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Bulgaristan'in Genel Ekonomik Durumu Ve Türkiye Ile Ekonomik-Ticari Ilişkileri (2019-2020)

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Bulgaristan'in Genel Ekonomik Durumu Ve Türkiye Ile Ekonomik-Ticari Ilişkileri (2019-2020) T.C. SOFYA BÜYÜKELÇİLİĞİ TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ BULGARİSTAN'IN GENEL EKONOMİK DURUMU VE TÜRKİYE İLE EKONOMİK-TİCARİ İLİŞKİLERİ (2019-2020) ARALIK 2020 SOFYA SOFYA TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ İÇİNDEKİLER YÖNETİCİ ÖZETİ ................................................................................................................................................ 7 BÖLÜM I ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 ÜLKE HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER ....................................................................................................... 17 Ülke Kimliği .................................................................................................................................................. 17 Ülkenin Kısa Tarihçesi ................................................................................................................................. 18 Siyasi ve İdari Durum ................................................................................................................................... 18 Yasama ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 Yürütme ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Yargı ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 Coğrafi Bilgiler ve Nüfus .............................................................................................................................. 20 Coğrafi Konumu, Yer Şekilleri, Akarsular ve Göller, İklim, Bitki Örtüsü ................................................ 20 Nüfus ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Temel Demografik Göstergeler............................................................................................................. 21 Nüfusun Etnik ve Dinsel Dağılımı ......................................................................................................... 21 Nüfusun Satın Alma Gücü ..................................................................................................................... 22 Bulgarların Hayattan Memnuniyeti ...................................................................................................... 23 İnternete Erişim ve İnternet Kullanımı ................................................................................................. 24 Çalışma ve İşgücü ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Eğitim ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 Sosyal Güvenlik ........................................................................................................................................ 31 SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK GÖSTERGELER ................................................................................................ 32 Sosyal Göstergeler ........................................................................................................................................ 32 Ekonomik Göstergeler .................................................................................................................................. 33 GENEL EKONOMİK DURUM ...................................................................................................................... 34 Genel Durum ................................................................................................................................................ 34 İş Yapma Ortamı Göstergeleri ...................................................................................................................... 42 2020 Yılı Göstergeleri................................................................................................................................... 43 Ekonomiyi Etkileyen İç ve Dış Olaylar ......................................................................................................... 47 İç Olaylar .................................................................................................................................................. 47 Dış Olaylar ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Bulgaristan Ekonomisine İlişkin Beklentiler ................................................................................................ 49 DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR VE DIŞ TİCARET ........................................................................ 51 Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ...................................................................................................................... 51 Dış Ticaret .................................................................................................................................................... 52 Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri ................................................................................................................................ 59 BULGARİSTAN EKONOMİSİNİN SEKTÖREL BAZDA DEĞERLENDİRMESİ .................................... 63 Tarım ............................................................................................................................................................ 63 Genel Durum ............................................................................................................................................ 63 Organik Tarım .......................................................................................................................................... 65 1 SOFYA TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ Bulgaristan Tarım Sektöründe Temel Sorunlar ........................................................................................ 65 2020 Yılında Tarım Sektörüne Finansman İmkanları ............................................................................... 65 Sanayi ........................................................................................................................................................... 66 Ulaştırma ve Telekomünikasyon ................................................................................................................... 69 Ulaştırma .................................................................................................................................................. 69 Karayolu Ulaştırması ........................................................................................................................... 69 Demiryolu Ulaştırması ......................................................................................................................... 72 Limanlar ............................................................................................................................................... 74 Havayolu Ulaştırması ........................................................................................................................... 76 İntermodal Terminaller......................................................................................................................... 77 Telekomünikasyon..................................................................................................................................... 77 Hizmetler ...................................................................................................................................................... 78 Bankacılık ................................................................................................................................................. 78 Turizm ....................................................................................................................................................... 80 Sigortacılık................................................................................................................................................ 81 Enerji ............................................................................................................................................................ 82 Bulgaristan’ın Enerji Sektörüne Genel Bir Bakış ..................................................................................... 82 Enerji Piyasasının Serbestleştirilmesi ...................................................................................................... 83 Gerçekleştirilmesi Öngörülen Enerji Projeleri......................................................................................... 84 Türk Akımının Bulgaristan Üzerinden Geçecek Kısmının (Balkan Akımı) İnşaatı ............................... 84 Balkan Doğalgaz Dağıtım Merkezi ....................................................................................................... 85 Doğal Kaynaklar ve Madencilik ................................................................................................................... 85 Para ve Sermaye Piyasaları ........................................................................................................................
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