DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 72, No. 179/Monday, September 17, 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 72, No. 179/Monday, September 17, 2007 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 179 / Monday, September 17, 2007 / Rules and Regulations 52783 § 181.74 [Amended] place it appears and, in its place, adding • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// the term ‘‘CBP’’. www.regulations.gov. Follow the I 8. In § 181.74: instructions for submitting comments. Jayson P. Ahern, I a. Paragraph (a) is amended by • Agency Web site: http:// removing the citation to Acting Commissioner, U.S. Customs and www.fda.gov/dockets/ecomments. Border Protection. ‘‘181.72(a)(2)(iii)’’ and adding in its Follow the instructions for submitting place the citation to ‘‘181.72(a)(3)(iii)’’, Approved: September 10, 2007. comments on the agency Web site. and by removing the word ‘‘Customs’’ Timothy E. Skud, Written Submissions and, in its place, adding the term Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Submit written submissions in the ‘‘CBP’’. [FR Doc. 07–4551 Filed 9–14–07; 8:45 am] following ways: • I BILLING CODE 9111–14–P FAX: 301–827–6870. b. Paragraphs (b) and (c) are amended • Mail/Hand delivery/Courier [For by removing the term ‘‘Customs’’ each paper, disk, or CD–ROM submissions]: place it appears and, in its place, adding Division of Dockets Management (HFA– the term ‘‘CBP’’. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 305), Food and Drug Administration, I c. In paragraph (d) introductory text, HUMAN SERVICES 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. the reference to ‘‘Customs officer’’ is Food and Drug Administration removed and the term ‘‘CBP officer’’ is To ensure more timely processing of comments, FDA is no longer accepting added in its place; and the two 21 CFR Part 101 references to ‘‘Customs’’ which follow comments submitted to the agency by e- mail. FDA encourages you to continue are removed and in each instance the [Docket No. 2006P–0487] term ‘‘CBP’’ is added in its place. to submit electronic comments by using I Food Labeling; Health Claims; Dietary the Federal eRulemaking Portal or the d. Paragraph (e)(1) is amended, in the agency Web site, as described second sentence following the heading, Noncariogenic Carbohydrate Sweeteners and Dental Caries previously, in the ADDRESSES portion of by removing the word ‘‘Customs’’ and, this document under Electronic in its place, adding the term ‘‘CBP’’, and AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, Submissions. by removing the address citation HHS. Instructions: All submissions received ‘‘Project North Star Coordination Center, ACTION: Interim final rule. must include the agency name and P.O. Box 400, Buffalo, New York 14225– Docket No. 2006P–0487 for this 0400’’, and, in its place, adding the SUMMARY: The Food and Drug rulemaking. All comments received may address citation ‘‘U.S. Customs and Administration (FDA) is issuing this be posted without change to http:// Border Protection, Office of interim final rule to amend the www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ International Trade, Commercial regulation authorizing a health claim on default.htm, including any personal Targeting and Enforcement, 1300 noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners information provided. For additional Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, and dental caries, i.e., tooth decay, to information on submitting comments, DC 20229’’. include isomaltulose, a noncariogenic see the ‘‘Comments’’ heading of the sugar. FDA is taking this action in I e. Paragraph (e)(2) is amended by SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of response to a health claim petition this document. removing the phrase ‘‘Customs may’’, submitted on behalf of Cargill, Inc. Docket: For access to the docket to and adding in its place the phrase ‘‘CBP Based on the totality of publicly read background documents or may’’. available scientific evidence, FDA now comments received, go to http:// § 181.93 [Amended] has determined that the nutritive www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ sweetener isomaltulose, like other default.htm and insert the docket I 9. In § 181.93: noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners number, found in brackets in the I a. In paragraph (a), the two references listed in the dental caries health claim heading of this document, into the to ‘‘Commissioner of Customs’’ are regulation, is not fermented by oral ‘‘Search’’ box and follow the prompts bacteria to an extent sufficient to lower removed and in each instance references and/or go to the Division of Dockets dental plaque pH to levels that would to ‘‘Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Management, 5630 Fishers Lane, rm. contribute to the erosion of dental Border Protection’’ are added in its 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. enamel. Therefore, FDA has concluded place, and the address citation FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: that isomaltulose does not promote Jillonne Kevala, Center for Food Safety ‘‘National Commodity Specialist dental caries, and it is amending the Division, United States Customs and Applied Nutrition (HFS–830), Food regulation authorizing a health claim and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Service, 6 World Trade Center, New relating certain noncariogenic York, NY 10048’’ is removed and the Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740– sweeteners and the nonpromotion of 3835, 301–436–1450. address citation ‘‘National Commodity dental caries to include isomaltulose as SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Specialist Division, U.S. Customs and a substance eligible for the claim. Border Protection, One Penn Plaza, 10th DATES: This interim final rule is I. Background Floor, New York, NY 10119’’ is added effective September 17, 2007. Submit The Nutrition Labeling and Education in its place. written or electronic comments by Act of 1990 (the 1990 amendments) I b. Paragraphs (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(3), December 3, 2007. (Pub. L. 101–535) amended the Federal (b)(4), (b)(5)(i)(A), and (d) are amended ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) by removing the word ‘‘Customs’’ each identified by Docket No. 2006P–0487, in a number of important respects. One by any of the following methods: aspect of the 1990 amendments was that Electronic Submissions they clarified FDA’s authority to Submit electronic comments in the regulate health claims on food labels following ways: and in food labeling. VerDate Aug<31>2005 15:49 Sep 14, 2007 Jkt 211001 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\17SER1.SGM 17SER1 mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with RULES 52784 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 179 / Monday, September 17, 2007 / Rules and Regulations In 1993, FDA issued a regulation to shall not lower plaque pH below 5.7 by dental health claim for isomaltulose. implement the health claim provisions bacterial fermentation either during FDA notified the petitioner on of the 1990 amendments entitled ‘‘Food consumption or up to 30 minutes after December 8, 2006, that the initial review Labeling: General Requirements for consumption, as measured by the of the petition had been completed and Health Claims for Food’’ (58 FR 2478, indwelling plaque pH test found in that the petition had been filed for January 6, 1993), which established a ‘Identification of Low Caries Risk further action in accordance with process for petitioning the agency to Dietary Components,’ ***.’’ section 403(r)(4) of the act. If the agency authorize health claims about FDA noted in the 1996 final rule that does not act, by either denying the substance-disease relationships and set it would consider adding other petition or issuing a proposed regulation out the types of information that a noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners to authorize the health claim, within 90 health claim petition must include (21 in the list of sweeteners eligible for the days of the date of filing for further CFR 101.70). This regulation became health claim based on a petition to action, the petition is deemed to be effective on May 8, 1993. amend the regulation that would show denied unless an extension is mutually The final rule that established how the substance conforms to the agreed upon by the agency and the § 101.80 (21 CFR 101.80) (61 FR 43433, requirements of §§ 101.14(b) (21 CFR petitioner (section 403(r)(4)(A)(i) of the August 23, 1996) (the 1996 final rule), 101.14(b)) and 101.80 and that provides act and 21 CFR 101.70(j)(3)(iii)). On relating sugar alcohols to the evidence that the additional March 5, 2007, FDA and the petitioner nonpromotion of dental caries, noncariogenic carbohydrate sweetener mutually agreed to extend the deadline completed the first rulemaking that FDA will not lower dental plaque pH below for the agency’s decision on the petition conducted in response to a health claim 5.7 (61 FR 43433 at 43442). Section until September 5, 2007. The petitioner petition (Docket No. 1995P–0003). 101.80 was first amended in 1997 to list requested that FDA consider exercise of Section 101.80 (the dental caries health the sugar alcohol erythritol as an its authority under section 403(r)(7) of claim) was subsequently amended, to additional noncariogenic carbohydrate the act to make the amendment to expand the substances which are the sweetener eligible for the claim (62 FR § 101.80 effective upon publication. 63653, December 2, 1997). The petition subject of the claim, to include B. Nature of the Substance noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners to list erythritol in § 101.80 (Docket No. other than sugar alcohols (67 FR 71461, 1997P–0206) presented scientific data The petitioner identified the December 2, 2002) (the 2002 from a rodent cariogenicity study and substance, which is the subject of the amendment). Section 101.80(a) from a human in vivo indwelling plaque petitioned health claim, to be describes the role of fermentable pH test of erythritol. The agency was isomaltulose. Isomaltulose (CAS Reg. carbohydrates, (i.e., most dietary sugars satisfied that this evidence was No. 13718–94–0) (6-O-a-D- and starches), in the development of consistent with the results of the studies glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) is a dental caries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Comparative Effect on Satiety and Subsequent Energy Intake of Ingesting Sucrose Or Isomaltulose Sweetened Trifle: a Randomized Crossover Trial
    nutrients Article The Comparative Effect on Satiety and Subsequent Energy Intake of Ingesting Sucrose or Isomaltulose Sweetened Trifle: A Randomized Crossover Trial Fiona E. Kendall, Olivia Marchand, Jillian J. Haszard and Bernard J. Venn * Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] (F.E.K.); [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (J.J.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-3-479-5068 Received: 25 September 2018; Accepted: 13 October 2018; Published: 15 October 2018 Abstract: The effect that blood glucose concentration has on feelings of satiety is unclear. Our aims were to assess satiety and subsequent energy intake following the ingestion of trifle sweetened with sucrose or isomaltulose whilst measuring plasma glucose concentration to confirm glycemic differences between trifles. Seventy-seven healthy adults participated in a double-blind crossover trial where trifle sweetened with sucrose or isomaltulose was consumed on separate days with a two-week washout. Blood was sampled at the baseline, 1 and 2 h postprandially, and satiety assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS). Weighed diet records were taken on test days. A statistically significant difference in blood glucose concentration between trifles was found at 60 min following consumption, with the isomaltulose trifle having a 0.69 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.07, −0.31) lower concentration when compared with the sucrose trifle. Mean satiety response by area-under-the-curve (AUC) was not significantly different between trifles. Mean (SD) appetite scores for the sucrose and isomaltulose trifles were 4493 (2393) and 4527 (2590) mm·min, respectively, with a between trifle difference of −9 (95% CI: −589, 572) mm·min.
    [Show full text]
  • FDA Finalizes Allulose Guidance and Requests Information on Other Sugars Metabolized Differently Than Traditional Sugars
    FDA Finalizes Allulose Guidance and Requests Information on Other Sugars Metabolized Differently Than Traditional Sugars October 19, 2020 Food, Drug, and Device FDA has taken two notable actions regarding the sugars declaration in the Nutrition Facts Label (NFL) and Supplement Facts Label (SFL). On Friday, the agency released a final guidance regarding the declaration of allulose, confirming that this monosaccharide need not be included in the declaration of “Total Sugars” or “Added Sugars,” though it must be included in the “Total Carbohydrates” declaration in the NFL. Today, FDA published a Federal Register notice requesting information about and comments on the nutrition labeling of other sugars that are metabolized differently than traditional sugars. We briefly summarize both documents below to help inform stakeholder comments on the notice, which are due to FDA by December 18, 2020. Allulose Final Guidance Allulose, or D-psicose, is a monosaccharide that can be used as a substitute for traditional sugar in food and beverage products. For purposes of nutrition labeling, FDA has generally 1 defined nutrients based on their chemical structure.0F Accordingly, when FDA updated its NFL and SFL regulations in 2016, the agency reiterated the definition of “Total Sugars” as the sum of 2 all free monosaccharides and disaccharides (e.g. glucose, fructose, and sucrose).1F FDA also added to these regulations a definition of “Added Sugars” – sugars added during the processing 3 of food, or packaged as such – and required their declaration in the NFL and SFL.2F Although the agency recognized that there are sugars that are metabolized differently than traditional sugars, FDA did not make a determination at that time as to whether allulose should be excluded from “Total Carbohydrate,” “Total Sugars,” or “Added Sugars” Declarations.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic, Hormonal and Performance Effects of Isomaltulose Ingestion Before Prolonged Aerobic Exercise: a Double-Blind, Randomised, Cross-Over Trial Hannah L
    Notbohm et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2021) 18:38 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00439-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Metabolic, hormonal and performance effects of isomaltulose ingestion before prolonged aerobic exercise: a double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial Hannah L. Notbohm1, Joshua F. Feuerbacher1, Finn Papendorf1, Nils Friese1, Mats W. Jacobs1, Hans-Georg Predel2, Jonas Zacher2, Wilhelm Bloch1 and Moritz Schumann1* Abstract Background: Isomaltulose has been discussed as a low glycaemic carbohydrate but evidence concerning performance benefits and physiological responses has produced varying results. Therefore, we primarily aimed to investigate the effects of isomaltulose ingestion compared to glucose and maltodextrin on fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, blood glucose levels and serum hormone concentrations of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). As secondary aims, we assessed running performance and gastrointestinal discomfort. Methods: Twenty-one male recreational endurance runners performed a 70-min constant load trial at 70% maximal running speed (Vmax), followed by a time to exhaustion (TTE) test at 85% Vmax after ingesting either 50 g isomaltulose, maltodextrin or glucose. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were calculated from spiroergometric data. Venous blood samples for measurement of GIP and insulin were drawn before, after the constant load trial and after the TTE. Capillary blood samples for glucose concentrations and subjective feeling of gastrointestinal discomfort were collected every 10 min during the constant load trial. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Carbohydrates and Health Report (ISBN 9780117082847)
    Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ISSN: 1040-8398 (Print) 1549-7852 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/bfsn20 The scientific basis for healthful carbohydrate profile Lisa M. Lamothe, Kim-Anne Lê, Rania Abou Samra, Olivier Roger, Hilary Green & Katherine Macé To cite this article: Lisa M. Lamothe, Kim-Anne Lê, Rania Abou Samra, Olivier Roger, Hilary Green & Katherine Macé (2017): The scientific basis for healthful carbohydrate profile, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1392287 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1392287 © 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC© Lisa M. Lamothe, Kim-Anne Lê, Rania Abou Samra, Olivier Roger, Hilary Green, and Katherine Macé Published online: 30 Nov 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 859 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=bfsn20 Download by: [Texas A&M University Libraries] Date: 09 January 2018, At: 10:24 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1392287 The scientific basis for healthful carbohydrate profile Lisa M. Lamothe, Kim-Anne Le,^ Rania Abou Samra, Olivier Roger, Hilary Green, and Katherine Mace Nestle Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, CP44, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Dietary guidelines indicate that complex carbohydrates should provide around half of the calories in a Dental caries; Obesity; Type 2 balanced diet, while sugars (i.e., simple carbohydrates) should be limited to no more than 5–10% of total diabetes; Cardiovascular energy intake.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Calorie, High-Protein Diet with Fiber for Patients with Diabetes Contains Isomaltulose, Which Contributes to Better Glycaemic Control
    High-Calorie, High-Protein Diet with fiber for patients with diabetes Contains isomaltulose, which contributes to better glycaemic control. For tube feeding. Calorie density: 1.20 Kcal/ml P/CH/Fat/Fiber = 22/40/35/3 Osmolarity: 315 mOsmol/l 50 NEUTRAL FLAVOUR 12X500 ml C.I. 504958 Vanilla Scent NEUTRAL FLAVOUR SUITABLE FOR CELIAC PATIENTS High-Calorie, High-Protein Diet High-Calorie, High-Protein 51 NUTRITION FACTS 100 ml 500 ml VITAMINS 100 ml 500 ml Energy 503/120 2515/600 kJ/kcal Vitamin A 64 320 µg-RE Total Fat 4.7 23.3 g Vitamin D 0.6 3 µg Of which: Saturated 1.04 5.2 g Vitamin K 6 30 µg MCT 0.7 3.5 g Vitamin C 6.4 32 mg Monounsaturated 2.3 11.7 g Thiamin 0.09 0.4 mg Polyunsaturated 1.1 5.6 g Riboflavin 0.1 0.5 mg ω-3 0.33 1.65 g Vitamin B6 0.1 0.5 mg ω-6 0.75 3.75 g Niacin 1.3 6.5 mg NE ω-6/ω-3 ratio: 2.27/1 Folic acid 16 80 µg Total Carbohydrates 12 60 g Vitamin B12 0.2 1 µg Of which: Sugars 2.5 12.5 g Pantothenic acid 0.5 2.5 mg Lactose 0.28 1.4 g Biotin 4 20 µg Dietary Fiber 1.8 9 g Vitamin E 1 5 mg α-TE Protein 6.6 33 g Inositol 15 75 mg Salt 0.28 1.4 g Choline 15 75 mg MINERALS 100 ml 500 ml Osmolaridad: 315 mOsmol/l Osmolality: 389 mOsm/kg Sodium 111 555 mg Viscosidad: 55.6 cps OH Chloride 45 225 mg It contains Isomaltulose (glucose O HO Isomaltulose Potassium 133 665 mg disaccharide and fructose: 1.2 g / 100 ml) HO OH Calcium 110 550 mg Low lactose content (not suitable for O OH Phosphorous 95 475 mg persons with galactosemia) O HO Magnesium 20 100 mg Low salt content (0.28 g / 100 ml) Iron 1.1 5.6 mg Gluten free HO OH Zinc 0.8 4 mg Without sucrose Copper 0.08 0.4 mg Vanilla scent to soften the effects of possible reflux Iodine 12 60 µg Selenium 4.4 22 µg NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION: Manganese 0.16 0.8 mg The standard dose (1,500 ml/day) contains 99 g of protein, Chromium 18 90 µg 180 g of carbohydrates, 69.9 g of fat, 27 g of fiber, 1,800 Molybdenum 4.2 21.1 µg kcal and provides 100% of the RDA (Recommended Dietary Fluoride 0.23 1.15 mg Allowance) of vitamins and minerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Assessment Report Application A578
    3-07 23 May 2007 FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT APPLICATION A578 ISOMALTULOSE AS A NOVEL FOOD For information on matters relating to this Assessment Report or the assessment process generally, please refer to http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/standardsdevelopment/ Executive Summary FSANZ received an application from PALATINIT GmbH on 27 April 2006 to amend Standard 1.5.1 – Novel Foods, of the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (the Code) to approve the use of isomaltulose as a novel food. Isomaltulose is a disaccharide comprised of glucose and fructose joined by an α-1,6 glycosidic bond. Isomaltulose is naturally present at very low levels in sugar cane juice and honey. Under the current food standards, novel foods are required to undergo a pre-market safety assessment, as per Standard 1.5.1 - Novel Foods. Isomaltulose is considered to be a non- traditional food because there is no history of significant human consumption in Australia or New Zealand. Based on the potential for increased consumption patterns if isomaltulose were used as a food ingredient, and the fact that the safety of isomaltulose had not yet been determined, isomaltulose is considered to be a novel food and is accordingly considered under Standard 1.5.1. The objective of this assessment is to determine whether it is appropriate to amend the Code to permit the use of isomaltulose as a novel food. Such an amendment would need to be consistent with the section 10 objectives of the FSANZ Act. The safety assessment and dietary exposure assessment indicate that isomaltulose poses no public health and safety concern to the vast majority of consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • Approval Report – Application A1123 Isomalto-Oligosaccharide As A
    16 May 2017 [13–17] Approval report – Application A1123 Isomalto-oligosaccharide as a Novel Food Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) assessed an Application made by Essence Group Pty Ltd via FJ Fleming Food Consulting Pty Ltd to permit isomalto-oligosaccharide as a novel food for use as an alternative (lower calorie) sweetener and bulk filler in a range of general purpose and special purpose foods, and prepared a draft food regulatory measure. On 13 December 2016, FSANZ sought submissions on a draft variation and published an associated report. FSANZ received six submissions. FSANZ approved the draft variation on 3 May 2017. The Australia and New Zealand Ministerial Forum on Food Regulation was notified of FSANZ’s decision on 15 May 2017. This Report is provided pursuant to paragraph 33(1)(b) of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (the FSANZ Act). i Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 THE APPLICANT ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 THE APPLICATION ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 CURRENT STANDARDS ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in The
    foods Article ArticleRapid HPLC Method for Determination of RapidIsomaltulose HPLC Methodin the Presence for Determination of Glucose, of Sucrose, Isomaltuloseand Maltodextrins in the in Presence Dietary of Supplements Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements Tomáš Crha and Jiří Pazourek * Tomáš Crha and Jiˇrí Pazourek * Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612 00 Brno, DepartmentCzech Republic; of Chemical [email protected] Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612* Correspondence: 00 Brno, Czech pazourekj@ph Republic; [email protected]; Tel.: +420-54156-2940 * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-54156-2940 Received: 19 July 2020; Accepted: 15 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Received: 19 July 2020; Accepted: 15 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known Abstract:as Palatinose)This paper from presents other acommon rapid HPLC edible method carb forohydrates the separation such ofas isomaltulose sucrose, glucose, (also known and asmaltodextrins, Palatinose) from which other are common commonly edible present carbohydrates in food and such dietary as sucrose, supplements. glucose, and This maltodextrins, method was whichapplied are to commonly determine present isomaltulose in food and in dietaryselected supplements. food supplements This method for special was applied diets toand determine athletic isomaltuloseperformance. inDue selected to the selectivity food supplements of the separation for special system, diets this and method athletic can performance. also be used for Due rapid to theprofiling selectivity analysis of the of separationmono-, di-, system, and oligosaccharides this method can in alsofood be.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar Matrix
    Based on perfact’s database holding ingredients for over 250,000 products, we found that almost 300 names for sugar that appear on food labels aren’t covered by the “56 names of sugar” and SugarScience’s 61 names of sugar. The exact number depends on how one counts. This document aims to be a basis to help draw the lines between what should be considered “sugar” within the scope of those lists – and what shouldn’t. Diagram elements ANNOTATED ALTERNATIVE NAME Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Diagram element constituting a dietary / functional fiber Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Diagram elements explicitly ANNOTATED on 56/61 lists ALTERNATIVE NAME Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Diagram elements explicitly or implicitly on 56/61 lists (e.g. because listed by one of its alternative name) Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Production pathways Most common Less common This is a working document in progress. Current as of February 2019 Polysaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides Sugar alcohols Heat under pressure with hydrogen and Raney-nickel Feed with glucose Ribose Ribitol Ribose syrup Ribitol syrup Bacillus spp. Treat with acid E 967 E 460 Xylose Xylitol E 460I, MCC, CELLULOSE GEL, Treat with acid, pulp, and bleach Xylose syrup Xylitol syrup MICROCELLULOSE Heat under pressure with hydrogen and Raney-nickel Woody plant Cellulose Microcrystalline parts cellulose Wood Treat with acid or enzymes Treat with acid, pulp, and bleach Feed with glucose/sucrose Curdlan Agrobacterium Feed
    [Show full text]
  • A Low Glycaemic Index Diet Incorporating Isomaltulose Is Associated with Lower Glycaemic Response and Variability, and Promotes Fat Oxidation in Asians
    nutrients Article A Low Glycaemic Index Diet Incorporating Isomaltulose Is Associated with Lower Glycaemic Response and Variability, and Promotes Fat Oxidation in Asians Christiani Jeyakumar Henry 1,2,*, Bhupinder Kaur 1, Rina Yu Chin Quek 1 and Stefan Gerardus Camps 1 1 Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore; [email protected] (B.K.); [email protected] (R.Y.C.Q.); [email protected] (S.G.C.) 2 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117596, Singapore * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +65-6407-0793 Received: 31 March 2017; Accepted: 5 May 2017; Published: 9 May 2017 Abstract: Low glycaemic index (GI) foods minimize large blood glucose fluctuations and have been advocated to enhance fat oxidation and may contribute to weight management. We determined whether the inclusion of isomaltulose compared to sucrose in a low/high GI meal sequence can modulate the glycaemic response and substrate oxidation in an Asian population. Twenty Chinese men (body mass index (BMI): 17–28 kg/m2) followed a 24 h low GI (isomaltulose, PalatinoseTM) or high GI (sucrose) diet in a randomized double-blind, controlled cross-over design. Treatment meals included dinner (day 1), breakfast, lunch, and snack (day 2). Continuous glucose monitoring provided incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE) and 10 h indirect calorimetry (whole body calorimeter) (day 2) provided energy expenditure and substrate oxidation.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovative Ingredients to Address Glycaemic Response
    INNOVATIVE INGREDIENTS TO ADDRESS GLYCAEMIC RESPONSE 1 In light of the public health concerns surrounding high incidence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome there is a critical need to manage blood glucose. The food and beverage industry can play an immense role in developing products which will serve this need via designing products to have a lower glycaemic response. This document will review: • The size of diabetes epidemic • The importance of managing blood glucose • The role of dietary interventions • Specific ingredients that can help reduce the blood glucose response in food products such as fibres, rare sugars, and low and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) Defining glycaemic response Various terms used to describe blood glucose changes can cause confusion. Table 1 details these definitions for numerous terms used to describe blood glucose - glycaemic response, glycaemic index, and glycaemic load. In this document, we will be referring to the clinical endpoint of glycaemic response. Table 1. Definitions of terms used to describe blood glucose responses to dietary components1. Glycaemic response (GR) Glycaemic index (GI) Glycaemic load (GL) • Post-prandial blood glucose • Representing quality of • GL = GI x available carbohydrate in response caused when a food carbohydrate. a given amount of food that contains carbohydrate is • % GR caused by a food containing consumed. • Available carbohydrates, and GL, 50 g of carbohydrate vs 50 g of the can be expresed as: • Also considered the change in reference carbohydrate (glucose blood glucose concentration over solution or white bread). • g per serving; time and represented as the area • Foods having carbohydrate • g per 100 g food; under the curve (AUC).
    [Show full text]
  • Why Sugar Is Added to Food: Food Science 101 Kara R
    Why Sugar Is Added to Food: Food Science 101 Kara R. Goldfein and Joanne L. Slavin Abstract: Avoiding too much sugar is an accepted dietary guidance throughout the world. The U.S. Nutrition Facts panel includes information on total sugars in foods. A focus on added sugars is linked to the concept of discretionary calories and decreasing consumption of added sugars or free sugars as a means to assist a consumer to identify foods that are nutrient-dense. On March 14, 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed that including “added sugars” declaration on the Nutrition Facts panel would be another tool to help consumers reduce excessive discretionary calorie intake from added sugars. Through deductive reasoning, labeling added sugars is one tactic to potentially curb the obesity epidemic in the United States. This review discusses the functions of sugar in food and shows that the methods used to replace added sugars in foods can result in no reduction in calorie content or improvement in nutrient density. Without clear benefit to the consumer for added sugars labeling, this review highlights the complex business obstacles, costs, and consumer confusion resulting from the proposed rule. Keywords: food labeling, nutrition facts, public health, sucrose, sugars Introduction labels. Given the recent public attention on added sugars, it was The obesity epidemic in the United States has been a key pub- not a surprise to see that “added sugars” is one of the suggested lic health issue due to the high rate of obesity and the increased changes. FDA is proposing the mandatory declaration of added healthcare cost associated with it.
    [Show full text]