1 Introduction: Mapping the Terrain

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 Introduction: Mapping the Terrain Notes 1 Introduction: Mapping the Terrain 1 For example, a recent sampling of newspaper headlines in Barbados include, ‘Men Fear Female Strides’, Barbados Advocate (30 June 1998): 2; ‘Men In Danger: Two Politicians Have Say on Gender Roles’, Barbados Advocate (25 September, 1998): 8; ‘Caribbean Boys In Crisis’, Sunday Sun (20 September, 1998): 14A; ‘Female Edge: Men Wasting Crucial Time’, Barbados Advocate (1 January, 1999): 8; ‘Concern For Boys: Single Sex Schools May Be Better, Says [Prime Minister] Arthur’, Daily Nation (24 June, 1999): 2; ‘PM: Schools Need Proper Male Figures’, Barbados Advocate (24 June, 1999): 4; ‘Women Taking Over’, Sunday Sun (17 August, 1997): 7A; ‘Males Crippled By Slavery’, Barbados Advocate (24 February, 1998): 7; ‘Men Say Law Courts Favour Women’, Barbados Advocate (17 February, 1998): 7. 2 Until recently, these were the only countries of the Caribbean Common Market, forming CARICOM. In 1998 Suriname was admitted to member- ship and Haiti in July 1999. They do not form part of this analysis. 3 With brief experiments with alternatives or modifications of the standard approach by Jamaica in the 1970s, Grenada 1979–83, and corrupted state intrusions by Guyana throughout the 1970s to 1985 when President Forbes Burnham died (Griffith 1997a; Emmanuel et al. 1986; Manley 1982). 4 With one woman of the ten a nineteenth-century religious leader. 5 Horatio Nelson is the nineteenth-century British naval hero whom the nineteenth-century, white, Barbadian Plantocracy regarded as saving them from French conquest. Some black Barbadians say he is not a hero and since their ancestors were enslaved at the time it did not matter whether Barbados was conquered by the French or remained a British colony. 6 The arguments of the ‘male marginalization thesis’ are now an article of faith in the Caribbean. In several Caribbean countries public commenta- tors are recommending the closure of women’s bureaux and the end of programs that focus on women. 7 Linda Carty’s study of women in senior administrative and academic positions in the University of the West Indies is a rare exception to this trend. It is the first study to examine unequal gender relations in higher education in the Anglophone Caribbean (Carty 1988). 8 This is an area that requires further attention. Many Caribbean women continue to provide reproductive and nurturing services for their adult, single children as a responsibility. This then becomes part of the myth of the wonderful mother, while the exploitative and dependency aspects of this are ignored. 179 180 Notes 2 Theorizing the State and Gender Systems in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean 01 ‘Fourth Boy: My father don’t live in the same house. … My father could- n’t hit me cause he don’t support me. An’ that’s why I alright. … First Boy: Mothers stupid, that’s why most of us without fathers. P’raps it’s because mothers stupid that fathers don’t turn up sometimes to see what’s happening. … I don’t see much of my father, but my second brother father is good. … How many fathers you got in yuh family?’ (Lamming 1986: 38–9). 02 The first line of the novel reads ‘… my mother put her head through the window to let the neighbour know I was nine’ (Lamming 1986: 1). 03 These are Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago 1962; Guyana and Barbados 1966; Grenada 1973; St Lucia and Dominica 1978; St Vincent and the Grenadines 1979; Antigua and Barbuda and Belize 1981; Bahamas 1973; St Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis 1983. Suriname became a member of CARICOM in 1998 and Haiti was admitted to membership in July 1999. The analysis focuses on the Anglophone Caribbean. 04 These territories are Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands. 05 Actually the words of the Barbados Constitution, Constitution of Barbados, schedule to the Barbados Independence Act (Bridgetown: Government Printing Office, 1966). 06 Most of the ideas and arguments presented in this section are condensed from my article, ‘Theorizing Gender Systems and the Project of Modernity in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean, Feminist Review, 59 (Summer 1998): 186–210. 07 See Chapter 4 for a full discussion of this. 08 Hawkesworth identifies the authors and texts that contribute to the different types of gender analysis, see Hawkesworth 1997: 650. 09 The arguments presented here are summarized from pp. 443–5 of my article, ‘Liberal Ideology and Contradictions in Caribbean Gender Systems’, see Barriteau 1998a. 10 The Caribbean has one of the highest ratios in the world of female headed households. In 1992, Jamaica, Barbados, Grenada and St Kitts- Nevis had 40 per cent or greater of female headed households. Of the remaining countries, six had female headship of 30 per cent or greater (Mondesire and Dunn 1995: 47). This is a phenomenon dating back to the post-emancipation, nineteenth-century Caribbean and exacerbated in the early twentieth century by broad waves of migration as Caribbean men sought jobs in Panama, the United States, Great Britain and Canada to support themselves and their families. 11 Liberalism’s construct of women as non-rational beings, the postmod- ernist feminist deconstruction of the concept of rationality, and its recurring theme in the Caribbean’s social, economic and political land- scape, prove problematic for Caribbean women. Notes 181 3 Women and Gender Relations in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean 1 I do not suggest that men do not suffer economic disadvantages. We need research to expose how developments in the national and the global political economy, coupled with men’s gender identities and their roles in divisions of labor, can also create vulnerabilities for specific groups of men (see Razavi 1999: 415). 2 The research project was proposed as Male Under-Achievement in the Regional Educational System. CGDS changed the title of the proposed research to reflect the fact that we do not yet know if boys and men are under-achieving or, indeed, all the issues and variables to be uncovered by this research. 3 Jamaican women had a limited franchise based on property qualifications in 1919. Women had the right to vote and to stand for elections in St Lucia in 1924, in Jamaica in 1944 and Trinidad and Tobago in 1946. Women gained universal adult suffrage in the majority of British Caribbean colonies in the 1950s starting with Barbados in 1950. The Bahamas was last in 1961 with all restrictions to political participation removed in 1964. (See Inter-parliamentary Union 1997: 28; Henry-Wilson 1989). 4 This is borne out in Table 1.1, Chapter 1. 4 Constructing Gender Containing Women: Promoting Gender Equity in Caribbean States 1 Information obtained during a field visit to Tortola, British Virgin Islands, March 8–13th, 1999. 2 In Chapter 5 I explore how women have always been incorporated in development planning by outlining the strategies pursued by successive Barbadian governments in doing so. 3 At the famous 1976 Women in Development Conference at Wellesley University, Massachusetts, scholars, senior university and government officials from the South were horrified to find out they had been invited to hear misinformed research presentations on women in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean with no opportunity for them to counter what was offered. According to Joycelin Massiah this experience gave birth to the WICP project, at the UWI, to prevent the ongoing dis- tortions of the lives of Caribbean women (Massiah 7 September 1999). 4 No case is being made for academic altruism. If it exists at all it is a by- product. Careers have been built and scholastic dynasties founded in the WID field by both Northern Atlantic experts and southern scholars, primar- ily but not exclusively located in northern countries (see Barriteau 1986). 5 Gender as an analytical framework was not established at the beginning of the WID field. However, the criticisms should be noted since the 182 Notes programs and policies linger in the South long after they have been aban- doned in the North. 5 Gender Systems in an Independent Caribbean State: the Barbadian Case 1 I do not deny the contributions of this school. However, I maintain that government planners focus on specific contributions which they want from women. 2 The plans examined were produced between 1960 and 1993. They cov- ered the periods: 1960–65; 1962–65; 1965–68; 1968–72; 1973–77; 1979–83; 1983–88; 1989–93 and 1993–2000. 3 There is an ironic shift that occurs when the BLP succeeds the DLP in forming the government. The DLP paid no specific attention to women in their development plans. However, this government introduced and maintained the post-colonial welfare state over a fifteen-year period. The welfare state has provided many benefits for women but in narrowly defined roles as mothers and dependent clients. The BLP was the first government to plan systematically for women, but it also began the process of dismantling the welfare state. None of these two governments recognized asymmetric relations of gender. 4 For a fuller treatment of this see Hanniff 1987; Errol Barrow was the founder and leader of the DLP. He was Premier and Prime Minister of Barbados from 1961 to 1976, and from 1986 to 1987. 5 However, the Barbados Progressive League, the forerunner of the BLP, advocated egalitarian measures in its 1944 manifesto. It advocated the appointment of women to the colonial hospital board, and the provision of special university scholarships for girls. (see the Barbados Progressive League 1944). 6 These reforms were introduced over a nine-year period. 7 In 1970 47.5 per cent of all households were headed by women, in 1990 it was 45 per cent.
Recommended publications
  • RESTRICTED WT/TPR/W/76 10 February
    RESTRICTED WT/TPR/W/76 10 February 2015 (15-0841) Page: 1/35 Trade Policy Review Body BARBADOS DRAFT MINUTES OF THE MEETING* HELD ON 27 AND 29 JANUARY 2015 Delegations are invited to submit factual corrections, if any, on their own statement to the Secretariat (Mrs Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], or to [email protected]) no later than 24 February 2015. Organe d'examen des politiques commerciales BARBADE PROJET DE COMPTE RENDU DE LA RÉUNION* TENUE LES 27 ET 29 JANVIER 2015 Les délégations sont invitées à soumettre leurs éventuelles corrections factuelles concernant leurs propres déclarations au Secrétariat (Mme Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], ou [email protected]) le 24 février 2015 au plus tard. Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales BARBADOS PROYECTO DE ACTA DE LA REUNIÓN* CELEBRADA LOS DÍAS 27 Y 29 DE ENERO DE 2015 Las delegaciones pueden enviar a la Secretaría (Sra. Barbara Blanquart: [email protected], o [email protected]) a más tardar el 24 de febrero de 2015 las correcciones fácticas que deseen introducir en sus propias declaraciones. _______________ *In Original language only/En langue originale seulement/En el idioma original solamente. WT/TPR/W/76 • Barbados - 2 - TRADE POLICY REVIEW BARBADOS DRAFT MINUTES OF THE MEETING Chairperson: H.E. Mrs. Mariam MD Salleh CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ....................................................... 3 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BARBADOS .................................. 5 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ................................................................................ 8 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ........................................................................................ 12 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF BARBADOS AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 30 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Working Document Series Caribbean Regional
    WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES CARIBBEAN REGIONAL Rural Development Division Bureau for Latin America and th2 Caribbean Agency for International Development GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT #1 A PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION* *Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Domi­ nica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts­ Nevis-(Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vin­ cent, Turks and Caicos Islands Clarence Zuvekas, Jr. Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of Agriculture September 1978 This document does not bear the approval (nor imply such) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the United States Agency for International Development, or any of their offices. In view of its nature as a working paper, it should not be quoted w-thouz permission of the originating office. Any comments wouid be appreci­ ter,, and can be addressea to the author at: 4112 Auditors Ruiiding i4:n & Independence Avenue, S.W. Washing-on, D.C. 20250 PREFACE Under the terms of USDA Contract No. 12-17-07-5-2173, the author has prepared a bibliography on agricultural development in the Caribbean Region, defined operationally by U.S. AID as comprising the smaller English­ speaking states in the Caribbean, viz.: Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts­ began in October 1977 and continued intermittantly, both in the field and in Washington, D.C., until September 1978. I am indebted to a large number of individuals for giving me access to both published and unpublished studies in the libraries of their respective organizations. The author is quick to point out that this bibliography, though quite lengthy, is not complete.
    [Show full text]
  • The Value of Nature in the Caribbean Netherlands
    The Economics of Ecosystems The value of nature and Biodiversity in the Caribbean Netherlands in the Caribbean Netherlands 2 Total Economic Value in the Caribbean Netherlands The value of nature in the Caribbean Netherlands The Challenge Healthy ecosystems such as the forests on the hillsides of the Quill on St Eustatius and Saba’s Mt Scenery or the corals reefs of Bonaire are critical to the society of the Caribbean Netherlands. In the last decades, various local and global developments have resulted in serious threats to these fragile ecosystems, thereby jeopardizing the foundations of the islands’ economies. To make well-founded decisions that protect the natural environment on these beautiful tropical islands against the looming threats, it is crucial to understand how nature contributes to the economy and wellbeing in the Caribbean Netherlands. This study aims to determine the economic value and the societal importance of the main ecosystem services provided by the natural capital of Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba. The challenge of this project is to deliver insights that support decision-makers in the long-term management of the islands’ economies and natural environment. Overview Caribbean Netherlands The Caribbean Netherlands consist of three islands, Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba all located in the Caribbean Sea. Since 2010 each island is part of the Netherlands as a public entity. Bonaire is the largest island with 16,000 permanent residents, while only 4,000 people live in St Eustatius and approximately 2,000 in Saba. The total population of the Caribbean Netherlands is 22,000. All three islands are surrounded by living coral reefs and therefore attract many divers and snorkelers.
    [Show full text]
  • Barbados' Debt Crisis: the Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism
    University at Albany, State University of New York Scholars Archive Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program Studies 2019 Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism Noel Chase University at Albany, State University of New York, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_honors Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Chase, Noel, "Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism" (2019). Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program. 4. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_honors/4 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies at Scholars Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Honors Program by an authorized administrator of Scholars Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Barbados’ Debt Crisis: The Effects of Colonialism and Neoliberalism Faculty Sponsor Address: [email protected] | University at Albany Social Science 250 1400 Washington Avenue Albany, NY 12222 Undergraduate Author Address: [email protected] | 159 E 88th St Brooklyn, NY 11236 1 This research project explains the correlation between the tourism sector and Barbados’s cycle of debt. Barbados has continuously incurred debt, from international financing institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, since its independence from Great Britain in 1966. As of 2017, the estimated national debt of Barbados is $7.92 billion (USD).1 Sir Hillary Beckles, Michael Howard, and other economic experts and professors at the University of the West Indies, believe the country has gone into debt for a variety of different reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Gender in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean
    The Political Economy of Gender in the Twentieth-Century Caribbean Eudine Barriteau International Political Economy Series General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and International Development Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Titles include: Leslie Elliott Armijo (editor) FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND DEMOCRACY IN EMERGING MARKETS Eudine Barriteau THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GENDER IN THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY CARIBBEAN Gabriel G. Casaburi DYNAMIC AGROINDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS The Political Economy of Competitive Sectors in Argentina and Chile Matt Davies INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND MASS COMMUNICATION IN CHILE National Intellectuals and Transnational Hegemony Yvon Grenier THE EMERGENCE OF INSURGENCY IN EL SALVADOR Ideology and Political Will Ivelaw L. Griffith (editor) THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DRUGS IN THE CARIBBEAN Jerry Haar and Anthony T. Bryan (editors) CANADIAN–CARIBBEAN RELATIONS IN TRANSITION Trade, Sustainable Development and Security Tricia Juhn NEGOTIATING PEACE IN EL SALVADOR Civil–Military Relations and the Conspiracy to End the War R. Lipsey and P. Meller (editors) WESTERN HEMISPHERE TRADE INTEGRATION A Canadian–Latin American Dialogue Don Marshall CARIBBEAN POLITICAL ECONOMY AT THE CROSSROADS NAFTA and Regional Developmentalism Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon (editors) ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY The Latin American Experience Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras and Steve Vieux NEOLIBERALISM AND CLASS CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA A Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN LATIN AMERICA International Political Economy Series Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71708–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
    [Show full text]
  • The National Strategic Plan of Barbados 2005-2025
    THE NATIONAL ANTHEM In plenty and in time of need When this fair land was young Our brave forefathers sowed the seed From which our pride is sprung, A pride that makes no wanton boast Of what it has withstood That binds our hearts from coast to coast - The pride of nationhood. Chorus: We loyal sons and daughters all Do hereby make it known These fields and hills beyond recall Are now our very own. We write our names on history’s page With expectations great, Strict guardians of our heritage, Firm craftsmen of our fate. The Lord has been the people’s guide For past three hundred years. With him still on the people’s side We have no doubts or fears. Upward and onward we shall go, Inspired, exulting, free, And greater will our nation grow In strength and unity. 1 1 The National Heroes of Barbados Bussa Sarah Ann Gill Samuel Jackman Prescod Can we invoke the courage and wisdom that inspired and guided our forefathers in order to undertake Charles Duncan O’neal the most unprecedented Clement Osbourne Payne and historic transformation in our economic, social and physical landscape since independence in Sir Hugh Springer 1966? Errol Walton Barrow Sir Frank Walcott Sir Garfield Sobers Sir Grantley Adams 2 PREPARED BY THE RESEARCH AND PLANNING UNIT ECONOMIC AFFAIRS DIVISION MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT HEADQUARTERS BAY STREET, ST. MICHAEL, BARBADOS TELEPHONE: (246) 436-6435 FAX: (246) 228-9330 E-MAIL: [email protected] JUNE, 2005 33 THE NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN OF BARBADOS 2005-2025 FOREWORD The forces of change unleashed by globalisation and the uncertainties of international politics today make it imperative for all countries to plan strategically for their future.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Statement
    GOVERNMENT OF BARBADOS FINANCIAL STATEMENT AND BUDGETARY PROPOSALS 2011 PRESENTED BY HON. CHRISTOPHER P. SINCKLER MINISTER OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS Tuesday 16th August, 2011 1 Mr. Speaker Sir, it is with a chastened outlook yet calmed assurance that I rise to deliver to this Honourable House the Financial Statement and Budgetary Proposal for 2011. I am chastened Sir, not only by the enormity of the task that confronts me as Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, as it does indeed the entire Government and people of Barbados, but equally as well by the massive responsibility which has been imposed on us to safely navigate our country through this most challenging period of the country’s history. Lesser men and women would have shirked from this responsibility in favour of more certain waters and a less contentious atmosphere. Surely at times Mr. Speaker, my own human frailty has led me, as I am sure it has led many others across this country, in moments of weakness to ask: why me? But for those of us on whom God Almighty has vested the burden of leadership in trying times, it is expected that we do as the Apostle Paul instructed the early Christians in his letter to the Corinthians and I quote: “Keep alert, stand Firm in your faith, be courageous, be strong” That is why for my own part, as I walk this treacherous path of uncertain economic times, I do so with a resilience to do what is mine to do. For I know that my strength also comes from the certainty that I am not walking this path alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Barbados
    OFFERING CIRCULAR Government of Barbados US$65,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 Fully fungible and forming a single issue with the Government's US$125,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 The US$65,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Notes due 2035 (the “Notes”) of the Government of Barbados (the “Government” or, unless the context otherwise requires, “Barbados”) offered by this offering circular are a further issuance of the Government’s US$125,000,000 6.625% Notes due 2035 originally issued on December 5, 2005 (the “existing notes”) and will be consolidated with, and form a single series with, such notes producing a series with an aggregate principal amount of US$190,000,000. The notes offered hereby and represented by an Unrestricted Global Note will have separate temporary CUSIP and ISIN numbers from the existing notes represented by an Unrestricted Global Note for 40 days from the issue date of the notes offered hereby, and, therefore, will not trade fungibly with the existing notes for the first 40 days after this issue date. Thereafter, the notes offered hereby and represented by an Unrestricted Global Note Certificate will trade under the same CUSIP and ISIN numbers as the existing notes represented by an Unrestricted Global Note Certificate and will trade fungibly with the existing notes. The Notes will mature and will be repaid at par on December 5, 2035. Interest on the Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears in U.S. Dollars on June 5 and December 5 of each year, commencing on December 5, 2006, at a rate of 6.625% per annum, accruing from June 5, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industries of the Islands of the Caribbean in 2012
    2012 Minerals Yearbook ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN U.S. Department of the Interior February 2015 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN ARUBA, CUBA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, JAMAICA, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, AND OTHER ISLANDS By Susan Wacaster The economies of the island nations of the Caribbean vary in ElUniversal.com, 2012, PetroChina seeks to buy Aruba refinery to facilitate terms of their magnitude and resiliency, but all are sensitive to deals with Pdvsa: ElUniversal.com, May 10. (Accessed May 14, 2013, at http://www.eluniversal.com/economia/120510/petrochina-seeks-to-buy- the economic variability and economic projections of relatively aruba-refinery-to-facilitate-deals-with-pdvsa.) more advanced economies. According to the Economic Reuters, 2012, UPDATE 2—Valero to convert Aruba refinery to product Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), terminal: Thomson Reuters, September 3. (Accessed October 14, 2012, at the economies of the Caribbean region as a whole grew by http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/04/refinery-operations-valero-aruba- idUSL2E8K30XA20120904.) 3.2% in 2012 compared with the overall growth rate in 2011. Selected countries of the Caribbean that were identified in the analysis included Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, CUBA Dominica, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincente and the Grenadines, and Trinidad & Tobago. The economies In 2012, Cuba was estimated to be the world’s sixth-ranked of the Caribbean remained sluggish as such globally economic producer of cobalt (as a byproduct of nickel processing) and the problems as the continued financial crisis in the euro area, ninth-ranked producer of nickel.
    [Show full text]
  • Barbados Economic and Social Report 2013
    2 0 1 1 BARBADOS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REPORT 2013 Barbados Economic and Social Report 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 2 I. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................... 5 II. REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 9 III. THE BARBADOS ECONOMY .................................................................................................... 15 A. The Real Sector 15 B. Balance Of Payments 16 C. Fiscal Developments and Public Finances 19 D. Money, Banking And Capital Markets 23 E. Employment, Inflation And Labour Market 30 F. Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP) 37 G. Official Development Assistance 38 IV. SECTORAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................... 50 A. Agriculture And Fisheries 50 B. Industry And Manufacturing 57 C. Tourism 66 D. Construction 70 E. International Financial and Business Services 71 F. Energy And Utilities 73 G. Commerce And Consumer Affairs 77 H. Small Business Development 79 I. Science And Technology 80 V. SOCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................... 81 A. Education And Training 81 B. Population 88 C. Health 89 D. Social Services 103 E. Environment 123 F. Law And Order 142 VI. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR 2014 ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 11, ____ Labour Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry: a Different Lesson in the Sustainability of Small and Island States
    ____11, ____ Labour Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry: a Different Lesson in the Sustainability of Small and Island States Godfrey Baldacchino Smallness and its consequences are generally understood to have implica­ tions on various features of the small social universe. My intention is to extend this concern to the sphere of human resource management. I therefore propose an investigation into how the condition of smallness has implica­ tions for relationships between people, particularly between manager and managed at work. The chapter will draw on select comparative interview material relating to the issue of recruitment. The empirical fieldwork from where the material is culled was carried out by the author in two large luxury hotels, one in Malta and one in Barbados. The account and analysis suggest how the dynamics between managers and employees in the hospitality industry of developing micro-states may illustrate the idiosyncratic cluster of opportunities and limitations of operating in such a small-size and small-scale environment. The compendium of obstacles and opportunities that seem to have a bearing on the labour-management relationship bear witness to an environ­ mental wisdom, an attitudinal pattern inspired also by what the small-scale social environment has to offer. In this sense, one can propose a different and insightful perspective to sustainability concerning labour relations and human resource management in small-scale settings. The result is somewhat removed from the deterministic implications of globalization and homogeni­ zation current in much of the literahlre concerning tourism in micro­ territories. Labour Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry 161 Sustainability Sustainable development - that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - is a particular challenge for small and island states.
    [Show full text]
  • I 4 ) the CARIBBEAN QUEST: 2 O J DIRECTIONS for the REFORM PROCESS 25-26 June 1997 Port-Of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
    INT-1762 íI 4 ) THE CARIBBEAN QUEST: 2 O j DIRECTIONS FOR THE REFORM PROCESS 25-26 June 1997 Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago INFORMATION PAPER United Nations Economic Commission for Latín America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) i i i < i i THE CARIBBEAN QUEST: DIRECTIONS FOR THE REFORM PROCESS Rationale for the conference The pace of political and economic change is accelerating rapidly, globally and within the Caribbean región. The early reform process of the 1980s and 1990s is now being deepened and widened and will give rise to a 'second wave' in public policy management. New solutions are being formulated to meet the rising challenges in the business of development and changes in the political economy of Caribbean societies. In times of great change, leaders need an understanding of the current situation, a clear visión of the future, and the ability to think strategically, negotiate effectively, and consider long-term consequences of particular courses of action. Policy makers and government managers need the technical skills to promote policy change and the resolve to see it happen, while executives of public interest organizations need to be knowledgeable about policy choices and adopt innovative approaches in response to paradigm shifts in social and economic thinking, and create institutions and instruments for the governance process. The "imperatives of adjustment" provided the policy rationale for the 1980s and 90s. The manifestation of present and fiiture objectives requires the development of a strategic programme of action to ensure that the external and internal components of economic development strategies can be integrated into a continuing platform for change.
    [Show full text]