March 2020 2019 Annual Results Presentation
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'Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs' on Patients
The Financial Impact of the ‘Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on Patients in County Hospitals in Western Rural China The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Zhou, Zhongliang, Yanfang Su, Benjamin Campbell, Zhiying Zhou, Jianmin Gao, Qiang Yu, Jiuhao Chen, and Yishan Pan. 2015. “The Financial Impact of the ‘Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on Patients in County Hospitals in Western Rural China.” PLoS ONE 10 (3): e0121630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121630. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121630. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121630 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14351129 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA RESEARCH ARTICLE The Financial Impact of the ‘Zero-Markup Policy for Essential Drugs’ on Patients in County Hospitals in Western Rural China Zhongliang Zhou1‡, Yanfang Su2‡*, Benjamin Campbell3, Zhiying Zhou4, Jianmin Gao1, Qiang Yu5, Jiuhao Chen6, Yishan Pan7 1 School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, 2 Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 4 School of Public Health, Xi’an ’ a11111 Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi an, China, 5 Ankang Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Ankang, China, 6 Ningshan County Hospital, Shaanxi, China, 7 Zhenping County Hospital, Shaanxi, China ‡ Zhongliang Zhou and Yanfang Su are joint first authors. -
Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Shaanxi
SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SHAANXI ROADS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA February 2001 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 14 February 2001) Currency Unit – Yuan (Y) Y1.00 = $0.1208 $1.00 = Y8.2786 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biochemical oxygen demand CO – carbon monoxide COD – chemical oxygen demand EIA – environmental impact assessment GB – Chinese National Standards HC – hydrocarbon IEE – initial environmental examination NOx – nitrogen oxides PRC – People’s Republic of China SPEPB – Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau SPCD – Shaanxi Provincial Communications Department SPHB – Shaanxi Provincial Highway Bureau SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SPHSDI – Shaanxi Provincial Highway Survey and Design Institute TSP – total suspended particulate matter VOC – volatile organic compounds WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB – decibel h – hour ha – hectare kg – kilogram km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter mg/l – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter t – ton (metric) NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAP i I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Physical Setting 2 B. Biological Environment 3 C. Social and Economic Environment 3 IV. ALTERNATIVES 4 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6 A. Physical Setting 6 B. Socioeconomic Impacts 12 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 14 VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL 16 MONITORING PROGRAM VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 18 IX. CONCLUSIONS 18 APPENDIX 20 I. INTRODUCTION 1. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the Shaanxi Roads Development Project was undertaken by the Xi’an Highway University and the November 1999 EIA report was approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration on 1 March 2000. -
An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China
land Article An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China Haifen Lei 1,2, Jennifer Koch 2 and Hui Shi 1,* 1 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics. -
Multi-Page.Pdf
Documentof The World Bank FOR OFFMCIALUSE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized ReportNo. P-4771-CHA MEMORANDUMAND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONALBANK FOR RECONSTRUCTIONAND DEVELOPMENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS Public Disclosure Authorized ON A PROPOSEDLOAN IN AN AMOUNTEQUIVALENT TO US$50.0 MILLION TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE SHAANXI PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYPROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized May 16, 1988 Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only In the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS (as of January 1988) Currency name 2 Renminbi Currency unit - Yuan (Y) = 100 Fen US$1.00 = Y 3.70 US$0.27 = Y 1.0 US$1.0 million = Y 3.7 million US$270,270 = Y 1.0 million FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 kilometer(km) = 0.62 mile (mi) 1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 square feet (ft2) 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.4 squaremiles (mi ) 1 hectare (ha) = 0.01 km2 = 2.47 ac es (ac) = 15 mu 1 mu = 666.7 m' = 0.0667 ha 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds (lbs) 1 metric ton (m ton) = 2,204 pounds (lbs) ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS CAAC - Civil AviationAdministration of China ERR - Economic Rate of Return GOVAI - Gross output value of agricultureand industry HPDI - Highway Planningand Design Institute HSRI - Highway ScientificResearch Institute ICB - InternationalCompetitive Bidding ITC - InternationalTendering Corporation MOC -
Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage
Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2020, 8, 225-237 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jss ISSN Online: 2327-5960 ISSN Print: 2327-5952 Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage Hongdan Guo School of Literature and Media, Ankang University, Ankang, China How to cite this paper: Guo, H. D. (2020). Abstract Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the As a precious historical and cultural heritage, we should not only pay attention Perspective of Cultural Heritage. Open to protection and inheritance, but also fully consider how to develop and utilize Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 225-237. the Confucian temples. For this purpose, we carried out field research on the https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.812017 remaining Confucian temples in southern Shaanxi, where social attention is Received: November 10, 2020 low. After investigation, it was found that: the situation of surviving Confucian Accepted: December 15, 2020 temples in southern Shaanxi is different. There are some Confucian temples Published: December 18, 2020 where the ancient buildings are relatively well preserved, or got seriously dam- aged but have been restored or rebuilt. There are also some Confucian temples Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. where only a few buildings or a single building exist, or even no physical build- This work is licensed under the Creative ings in the ruins. In terms of the utilization of the existing Confucian temples, Commons Attribution International except for some Confucian temples, which are now integrated with museums License (CC BY 4.0). -
(Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with Description of Female Genitalia and Taxonomic Notes
© Entomologica Fennica. 31 August 2016 Distribution of Onryza maga (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with description of female genitalia and taxonomic notes Guoxi Xue, Yufei Li, Zihao Liu, Meng Li & Yingdang Ren Xue, G. X., Li, Y.F., Liu, Z. H., Li, M. & Ren, Y.D. 2016: Distribution of Onryza maga (Leech, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with description of female geni- talia and taxonomic notes. — Entomol. Fennica 27: 70–76. For more than twenty years, Hainan, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia have been erroneously reported in Chinese literature as belonging to the distribution range of Onryza maga (Leech 1890). Based upon a careful survey of specimens and relevant literature, these regions are omitted from the known range of this species. Onryza maga maga is found from northeast Guizhou, south Henan and Qinling-Daba Mountains in Shaanxi of China, its oc- currence in Hunan is confirmed. The adults are redescribed and the variability of wing patterns is discussed. Female genitalia are illustrated and described for the first time. Some biological information and an updated distribution map of the species are provided. G. X. Xue & M. Li, School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, P. R. China; Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Y. F. Li, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China Z. H. Liu, School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China Y. D. -
Study on Urban Efficiency Measurement and Spatiotemporal
sustainability Article Study on Urban Efficiency Measurement and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Cities in Northwest China Based on the DEA–Malmquist Model Jun Yin and Qingmei Tan * College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 November 2018; Accepted: 12 January 2019; Published: 15 January 2019 Abstract: Urban efficiency can effectively measure the management and allocation level of urban factor inputs. Based on the data of 30 prefecture-level cities in Northwest China from 2006 to 2015, urban efficiency is measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then the spatiotemporal evolution rule is identified by Malmquist model. The results illustrate that the overall average urban efficiency of cities in Northwest China each year from 2006 to 2015 was at the low level. Only Jiayuguan, Yulin, Yan’an, and Karamay reached the high average urban efficiency, while Dingxi, Pingliang, Guyuan, Shangluo, Tianshui, Longnan, and Baiyin were at the inefficient level. Most cities in Northwest China were still in the “growing” stage of increasing returns to scale. The scale of urban investment was relatively insufficient, and economies of scale had not yet formed. Cities with decreasing returns to scale were mainly distributed in the capital cities and the central and sub-central cities of Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone with relatively abundant urban resources and capital. Cities with constant returns to scale were mainly distributed in four cities including Yan’an, Yulin, Jiayuguan, and Karamay with high efficiency. The overall comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of cities in Northwest China were not only low, but also showing a downward trend. -
Xi Jinping's Inner Circle
Xi Jinping’s Inner Circle (Part 1: The Shaanxi Gang) Cheng Li Like successful politicians elsewhere, President Xi Jinping assumed China’s top leadership role with the support of an inner circle. This group has been crucial to Xi’s efforts to consolidate power during his first year in office. Xi’s inner circle of confidants has smoothed the way for him to undertake a bold anti-corruption campaign, manage the Bo Xilai trial, and begin the process of crafting ambitious economic reforms. This series examines various power bases that make up Xi’s inner circle—individuals who serve as his hands, ears, mouth, and brain. This first article focuses on native-place associations, namely the so-called Shaanxi Gang, which includes the “Iron Triangle” grouping in the Politburo Standing Committee. Such discussion can help reveal the future trajectory of politics and policy-making during the Xi administration. The analysis of the positioning and promotion of some of Xi’s longtime friends provides an invaluable assessment of both Xi’s current power and the potential for effective policy implementation. Much of the current discussion about the consolidation of Xi Jinping’s power centers on the top leadership positions that he holds concurrently.1 Xi not only took control of all the supreme institutions in the party, state, and military during the latest political succession, but he also now chairs the newly established National Security Committee and the Central Leading Group on Comprehensive Deepening of Economic Reform—two crucial decision-making bodies in Zhongnanhai. There is now widespread recognition that the party leadership enthusiastically endorsed Xi’s comprehensive market reform agenda at the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee held in November 2013.2 These big, bold, and broad policy initiatives ostensibly reflect Xi’s growing power and influence.3 Less noticed, but equally important, is Xi’s substantial reliance on an inner circle of confidants, especially his quick moves to promote longtime associates to key leadership positions. -
Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shaanxi Small Towns
E4461 V1 REV EIA Report of Shaanxi Zhongsheng Assessment Certificate Category: Grade A SZSHPS-2013-075 Assessment Certificate No.:3607 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment Report of Shaanxi Small Towns Infrastructure Project with World Bank Loan Public Disclosure Authorized (Draft for review) Public Disclosure Authorized Entrusted by: Foreign Loan Supporting Project Management Office of Shaanxi Province Assessed by: Shaanxi Zhongsheng Environmental Technologies Development Co., Ltd. March 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Content 0 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 1 0.1 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 1 0.2 Assessment Category .............................................................................................................. 2 0.4 Project Feature ....................................................................................................................... 3 0.5 Major Environmental Problems Concerned in Environmental Assessment ......................... 4 0.6 Major Conclusion in Report .................................................................................................... 4 0.7 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. 4 1 General Provisions ................................................................................................................................. -
Is It the Appropriate Time to Stop Applying Selenium Enriched Salt in Kashin-Beck Disease Areas in China?
Nutrients 2015, 7, 6195-6212; doi:10.3390/nu7085276 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Article Is It the Appropriate Time to Stop Applying Selenium Enriched Salt in Kashin-Beck Disease Areas in China? Yujie Ning :, Xi Wang :, Sen Wang, Feng Zhang, Lianhe Zhang, Yanxia Lei and Xiong Guo * School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (Y.L.) : These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-029-82655091; Fax: +86-029-82655032. Received: 5 June 2015 / Accepted: 20 July 2015 / Published: 28 July 2015 Abstract: We aimed to identify significant factors of selenium (Se) nutrition of children in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) endemic areas and non-KBD area in Shaanxi Province for providing evidence of whether it is the time to stop applying Se-enriched salt in KBD areas. A cross-sectional study contained 368 stratified randomly selected children aged 4–14 years was conducted with 24-h retrospective questionnaire based on a pre-investigation. Food and hair samples were collected and had Se contents determined with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Average hair Se content of 349.0 ˘ 60.2 ng/g in KBD-endemic counties was significantly lower than 374.1 ˘ 47.0 ng/g in non-KBD counties. -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115