESTRICTED WT/TPR/W/76 10 February 2015 (15-0841) Page: 1/35 Trade Policy Review Body BARBADOS DRAFT MINUTES OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 27 AND 29 JANUARY 2015 Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the Secretariat (Mrs Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], or to [email protected]) no later than 24 February 2015. Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales BARBADE PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 27 ET 29 JANVIER 2015 Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs propres déclarations au Secrétariat (Mme Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], ou [email protected]) le 24 février 2015 au plus tard. Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales BARBADOS PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 27 Y 29 DE ENERO DE 2015 Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sra. Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], o [email protected]) a más tardar el 24 de febrero de 2015 las correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones. _______________ *In Original language only/En langue originale seulement/En el idioma original solamente. WT/TPR/W/76 • Barbados - 2 - TRADE POLICY REVIEW BARBADOS DRAFT MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. Mrs. Mariam MD Salleh CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ....................................................... 3 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BARBADOS .................................. 5 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ................................................................................ 8 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ........................................................................................ 12 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BARBADOS AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 30 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ........................................................ -
Barbados' Debt Crisis: the Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism
University at Albany, State University of New York Scholars Archive Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program Studies 2019 Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism Noel Chase University at Albany, State University of New York, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_honors Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Chase, Noel, "Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism" (2019). Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program. 4. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_honors/4 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies at Scholars Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program by an authorized administrator of Scholars Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism Faculty Sponsor Address: [email protected] | University at Albany Social Science 250 1400 Washington Avenue Albany, NY 12222 Undergraduate Author Address: [email protected] | 159 E 88th St Brooklyn, NY 11236 1 This research project explains the correlation between the tourism sector and Barbados’s cycle of debt. Barbados has continuously incurred debt, from international financing institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, since its independence from Great Britain in 1966. As of 2017, the estimated national debt of Barbados is $7.92 billion (USD).1 Sir Hillary Beckles, Michael Howard, and other economic experts and professors at the University of the West Indies, believe the country has gone into debt for a variety of different reasons. -
Bab Ii Tinjauan Pustaka
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. DESKRIPSI SUBYEK PENELITIAN 1. SISTAR Sistar merupakan girlband yang berada di bawah naungan Starship Entertainment. Girlband yang debut pada tanggal 3 Juni 2010 ini beranggotakan Hyorin, Soyu, Bora, dan Dasom. Teaser debut Sistar yang berjudul Push Push rilis pada tanggal 1 Juni 2010, dan melakukan debut stage pertama kali di acara Music Bank (salah satu acara musik Korea Selatan) tanggal 4 Juni 2010 (http://www.starship- ent.com/index.php?mid=sistaralbum&page=2&document_srl=373, diakses pada 26 oktober 2017 pukul 11.30 WIB). Gambar 2.1 Foto teaser debut Sistar berjudul Push Push Di tahun yang sama, tepatnya tanggal 25 Agustus, Sistar kembali mempromosikan single debut berjudul Shady Girl. Single ini semakin membuat nama Sistar dikenal oleh khalayak, dan menempati chart tinggi dibeberapa situs musik Korea Selatan. Tanggal 23 13 14 November, Sistar merilis Teaser MV untuk single baru berjudul How Dare You. Namun karena permasalahan perebutan perbatasan antara Korea Utara dan Korea Selatan, membuat MV untuk Single How Dare You sedikit terlambat dipublikasikan. Tepat seminggu, akhirnya pada tanggal 2 Desember MV tersebut rilis dan berhasil menempati urutan teratas di beberapa chart music seperti Melon, Mnet, Soribada, Bugs, Monkey3, dan Daum Musik. Dalam Melon Chart bulan Desember tahun 2010, Sistar menempati urutan ke empat dalam Top 100 (http://www.melon.com/chart/search/index.htm, diakses pada 26 oktober 2017 pukul 12.25 WIB). Sistar - Single How Dare You Gambar 2.2 Melon Chart Desember 2010 Untuk tahun 2011, Sistar kembali melebarkan sayapnya di dunia musik dengan membentuk sub-unit yang beranggotakan Hyorin dan Bora. -
The Political Economy of Gender in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean
The Political Economy of Gender in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean Eudine Barriteau International Political Economy Series General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and International Development Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Titles include: Leslie Elliott Armijo (editor) FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND DEMOCRACY IN EMERGING MARKETS Eudine Barriteau THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GENDER IN THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CARIBBEAN Gabriel G. Casaburi DYNAMIC AGROINDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS The Political Economy of Competitive Sectors in Argentina and Chile Matt Davies INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND MASS COMMUNICATION IN CHILE National Intellectuals and Transnational Hegemony Yvon Grenier THE EMERGENCE OF INSURGENCY IN EL SALVADOR Ideology and Political Will Ivelaw L. Griffith (editor) THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DRUGS IN THE CARIBBEAN Jerry Haar and Anthony T. Bryan (editors) CANADIAN–CARIBBEAN RELATIONS IN TRANSITION Trade, Sustainable Development and Security Tricia Juhn NEGOTIATING PEACE IN EL SALVADOR Civil–Military Relations and the Conspiracy to End the War R. Lipsey and P. Meller (editors) WESTERN HEMISPHERE TRADE INTEGRATION A Canadian–Latin American Dialogue Don Marshall CARIBBEAN POLITICAL ECONOMY AT THE CROSSROADS NAFTA and Regional Developmentalism Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon (editors) ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY The Latin American Experience Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras and Steve Vieux NEOLIBERALISM AND CLASS CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA A Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN LATIN AMERICA International Political Economy Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71708–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. -
The National Strategic Plan of Barbados 2005-2025
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM In plenty and in time of need When this fair land was young Our brave forefathers sowed the seed From which our pride is sprung, A pride that makes no wanton boast Of what it has withstood That binds our hearts from coast to coast - The pride of nationhood. Chorus: We loyal sons and daughters all Do hereby make it known These fields and hills beyond recall Are now our very own. We write our names on history’s page With expectations great, Strict guardians of our heritage, Firm craftsmen of our fate. The Lord has been the people’s guide For past three hundred years. With him still on the people’s side We have no doubts or fears. Upward and onward we shall go, Inspired, exulting, free, And greater will our nation grow In strength and unity. 1 1 The National Heroes of Barbados Bussa Sarah Ann Gill Samuel Jackman Prescod Can we invoke the courage and wisdom that inspired and guided our forefathers in order to undertake Charles Duncan O’neal the most unprecedented Clement Osbourne Payne and historic transformation in our economic, social and physical landscape since independence in Sir Hugh Springer 1966? Errol Walton Barrow Sir Frank Walcott Sir Garfield Sobers Sir Grantley Adams 2 PREPARED BY THE RESEARCH AND PLANNING UNIT ECONOMIC AFFAIRS DIVISION MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTERS BAY STREET, ST. MICHAEL, BARBADOS TELEPHONE: (246) 436-6435 FAX: (246) 228-9330 E-MAIL: [email protected] JUNE, 2005 33 THE NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF BARBADOS 2005-2025 FOREWORD The forces of change unleashed by globalisation and the uncertainties of international politics today make it imperative for all countries to plan strategically for their future. -
Conceptually Androgynous
Umeå Center for Gender Studies Conceptually androgynous The production and commodification of gender in Korean pop music Petter Almqvist-Ingersoll Master Thesis in Gender Studies Spring 2019 Thesis supervisor: Johanna Overud, Ph. D. ABSTRACT Stemming from a recent surge in articles related to Korean masculinities, and based in a feminist and queer Marxist theoretical framework, this paper asks how gender, with a specific focus on what is referred to as soft masculinity, is constructed through K-pop performances, as well as what power structures are in play. By reading studies on pan-Asian masculinities and gender performativity - taking into account such factors as talnori and kkonminam, and investigating conceptual terms flower boy, aegyo, and girl crush - it forms a baseline for a qualitative research project. By conducting qualitative interviews with Swedish K-pop fans and performing semiotic analysis of K-pop music videos, the thesis finds that although K-pop masculinities are perceived as feminine to a foreign audience, they are still heavily rooted in a heteronormative framework. Furthermore, in investigating the production of gender performativity in K-pop, it finds that neoliberal commercialism holds an assertive grip over these productions and are thus able to dictate ‘conceptualizations’ of gender and project identities that are specifically tailored to attract certain audiences. Lastly, the study shows that these practices are sold under an umbrella of ‘loyalty’ in which fans are incentivized to consume in order to show support for their idols – in which the concept of desire plays a significant role. Keywords: Gender, masculinity, commercialism, queer, Marxism Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. -
Financial Statement
GOVERNMENT OF BARBADOS FINANCIAL STATEMENT AND BUDGETARY PROPOSALS 2011 PRESENTED BY HON. CHRISTOPHER P. SINCKLER MINISTER OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Tuesday 16th August, 2011 1 Mr. Speaker Sir, it is with a chastened outlook yet calmed assurance that I rise to deliver to this Honourable House the Financial Statement and Budgetary Proposal for 2011. I am chastened Sir, not only by the enormity of the task that confronts me as Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, as it does indeed the entire Government and people of Barbados, but equally as well by the massive responsibility which has been imposed on us to safely navigate our country through this most challenging period of the country’s history. Lesser men and women would have shirked from this responsibility in favour of more certain waters and a less contentious atmosphere. Surely at times Mr. Speaker, my own human frailty has led me, as I am sure it has led many others across this country, in moments of weakness to ask: why me? But for those of us on whom God Almighty has vested the burden of leadership in trying times, it is expected that we do as the Apostle Paul instructed the early Christians in his letter to the Corinthians and I quote: “Keep alert, stand Firm in your faith, be courageous, be strong” That is why for my own part, as I walk this treacherous path of uncertain economic times, I do so with a resilience to do what is mine to do. For I know that my strength also comes from the certainty that I am not walking this path alone. -
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Government of Barbados
OFFERING CIRCULAR Government of Barbados US$65,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 Fully fungible and forming a single issue with the Government's US$125,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 The US$65,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Notes due 2035 (the “Notes”) of the Government of Barbados (the “Government” or, unless the context otherwise requires, “Barbados”) offered by this offering circular are a further issuance of the Government’s US$125,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 originally issued on December 5, 2005 (the “existing notes”) and will be consolidated with, and form a single series with, such notes producing a series with an aggregate principal amount of US$190,000,000. The notes offered hereby and represented by an Unrestricted Global Note will have separate temporary CUSIP and ISIN numbers from the existing notes represented by an Unrestricted Global Note for 40 days from the issue date of the notes offered hereby, and, therefore, will not trade fungibly with the existing notes for the first 40 days after this issue date. Thereafter, the notes offered hereby and represented by an Unrestricted Global Note Certificate will trade under the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as the existing notes represented by an Unrestricted Global Note Certificate and will trade fungibly with the existing notes. The Notes will mature and will be repaid at par on December 5, 2035. Interest on the Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears in U.S. Dollars on June 5 and December 5 of each year, commencing on December 5, 2006, at a rate of 6.625% per annum, accruing from June 5, 2006. -
“The Social Cut of Black and Yellow Female Hip Hop” Erick Raven
“The Social Cut of Black and Yellow Female Hip Hop” Erick Raven University of Texas at Arlington May 2020 Abstract Korean female hip hop artists are expanding the definition of femininity in South Korea through hip hop. In doing so, they are following a tradition first established by Black female musical performers in a new context. Korean artists are conceiving and expressing, through rap and dance, alternative versions of a “Korean woman,” thus challenging and attempting to add to the dominant conceptions of “woman.” This Thesis seeks to point out the ways female Korean hip hop artists are engaging dominant discourse regarding skin tone, body type, and expression of female sexuality, and creating spaces for the development of new discourses about gender in South Korean society. Contents Introduction – Into the Cut ................................................ 1 Chapter I – Yoon Mi-rae and Negotiating the West and East of Colorism ............................................................. 12 Chapter II – The Performing Black and Yellow Female Body ................................................................................ 31 Chapter III – Performing Sexuality ................................. 47 Chapter IV – Dis-Orientation .......................................... 59 Conclusion .................................................................... 67 Works Cited .................................................................... 70 Introduction – Into the Cut Identities are performed discourse; they are formed when those who identify as a particular personality perform and establish a discourse in a particular social context. As George Lipsitz states, “improvisation is a site of encounter” (61). In South Korea, female Korean hip hop is the site of a social cut in dominant culture and has become a space of improvisation where new, counter-hegemonic identities are constructed and performed. In this Thesis, I argue that Korean female hip hop artists are enacting a social rupture by performing improvised identities. -
Barbados Economic and Social Report 2013
2 0 1 1 BARBADOS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REPORT 2013 Barbados Economic and Social Report 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 2 I. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................... 5 II. REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 9 III. THE BARBADOS ECONOMY .................................................................................................... 15 A. The Real Sector 15 B. Balance Of Payments 16 C. Fiscal Developments and Public Finances 19 D. Money, Banking And Capital Markets 23 E. Employment, Inflation And Labour Market 30 F. Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP) 37 G. Official Development Assistance 38 IV. SECTORAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................... 50 A. Agriculture And Fisheries 50 B. Industry And Manufacturing 57 C. Tourism 66 D. Construction 70 E. International Financial and Business Services 71 F. Energy And Utilities 73 G. Commerce And Consumer Affairs 77 H. Small Business Development 79 I. Science And Technology 80 V. SOCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................... 81 A. Education And Training 81 B. Population 88 C. Health 89 D. Social Services 103 E. Environment 123 F. Law And Order 142 VI. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR 2014 ........................................................................................