Calories Are Different DEPENDING on WHERE THEY COME FROM, THEY HAVE a DIFFERENT EFFECT

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Calories Are Different DEPENDING on WHERE THEY COME FROM, THEY HAVE a DIFFERENT EFFECT , ,, ,, LET S DEBUNK THIS MYTH: ALL CALORIES SHOULD BE TREATED EQUALLY This myth is a dangerous assumption Threatening our health COUNTING CALORIES HAS BEEN MISLEADING! a calorie IS A unit OF measurEMENT Conventionally used The system dates back It fails to accurately reveal to measure the amount of to the 1900s; it is useful what happens to energy from energy that foods produce but also inadequate foods once in our body WE BURN DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF CALORIES TO DIGEST DIFFERENT FOOD FIBERS PROTEINS FATS You eat 160 calories in It takes twice as much energy All fats are 9 calories/gram. almonds, but only absorb to metabolize protein than it But omega-3 fats are 130 because some fiber takes to metabolize carbs heart-healthy, while trans calories pass through (more calories are fats will clog your arteries without metabolizing spent in processing it) and kill you then calories are different DEPENDING ON WHERE THEY COME FROM, THEY HAVE A DIFFERENT EFFECT High-risk diseases Type 2 diabetes , reached epidemic a DANGEROUS LEVELS, AND are metabolic diSEASE, linked to sugar IS NOW AN IMMINENT overconsumption RISK FOR CHILDREN Sugar is like alcohol for a child. The food industry targets customers Without limits, sugar can cause at early ages, with tactics like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease those used by the tobacco industry 20 years ago, type 2 diabetes Today, in the U.S. there are was so rarely found in children that 60,000 children with cases were reported in medical journals type 2 diabetes companies FILL our foods with tons of HIDDEN ADDED SUGAR 61 names like rice Soft drinks contain The average breakfast 74% of all food items syrup, barley malt and 37% of all added cereal likely exceeds the in U.S. grocery stores fruit juice concentrate sugars consumed recommended 5% daily have added sugars all mean sugar in the United States sugar limit for children ADDED SUGAR PROVIDES NO NUTRITION AND IS HARMFUL IN HIGH QUANTITY 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs A PERSON CONSUMES 9O LBS OF ADDED SUGAR PER YEAR, 1/2 OF THIS IS IN FOODS YOU DON'T KNOW HAVE IT THROUGH MISLEADING ADVERTISING THE TRUTH IS THAT Food corporations promote grossly the quality of calories unhealthy products as routes to “happiness”. is more important than They use sophisticated manipulation the quantity of calories. techniques to increase consumption, Real food conveys undermining public health health not disease THE FOOD BUSINESS IS NOT IN THE HEALTH BUSINESS SUGAR HAS ADDICTIVE PROPERTIES SUGAR IS A CHEAP PRESERVATIVE High doses alter our hormones, so It helps to extend the shelf life we feel hungrier and we buy more of foods maximizing profits THE FOOD INDUSTRY HAS PUT US WAY OVER OUR LIMIT: LIKE ALCOHOL, A LITTLE SUGAR IS FINE, but a lot is not Added sugar is a food Increasing total calories has additive, not a food. It causes Sugar little effect on diabetes metabolic disorders in both prevalence—unless those calories in excess is are from added sugar overweight and thin people toxiC Consuming just one sugary One fourth of the world's beverage/day increases your diabetes is caused by risk of diabetes by 29% sugar alone IF THIN PEOPLE GET SICK THEN IT'S NOT BEHAVIOR, it’s an exposure AN INDUSTRIAL EPIDEMIC THAT CONTINUES TO GROW 1,500 American soldiers lost a limb in combat during Unlike infectious diseases - like the Iraq and Afghanistan wars malaria, tuberculosis, or AIDS - industrial epidemics are driven DURING THAT SAME PERIOD by corporations for profits 1.5 million people in the U.S. Processed foods and drinks lost limbs to amputations are more profitable from Type 2 diabetes, than nutrient-rich foods a preventable disease GOVERNMENT’S JOB IS TO LIMIT EXPOSURE BUT COMMITMENT FROM INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITIES IS VITAL EAT BETTER AND EXERCISE We can make TEACH CHILDREN change ANALYZE BY MODELING MISLEADING ADS EDUCATE OURSELVES SCRUTINIZE FOOD LABELS .
Recommended publications
  • A/Prof Ken Sikaris Melbourne Pathology Bsc(Hons), MBBS, FRCPA, FAACB, Ffsc
    AACB July Webinar The Clinical Biochemistry of SUGAR A/Prof Ken Sikaris Melbourne Pathology BSc(Hons), MBBS, FRCPA, FAACB, FFSc A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Prof. Robert H Lustig, San Francisco A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Lustig R.H. “Obesity and the toxic environment”, Clin Biochem Rev. 2008 Nov; S120–S121 Lustig RH, Schmidt LA, Brindis CD, “The toxic truth about sugar.” Nature 2012;482:27-9 A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 I love sugar A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Life loves ‘sugar’.... A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Glucose – The Universal Fuel Archaea Bacteria / Eukaryotes Gluconeogenesis A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Humans and Glucose Glucose INSULIN A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Carbohydrate ENERGY OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE CARBO ENERGY HYDRATE WATER Hydration A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Seasonal Fruits A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Plants and seed dispersal A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Carbohydrates • Mono-saccharides – Glucose, Fructose, Galactose • Di-saccharides – Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose • Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Sweetness A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Carbohydrates • Mono-saccharides – Glucose, Fructose, Galactose • Di-saccharides – Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose • Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase • Polysaccharides – Starches, Fibre A/Prof Ken Sikaris 9th July 2014 Plants • Make Carbohydrate • But glucose
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Handout
    HEALTH INDICATOR 13: HEALTH INDICATOR 1:SUGAR-SWEETENED INDIVIDUALS BELOW BEVERAGE 200% FEDERAL CONSUMPTION POVERTY LEVEL (FPL) DESIRED RESULT: REDUCE OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY DESIRED RESULT: DECREASE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING IN POVERTY Rationale for Selection: CURRENT TARGET Rationale for Selection: Obesity continues to be a concern in North Carolina. Sugar-sweetened 33.6%CURRENT 17.0%TARGET (Youth-2017) (Youth) beveragesIncome (SSB) level are the is aleading strong source predictor of calories of a andperson’s added access sugars toin 36.8% 27% the Americanresources diet. and health status. Low income restricts access to 34.2%(2013-17) 20.0% (Adults-2017) (Adults) quality housing, transportation, food, and education, which Context F, G Obesity islimits one of the opportunities largest contributors tofor morbidity people and mortality to live healthy lives. DEFINITION DEFINITION 102 Percent of youth and adults reporting in the United States, for both youth and adults. Across all ages, the “Sugar-sweetened Percent of individuals with incomes at or consumption of one or more sugar- rates of obesity continue to rise. For years, efforts to reduce overweight beverages (SSBs) are below 200% of the FPL sweetened beverages (SSBs) per day and obesityContext have largely been focused on physical activity and healthy the leading dietary eating (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake). New efforts are also targeting Poverty is directly linked to negative health outcomes. Income is centralsource to ofaccessing added resources sugar DETAILSDETAILS sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, which is directly linked Not applicable needed to be healthy such as safe housing, nutritious food, education, and transportation,103 Youth (high school students) and adults to obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and dental problems.103 for Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toxic Truth About Sugar Added Sweeteners Pose Dangers to Health That Justify Controlling Them Like Alcohol, Argue Robert H
    COMMENT ECOLOGY How elephants NEUROSCIENCE The LITERATURE How Charles OBITUARY Philip Lawley and the could reduce fire risk in source of the self in Dickens drew on science, but discovery that DNA damage Australia p.30 the brain’s wiring p.31 left room for wonder p.32 can cause cancer p.36 ILLUSTRATION BY MARK SMITH BY ILLUSTRATION The toxic truth about sugar Added sweeteners pose dangers to health that justify controlling them like alcohol, argue Robert H. Lustig, Laura A. Schmidt and Claire D. Brindis. ast September, the United Nations will have a normal lifespan. Conversely, up declared that, for the first time in SUMMARY to 40% of normal-weight people develop human history, chronic non-commu- ● Sugar consumption is linked to a rise the diseases that constitute the metabolic Lnicable diseases such as heart disease, cancer in non-communicable disease syndrome: diabetes, hypertension, lipid and diabetes pose a greater health burden ● Sugar’s effects on the body can be problems, cardio­vascular disease and worldwide than do infectious diseases, similar to those of alcohol non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity contributing to 35 million deaths annually. ● Regulation could include tax, limiting is not the cause; rather, it is a marker for This is not just a problem of the developed sales during school hours and placing metabolic dysfunction, which is even more world. Every country that has adopted the age limits on purchase prevalent. Western diet — one dominated by low-cost, The UN announcement targets tobacco, highly processed food — has witnessed rising alcohol and diet as the central risk factors rates of obesity and related diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • 17 Products You Didn't Know Had Added Sugar
    17 Products you didn’t know had added sugar! Adapted from Healthline.com 1. Low-Fat Yogurt Yogurt can be a highly nutritious food. However, not all yogurt is created equal. Like many other low-fat products, low-fat yogurts have sugar added to them to enhance flavor. It's best to choose full-fat, natural or Greek yogurt. 2. BBQ Sauce BBQ sauce can make a tasty marinade or dip. However, 2 tablespoons of it can contain around 14 grams of sugar, or over 3 teaspoons. In fact, up to 40% of the weight of BBQ sauce may be pure sugar. 3. Ketchup Ketchup is one of the most popular condiments worldwide, but like BBQ sauce, it is often loaded with sugar. A single tablespoon of ketchup contains 1 teaspoon of sugar. 4. Fruit Juice It usually takes a lot of fruit to produce a single glass of fruit juice, so you get much more sugar in a glass of juice than you would get by eating whole fruit. This makes it easy to consume a large amount of sugar quickly. It's best to choose whole fruit and minimize your intake of fruit juices. 5. Spaghetti Sauce All spaghetti sauces will contain some natural sugar given that they're made with tomatoes. However, many spaghetti sauces have extra sugar added to them as well. Check the ingredient list! 6. Sports Drinks Sports drinks can often be mistaken as a healthy choice for those who exercise. However, sports drinks are designed to hydrate and fuel trained athletes during prolonged, intense periods of exercise.
    [Show full text]
  • A Scientific Look at the Impact of Sugar Allison C. Sylvetsky, Phd Assistant Professor Department of Exercise and Nutr
    A Scientific Look at the Impact of Sugar Maia C. Kats, Of Counsel, Kaplan Fox & Kilsheimer LLP Allison C. Sylvetsky, Assistant Professor, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University Kurt D. Weaver, Partner, Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP Moderated by Suzie L. Trigg, Partner, Haynes & Boone LLP and Chair, Food Adverting, Labeling, and Litigation Conference A Scientific Look at the Impact of Sugar Allison C. Sylvetsky, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences The Milken Institute School of Public Health [email protected] September 26th, 2019 1 Presentation outline • Sugar consumption • What is sugar? • What happens to sugar in the body? • How does sugar impact health? 2 Sugar consumption • Sugar contributes significantly to energy intake in the United States • Sugar is believed to play an important role in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease • Current levels of consumption have increased compared to prior generations 3 Sugar consumption • Sugars have always been present in the human diet • Sugars are now present in a wide range of foods and beverages and sugars are often “hidden” • Sugars are added to foods for a variety of reasons, some unrelated to taste • For example: browning, preservation, texture 4 Recommendations for Added Sugar • World Health Organization (as per 2015 guidance) recommends that added sugar comprise less than 10% of total daily calories Example: 2,000 calorie diet → maximum of 200 calories from added sugar (50 g) 39 g 15 g 4 g 20 g 5 Recommendations for Added Sugar • The American Heart Association (as of 2010) recommended an upper limit of 6 teaspoons per day for women and 9 teaspoons per day for men.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cancer
    Sugar, metabolic syndrome, and cancer Robert H. Lustig, M.D., M.S.L. Emeritus Professor Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics Institute for Health Policy Studies University of California, San Francisco Adjunct Faculty UC Hastings College of the Law U. Nevada-Reno, November 6, 2017 Disclosures Obesity and Cancer Obesity is a risk factor for cancer Lustig and Bradlow, In: Gagel et al. Int Medicine and Cancer, 2011 Obesity is a risk factor for certain cancers Lustig and Bradlow, In: Gagel et al. Int Medicine and Cancer, 2011 Relative risk of individual cancers due to obesity in 5.2 million UK adults, with smoking removed Bhaskaran et al. Lancet 14 Aug 2014, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60892-8 International Agency for Research on Cancer Lauby-Secretan et al. N Engl J Med 375:794, 2016 • Education and awareness • Clinical guidance, tools, resources • Research promotion • Policy and advocacy • Weight management in cancer survivors J Clin Oncol Oct 1, 2014 But is it just about the calories? Obesity is the problem (?) Obesity is the problem (?) It’s about calories and obesity — or is it? Basu et al. PLoS One 8:e58783, 2013 It’s about calories and obesity — or is it? Basu et al. PLoS One 8:e58783, 2013 It’s about calories and obesity — or is it? Basu et al. PLoS One 8:e58783, 2013 It’s about calories and obesity — or is it? Basu et al. PLoS One 8:e58783, 2013 Diabetes is NOT a subset of obesity • Obesity is increasing worldwide by 1% per year • Diabetes is increasing worldwide by 4% per year Secular trend in diabetes among U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts on Sugar Drink Consumption
    Facts on Sugar Drink Consumption Pouring sugar into Americans’ diets In 2013, the average American drank just over 38 gallons of soda a year—or about eight 12-ounce cans a week.1 In 2011, beverage companies produced enough sugar drinks (e.g., sodas, fruit drinks, sports drinks, sweetened teas and coffees, and energy drinks) to provide an average of 45 gallons per American—or slightly more than nine 12-ounce cans a week.2 Sugar drinks were the single-largest source of calories from added sugar in the American diet in 2010, providing an average of about five percent of total calories per person.3 Sugar drinks accounted for 39 percent of all added sugars in the American diet in 2010.4 According to 2009–2010 NHANES data, about 30 percent of adults consume at least one sugar drink per day.5 Sugar drinks significant in teens’ diets Soda, energy drinks, and sports drinks are a top source of calories in children’s and teens’ diets, accounting for 118 calories per day.6 For two to eighteen-year-olds, sugar drinks account for 60 percent of total daily calories from added sugar.7 In 2015, 20 percent of high school students drank soda one or more times per day, 13 percent of students drank two or more, and 7 percent drank three or more. 8 In 2010, U.S. youth consumed an average of 155 calories from sugar-sweetened beverages, amounting to 8 percent of their daily calorie intake.9 In 2008, five percent of children, 16 percent of adolescents, and 20 percent of young adults consumed more than 500 calories a day from sugar drinks—an amount equivalent
    [Show full text]
  • No Added Sugar Or Unsweetened Products
    Removing Sugar from Your Diet Mara Schwartz BSN, RN, CDE, CPT Diabetes Education Coordinator What do you mean by “added sugar”? Added sugar = processed sugar, the sugar you add to cookies, cakes, drinks. Not the natural sugar found in fruits, vegetables and milk. Added sugar has no nutrients 1 sugar cube = 1 teaspoon = 12 calories, 4 calories per gram of sugar and weighs 3 grams. Negative effects of too much sugar in your diet. Our bodies do not need sugar to function A diet with >25% of calories from sugar, triples the risk for death due a cardiac event compared to a diet containing <10% added sugar. Increased weight Increased fat storage http://www.diabetes.co.uk/news/2017/dec/new-research-links-high-sugar-diets-to-increased-risk-of-heart-disease-97854493.html How does added sugar get into our diet? It’s not just the cookies, cakes and candy. Sugar is added to items like spaghetti sauce, salad dressing, sauces, yogurt, breads. While the items in the pictures below look good and can be good for you, the sauces and fruit added to the yogurt contain sugar. The good news is you can find products with less sugar in them. How much added sugar can I have? The American Heart Association suggests: Women – no more than 100 calories or about 6 teaspoons of sugar a day. This equals 25 grams of sugar. Males – no more than 150 calories or about 9 teaspoons of sugar a day. This equals 36 grams of sugar. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/Nutrition/Added-Sugars_UCM_305858_Article.jsp# Choose no sugar added beverages, try flavored seltzer (no artificial sweeteners) instead of soda.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar in Food and Drinks
    Sugar in Foods and Beverages Your Kaiser Permanente Care Instructions A diet high in sugary foods and drinks can lead to long term problems like weight gain and tooth decay for you and your child. Reading the Nutrition Facts label for added sugar content, and having sweets in moderation can help you monitor daily sugar intake. What are added sugars? Added sugars are sugars and syrups that are added to foods and beverages when they are processed or prepared. Some added sugars include brown sugar, corn syrup, dextrose, fructose, and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). You may also see other names used for added sugars that are not recognized by the FDA as an ingredient name. These include evaporated corn sweetener, fruit juice concentrate, crystal dextrose, glucose, liquid fructose, sugar cane juice, and fruit nectar. What should I look for on food labels? Make sure that added sugars are not one of the first few items on the Nutrition Facts label. Some foods have more than one type of sugar in their ingredients. Sugar can be hidden in many forms. Some examples include corn sweetener, molasses, honey, and sucrose. Limit added sugars to: Age Tsp. per day Grams per day Children to age 8 3-4 tsp 12-16 g Age 9-19 5-8 tsp 20-32 g Adult Men 9 tsp 36 g Adult Women 6 tsp 24 g Taken from American Heart Association What are naturally occurring sugars? Naturally occurring sugars are sugars that are naturally found in foods. These types of foods give you a variety of vitamins, minerals, and sometimes fiber which makes them a beneficial part of your diet.
    [Show full text]
  • The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: a Review
    foods Review The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review Rafieh Fakhlaei 1, Jinap Selamat 1,2,*, Alfi Khatib 3,4, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis 2,5 , Rashidah Sukor 2 , Syahida Ahmad 6 and Arman Amani Babadi 7 1 Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; rafi[email protected] 2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (A.F.A.R.); [email protected] (R.S.) 3 Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; alfi[email protected] 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia 5 Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 7 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +6-038-9769-1099 Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: Honey is characterized as a natural and raw foodstuff that can be consumed not only as a sweetener but also as medicine due to its therapeutic impact on human health. It is prone to adulterants caused by humans that manipulate the quality of honey. Although honey consumption has remarkably increased in the last few years all around the world, the safety of honey is not assessed and monitored regularly.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedi Sugar Facts
    Facts About Sugar THE SUGAR BASICS READING A FOOD LABEL Sugar gives the body energy, but too much sugar is unhealthy. The body actually uses all sugars the same way- it changes them to glucose, which is what our body uses for energy. However, in order to get long-lasting energy for your body, you need to eat more complex sugars (or carbohydrates) such as whole grain products. Eating too many simple sugars, like from soda or sweets, gives you quick energy or a “sugar high” which is quickly gone, leaving you feeling sluggish. You can avoid eating too much sugar by being smart and knowing how to find it on a label. Find sugar by looking for –ose at the end. Examples: Glucose- fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, cereal Fructose- fruits, vegetables, honey Galactose- milk products Sucrose- fruits, vegetables, table sugar Find the “Total Carbohydrate”, Lactose- milk products and below it find “Sugars”. Sugar Maltose- malt products, cereal is listed in grams. Every 4 grams of sugar = 1 teaspoon of table sugar. Know the many different names for sugar, such as: corn syrup, high-fructose corn syrup, In this example, 8 oz. of lemonade dextrose, maltodextrins, granulated sugar, or concentrated fruit juice sweetener. Added (240 mL) has 27 grams of sugar. sugars can come from corn, beet, grape or This equals about 7 teaspoons, sugar cane, which are processed before being and the daily limit is 10 added to foods. Sugars can also be naturally teaspoons! occurring (in fruit) or added (in soda). May be reproduced for educational purposes ©2007 Developed by graduate nutrition students at Framingham State College Facts About Sugar HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP DID YOU KNOW??? High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) is an One 12-oz.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States Vs. Big Soda: the Taste of Change
    The United States vs. Big Soda: from the west and east coast based on the desired use for the revenue. The Taste of Change In order to understand taxing of sugar Hannah Elliott drinks, it is imperative to look back on what has La Salle University happened in legislation, in terms of the taxing of soft drinks. Beginning in the American colonies in the early 1700s, taxation on sugar existed and was Robert Lustig, a pediatric endocrinologist regarded as undesirable and unpopular among the who specializes in childhood obesity once said, colonists. One of the earliest forms of sugar taxing “Sugar is celebratory. Sugar is something that we was the Molasses Act, also known as the used to enjoy. It is evident that now, it basically has Navigation Act of 1733. This act was inflicted by coated our tongues. It’s turned into a diet staple, and the British on the colonists and entailed, “a tax on it’s killing us.”1 In the past decade the prevalence of molasses, sugar, and rum imported from non-British sugar in American processed food and diet has foreign colonies into the North American become a growing domestic concern. It is evident colonies.”4 The colonists were under British rule at that now more than ever, sugar has found its way the time and this tax was imposed out of fear of into almost every food and drink consumed by competition with foreign sugar producers. The Americans, “The United States leads the world in American colonists were unhappy with the tax and consumption of sweeteners and is number 3 in the felt that the British would not be able to supply and world in consuming sugary drinks.”2 Sugar alters meet the colonists demand in molasses.
    [Show full text]