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History VICTORIAN CURRICULUM FILE NAME: OBI_HIS_VIC_9_07905_CVR SIZE: 217 x 280 SPINE 15.25 mm COLOUR: FULL/CMYK 9 oxford Geraldine Carrodus | Richard Smith big ideas history VICTORIAN CURRICULUM OBI_HIS_VIC_9_07905_CVR_SI.indd 1 17/10/2016 10:08 am 9 Geraldine Carrodus | Richard Smith oxford Contributions by big ideas Bernie Howitt | Bruce Dennett history VICTORIAN CURRICULUM OBI_HIS_VIC_9_07905_TXT_00_UB1_SI.indd 1 17/10/2016 11:25 am 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in Australia by Oxford University Press 253 Normanby Road, South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia © Geraldine Carrodus, Richard Smith 2016 © Oxford University Press 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First published 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data Carrodus, Geraldine, author Oxford big ideas. History 9 Victorian Curriculum / Geraldine Carrodus, Richard Smith. ISBN 9780190307905 (paperback) Includes index. For secondary school age. History – Texbooks. History – Study and teaching (Secondary) Education – Curricula - Victoria Smith, Richard, author. 909 Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 15, 233 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 Email: [email protected] Edited by Katharine Day and Ingrid De Baets Illustrated by MAPgraphics Pty Ltd, Ian Laver, Richard Bonson, Rob Mancini and Alan Laver Typeset by Watershed Design Proofread by Helen Koehne Indexed by Neil Daly Printed by Paramount Printing Company Ltd Disclaimer Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders are advised that this publication may include images or names of people now deceased. Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. OBI_HIS_VIC_9_07905_TXT_00_UB1_SI.indd 2 17/10/2016 11:25 am contents Contents by skill ............................................................................................viii Using Oxford Big Ideas History .................................................................x Concepts and skills Unit 1 The Industrial Revolution Chapter 1 Chapter 2 The history toolkit....................................................................................... 4 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution ..................................30 1A What are the historical concepts? 2A What factors shaped the world from 1750 to 1918? 1.1 Historical concepts ..............................................................................6 2.1 The birth of the modern world........................................................ 32 1B What are the historical skills? 2B How did technology and industry shape the modern world? 1.2 Historical skills .................................................................................... 14 2.2 Key events of the Industrial Revolution......................................... 34 1.3 Ask questions and conduct research............................................ 15 Chapter 3 1.4 Sequence events and use historical terms and concepts ...... 18 The Industrial Revolution ....................................................................38 1.5 Use historical sources as evidence ............................................... 20 1.6 Analyse different perspectives and interpretations .................... 24 3A What developments and innovations led to the Industrial 1.7 Communicate your findings ............................................................ 26 Revolution? 3.1 The Industrial Revolution: a timeline ............................................. 40 1C What are the career opportunities for historians? 3.2 The Industrial Revolution in Britain ................................................ 42 1.8 Careers in history ............................................................................... 28 3.3 Why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain ........................... 44 3.4 Developments in agriculture ........................................................... 46 3.5 Developments in cotton, wool and iron production .................. 48 3.6 Developments in transport............................................................... 52 3.7 Significant individual: Isambard Kingdom Brunel ...................... 56 3.8 Expansion of factories and mass production ............................. 58 3.9 The spread of the Industrial Revolution........................................ 60 3.10 Later developments in technology and science......................... 62 3A Rich task: Inventions of the Industrial Revolution ...................... 64 3B How did the Industrial Revolution affect the lives of men, women and children? 3.11 Working conditions ........................................................................... 66 3.12 Living conditions ................................................................................ 68 3B Rich task: Working conditions for children during the Industrial Revolution ...................................................... 70 3C What were the short- and long-term impacts of the Industrial Revolution? 3.13 Short-term impacts of the Industrial Revolution ........................ 72 3.14 The emergence of socialism and trade unions .......................... 74 3.15 Long-term impacts of the Industrial Revolution ......................... 78 3C Rich task: Population growth in Britain during the Industrial Revolution ................................................................... 82 OBI_HIS_VIC_9_07905_TXT_00_UB1_SI.indd 3 17/10/2016 11:25 am Unit 2 Australia and Asia Chapter 6 Chapter 4 China (1750–1918) ..................................................................................150 Introduction to Australia and Asia .................................................84 6A What were the main features of Chinese society around 1750? 4A What factors led to the colonisation of Australia? 6.1 China (1750–1918): a timeline ....................................................152 4.1 Australia and British imperial expansion ...................................... 86 6.2 Traditional Chinese social structure ...........................................154 4B What factors led to the colonisation of Asia? 6.3 Chinese traditions .........................................................................158 4.2 Asia and European imperial expansion ........................................ 88 6.4 Chinese culture ..............................................................................160 6A Rich task: Qing style and fashion ..............................................162 Chapter 5 Australia (1750–1918) .............................................................................92 6B What was the impact of Europeans on Chinese society from 1750 onwards? 5A Why were British colonies established in Australia and who 6.5 Early contact with the West ........................................................164 was affected? 6.6 The opium trade ............................................................................166 5.1 Australia (1750–1918): a timeline .................................................. 94 6B Rich task: The impact of Europeans on Chinese society ......168 5.2 The fi rst Europeans arrive ................................................................ 96 5.3 The colonies of Australia ................................................................100 6C How did China respond to foreign infl uence and how was Chinese society organised by 1918? 5.4 Development of the colonies during the 1800s .......................106 6.7 China’s internal problems ............................................................ 170 5.5 The impact of early colonisation on Indigenous people .........108 6.8 Signifi cant individual: Empress Dowager Cixi ........................172 5.6 Ongoing effects of colonisation on Indigenous populations .......................................................................................110 6.9 The Boxer Rebellion .....................................................................174 5.7 The Australian gold rushes ............................................................114 6.10 Divided responses
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