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Okbehlh LER Voshell, Jr., Ch Rman [Ik MSE Lol
ECOLOGY OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN EXPERIMENTAL PONDS by Van D. Christman Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Entomology APPROVED: Okbehlh LER Voshell, Jr., Ch rman [ik MSE LoL. ~ AL Buikema, Jy. RL. Pienkowski Sd. Weshe D0 Oder L. A. Helfrich D.G. Cochran September 1991 Blacksburg, Virginia Zw 5655V8 5 1IG/ CE ECOLOGY OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN EXPERIMENTAL PONDS by Van D. Christman Committee Chairman: J. Reese Voshell, Jr. Entomology ( ABSTRACT) I studied life history parameters of 5 taxa of aquatic insects in the orders Ephemeroptera and Odonata, successional patterns over 2 years of pond development, and precision of 15 biological metrics ina series of 6 replicate experimental ponds from March 1989 to April 1990. I determined voltinism, emergence patterns, larval growth rates and annual production for Caenis amica (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae), Callibaetis floridanus (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), Anax junius (Odonata: Aeshnidae), Gomphus exilis (Odonata: Gomphidae), and Enallagma civile (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Growth rates ranged from 0.011 to 0.025 mg DW/d for Ephemeroptera and from 0.012 to 0.061 mg DW/d for Odonata. Annual production ranged from 5 to 11 mg DW/sampler/yr for Ephemeroptera and from 10 to 673 mg DW/sampler/yr for Odonata. Comparison of the benthic macroinvertebrate community at the end of year 1 to the benthic macroinvertebrate community at the end of year 2 showed no significant differences for community summary measures (total density, taxa richness, diversity, Bray-Curtis similarity index); however, some individual taxa densities were significantly lower at the end of year 2. -
Effects of Amphibian Declines on Trophic Interactions in Algal
EFFECTS OF AMPHIBIAN DECLINES ON TROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN ALGAL- INSECT NEOTROPICAL STREAM COMMUNITIES by THOMAS ROSSITER BARNUM (Under the Direction of Catherine M. Pringle) ABSTRACT Understanding the effects of biodiversity declines on communities and ecosystems is one of the current grand challenges in ecology. Much research has been devoted to quantifying the effects of species loss from primary producer communities and multi-trophic communities in mesocosms, but less is known about the effects of species loss from food webs from multi- trophic communities. Studies that quantify species loss from multi-trophic communities in the field rely on observational data of populations to infer changes in the interactions between species. However, there is a lack of field data that uses direct observations of species interactions to quantify the effects of species loss on multi-trophic communities. This collection of studies utilizes stable isotopes as well as gut analyses combined with population data to quantify the effects of amphibian declines in highland Panamanian streams on food web structure of an insect-algal community. Results showed that the loss of amphibians can result in changes of resource use by grazing insect genera, but not necessarily lead to changes in their abundance. Furthermore, amphibians had a role in structuring the diatom community that grazing insects could not duplicate, providing insight for why grazing insects did not functionally compensate for grazing tadpoles. Lastly, structure of the whole food web was more resilient to species loss than expected based on models that assume fixed trophic linkages due to a reorganization of the food web, which was driven by shifting resource use and the presence of generalist consumers that immigrated into the community following amphibian declines. -
Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4. -
Butterflies of North America
Insects of Western North America 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America. 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa by Boris C. Kondratieff, Luke Myers, and Whitney S. Cranshaw C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 August 22, 2011 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 3 Cover Photo Credits: Whitney S. Cranshaw. Females of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fab.) laying eggs on an animal carcass on Fort Sill, Oklahoma. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1177. Copyrighted 2011 4 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................7 SUMMARY AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS -
Redalyc.Key to the Genera of Ephemerelloidea (Insecta
Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Dias, Lucimar G.; Salles, Frederico F.; Francischetti, Cesar N.; Ferreira, Paulo Sérgio F. Key to the genera of Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Brazil Biota Neotropica, vol. 6, núm. 1, 2006 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199114285015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Key to the genera of Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Brazil Lucimar G. Dias1,2, Frederico F. Salles1,2, Cesar N. Francischetti1,2 & Paulo Sérgio F. Ferreira1 Biota Neotropica v6 (n1) – http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n1/pt/abstract?identification-key+bn00806012006 Date Received 04/01/2005 Revised 11/22/2005 Accepted 01/01/2006 1 Museu de Entomologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. ([email protected]) ([email protected]) ([email protected]) ([email protected]) 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil Abstract Dias, L. G.; Salles, F. F.; Francischetti, C. N.; & Ferreira, P. S. F. Key to the genera of Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Brazil. Biota Neotrop. Jan/Abr 2006, vol. 6, no. 1 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n1/pt/ abstract?identification-key+bn00806012006. ISSN 1676-0611 A key to the Brazilian genera of Ephemerelloidea, nymphs and adults, belonging to the families Coryphoridae, Leptohyphidae and Melanemerellidae is presented. -
Staniczek, New Hagenulini from Dominican Amber
New fossil mayflies from Dominican amber (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) By Arnold H. Staniczek, Stuttgart With 24 Figures Abstract New fossil Hagenulini (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Dominican amber are described: Hagenulites hitchingsi n.g., n.sp., Borinquena maculata n.sp., Borinquena parva n.sp., and Borinquena (?) caeciliana n.sp. are the first fossil records for these taxa. The diagnosis of Bo- rinquena is redefined and the phylogenetic implications of these findings are discussed. Zusammenfassung Neue fossile Hagenulini (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) aus dem Dominikanischen Bernstein werden beschrieben: Hagenulites hitchingsi n.g., n.sp., Borinquena maculata n. sp., Borin- quena parva n.sp. und Borinquena (?) caeciliana n.sp. sind die ersten Fossilnachweise für diese Taxa. Die Diagnose von Borinquena wird neu definiert und die phylogenetischen Impli- kationen dieser Neufunde werden diskutiert. 1. Introduction The mayfly family Leptophlebiidae is distributed worldwide and is one of the most diverse mayfly taxa. Within the Leptophlebiidae there are three subfamilies presently distinguished (KLUGE 1994b), among which the monophyletic Ata- lophlebiinae are mainly distributed in the southern hemisphere, due to their Gond- wanian origin (SAVAGE 1987). There are several fossil records of Leptophlebiidae (HUBBARD & SAVAGE 1981, HUBBARD 1987, KEILBACH 1982, SPAHR 1992, KLUGE 1993, PETERS & PETERS 2000, WEITSCHAT & WICHARD 2001). However, some of these fossils (e.g. Xenophlebia, DEMOULIN 1968, Conovirilus, MCCAFFERTY 1997) can only be tentatively placed within the Leptophlebiidae (see KLUGE 1993 and PETERS & PETERS 2000). Others (e.g. Cretoneta, TSHERNOVA 1971) have now been transferred to other families (see KLUGE 1993). The fossil records of Atalophlebiinae are very scarce (RIEK 1954). Although abundant in the Neotropical fauna not a single species of Atalophlebiinae has yet been formally described from Dominican amber. -
An Early View of the Relation Between Plant Distribution And
January, 1954 NOTES AND COMMENT 97 rating mechanism can be introduced to permit a stable more complex function such as the second power term point on the left side of the hump. suggested by Hutchinson (1947) for social animals. The absence of a stable point on the left side of the In man's evolution, we have apparently had continual curve helps to explain why cooperation among organisms shiftingof the stable point to the right as man's coopera- is often overlooked. The importantquestion arises: why tion increased. The great question before us all is not inevitable is cooperation so widely distributed in the living king- how to increase cooperation or how to avoid the disoperationbut what formof disoperation will ultimately doms even though populations are rarely found in the determine our stable point and at what density will this correspondingto predominantlycooperative density range take place. interaction? It is suggested that the presence of coopera- tion in a species has the functionof raising the density REFERENCES of the stable point thus giving a species an edge in com- Allee, W. C. 1931. Animal aggregations. A study in petition with other species. In terms of the equation general sociology. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago. above, the cooperative term illustrated in Figure 3B 431 p. when added to the remainder of the equation in Figure . 1940. Concerning the origin of sociality in 3A produces a curve in Figure 2 whose stable point animals. Scientia, 1940: 154-160. is shifted to the right. Thus, other things being equal, 1951. Cooperation among animals with hu- cooperative animals have higher densities in their stable man implications. -
Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA JHON FABER MARULANDA LOPEZ SYSTEMATIC OF TERPIDINAE KLUGE (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE) VIÇOSA - MINAS GERAIS 2021 JHON FABER MARULANDA LOPEZ SYSTEMATIC OF TERPIDINAE KLUGE (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE) Dissertation presented to the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, as part of the requirements of the Graduate Program in Entomology, to obtain the title of Magister Scientiae. Adviser: Frederico Falcão Salles VIÇOSA - MINAS GERAIS 2021 À minha família, e aos meus amigos por todo o apoio... A todos os docentes que contribuíram no meu processo de formação... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Inicialmente quero agradecer à minha família por me apoiar e me incentivar a estudar desde criança. De fato sempre foi e é uma prioridade para vocês meu processo de formação e vou valorizar isso a vida toda. Agradeço também por apoiar a minha decisão em vir estudar no Brasil, mesmo isso significando me afastar de vocês. Aos meus amigos e companheiros do Museu de Entomologia que fizeram parte desse processo. Agradeço pelos trabalhos juntos durante as diferentes disciplinas. Também agradeço pelos bate papos e churrascos para dar uma relaxada e começar a próxima semana daquele jeito. Estendo um agradecimento à UFV, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e ao CNPq por me permitirem estudar nessa instituição e obter meu título. Também agradeço o fato de poder me apresentar no processo seletivo mesmo estando fora do Brasil, considero isso um ato de boa vontade. O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001. Quero também estender um agradecimento à Dra. Lucimar Gomes Dias, docente da Universidad de Caldas, orientadora da minha graduação, colega e amiga, por me ensinar o mundo dos Ephemeroptera e me incentivar a vir a estudar no Brasil. -
The Mayfly Newsletter
The Mayfly Newsletter Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 1 12-1-2003 The Mayfly Newsletter Peter M. Grant Southwestern Oklahoma State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mayfly Recommended Citation Grant, Peter M. (2003) "The Mayfly Newsletter," The Mayfly Newsletter: Vol. 13 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mayfly/vol13/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Newsletters at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Mayfly Newsletter by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MAYFLY NEWSLETTER Vol. 13 No. 1 Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096-3098 USA December 2003 2004 Joint International Conference Colleagues: XI International Conference on The faculty and staff at the Flathead Lake Biological Ephemeroptera Station (FLBS) are pleased to host the 2004 XV International Symposium on Plecoptera-Ephemeroptera Conferences. FLBS is Plecoptera located on the east shore of Flathead Lake. Our facilities include fully-equipped labs and accommodations to house and feed up to 100 people. 22-29 August 2004 A mid-meeting tour is scheduled to our floodplain research site on the Middle Fork of the Flathead Flathead Lake Biological Station River. We have recently been awarded a $2.6M NSF grant to work on biogeochemical cycling and The University of Montana biodiversity relationships on this big gravel-bed flood Poison, Montana, USA plain and look forward to showcasing this project. -
Predicting, Measuring, and Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrate Biodiversity on Dryland Military Bases
FINAL REPORT Predicting, Measuring, and Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrate Biodiversity on Dryland Military Bases SERDP Project RC-2203 DECEMBER 2016 Dr. David A. Lytle Oregon State University Dr. Julian D. Olden University of Washington Dr. Rachata Muneepeerakul University of Florida Distribution Statement A Page Intentionally Left Blank Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 15-12-2016 Final report Jan 2012 through Dec 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER RC-2203 PREDICTING, MEASURING, AND MONITORING AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE 5b. GRANT NUMBER BIODIVERSITY ON DRYLAND MILITARY BASES 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER David A. Lytle, Julian D. Olden, Rachata Muneepeerakul 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. -
Crespi & Abbot
Crespi & Abbot: Evolution of Kleptoparasitism 147 THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF KLEPTOPARASITISM IN AUSTRALIAN GALL THRIPS BERNARD CRESPI AND PATRICK ABBOT1 Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada 1Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona ABSTRACT We used a combination of behavioral-ecological and molecular-phylogenetic data to analyze the origin and diversification of kleptoparasitic (gall-stealing) thrips in the genus Koptothrips, which comprises four described species that invade and breed in galls induced by species of Oncothrips and Kladothrips on Australian Acacia. The ge- nus Koptothrips is apparently monophyletic and not closely related to its hosts. Two of the species, K. dyskritus and K. flavicornis, each appears to represent a suite of closely-related sibling species or host races. Three of the four Koptothrips species are facultatively kleptoparasitic, in that females can breed within damaged, open galls by enclosing themselves within cellophane-like partitions. Facultative kleptoparasitism may have served as an evolutionary bridge to the obligately kleptoparasitic habit found in K. flavicornis. Evidence from phylogenetics, and Acacia host-plant relation- ships of the kleptoparasites and the gall-inducers, suggests that this parasite-host system has undergone some degree of cospeciation, such that speciations of Kopto- thrips have tracked the speciations of the gall-inducers. Quantification of kleptopar- asitism rates indicates that Koptothrips and other enemies represent extremely strong selective pressures on most species of gall-inducers. Although the defensive soldier morphs found in some gall-inducing species can successfully defend against Koptothrips invasion, species with soldiers are still subject to high rates of successful kleptoparasite attack. -
Butterflies of North America
Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. Part 3 Chapter 1 Survey of Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Fort Sill, Comanche Co., Oklahoma Chapter 2 Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III. Arachnida: Ixodidae, Scorpiones, Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University 1 Cover Photo Credits: The Black and Yellow Argiope, Argiope aurantia Lucas, (Photo by P.E. Cushing), a robber fly Efferia texana (Banks) (Photo by C. Riley Nelson). ISBN 1084-8819 Information about the availability of this publication and others in the series may be obtained from Managing Editor, C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Ddiversity, Department of Bbioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America 4. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III Edited by Paul A. Opler Chapter 1 Survey of Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Fort Sill, Comanche Co., Oklahoma by Paula E. Cushing and Maren Francis Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver, Colorado 80205 Chapter 2 Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. III. Arachnida: Ixodidae, Scorpiones, Hexapoda: Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera by Boris C. Kondratieff, Jason P. Schmidt, Paul A. Opler, and Matthew C. Garhart C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 January 2005 Contributions of the C.P.