DOCSLIB.ORG

Multi-Page.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multi-Page.Pdf Documentof The World Bank FOR OFFMCIALUSE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized ReportNo. P-4771-CHA MEMORANDUMAND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONALBANK FOR RECONSTRUCTIONAND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Public Disclosure Authorized ON A PROPOSEDLOAN IN AN AMOUNTEQUIVALENT TO US$50.0 MILLION TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE SHAANXI PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYPROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized May 16, 1988 Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only In the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS (as of January 1988) Currency name 2 Renminbi Currency unit - Yuan (Y) = 100 Fen US$1.00 = Y 3.70 US$0.27 = Y 1.0 US$1.0 million = Y 3.7 million US$270,270 = Y 1.0 million FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer(km) = 0.62 mile (mi) 1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 square feet (ft2) 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.4 squaremiles (mi ) 1 hectare (ha) = 0.01 km2 = 2.47 ac es (ac) = 15 mu 1 mu = 666.7 m' = 0.0667 ha 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds (lbs) 1 metric ton (m ton) = 2,204 pounds (lbs) ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS CAAC - Civil AviationAdministration of China ERR - Economic Rate of Return GOVAI - Gross output value of agricultureand industry HPDI - Highway Planningand Design Institute HSRI - Highway ScientificResearch Institute ICB - InternationalCompetitive Bidding ITC - InternationalTendering Corporation MOC - Ministry of Communications O-D - Origin-Destination pcu - passengercar unit PTD - ProvincialTransport Department SAA - State AuditingAdministration SFYP - Seventh Five-YearPlan SHAB - ShaanxiHighway Administration Bureau SPTD - Shaanxi ProvincialTransport Department SSDI - Shaanxi Survey and Design Institute VOC - Vehicle OperatingCosts vpd - Vehicle per day FOR OFmFCIALUSE ONLY CHINA SHAANXIPROVINCIAL HIGHWAY PROJECT Loan and ProjectSummary Borrower: People'sRepublic of China Beneficiary: Shaanxi Province Amount: US$50.0million equivalent Terms: Twenty years, includinga five-yeargrace period,at the Bank's standardvariable interestrate. On-lendingRates: 4% for highway construction 7% for rural roads FinancingPlan: Central Government US$13.5million ProvincialGovernment US$54.3million IBRD US$50.0million Total US$117.8million EconomicRate of Return: 28% for the Sanyuan-TongchuanHighway and 16% to 25% for the rural roads. Staff Appraisal Report: Report No. 7167-CHA Maps: IBRD 20268 IBRD 20255 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. MEMORANDUM AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED LOAN TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE SHAANXI PROVINCIAL HIGHWAY PROJECT 1. The following memorandum and recommendation on a proposed loan to the People's Republic of China for US$50.0 million is submitted for approval. The proposed loan would be for 20 years maturity including a 5 years grace period at the Bank's standard variable interest rate and would help finance the expansion and improvement of the highway network. 2. Background. The transport system in China has been severely taxed by the pace of recent economic development, and capacity constraints are evident in all modes. The most serious transport need is for dramatically expanded road capacity, especially in rural areas where increased agricultural and small-scale industrial production have created an urgent demand for better farm-to-market transport services. Road transport will also face a growing share of the demand for passenger transportation from the increasingly mobile population. In the railway subsector, the network capacity has severely hampered delivery of energy supplies (i.e. coal), and even with recently initiated investments in rail line electrification and new line construction, it will take several years to alleviate bottlenecks between major mining areas and coastal cities. China also needs to substantially expand its port and waterways facilities to relieve the growing hindrance to external trade caused by inadequate berth capacity and container handling capacity. China's Seventh Five-Year Plan (1986-90) recognizes al. these sectoral needs. By the end of the plan period, freight traffic is projected to be 45% higher than in 1985, and passenger traffic 60% higher, with a disproportionately greater share of the increase falling on road transport. To meet these needs, substantial investments are envisioned, especially in highway network expansion, new rail lines, double-tracking and electrification of existing lines, and more berths at coastal ports. The Plan also proposes to secure efficiency gains in transportation from operational improvements; these include the development of integrated transportation networks, in particular for coal transportation and for import/export trade, and technological improvements such as container handling facilities and intermodal transport centers. To facilitate these developments, the Plan envisions significant institutional changes in the sector, including and extension of the policy of separating the functions of Government from those of operating enterprises and delegating authority to local managements. The Bank fully subscribes to the Government's objectives for development of the transport sector and is supporting its initiatives with financial and technical assistance. Three railway projects (Loans 2394-CHA, 2540-CEA and 2678-CHA, and Credit 1680-CHA) are assisting the expansion of capacity on key routes and the manufacture of electric locomotives, passenger coaches and signalling equipment. Four port projects (Loans 2207-CHA, 2689- CHA, 2907-CHA and 2977-CHA) will effect improvements at Tianjin, Shanghai, Huangpu and Dalian Ports. The two Bank Group financed highway projects in China (Loan 2539-CHA/Credit 1594-CHA and Loan 2811-CHA/Credit 1792-CHA) involves the construction and improvement of national, rural roads and the first expressway in China. - 2 - 3. While all transportmodes in China are in urgent need of expansion and modernization,road transportpresents the most difficultchallenge. Road freighttraffic has increasedat about 17% per annum between 1980 and 1986 mainly due to the burgeoningmarket economy, and passengertraffic has grown at about 16% per annum. Road congestionwas alreadya serious problem in the early 1980, and has now grown worse near major cities. Increasedroad capa- city is urgently needed. Furthermore,of the approximately942,400 km roads in 1985, only some 195,000km, or 21%, have asphalticor concretepavements. These pavementsare generallyof poor quality;most have exceeded their design life and are deterioratingrapidly with the increasingtraffic. Accordingly, the highway mode is receivingincreased attention under the Seventh Five-Year Plan (SFYP). The SFYP for the highway subsectoris to upgrade at least 80,000 km of existing road and to constructabout 60,000 km of new roads, of which 1,580 km would be 4-lane expresswayor Class I standard. 4. The main objectivesfor highway developmentin the 1980'sare to provideadequate capacity in the heavily congestedcorridors, to upgradeand improve the existingnetwork and to expand the network in remote rural areas. The proposednew Sanyuan-TongchuanHighway in Shaanxi Province is part of the plan for high standardroad investmentand would be a continuationof the Xi'an-SanyuanHighway being financedunder Loan 2539-CHA/Credit1594-CHA, Bank's first highwayproject in China. The rural road developmentin Shaannan (SouthernShaanxi Province),the poorest part of the province,serves the objectiveof rural road network expansionand rural development. There is also an urgent need in the provincefor more modern techniquesin the planning,design, constructionand maintenanceof roads. 5. Rationalefor Bank Involvement. Governmentis seekingBank Group assistancein removingthe transportbottlenecks impeding economic growth. The strategy for the Bank's involvementin the highway subsectoris to meet the most urgent needs of road network expansionand to suggesta programof studieson key policiesissues so as to provide a sound basis for future investmentplanning. The Bank's involvementin the highway subsector particularlyin terms of policy, institutionaland technicalmatters under the first and second highway projects,aims at helpingto modernizethe subsector by bringing the Bank's experienceto bear on the problemsand by expediting the introductionof advanced technologyto solve them; on going studies in these projects cover importantproblems related to roads financing,road safety,road congestionand the methodologyfor evaluatingexisting road pavements. The proposed project,besides providingadequate road capacity in this most congestedcorridor of ShaanxiProvince, would providecontinued support in these matters and encompassnew tasks relatedto road pavement strengthening,maintenance and planning. The project is one of the four highway projects currentlybeing prepared to focus Bank assistanceat the level of four provincessimultaneously. 6. ProjectObjectives. The proposedSanyuan-Tongchuan Highway would help expand transportcapacity in the heavily congestedcorridor between the provincialcapital of Xi'an and the importantcoal mining districtand city of Tongchuan. The rural roads improvementand flood repair programwould
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Study on Urban Efficiency Measurement and Spatiotemporal
    sustainability Article Study on Urban Efficiency Measurement and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Cities in Northwest China Based on the DEA–Malmquist Model Jun Yin and Qingmei Tan * College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 November 2018; Accepted: 12 January 2019; Published: 15 January 2019 Abstract: Urban efficiency can effectively measure the management and allocation level of urban factor inputs. Based on the data of 30 prefecture-level cities in Northwest China from 2006 to 2015, urban efficiency is measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then the spatiotemporal evolution rule is identified by Malmquist model. The results illustrate that the overall average urban efficiency of cities in Northwest China each year from 2006 to 2015 was at the low level. Only Jiayuguan, Yulin, Yan’an, and Karamay reached the high average urban efficiency, while Dingxi, Pingliang, Guyuan, Shangluo, Tianshui, Longnan, and Baiyin were at the inefficient level. Most cities in Northwest China were still in the “growing” stage of increasing returns to scale. The scale of urban investment was relatively insufficient, and economies of scale had not yet formed. Cities with decreasing returns to scale were mainly distributed in the capital cities and the central and sub-central cities of Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone with relatively abundant urban resources and capital. Cities with constant returns to scale were mainly distributed in four cities including Yan’an, Yulin, Jiayuguan, and Karamay with high efficiency. The overall comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of cities in Northwest China were not only low, but also showing a downward trend.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility
    [Show full text]
  • E-Commerce Poverty Alleviation Experience in Shaanxi Province
    Best Practice on the Inclusive Trade of the APEC Region Xi’an Experience in E-commerce Poverty Alleviation APEC E-Commerce Business Alliance December 4, 2018 Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................... 2 E-commerce Poverty Alleviation Experience in Shaanxi Province ......................... 5 1. Do a Good Job in Design and Work in an All-round Way .................................. 5 2. Lay a Solid Foundation and Create a Good Environment .................................. 5 3. Bring in Competitive Enterprises to Lead E-commerce Poverty Alleviation ..... 6 4. Coordinate Production and Marketing to Promote Connectivity between Agriculture and Commerce ..................................................................................... 6 5. Conduct Personnel Training and Strengthen the Service System ....................... 6 6. Innovate the Business Modes.............................................................................. 7 Typical Cases of E-commerce Poverty Alleviation in Shaanxi Province ................ 9 1. Lantian County, Xi’an City .............................................................................. 9 2. Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City ................................................................. 12 3. Ankang City ................................................................................................... 14 4. Huinong E-commerce Co., Ltd. ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Soil Conservation Service in the Area of the Upper and Middle of the Yellow River, China
    Heliyon 5 (2019) e02985 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon Research article Spatial and temporal characteristics of soil conservation service in the area of the upper and middle of the Yellow River, China Mingyong Zhu a, Wenming He b, Quanfa Zhang c, Yongzhu Xiong a, Shuduan Tan d, Hongming He e,* a School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, Guangdong, China b School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, Guangdong, China c Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China d College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, China e State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest of Agriculture & Forestry University, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Soil erosion is an important environmental problem in the area of the upper and middle of the Yellow River Ecology (AUMYR), China, one of the most severe soil erosion areas in the world. It is significantly influences on the Environmental science ecological security and sustainable development of the region. Soil conservation (SC) service, as one of the most USLE important regulating services provided by ecosystems, can alter soil and water processes and improve ecosystem Ecosystem service services that ensure human welfare. Investigations of spatial and temporal characteristics of SC service play The area of the upper and middle of the Yellow River (AUMYR) important roles in soil erosion control and ecosystem protection in AUMYR.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Rural Women's Economic Participation in Shaanxi Province, China: Preliminary Results and Insights Mei Yang Allan R
    Analysis of Rural Women’s Economic Participation in Shaanxi Province, China: Preliminary Results and Insights Mei Yang Allan Rae David Tripe Martin Young Huiyan Zhao School of Economics and Finance, Massey University ABSTRACT China has made significant progress in economic reform. This has entailed large scale migration and urbanization, but there is an accompanying problem of position of women in agricultural production in rural areas. To explore this, the study examines rural women’s barriers and potential in economic participation in Shaanxi province through a survey of 356 rural women including both those engaging in farming and off-farming activities from three regions of Shaanxi with different developing characteristics. We use a mixed research methodology with both qualitative and quantitative elements. Unlike a handful of previous relevant studies, the collection of primary data allows a more in depth and systematic analysis of the current situation of rural women and the barriers they are facing. Preliminary results indicate that the situation of rural women in China presents a range of characteristics due to political factors, geographical location, low education attainment, and their role as care-providers. The results presented here here is mainly concerning the part of rural women engaging in farming. 1. Introduction Over the last three decades, China’s industrialization and urbanization have been on an unprecedented scale(Bank, 2014): Around 250 million migrants have moved to cities from rural areas (NBSC, 2012) in supporting the country’s rapid economic growth which has averaged around 10% annually. Meanwhile, starting from 2000, the number of left-behind rural women1 or using a specific term in Chinese, Liushou women has increased sharply and it still increases each year.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on COVID-19 Infections in Shaanxi Province, China
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Health‑seeking and diagnosis delay and its associated factors: a case study on COVID‑19 infections in Shaanxi Province, China Wenyuan Zheng1, Fabrice Kämpfen2 & Zhiyong Huang3* This time‑to‑event study examines social factors associated with health‑seeking and diagnosis of 165 COVID‑19 cases in response to the pandemic spread in Shaanxi Province, China. In particular, we investigate the diferential access to healthcare in terms of delayed time from symptom onset to frst medical visit and subsequently to diagnosis by factors such as sex, age, travel history, and type of healthcare utilization. We show that it takes more time for patients older than 60 (against those under 30) to seek healthcare after developing symptoms (+ 2.5 days, p < 0.01 ), surveillance on people with living or travel history to Wuhan helps shorten the time to the frst doctor visit (− 0.8 days) and diagnosis (− 2.2 days, p < 0.01 ). A delay cut is associated with the adoption of intermediary and large hospitals rather than community‑based care as primary care choices (− 1.6 days, p < 0.1 and − 2.2 days, p < 0.05 ). One unit increase of healthcare workers per 1000 people saves patients 0.5 days ( p < 0.1 ) for diagnosis from the frst doctor visit and 0.6 days ( p < 0.05 ) in total. Our analysis of factors associated with the time delay for diagnosis may provide a better understanding of the health‑ seeking behaviors of patients and the diagnosis capacity of healthcare providers during the COVID‑19 pandemic. In December 2019, a series of unknown-cause pneumonia cases, later named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), were reported in Wuhan, China, and has since spread rapidly, becoming a global pan- demic within months.
    [Show full text]
  • The Research on Air Pollution Laws in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration
    2016 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering (SEEE 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-408-0 The Research on Air Pollution Laws in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration Based on High Frequency AQI Data Qiu-ling HU* and Zhe YANG School of International Business, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an Shaanxi, China, 710119 *Corresponding author Keywords: High frequency AQI data, Guanzhong urban agglomeration, AQI hour index, VAR model, Associated rules. Abstract. Based on high frequency data of AQI and contaminants, this paper makes researches including general situation of air pollution, fluctuation rules of air quality in one day and associated rules of air pollution between cities by using statistical analysis methods like the hour index of AQI and building the VAR model. The conclusions are as following: firstly, it is obvious that air pollution which often manifests as pollution of particulates has a seasonal effect and a clustering property. Secondly, different seasons have different air quality fluctuation rules in one day. However, with no consideration of the phase position diversity of graphs, intraday fluctuation rules of air quality in one season are similar to those in other seasons. Thirdly, the deterioration of air condition of one city can cause the deterioration of air condition of other cities, and the peak of this influence appears in one day generally, and the influence weakens with the increase of spatial distance. Introduction Air pollution harms human health and sustainable development of environment and economy. However, urban air pollution is very serious in China. As the main form of promoting urbanization, the city agglomeration causes a higher risk of pollution threat because of its agglomeration effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 250 8th International Conference on Education, Management, Information and Management Society (EMIM 2018) Environmental Problems and Countermeasures for Sustainable Development in a Declining Mining City Tongchuan Zhao Aning*, Wang Jianhui, Chen Huaqing and Zhang Jianghua 1Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an, 710054, China [email protected] * The corresponding author Keywords: Declining mining city; Tongchuan; Environmental problems; Countermeasures Abstract. Tongchuan is a resource-based city with coal, cement and clay minerals production. The development of mining industry has made a great contribution to the social and economic development of the city. With the depletion of mineral resources, the city faces two kinds problems: First, for a long time of mineral resources exploitation, the natural landscape has been deeply damaged, and many problems such as forest vegetation destruction, environmental pollution and geological disasters have greatly increased; the second is economic growth of mineral resources industry began to decline. So this city needs the alteration of industrial structure, and a large number of labor transfer. In this paper, we explained the types of serious environmental problems caused by mining development based on Tongchuan mine geological environment survey. Accordingly, we discussed the countermeasures of mine geological environment governance and the sustainable development of the economy. Introduction Tongchuan is a medium-sized mining city with resource development as its pillar industry and its coal resources have been mined for thousands of years. Since 1955, the cumulative production of raw coal has reached 360 million tons. The historical subjects are invested by the state and the production profits are benefit to the state, which has made important contributions to the national construction and local economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2020 2019 Annual Results Presentation
    2019 Annual Results March 2020 Important Disclaimer and Notice to Recipients Institutional presentation materials By attending the meeting where this presentation is made, or by reading the presentation materials, you agree to be bound by the following limitations: The information in this presentation has been prepared by representatives of West China Cement Limited (the “Issuer”) for use in presentations by the Issuer at investor meetings and does not constitute a recommendation or offer regarding the securities of the Issuer. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information, or opinions contained herein. None the Issuer, Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited and Nomura International plc, or any of their respective advisors or representatives shall have any responsibility or liability whatsoever (for negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The information set out herein may be subject to updating, completion, revision, verification and amendment and such information may change materially. This presentation is based on the economic, regulatory, market and other conditions as in effect on the date hereof. It should be understood that subsequent developments may affect the information contained in this presentation, which neither the Issuer nor its advisors or representatives are under an obligation to update, revise or affirm. The information communicated in this presentation contains certain statements that are or may be forward looking. These statements typically contain words such as "will", "expects" and "anticipates" and words of similar import.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2017 2016 Annual Results Presentation
    2016 Annual Results March 2017 Important Disclaimer and Notice to Recipients Institutional presentation materials By attending the meeting where this presentation is made, or by reading the presentation materials, you agree to be bound by the following limitations: The information in this presentation has been prepared by representatives of West China Cement Limited (the “Issuer”) for use in presentations by the Issuer at investor meetings and does not constitute a recommendation or offer regarding the securities of the Issuer. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information, or opinions contained herein. None the Issuer, Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited and Nomura International plc, or any of their respective advisors or representatives shall have any responsibility or liability whatsoever (for negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The information set out herein may be subject to updating, completion, revision, verification and amendment and such information may change materially. This presentation is based on the economic, regulatory, market and other conditions as in effect on the date hereof. It should be understood that subsequent developments may affect the information contained in this presentation, which neither the Issuer nor its advisors or representatives are under an obligation to update, revise or affirm. The information communicated in this presentation contains certain statements that are or may be forward looking. These statements typically contain words such as "will", "expects" and "anticipates" and words of similar import.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathways to Earthquake Resilience in China
    Report Pathways to earthquake resilience in China October 2015 Overseas Development Institute 203 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8NJ Tel. +44 (0) 20 7922 0300 Fax. +44 (0) 20 7922 0399 E-mail: [email protected] www.odi.org www.odi.org/facebook www.odi.org/twitter Readers are encouraged to reproduce material from ODI Reports for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially. As copyright holder, ODI requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the ODI website. The views presented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of ODI. © Overseas Development Institute 2015. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial Licence (CC BY-NC 3.0). ISSN: 2052-7209 Cover photo: Photo by GDS, Children receiving the GDS disaster risk reduction kit, Shaanxi Province, China Contents Acknowledgements 9 About the authors 9 Glossary of terms 11 Acronyms 11 1. Introduction 13 John Young 2. Earthquake disaster risk reduction policies and programmes in China 16 Cui Ke, Timothy Sim and Lena Dominelli 3. Current knowledge on seismic hazards in Shaanxi Province 23 By Feng Xijie, Richard Walker and Philip England 4. Community-based approaches to disaster risk reduction in China 30 Lena Dominelli, Timothy Sim and Cui Ke 5. Case study: World Vision’s community disaster response plan in Ranjia village 42 William Weizhong Chen, Ning Li and Ling Zhang 6. Case study: Gender Development Solution’s disaster risk reduction in primary education 46 Zhao Bin 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS-Cov-2 Infections in Shaanxi, China by 8 February 2020
    AGORA | | RESEARCH LETTER Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shaanxi, China by 8 February 2020 To the Editor: In December 2019, a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe acute respiratory disease emerged in the region of Wuhan, China [1, 2]. The National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China named pneumonia infected with SARS-CoV-2 as novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Evidence pointed towards person-to-person transmission [3–5]. As of 8 February 2020, China had reported 34673 confirmed cases and more than 27657 suspected cases of NCP across 34 Chinese provinces or municipalities, with 106 fatalities. Most of the studies focused on the epidemic situation in Wuhan, but a few studies focused on provinces outside Wuhan. Shaanxi is located to the northwest of the Hubei Province and is adjacent to it, with a population of 38.64 million. Since the first case of NCP was confirmed in Shaanxi on 23 January 2020, 195 cases have been confirmed, but there was no relevant epidemiological study. In order to better understand the epidemic of the new coronavirus in the Shaanxi Province and provide the basis for the future development of control measures, this article aims to report the epidemiological outcomes of the 195 confirmed cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to compare the clinical features between patients with or without a history of exposure in Wuhan. We reviewed the epidemiological characteristics and outcome date of 195 laboratory confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection reported by the Health Commission of the Shaanxi Province.
    [Show full text]