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Sugar Matrix

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Based on perfact’s database holding ingredients for over 250,000 products, we found that almost 300 names for sugar that appear on food labels aren’t covered by the “56 names of sugar” and SugarScience’s 61 names of sugar. The exact number depends on how one counts. This document aims to be a basis to help draw the lines between what should be considered “sugar” within the scope of those lists – and what shouldn’t. Diagram elements ANNOTATED ALTERNATIVE NAME Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Diagram element constituting a dietary / functional fiber Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Diagram elements explicitly ANNOTATED on 56/61 lists ALTERNATIVE NAME Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Diagram elements explicitly or implicitly on 56/61 lists (e.g. because listed by one of its alternative name) Molecular Source Product sugar or sugar alcohol Production pathways Most common Less common This is a working document in progress. Current as of February 2019 Polysaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides Sugar alcohols Heat under pressure with hydrogen and Raney-nickel Feed with glucose Ribose Ribitol Ribose syrup Ribitol syrup Bacillus spp. Treat with acid E 967 E 460 Xylose Xylitol E 460I, MCC, CELLULOSE GEL, Treat with acid, pulp, and bleach Xylose syrup Xylitol syrup MICROCELLULOSE Heat under pressure with hydrogen and Raney-nickel Woody plant Cellulose Microcrystalline parts cellulose Wood Treat with acid or enzymes Treat with acid, pulp, and bleach Feed with glucose/sucrose Curdlan Agrobacterium Feed with glucose/sucrose GlucanGlucan - - Beta Beta Athelia rolfsii Scleroglucan Beta Beta OAT BETA-GLUCAN, CELLOTRIOSE, CELLOTETRAOSE, Clean seeds, grind, treat with enzymes Treat with enzymes CELLOPENTAOSE, CELLOHEXAOSE, Tamarind CELLOHEPTAOSE, Xyloglucan CELLOOCTAOSE, HIGH DP CELLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES Lyse cells (proprietary process) Treat with acid or enzymes Baker’s Yeast Hydrolyzed Beta-Glucan Treat with enzymes, wet mill, sieve, treat with solvent BARLEY MALT, MALT BARLEY, MALTED BARLEY, MALT Oat FLOUR, MALTED FLOUR, MALT BARLEY FLOUR, MALTED BARLEY FLOUR, WHOLE GRAIN BARLEY MALT, WHOLE GRAIN MALT, WHOLE GRAIN MALT BARLEY, WHOLE GRAIN MALTED BARLEY, WHOLE GRAIN MALT FLOUR, WHOLE GRAIN MALTED FLOUR, WHOLE GRAIN MALT Almond BARLEY FLOUR, WHOLE GRAIN MALTED BARLEY FLOUR, DIASTATIC MALT, BROWN RICE MALT, RICE MALT, CORN MALT, MALTED CORN, MALTED WHEAT, MILLET MALT, OAT MALT, AVENA SATIVA MALT,RYE Barley MALT, SPELT MALT, CEREAL MALT MALTED WHEAT EXTRACT MALTOSE SYRUP, BARLEY MALT SYRUP, BARLEY SYRUP, MALT SYRUP, MALTED BARLEY SYRUP, BARLEY MALT Mash Heat Treat with enzymes or acid EXTRACT, MALTED BARLEY EXTRACT, MALT EXTRACT, Bermuda EXTRACTIVES OF MALT, BROWN RICE SYRUP, BROWN RICE Arrowroot MALT SYRUP, RICE SYRUP, CORN MALT SYRUP, MALTED HIGH- CORN SYRUP, MALTED OAT SYRUP, MALTED SORGHUM MALTOSE Hydrolyzed SYRUP, MALTED CEREAL SYRUP, OAT SYRUP E 965, E965II Wort Malt Extract CORN SYRUP Malt Extract MALTOBIOSE, MALT Cassava Malt Heat Treat with enzymes SUGAR Maltose Maltitol Corn Malt Malt syrup High-maltose syrup Maltitol Syrup E 965, E965I, LYCASIN™ CORN SYRUP, CORN STARCH SYRUP, CONFECTIONER’S GLUCOSE SOLIDS, Millet SYRUP, GLUCOSUM LIQUIDUM, CORN SYRUP SOLIDS Treat with enzymes OAT SYRUP, TAPIOCA SYRUP SORBITOL SYRUP, E Trehalose E 964 420, E 420II Mungo bean Trehalose syrup Treat with enzymes Spray dry Glucan Glucan Glucan Glucan Glucose syrup Glucose syrup Glucitol Syrup Polyglucitol Syrup Feed to Pea E 1204 E 1200 Condensate with sorbitol and citric acid Aureobasidium pullulans solids Hydrogenated Potato Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysates Starch Pullulan Polydextrose Hydrolysates Starch Syrup HeatHeat under under pressure pressure with with hydrogen hydrogen and Raney-nickel ARROWROOT, ARROWROOT STARCH, BLACK GRAM STARCH, Treat with enzymes ACID TREATED STARCH, E 1401, OXIDIZED STARCH@E 1404 Rye VIGNA MUNGO STARCH, MUNGO BEAN STARCH, CORN STARCH, ZEA MAYS STARCH, MAIZE STARCH, WAXY MAIZE STARCH, PEA STARCH, GRAPE SUGAR, Soy GREEN PEA STARCH, POTATO D-GLUCOSE, Modified starch SORBITOL, STARCH, RICE STARCH, SWEET DEXTROSE POTATO STARCH, TAPIOCA, Treat with enzymes E 420, E 420I SORGHUM FLOUR CASSAVA STARCH, WHEAT STARCH Treat with acid / treat with amylase Glucan Glucan Spelt Glucose Glucitol - - Grind Wash out Heat Treat with enzymes Alpha Alpha Flour Starch Dextrin Maltodextrin Sweet Alpha-Glucan Sorghum oligosaccharides ALMOND DEXTRIN, BARLEY DEXTRIN, HYDROLYZED CORN STARCH, CORN DEXTRIN, POTATO DEXTRIN, RICE HYDROLYZED ZEE MAYS DEXTRIN, SOYBEAN DEXTRIN, TAPIOCA STARCH, HYDROLYZED WHEAT Amylopectin DEXTRIN, WHEAT DEXTRIN, E 1400 STARCH, MALTODEXTRINE, Rice CORN MALTODEXTRIN, POTATO Heat at high pressure MALTODEXTRIN, RICE MALTODEXTRIN, TAPIOCA Amylodextrin MALTODEXTRIN, MALTOTRIOSE Wheat Treat withperacetic acid E 1403 Pregelatinized Bleached starch flour PREGELATINIZED CORN FLOUR, PREGELATINIZED CULTURED WHEAT STARCH WHEAT FLOUR, Ferment with bacteria Cultured starch Treat with cupper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide Oxidized starch PREGELATINIZED CORN Cook, dry, grind STARCH, PREGELATINIZED WHEAT STARCH, Pregelatinized starch Feed with sucrose Treat with enzymes Leuconostoc mesenteroides Dextran BROWN SUGAR, BROWN BEET SUGAR, BROWN CANE JUICE EVAPORATED CANE JUICE, SUGAR CANE CANE SUGAR, DEMERARA TREACLE, BLACK DEHYDRATED CANE JUICE, SYRUP, CANE SUGAR, TURBINADO TREACLE, BLACKSTRAP EVAPORATED CANE JUICE SYRUP, CANE SUGAR, MUSCOVADO MOLASSES, CANE Shred, crush CRYSTALS, CANE JUICE JUICE SYRUP, SUGAR, MUSCOVADO, MOLASSES, CANE SUGAR CRYSTALS, EVAPORATED SORGHUM BARBADOS SUGAR, MOLASSES, SUGAR BEET SUGAR CANE JUICE SYRUP SHARKARA, PANOCHA, MOLASSES RAW SUGAR, GOLDEN Sugar SUGAR, YELLOW SUGAR ~16 % Treat with enzymes cane Sucrose Separate Separate CANE SUGAR, CANE, CANE SWEETENER, CANE REFINERY SYRUP Press, lime, filter Heat Molasses Raffinose REFINED SUGAR, SACCHARUM Sugar Juice Syrup OFFICINALE, WHITE SUGAR, GRANULATED ~20 % Separate SUGAR, POWDERED SUGAR, beet Sucrose CONFECTIONER’S SUGAR, ICING SUGAR, CASTOR SUGAR, CASTER SUGAR Sugar BEET SUGAR INVERTED SUGAR, INVERT CANE SYRUP,INVERTED CANE SUGAR, Heat with water INVERT SUGAR SYRUP, INVERT Press, lime, filter and citric acid / SYRUP, INVERTED SUGAR SYRUP, treat with invertase INVERSOL™, NULOMOLINE™, Sweet ~13 % GOLDEN SYRUP, COLOROSE™, TRIMOLINE™ ISOMALT Sorghum Sucrose REFINER’S SYRUP, Invert Sugar SYRUP REFINERY SYRUP, PALATINOSE™ DATE SUGAR, LIGHT TREACLE SULFITE AMMONIA CARAMEL, ACID-PROOF CARAMEL, SACCHAROSE SOFT-DRINK CARAMEL, E 150D Caramel Color Color CaramelCaramel AMMONIA CARAMEL, BAKER’S CARAMEL, CONFECTIONER’S CARAMEL, BEER CARAMEL, E 150C Sucrose Isomaltulose Roast Isolmaltitol Isomaltulose Sugar ISOMALT, E 953 Isomaltitol CAUSTIC SULFITE CARAMEL, E 150B syrup Caramel syrup PLAIN CARAMEL, CAUSTIC CARAMEL, SPIRIT CARAMEL, CARAMELIZED SUGAR, E 150A CAROB SYRUP, CAROB BEAN Heat under pressure with hydrogen and Raney-nickel SYRUP, LOCUST BEAN SYRUP, CERATONIA SILIQUA SYRUP, SUGAR MAPLE SYRUP, MAPLE SYRUP Heat, add butter boil ~50 % Sucrose Carob Buttered syrup Collect sap, boil Dry, grind Treat with enzymes ~11 % Chop, dry Sucrose Coconut Palm Syrup Sugar COCONUT BLOSSOM SUGAR, COCONUT SUGAR, COCONUT Collect sap, boil PALM SUGAR, PALM SUGAR, MAPLE SUGAR Treat with various substances ~4 % Sugar maple, Sucrose black maple, Honey extract red maple FRUIT SUGAR, Honey D-FRUCTOFURANOSE, D-FRUCTOSE, D-ARABINO-HEXULOSE Fructose Fructitol Press FRUCTOSE SYRUP, Dates HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP, AGAVE SYRUP, AGAVE HFCS, GLUCOSE- NECTAR, DATE SYRUP, FRUCTOSE, EUROPEAN PEAR SYRUP, ISOGLUCOSE, HIGH PYRUS COMMUNIS FRUCTOSE SYRUP, Cut, collect SYRUP, GRAPE SYRUP POTATO SYRUP Agave Press Heat Treat with enzymes Crystallize Juice Syrup Glucose- Crystalline Grapes fructose fructose Press syrup Corn Sweetener Apple CHICORY SYRUP, CICHORIUM Press INTYBUS SYRUP, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE SYRUP, AGAVE INULIN, HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS CHICORY INULIN SYRUP, TOPINAMBUR SYRUP, OLIGOFRUCTOSE SYRUP Pear, ... Treat with enzymes Treat with enzymes, Treat withfilter enzymes, Chicory filter Clean,Clean, grind grind Treat with enzymes Extract with ethanol Fructan Fructan Flour Syrup Inulin Jerusalem Heat and treat with acid Artichoke Slice, dry, and grind tuber Treat with propanol Konjac Gum Glucomannan Glucomannan Glucomannan Treat with enzymes Clean seeds, grind KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN, E 425II, KONJAC GLUCOMANNANE, KONJAC MANNANE Mannose Syrup Mannitol syrup Collect sap from bark Heat under pressure with hydrogen and Raney-nickel Astragalus Clean seeds CAROB BEAN GUM, LOCUST BEAN GUM, CERATONIA SILIQUA Cassia GUM, LBG, CAROB SEED GUM, CAROBEAN GUM, CAROB GUM, CAROBIN, E 410, CASSIA GUM, SENNA OBTUSIFOLIA GUM, CASSIA OBTUSIFOLIA GUM, CASSIA TORA GUM, E 427, EGYPTIAN THORN Clean seeds, grind STEM BARK EXTRACT, ACACIA ARABICA STEM BARK EXTRACT, VACHELLIA NILOTICA STEM BARK EXTRACT, ACACIA NILOTICA Fenugreek STEM BARK EXTRACT, GUM ARABIC, GUM ARABIC TREE GUM, ACACIA SENEGAL GUM, ACACIA SENEGAL GUM EXTRACT, SENEGALIA SENEGAL GUM, RED ACACIA GUM, ACACIA SEYAL GUM, ACACIA SEYAL GUM EXTRACT, VACHELLIA SEYAL GUM, E 414, ARABIC GUM, ACACIA GUM, GUM ACACIA, GUAR GUM, Clean seeds, grind CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, GUAR SEED GUM, E 412, GUARAN, GUM GHATTI, E 419, GUM TRAGACANTH, TRAGACANTH, HYDROLYZED TARA GUM, ASTRAGALUS ADSCENDENS GUM, ASTRAGALUS GUMMIFER GUM, Guar Bean HYDROLYZED CAESALPINIA ASTRAGALUS BRACHYCALYX GUM, ASTRAGALUS Treat with enzymes SPINOSA GUM MOS SYRUP TRAGACANTHUS GUM, SHIRAZ GUM, SHIRAZ, GUM ELECT, GUM MANNA SUGAR, DRAGON, E 413, TARA GUM, E 417 MANNITE, E 421
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  • Effects of D-Allulose on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Response to A

    Effects of D-Allulose on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Response to A

    Clinical care/Education/Nutrition Open access Original research BMJ Open Diab Res Care: first published as 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001939 on 26 February 2021. Downloaded from Effects of D- allulose on glucose tolerance and insulin response to a standard oral sucrose load: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study Francesco Franchi ,1 Dmitry M Yaranov,1 Fabiana Rollini,1 Andrea Rivas,1 Jose Rivas Rios,1 Latonya Been,1 Yuma Tani,2 Masaaki Tokuda,3 Tetsuo Iida,2 Noriko Hayashi,2 Dominick J Angiolillo,1 Arshag D Mooradian1 To cite: Franchi F, Yaranov DM, ABSTRACT Rollini F, et al. Effects of D- Introduction Current dietary guidelines recommend Significance of this study allulose on glucose tolerance limiting sugar intake for the prevention of diabetes and insulin response to a mellitus (DM). Reduction in sugar intake may require sugar What is already known about this subject? standard oral sucrose load: substitutes. Among these, D- allulose is a non- calorie rare ► D- allulose is defined one of the rare sugars, results of a prospective, which has been shown in animal and clinical randomized, crossover study. monosaccharide with 70% sweetness of sucrose, which has shown anti- DM effects in Asian populations. However, studies, conducted mostly in Asian populations, BMJ Open Diab Res Care to have postprandial plasma glucose suppres- 2021;9:e001939. doi:10.1136/ there is limited data on the effects of D- allulose in other sive effects with antiobesity and antidiabetic bmjdrc-2020-001939 populations, including Westerners. Research design and methods This was a prospective, effects. copyright. randomized, double- blind, placebo- controlled, crossover What are the new findings? ► Supplemental material is study conducted in 30 subjects without DM.
  • United States Patent Office

    United States Patent Office

    - 2,926,180 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 23, 1960 2 cycloalkyl, etc. These substituents R and R' may also be substituted with various groupings such as carboxyl 2,926,180 groups, sulfo groups, halogen atoms, etc. Examples of CONDENSATION OF AROMATIC KETONES WITH compounds which are included within the scope of this CARBOHYDRATES AND RELATED MATER ALS 5 general formula are acetophenone, propiophenone, benzo Carl B. Linn, Riverside, Ill., assignor, by mesne assign phenone, acetomesitylene, phenylglyoxal, benzylaceto ments, to Universal Oil Products Company, Des phenone, dypnone, dibenzoylmethane, benzopinacolone, Plaines, Ill., a corporation of Delaware dimethylaminobenzophenone, acetonaphthalene, benzoyl No Drawing. Application June 18, 1957 naphthalene, acetonaphthacene, benzoylnaphthacene, ben 10 zil, benzilacetophenone, ortho-hydroxyacetophenone, para Serial No. 666,489 hydroxyacetophenone, ortho - hydroxy-para - methoxy 5 Claims. (C. 260-345.9) acetophenone, para-hydroxy-meta-methoxyacetophenone, zingerone, etc. This application is a continuation-in-part of my co Carbohydrates which are condensed with aromatic pending application Serial No. 401,068, filed December 5 ketones to form a compound selected from the group 29, 1953, now Patent No. 2,798,079. consisting of an acylaryl-desoxy-alditol and an acylaryl This invention relates to a process for interacting aro desoxy-ketitol include simple sugars, their desoxy- and matic ketones with carbohydrates and materials closely omega-carboxy derivatives, compound sugars or oligo related to carbohydrates. The process relates more par saccharides, and polysaccharides. ticularly to the condensation of simple sugars, their 20 Simple sugars include dioses, trioses, tetroses, pentoses, desoxy- and their omega-carboxy derivatives, compound hexoses, heptoses, octoses, nonoses, and decoses. Com sugars or oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides with aro pound sugars include disaccharides, trisaccharides, and matic ketones in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride tetrasaccharides.