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Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan: Buriram

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Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan: Buriram TA-8566 REG: Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan Buriram NovemberOctob 2015er 2016 Integrated SWM Plan Disclaimers This Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan shall not constitute the basis of any contract which may be concluded for the exchange of notes. The recipient must rely on its own enquiries and on the terms and conditions contained in any agreement, when and if finally executed, subject to such limitations or restrictions as may be specified therein. AECOM will devote normal professional efforts compatible with the time and budget available in performing the Services. AECOM's findings represent its reasonable judgments within the time and budget context of its commission and utilising the information available to it at the time of performing the Services. AECOM are making projections/recommendations based upon limited information that has been made available to them; such projections/recommendations are subject to many factors that are beyond the control of AECOM; and AECOM thus make no representations or warranties with respect to such projections/recommendations and disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy of any estimates, projections and recommendations. Any opinion expressed by AECOM concerning the revenue, capex and opex is based on the generally accepted engineering practice in effect at the time of the assignment and information that has been supplied to AECOM by the Client and others in connection with the assignment. Any indication of cost would be in the form of an ‘order of magnitude estimate’, which should only be considered as an early indication of cost and in no case be considered as the actual costs. Such opinions are subject to risks and uncertainties that are beyond the control of AECOM. The passage of time may result in changes in technology, economic & market conditions, competitive factors, site variations, new products, company’s policy or regulatory provisions which would render the opinions inaccurate. Thus AECOM makes no representations or warranties with respect to such opinion or recommendation and disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any opinion or estimates. TA-8566 REG: Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia Page i | Integrated SWM Plan Contents Executive Summary ixii 1. Introduction 1 1.1. What is an ISWM Plan 1 1.2. Development Context for an ISWM Plan 2 1.3. Implementation Arrangements for the ISWM Plan 5 2. ISWM Plan Background 6 2.1. Overview of Solid Waste Management Locally 6 2.1.1. Waste management at source 6 2.1.2. Waste collection management 6 2.1.3. Final disposal management 6 2.2. Legislative Environment 7 2.2.1. National 7 2.2.2. Provincial 8 2.2.3. Municipal 8 2.3. Institutional Environment 8 2.4. Previous Studies and Investigations 9 2.5. Proposed Guiding Framework 9 3. City/Municipal Profile 11 3.1. Historical Background 11 3.2. Geographical Location and Boundaries 11 3.3. Population 11 3.4. Land Area and Topography 12 3.5. Climate 12 3.6. Current Disposal Site Soils and Hydrogeology Details 12 4. Waste Audits and Load Determination 13 4.1. Introduction 13 4.2. Previous Waste Audits 13 4.3. Waste Audit Results 14 4.4. Volume Determinations 14 4.5. Density Determinations 14 4.6. Mass Loads 14 4.7. Waste Components 15 4.8. Discussion of Results 15 4.8.1. Paper and Cardboard 15 4.8.2. Glass 16 4.8.3. Plastic Bags 16 4.8.4. Other Plastic Containers 17 4.8.5. Aluminium 18 4.8.6. Other Metals 18 4.8.7. Food Waste 18 TA-8566 REG: Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia Page ii | Integrated SWM Plan 4.8.8. Greenwaste 19 4.8.9. Builders and Demolition Waste 19 4.8.10. Timber 19 4.8.11. Fabric and Leather 19 4.8.12. Soil and Dirt 19 4.8.13. Household Hazardous Waste 20 4.8.14. Miscellaneous 20 4.9. Detailed Comparison with other Waste Audits 20 5. Legal Environment for 3Rs 22 5.1. Mandatory Solid Waste Diversion 22 5.2. Timetable for Mandatory Solid Waste Diversion 23 5.3. Plans to Exceed Mandatory Diversion Target 24 6. Waste Minimisation Approach 25 6.1. Integrated Resource Recovery (IRR) 25 6.2. Legislation 25 6.2.1. Container Deposit Legislation (CDL) 25 6.2.2. Packaging and Plastic Bag Legislation 26 6.2.3. Prohibition of Non-Environmentally Acceptable Packaging 26 6.3. Education 27 6.4. Landfill Scavengers 27 6.5. Pricing 27 6.5.1. “Pay as You Throw” Charging Policy 28 6.6. Household Hazardous Waste Management 29 6.7. Special Wastes 30 7. Approach to Recycling 31 7.1. Introduction 31 7.2. Background 31 7.2.1. Evaluation of Existing Programs 31 7.2.2. Junk Shops and Pricing 31 7.2.3. NGO’s 33 7.3. Issues Limiting Recycling 33 7.3.1. Categories of Recyclable Wastes for Diversion 33 7.3.2. New and Expanded Recycling Facilities 33 7.3.3. Demand for Products Containing Recovered Materials 33 7.4. Specific Waste Types 34 7.5. Adopted Approach 34 7.5.1. Overview 34 7.5.2. Recycling Program 35 7.5.3. Implementation Schedule 36 8. Organics Composting 37 8.1. Introduction 37 8.2. Suitable Materials for Composting 37 TA-8566 REG: Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia Page iii | Integrated SWM Plan 8.3. Greenwaste 37 8.4. Food waste 38 8.5. Composting Scale Options 39 8.5.1. Domestic Scale 39 8.5.2. Neighbourhood 39 8.5.3. Large Scale Composting/Mulching 40 8.6. Market Development Activities 41 8.7. Alternative Biodegradation Schemes 42 8.8. Summary 42 8.9. Adopted Approach 43 9. Population Projections and Waste Generation 44 9.1. Background 44 9.2. Waste Generation Allowance 44 9.3. Collection Allowance 44 9.4. Recycling Allowances 45 9.5. Soil Cover Allowance 45 9.6. Compaction Allowance 46 9.7. Waste settlement 46 9.8. Airspace Consumption 46 10. Development and Evaluation of Collection Alternatives 49 10.1. Background 49 10.2. Collection System Planning 49 10.3. Household/commercial production, storage and collection 50 10.4. Primary waste collection 50 10.4.1. Adopted Primary Waste Collection System 54 10.5. Secondary collection 54 10.5.1. Adopted Secondary Waste Collection System 56 11. Review of Waste Processing and Disposal Options 57 11.1. Incineration 57 11.2. Pit Burners 57 11.3. Baling 58 11.4. Composting 58 11.5. “Zero Waste” Integrated Approach 58 11.6. International Comparisons 59 11.7. Summary 60 12. Waste to Energy 61 12.1. Technology Review 61 12.1.1. Moving Grate Incineration 61 12.1.2. Fluidised Bed Incineration 63 12.1.3. Rotary Kiln Incineration 65 12.1.4. Gasification 67 12.1.5. Plasma Gasification 69 TA-8566 REG: Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia Page iv | Integrated SWM Plan 12.1.6. Pyrolysis 71 12.1.7. Refuse Derived Fuel for Cement Kiln 73 12.2. Comparative Summary of Selected Thermal WTE Technologies 75 12.3. Engineering and Economic Factors 76 12.3.1. Flexibility in Waste Composition 76 12.3.2. Electricity Production Efficiency 76 12.3.3. Reliability and Track Record 76 12.3.4. Land Requirements and System Complexity 76 12.3.5. Capital and Operating Costs 77 12.4. Environmental Factors 78 12.4.1. Air Emissions 78 12.5. Technology Recommendation and Implementation Schedule 79 12.5.1. Technology Recommended 79 12.5.2. Next Step 80 13. Review of Current Disposal Site 83 13.1. Background 83 13.2. Site overview and Surrounds 84 13.3. Hydrogeology 84 13.4. Site design and operations 84 13.5. Leachate treatment and disposal 85 13.6. Site capacity 85 13.7. Site equipment and soil cover requirements 86 13.8. Summary of operation 86 13.9. Remediation Priorities 86 13.10. Inert Waste 87 13.11. Contemporary Waste 88 13.12. Parallel Operating Period 88 14. Appropriate Standard for a Waste Disposal Facility 89 15. Future Controlled Landfill Development 92 15.1. Introduction 92 15.2. Site selection 92 15.3. Landfill Configuration 93 15.3.1. Initial Stage 93 15.3.2. Subsequent stages 93 15.4. Landfill Gas 94 15.5. Surface Water Management 95 15.6. Leachate Management 95 15.7. Maximising Landfill Capacity 97 15.8. Site equipment 97 15.9. Summary 98 16. Management of Specific Waste Types 99 16.1. Summary of Waste Categories 99 16.2. Acceptable Wastes (General) 99 TA-8566 REG: Mainstreaming Integrated Solid Waste Management in Asia Page v | Integrated SWM Plan 16.3. Difficult Wastes (but always Acceptable) 99 16.4. Special Wastes (sometimes Acceptable) 100 16.5. Prohibited Wastes 100 16.6. Pathogenic and Medical Waste 101 16.7. Household Hazardous Waste 102 17. Climate Change Issues 103 18. Privatisation Opportunities 106 18.1. Background 106 18.2. Value for Money Concept 106 18.3. Modality Options for Privatisation 107 18.3.1. Background 107 18.3.2. Service Contracts 108 18.3.3. Management Contracts 109 18.3.4. Lease Contracts 109 18.3.5. Concession Contracts 109 18.3.6. Build Operate Transfer (BOT) contracts 109 18.3.7. Private Sale 109 18.4. Summary Table of Options 110 18.5. Suitable Aspects for Privatisation Locally 111 18.5.1. Waste Segregation and Recovery 111 18.5.2. Collection 111 18.5.3. Recycling/Composting 111 18.5.4. Disposal 111 18.6. Adopted Approach 111 19. Information, Education and Communication Campaign 112 19.1.
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