February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2615

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

"POWER OF THE PURSE" TYING CONGRESS HANDS creases the physical dangers to the mother IMPLICATIONS At the very time when Congress is looking by delaying her recourse to· an abortion for new ways to improve its monitoring of during the earliest weeks of pregnancy, government programs, a major federal court when the risk is smallest. As a result, he HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOU opinion suggests that. its options may some­ said, the amendment impermissibly restricts times be narrower than it thinks. the medicaid program, which is designed to OF KENTUCKY The ruling holds unconstitutional the con­ assure eligible persons adequate basic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES troversial Hyde amendment, which severely health services, including hospitalization and doctors' visits. Abortion is such a b&Sic Monday, February 11, 1980 restricts medicaid reimbursements for abor­ tions. More important, the decision, if al­ health service, Dooling found, and is denial e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the lowed to stand, could put Congress in a legal to medicaid recipients would undermine. the Congress is keenly protective of the straitJacket when it tries to tinker with pro­ entire program. appropriations powers it possesses grams, such as medicaid, that grant broad Critics-contend that Dooling's reasoning rights to large groups of people. lacks logic, and that he is barring Congress under article J. section 9, clause 7 of The restraint on Congress is the Constitu­ the Constitution: "• • • no money shall fi:·om enacting a law limiting the application tion, which places a high value on assuring of _an earlier law. "I don't think the courts be drawn from the Treasury, but in all citizens the equal protection of the laws. have the authority to tell Congress how it consequences of appropriations made Pending a possible review by the Supreme can spend money," said Gerald E. Bodell, a by law • • ... Court, the Jan. 15 opinion by Judge John F. New York City ·· attorney who represents This· "power of the purse" is now Dooling Jr. of the U.S. Distrtct Court for Hyde. "Congress pays what it wants to pay being threatened in the courts of this tbe Eastern District of New York may make it nearly impossible for Congress to deny for." He said that Dooling's decision is. the land. · -federal medicaid grants to the states to pay clearest court challenge in many years to The Supreme Court will 'soon review for abortions. Congress only alternatives­ Congress' spending power. _9onstitutionali.ty of the Hyde ~end­ both longshots-appear to be to repeal the In applauding Dooling's constitutional ar­ ment, which restricts the use of medic­ entire medicaid program or propose a con­ guments, abortion supporters emphasized aid funds for abortions. This question stitutional amendment barrlrtg abortion. his contention that Congress cannot dis­ occurs in the Quem against Zbaraz DoOling's action is an important reminder criminate against a class of citizens, in this case. that the constitutional framers gave Con­ case poor, pregnant, teenage women. The Hyde amendment has been at­ gress-and the President-only limited Because the opinion holds a federal law to tached for the past several years ·to power to enact laws controlling the lives of be unconstitutional, the Supreme Court can Ametican citizens. Both sides in Congress review it directly. Dooling delayed his deci­ the Labor-HEW appropriations bill. It would do well to consider the opfnton's im­ has always been offered as a_ floor sion's effective date until Feb. 15, and both plications for government's ability to re­ sides hope that the Court will hear argu­ amendment, pursuant to House rule strict the coverage of existing or proposed ments before the end of its term this June. XXI which allows amendments to ap­ programs. The-case could be consolidated with a feder- propriations bills where the intent is Abortion has been one of the most intrac- al court decision in. illinois that overturned to reduce expenditures. table issues facing Congress in recent years. · a state statute sflnilar to the Hyde amend­ Both the House and Senate are closely di- The Hyde amendment, thus, repre­ vided over whether medicaid funds should ment on equal protection grounds. sents ·an expressed intention of Con­ be permitted for .abortions; neither side has ~edicting what the Supreme Court will gress not to appropriate funds for shown much inclination to consider the · do is a risky business. While the Court tradi­ abortions under medica,id except in philosophical views of the other. The result tionally tries to avoid direct clashes with sharply limited circumstances. has been a seemingly endless series of emo- either Congress or the President, it prob­ After the enactment of a Hyde tional and moralistic debates that . change ably will have to co.Uront the Hyde amend­ amendlnent, the Treasury has no au­ few votes and do little to achieve a compro- ment, because of both the great public in­ mise. What has made the battle.even more terest in the case and its own abortion thority to allow money to be expended cantankerous ls that the proposals, usually ruling in 1973. for medicaid abortions, except as per­ have been attached to appropriations bills, mitted by the language of the amend­ often seriously delaying the routine financ- Dooling's decision comes at a time of ment. · · ing of agency operations. · growing political strength for the anti-abor­ In ·Quem against Zbaraz; plaintiffs Though many Members surely have made tion forces. Sen. Bob Packwood, R-Ore., a have requested that the court order some political mileage on the issue, Judge leading advocate -of federal support for Dooling said their efforts basically have abortions, said that if the highly active the Department of" Health, Education, "anti-choice movement" defeats a few key and Welfare to pay for all medically been a waste of time. He said the latest ·ver­ sion of the amendment sponsored by Rep. incumbents this year, "then not only will we necessary abortions regardless of the Henry J. Hyde, R-m.-which bars federal - see a constitutional amendment pass Con­ expressed congressional enactment to reimbursement for abortions unless the life gress in 1981 prohibiting all abortions', we the cdntrary. of the mother is endangered or the pregnan­ wtll also surely see a decade of decline for Any judicial order to expend funds cy was the result of rape or incest-violates women's rights in all areas." -for a purpose expressly barred by the the Supreme Court's 1973 judgment that The prospective judicial and political bat­ Congress goes to the very heart of the government's concern for the health of the tles pose the prospect that Senate and separation of governmental powers pregnant woman requires the states to House Members wtll no longer be able to under the Constitution. permit women to receive abortions in cer­ keep the abortion debate within the politi- tain circUlllStances. -cally more comfortable confines of the med­ Whether we agree or disagree on the "The medicaid~eligible woman who is appropriateness of restricting medic­ icaid program and the relatively powerless pregnant has a statutory entitlement to pregnant teenagers who are affected by it. aid funding of abortions, Mr. Speaker, medical assistance." Dooling wrote, "and, if ·i believe we can agree that it is im­ her pregnancy becomes a problem _pregnan­ Rather than engaging in legislation affect­ perative for the Congress to take every cy, her entitlement extends to receiving the ing specific classes, they may be directly medical treatment appropriate to her medi­ confronted with the kind of broad social step to protect its "power of the questions that Congress usually is reluctant purse." cal problem, the treatment which is recom­ mended - bY her attending physician's to consider. The following, which appeared in judgment." That would not only be a break with con­ the January 26, 1980, National Jour­ His 329-page opinion extensively reviewed gressional tradition but also a threat to nal, gives further insight into poten­ data on ·abortions and concluded that the medicaid and other broad federal programs tial problems stemming from the Hyde amendment, by making it difficult for that offer aid to the needy without inquir­ Quern against Zbaraz case. a p09r woman to pay for an abortion, in- ing into the details of their need.e

e .This · "bullet.. symbol identifies statements or insertio~s - which are not spoken by the Member on th~ floor. 2616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februaru 11, 1980 DEMOCRATIC CLUB HONORS· Are our allies spending too little? matically, Japan could make a worthwhile FRANK DUVENECK Are we spending too much? I would contribution in other ways-by providing answer "yes" to both questions. -economic aid fo Paklstan; say, A naf.fon The CSM editorial mentions a which has benefitted generously· from HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA American largess and which is so strong eco­ center for strategic and international nomically ought to be ready for enhanced OF CALIFORNIA studies proposal that is very. intrigu­ responsibilities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing, one calling for an interallied This is not to say that a huge measure of Monday, February 11, 1980 ·common market for basic military in· defense cooperation among the Western and dustries. 'If it will save all of us money, Asian allies does not already exist. It does. • Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, it gives let us look at it closely. But much more needs to be done. Thought me great pleasure to rise today to At any rate, I strongly endorse the . should be given, for example, to proposals· salute on.e of the finest people I know, last two .sentences of the editorial: emanating from- the Center for Strategic Mr. Frank Duveneck. Frank is being But surely collective defense means a col­ and International Studies for formation of honored at a testimonial luncheon by lective sharing of the cost. It is time the an inter-allied "common market" for basic the Democratic Club of Santa Clara west Europeans and others, who can afford defense industries. Says the CSIS study: "If County on February 15, 1980, for his to do so, begin to pull their own weight. America's Atlantic and Pacific allies were equitably and collectively sharing the finan­ outstanding contributions . to the The editorial follows: · Democratic Party and to the creation cial burdens of defending Europe, defending DEFENSE: .AMERICA'S ALLIEs SHOULD Do the Pacific, and aefendlng-tlie energy life­ of a better life for all people. THEIR SHARE lines in between, total allied military ex­ I have known Fra~ since I was a America seems in a belligerent mood these penditures wouid be 47- percent. less than young boy. During the World War II days as cries are heard for a stronger US the Warsaw Pact" instead of slightly larger, evacuation of Americans of Japanese military posture. The Carter administration with the US carrying the main burden. ancestry from the west coa.St, Frank has subm.{tted a record $158' billion defense Within the Pentagon~ too, are some voices and his wife, Josephine, helped to ease budget for fiscal 1981, and some voices in calling for a total .pooling of ·allied defense the hardship and pain caused by· the Congress think even this is too little. The resources and elimination ·of often costly internment• of my family and friends. American public, for its part, also appears competition in weapons manufacture. Need­ The Duvenecks cared for our homes willing to support a bigger military effort in less to say, the US would have to be more the face of growing Soviet adventurism. open than it has been so far to the purchase and possessions while we were in­ The mood may be understandable but it terned. They protested the actions of of European-made equipment. raises a fundamental and serious question: In any case, the goal of the US should be our Government. They were true be­ how can the United States ·continue year to encourage its allies to become more re­ lievers in the statement in the Decla­ after year to expand its defense capabilities, ration of Independence that says, "We as the President wants, without incurring sponsible for their defense. It will always bigger and bigger deficits and fuelin·g infla­ stand ready to come to their -help in the hold these truths to be self-evident, event of aggression. But surely collective de­ that all men are created equal." They tion? Put another way, what good will a bol­ stered military postuf.Je do if the US econo­ fense means a collective sharing of the cost. ·were advocates for human and civil my, the foundation of America's strength, is It is· time the West. Europeans and others, rights at a time when others were too increasingly weakened? By 1985, the admin­ who can afford to do so, begin to pull their preoccupied to care. istration estimates, def~nse outlays are sup­ own weight.e In addition, Frank has opened his posed to reach a staggering $225 billion. Is home to the youth of our community. the American public willing to pay for this On his ranch, he has provided a. place ~as it did not pay in taxes fQr the cost of the for city-raised youth to come arid Vietnam wai:'>? ' · · . PAUL KURISKY learn ·about our environment, raising Whether massive increases in military animals, and the natural beauty not spending are actually needed is a subject open to debate. But, in any case, we share HON. CLARENCE !). LONG apparent in the City. Frank has also the view of those who believe that the US created a hostel on his ranch which is cannot be expected to go it alone in meeting OF MARYLAND open year round to any group or indi­ the Soviet challenge. In short, it is time for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vidual. the Western and Japanese allies to play a Frank ha.S always been there when bigger defense role. Western Europe and Monday, Februaril 11, 1980 Japan, after all, are even more dependent we needed him. His warmth and caring on Middle East oil. They have as much if • Mr. -LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speak­ have touched many people, and all not more interest in resisting Soviet pene­ er, on Saturday, February 9 it was my who know him agree that he is a tration of the Gulf region. Their own econo­ honor to present a congressional com­ source of inspiration. His presence in mies, moreover, are by and large strong-a mendation to Mr. Paul Kurisky, a our community has made it a better strength, it should be added, which the US member of Boy Scout Troop 859, who place to live, both now and for :future was instrumental in building up. Is it not achieved the rank of Eagle Scout at generations. reasonable to expect. in these days of a only 14 years of age. · Mr. Speaker, I ask you and all my· heightened common threat, that the indus­ trial democra«ies work more closely togeth~ Paul, son of Jo Aim and George colleagues in the House of Representa­ e:r? And that America's allies carry a greater Kurisky, resides in Phoenix, Md., and tives to join me in thanking Frank Du­ share of the burden for defense? Secretary attends ·Calvert Hall High School on veneck. May we continue to be in­ of Defense Harold Brown thinks so and we an academic scholarship. He is inter· spired by his humanity toward agree. ested in swimming, tennis, 'and cross­ people.e The fact Is, the US continues to spend a greater proportion of its gross national country running at Calvert Hall. product on defense than do its NATO allies. Paul has advanced through various DEFENSE: AMERICA'S ALLIES The figure is roughly five percent. The aver­ leadership positions' in Scouting, in­ SHOULD DO THEIR SHARE age for NATO, according to London's Inter­ cluding assistant patrol leader, patrol national Institute for Strategic Studies, is leader, Scribe, and assistant senior 3.5 percent. Canada, for instance, spends 1.8 patrol leader. HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK percent of its GNP on defense; Denmark 2.4 percent; France 3.3 percent; West Germany Awards were also given to other OF CALIFORNIA 3.4 percent; Norway 3.2 percent. Britain troop members: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES makes the best showing at 4. 7 percent. The Chris Benish-First Class ·and First Europeans, moreover, maintain compara­ Monday, February 11, 1980 Aid Merit Badge. tively smaller ground forces than the US. Nick Gounaris-First Class Scout. • Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, February Japan, for its part, spends even less on de­ 6, the editors of the Christian Science fense-under orie percent of GNP-even Dav10Roll-SeconaC1ass Scout. though the Soviet Union is · expanding its Steve Wisel-First Class Scout. Monitor addressed themselves to an presence in the North Pacific. Constitution­ issue that ought to be at the heart of al strictures and public opinion have much As a former Boy Scout, I ask my col· · thiS Nation's debate about military ex­ to do with the 'restrained Japanese defense leagues to join me in congratulating penditures: "Why don't our allies do posture, of course. But even if it were not these young men for their achieve- . more?" possible to increase military outlays dra- ments.e February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2617 ANALYSIS OF THE FEDERAL REV­ ments. The commissions would a.sSess these State implication$ ENUE SHARING AND FISCAL AS­ intergovernmental systems and recommend The following chart shows total and per SISTANCE BUDGETS ways · in which states could improve and capita payments for state and local general strengthen the fiscal capacity of their local­ revenue sharing in fiscal 1980: ities. States would be expected to act. on · HON. BOB EDGAR these recommendations. GENERAL REVENUE SHARING ALLOCATIONS TO STATE AND OF PENNSYLVANIA The president's proposal would not change the allocation formula to state gov­ LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN FISCAL YEAR 1980 · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernments, but it would slightly modify the Thousands of Mo'l}-day, February 11, 1980 allo·cation formula to local governments, in­ dollars Per capita creasing payments to fiscally strained com­ • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the munities. In addition, the program would be U.S. total...... 6,820,548 $31.27 Northeast-Midwest Congressional Co­ reauthorized for five years rather than four, alition has compiled the following Northeast-Midwest region...... 3,294,695 32.32 as in the past. New England: analysis of the Federal revenue shar­ Regional implications connecticut...... 85,552 27.61 ing and fiscal assistance budgets for Maine...... 38,6.61 35.44 The need for continued general revenue Massachusetts...... 214,612 37.17 fiscal year 1981: sharing to state and local governments in New Hampshire...... 23,489 26.97 Rhode Island...... 29,484 31.53 BUDGET BRIEF: GENERAL REVENUE SHARING the Northeast-Midwest region cannot be Vermont...... 20,943 43.00 HIGHLIGHTS overstated. In fact, in September 1979, fear­ ------ful that· regional rivalries might jeopardize Total...... 412,741 33.67 The president's fiscal 1981 budget for gen- · renewal of the program, the Chairman of Mid-Atlantic: eral revenue sharing embodies policies of the Northeast-Midwest Congressional Coali· Dela.ware ... :...... 20,690 35.49 fiscal restraint by continuing the program tion joined the Coalition of Northeastern at $6.9 billion, the fiscal 1980 funding level. Governors and the Southern Growth Poli­ ~:1~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m:m !Hi According to the Advisory Commission on cies Board in sending a letter to Treasury Pennsylvania...... 331,154 28.18 Intergovernmental RelationS, this repre­ Secretary G. William MUier, calling for ------sents a 40 percent decrease iii the purchas­ reauthorization of the general revenue shar­ Midwest:Tolal...... 1,455,322 35.02 ing power of revenue sharing dollars since ing program with no major changes in the Illinois ...... 338,558 30.11 the bettfnning of the program in 1972~ hldiana ...... 134,438 25.02 basic formula. Iowa ...... ;...... 87,367 30.17 The president's budget would renew reve­ Any proposal by the president to reduce nue sha,ring for state and local governments. .=~~k::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m:1~~ ~~ : ~~ Earlier, the president said he was inclined to the $6.9 billion general revenue sharing pro­ trim the general revenue sharing program gram would have had serious economic im­ ~~OSiii:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : i~:~~ ~u~ by one-third, eliminating funds that went .Plications for many state and local govern­ directly to·state governments. ments in the Northeast-Midwest region. Total ...... 3,294,695 32.32 Interstate differences in state operating State and local governments in the North­ surpluses indicate that elimination of the east-Midwest region receive $3.3 billion an­ BUDGET BRIEF: COUNTERCYCLICAL AND state share of general revenue sharing nually under the general revenue sharing TARGETED FISCAL ASSISTANCE program. And the Northeast.-Midwest re­ HIGHLIGHTS would have resulted in severe budgetary dis­ gion's per capital revenue sharing allocation ruptions for state governments in the is slightly greater than allocations in other The president's fiscal 1981 budget recom· Northeast-Midwest region. At least 77 per­ parts of the country. The Northeast-Mid­ mends a fourfold. increase in outlays for cent of the surplus is in the South and west region's per capita allocation is $32.32, countercyclical and targeted fiscal assist­ West, with most concentrated on a few $31.27. ance, from $250 niillion in fiscal 1980 to $1 states: Alaska, California, and Texas. Only 'while the national average is billion in fiscal 1981. This level of funding 23 percent is in the Northeast-Midwest The distribution of funds under the gener­ should accommodate both the administra­ region. · al revenue sharing program tends to redress tion's and the Senate's countercyclical J)ro­ imbalances in the interstate distribution of posals, under the president's economic as­ BYOGET SUMMAHY total federal outlays.• The Northeast-Mid­ sumptions. west region receives 15 percent more under U unemployment figures projected by (Dollars in mllf10ns] the general revenue sharing program than it would if an equivalent amount were allo­ Chase Econometrics, Inc. are used, however, Percent change, cated according to the distribution of total the administration's proposal would require 1980-81 $2.15 billion and the Senate bill $1.9 billion. General revenue federal outlays. In addition, spending in fiscal 1981 for the sharing 1979 1980 1981 Adjusted Interstate differences in state operating Actual for legislation reported by the House Commit­ inflation surpluses also indicate that elimination of tee on Government Operations would ·range the state share of revenue sharing may have from a low of $1.1 billion to a high of $2.1 Budget authority...... $6,855 $6,855 $6,855 ...... -7.9 resulted in severe budgetary disruptions for billion, -based on projections by major pri­ Outlays...... 6,848 6,863 6,857 ...... -7.9 state governments in the Northeast-Mid­ vate forecasters. . west region. Proposals to eliminate pay­ Nevertheless, tJte president's fiscal 1981 ments to state governments have been budget for countercyclical fiscal assistance Background predicated on forecasts of the fiscal condi­ shpuld benefit the region because The President's fiscal 1981 budget for gen­ tion of state governments, which indicate Northeastern and Midwestern states are eral revenue sharing embodies policies of that state governments are in a strong fiscal predicted to "bear the brunt" of the reces­ fiscal restraint by continuing the program position compared to the federal govern­ sion. at $6.9 billion, the fiscal 1980 funding level. ment. Projections by the National Gover­ nors' Association, for example, show an ag­ BUDGET SUMMARY A,ccording to the Advisory Commission on [Dollars in mUfiOilS1 Intergovernmental Relations, this repre­ gregate operating surplus of $4.3 billion for sents a 40 percent decrease in the purchas­ state governments. ing power of revenue sharing dollars since This process of ·fiscal recovery, howe:ver, Perf;Jo~~rge, the beginning of the program in 1972. has not been uniform~ At least 77 percent of 1979 1980 1981 the surplus is found in the South and West, Adjusted The president's budget would renew reve­ ~tual for nue sharing for state and local governments. with most concentrated in a few states: inflation The president's previously stated position Alaska, Caltfornia, and Texas. Only 23 per­ was to eliminate the $2.3 billion going di­ cent is in the Northeast-Midwest region. Budget authority...... $375 $1,000 166.7 145.5 rectly to state governments. He has consist­ Furthermore, projections by both Data Outlays ...... :""""""'""""" ""'MU 250 1,000 300.0 268.3 ently supported the $4.9 billion that goes Resources, Inc. and Chase Econometrics, to cities, towns, counties, and other local Inc. expect the aggregate operating account Background governments. on state governments to show a deficit in Responding to'·the projected downturn in Under the president's revenue sharing 1980. the, economy and accompanying decreases reauthorization proposal, continued state in income and increases in unemployment, payments would be contingent upon the es­ •.Since outlays include all federal spending, these the President's fiscal 1981 budget recom· tablishment of commissions on intergovern­ figures do not represent the distribution of federal mends a fourfold increase for countercycli· mental relations in the ·states. Many exist­ grants-ln·ald If the funds "saved" through elimma­ cal and targeted fiscal assistance ·outlays, ing disparities in the fiscal conditions of tlon of either the local or the state share of -the from $250 million in fiscal 1980 to $1 billion program were invested in one -or more categorical both state and local governments ar.e deter­ ald programs, the region's share would depend en­ in fiscal 1981. mined by decisions at the state level. State tirely on the allocation formula adopted While It is ColJ!ltercycllcal p_rogt~_ p:ro~de ~~­ constitutions and statutes, for example, al­ possible that these funds could be reinvested In cat­ to State and local gove!'nment;_s to h~lp_ locate taxing powers and spending responsi­ egorical ald programs, this Is unlikely in the cur­ them overcome the effects of recession and bilities between state arid local govern- rent political enyironment. avoid layoffs, service cutbacks, and tax in- 2618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980

creases. At least thr~ ,different proposals The second title provides $150 million for -BUDGET SUMMARY-Continued .- a. program of targeted fiscal assistance. to now are before the Congress. . (Dollaf$itbillions) The administration has introduced a pro­ hard-pressed local governments that. have gram which would be triggered when the not fully participated in the nation's gener­ nation's unemployment rate exceeds 6.5 per­ al recOYery from the 1974-1975 recession. ~b~re Local cent; assistance then would ~ .pr.ovided to governments in the· Northeast-Mid­ l979 1980 1981 Adjusted State and local governments with unem­ west region will receive 59 percent of these Actual for ployment above 5 percent. The Senate has fwids. inflation passed a bill which differs from the adminis­ The need for this legislation ts· strong. A · Urban development ac:tioR tration proposal by limiting assistance · to program of fiscal assistance which auto­ grants: State and local governments with unem­ matically responds to changes in .economic Budget authority...... 0.4 .675 .675 ...... -7.9 ployment greater than 6 . percent. In late . conditions at the national, state, and local Outlays ...... _ .07 0.18 .365 102.1 86.7 January, the House will vote on a co.unter­ levels -would be on the books before the · cyclical bill reported by the House Commit­ onset of the recession. This feature will Background tee on Government .Operations. This pro­ allow state and local governments to plan · The president's fiscal 1981 budget calls for gram would be triggered by two consecutive for economic stabillzation before an eco­ ·$3.95 billion in buaget authority for the quarters in which the real gross national nomic downturn and ~ help them avoid lay­ Community Development Block Grant product and real wages and salaries de- offs, service curtailments, and tax i:rlcreases. program, an increase of $150 mil­ clined. · House action on this legislation is expected lion over the fiscal 1980 level. Unlike. previ· The President's fiscal 1981 budget for in late January. ous years, however, the administration did countercyclical fiscal assistance should ac­ State implications not request-additional budget authority for commodate both the administration's. 9,11d the financial settlement of projects initiated the Senate's proposals, under the Presi­ The following table gives a state-by-st~te under ·earlier categorical programs, making dent's economic assumptions. If unemploy­ breakdown of targeted fiscal asslstance the net dollar increase in funding for the ment projections by Chase · EconoPJ.etrics f~ds in fiscal 1980: CDBG program only $50 million. The fiscal are used, however, the adiil.inistration's 1981 budget request, therefore, represents a countercyclical proposal would require $2.15 real decrease of 6. 7 percent in overall pro­ billion and the Senate's $1.9 billion. TARGUED ASCAL ASSISTANCE ALLOCATIONS BY STATE, gram funding. No projected spending level for the House ASCAL YEAR 198.0 . In addition, the· president's budget mahi­ committee bill, under t.he President's eco­ tairis funding for the Urban Develc;>pment nomic assumptions, is available. Based on In dollars Action Grant program at its fiscal projections J by major private forecasters, · 1980 level of $675· million. · spending in fiscal 1981 for thls program will U.S. total ...... :. __ ,.. _ .. ,_•• ______-.. 148•499•969 Both the CDBG and UDAG progr~ are range from a low of $1.1 billion to a high of $2.1 billion. Northeast-Mi. region ...... -...... _.;__ 87,9.66,283 integral components of the federal govern- New Englald: ment's attempt to alleviate · physical and Regional implications · t=.~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1.~~~:~~ economic distress by ·stimulating private in· Even though· the President's fiscal 1981 budget for countercyclical fiscal assistance r:~:-:::::::::· :::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::~:= 6,245,5~ =:~:~he::P~=~~~=~~!~o~a~ may not provide enough funds to fully meet vermont...... -...... _...... _...... -.... t~~:; nating or declining tax bases. The UDAG the needs to those communities · wl}ich -----...... :.. program may be the federal government's suffer most in a recession, it will, on oal­ MMJ.AHaJ:- ...... - ...... -..... _ 9,639•360 most innovative economic development tool. · ance, benefit State and local governments in. Delaware ...... -.... 988,579 In fiscal 1981, for example, the $675 million · the Northeast-Midwest region. . Maryland ...... _.. 3,118',386 authorized under the program is expected Aimed at providing a cushion against the : ~~:::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:m:~~~ to leverage $4.2 billion in private invest- · .expected effects-of a recession, countercycli­ Pennsylvania ...... )...... _. __ ,•• _...... 8,406,&n ment, a six-to-one ratio of private to public cal aid means the difference between fiscal · spendirtg. security and crisis for many State and local ·Midwesi:Total ...... ~ ...... _ ...... -...... -.. 56'760'975 Under the Housing and Community De- governments in the Northeast and Midwest. Illinois ...... -··-·-.. ·--··--...... 5,414,527 velopment Act of 197.4, categorical programs As Treasury Secretary G. William Miller· Indiana ...... _ .. _ ...... -...... 1.4 ~:m such as Model Cities and Urban Renewal recently told the Joint Economic Commit­ 9 tee, "the New England, Middle Atlantic, and r:~:::::::::::::::::~ :::::::::::::::~:::::=::::::::: · '~:g} ~~~~~!!:~ ~~u~~:i~:?~:r~~~ 4 East North Central regions are expected to W~ii:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~:~~ 50,000 then were entitled to a yearly formu- bear the brunt" of the recession. Many com­ . la grant based up9n objective need factors. munities expected to .be hardest hit by th~ Total ...... - ...... _ 21•565;948 This original formula tended to target funds current economic downturn have not yet re­ to communities experiencing rapid growth covered from the 1974-75 reces8ion. These at the expense of those suffering economic · governments continue to face the difficult BUDGET BRIEF: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT decline. During congressional reauthoriza­ task of providing needed social services.from tion of the program in 1917, a second for­ the diminished tax base of a stagnant or de- IDGHLIGHTS mula was added to take into account prob­ clining economy. · lems of age and decline. This dual-fonhula Chase Econometrics also· has predicted The president is requesting $3.95 billion in budget authority for the Community Devel­ approach permits· flexibility in targeting that Northeastern and Midwestern states funds to these two distinct types of commu­ will suffer more than the rest of the coun­ opment Block Grant program, ·a try in .a recession. Chase expects unemploy­ net increase of $50 million over fiscal 1980 nity development needs. ment in the Northeast-Midwest region to levels. In addition, the president's budget The CDBG and UDAG programs are part average 0. 7 percent higher than the nation­ recommends maintaining the level of fund­ of the Housinr and Community Develop­ al average. ing for the Urban Development Action ment Act, as amended in 1977, and are due In response to this economic downturn, Grant program at its current to expire at the end of this year. the House Committee on Government Oper­ budget authority of $675 million. Regional impiications ations reported the Antirecession a.nd Tar­ It is important to the Northeast-Midwest The· CDBG program underwent major geted Fiscal AssisUmce Act around, he saw a little boy running tc5 hold in your heart and to think of when- ever you need to. · ' Walt Yerkes pointed to a map on the wall across the past ure in f ranti c search f or on Rosh Hashana, we shall pray that yoq of his .realty office on Dauphin Islarid off assistance for his younger brother who and others everywhere who are persecuted the coast of Alabama a few weeks ago, and had fallen down a well. Shore ran for their religious beliefs, be inscribed in the bristled at the suggestion by environmental­ toward the child, hopping two fences Book ·of Life to continue to be a beacon for ists that the island was too crowded, that along the way, and arrived at the well. all of us. On Yom Kippur; we-shall look into -life on such barrier islands was dangerous Peering down through the pump hole; · our own hearts and see reflected there your because of their vulnerability to, hurricanes. he could just barely see the back of vision of a world free of sufferiilg and injUs­ "At times there are 3300 people living the head of the small child, his face tice. We know that your struggle is our here and there's no reason why the island submerged in the water. Disregarding . struggle as wen: Your sacrifice& are not in can't support double that. Worried about his own safety, Shore found an open- vain. We hear your call and we sound the hurricanes? Do I look worried?" · shofar on behalf of freedom. Now, a month later, after Hurricane Fre­ ing into the well and dived in. He · on Chanukah we shall light the candles deric slammed across the Gulf of Mexico picked up the youngster, put him over hoping to shed the light of liberty through last week with 130-mlle-an-hour winds, most his shoulder and lifted him out of the the dark skies, knowing full well that of Daup~in ·Island is ruined. . The draw­ frigid water. Mr. Shore does .not be- though you may not be able to kindle the bridge that conn~ it to the mainland is lieve that the boy was breathing at the Chanukah lights, you are the flame whose destroyed, shopping malls have been lev­ time. that he picked him up, however, bright spark is seen round the world; whose eled, roadS are covered with severai feet of when he struck him on the back be- glow Is not forgotten. sand, and most of the island'a homes, some tween the shoulder blades, the young- On Purim we shall celebrate ~ our people's worth a quarter of a million dOllars, have victory over tyranny long ago as we -dream been blown away or damaged beyond.repair. ster immediately started coughing and of the·day when your release will be yet an­ · Excessive development on the chain of crying; By that time, the boy's mother · other victory over tyranny for . all human­ barrier islands along the Atlantic knd GUlf had reached the well and was there to kind. coasts from Massachusetts to Texas is only hold the chlld when Mr. Shore handed· On Passover we shall remember our pe~. one of the problems plaguing the nation's him up to her~ pie's exodus from bondage. We shall taste 88,633-mile coastline. · 2620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 By design, accident :and iinor&.nte; Ariteri- At Miami Beach.. erosion. has ·eaten away and Atlantic depend ori wetlands and adja­ cans have done more damage to the coast- as much as 300 feet of sandy shore along a cent estuaries for spawnirig and nutrition. · line in the last 30 years than nature in all nine-mile stretch, and the Army Corps is Of the nation's 10 most valuable commer­ her fury through violent storms and winds now engaged in a $65 million effort to re­ cial fish and shellfish, seven depend on estu­ and waves over· hundreds of millions of store the beach. . . aries: shrimp, salmon, oysters, menhaden. years. In Encinitas, Calif., the taxpayers spent crabs, flounder and ~lams. As Dr. Rod Emmer, a coastal consultant $120,000 to build an elaborate stairway from From Connecticut's marshy Niantic River from Baton Rouge, La., put it, "Americans the highway dQwn the rockS to the beach. the annual harvest of scallops is 15,000 never seem to know the value of a resource "By normal standards, it looked like a rea- bushels, amounting to 3000 pounds per acre until they lose 90 percent of it." sonable construction," said Gerry Kuhn, ge- per year, which is greater than the yield of At the advent of the Space Age, there is ologist with the Scripps Institution of beef from excellent grazing ground. growing concern that mankind has not yet Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif. And yet the loss of wetlands continues. learned to live harmoniously with\he sea. The stairway was designed in 1974, con- Around the nation last year, another A majority of Americans· now live within structed in 1977, and because of. erosion, it 300,000 acres were sacrificed, 1ri. most cases, 50 miles of the coast, and by 1990, 75 per- collapsed like matchsticks in 1979. for housing developments near the water. cent will be crowded into the narrow strip The stairs remain in a Jumble behind a The loss of wetlands has taken a drastic along the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts. chain link fence because the town cannot toll on the flourishing estuaries of Louisi­ The result has been tremendous pressure afford the $140,000 to repair the stairs, nor ana. Just as Egypt was a gift of the Nile the $70,000 to remove them. on the d eli cate, fragile, complex string of es- Controlling erosion, says the Corps of En- River, so too the state of Louisiana is a gift tuaries, lagoons, beaches, bays, bayous, har- of the MississippHtiver. bors, islands and marshes that are habitats gineers, would cost $2 bil}ion initially and The interaction is complex, but thre~ for hundreds of thousands of varieties of $73 ~illion a year in maintenance. quarters of the nation drains through the birds, fish, shellfish, reptiles and mammals. DESTRUCTIVE D~INq Mississippi River and for several thousand The coastline, like the sea ·itself, was Coastal rivers~ bays and harbors have years the sediment carried south by the though' to be immune to man's destructive- been dredged to accommodate marine traf­ river enlarged the delta in Louisiana. · ness and insensitivity, to have unlimited ca- fie, frequently Without regard to. the effects After 50 years of levee construction pacity to renew itself. on estuarine waters, and in many cases though, the Mississippi River is now virtual­ · As recently as 1961, in "The Sea Around marine life has been damaged or destroyed. ly walled in. The transport of sediment has Us," Rachel Carson described the certain For example, Georgia and Alabama are been reduced, and the balance between river comfort Americans had in the belief that now arguing with Florida about the dredg­ <d marine processes interrupted. the sea, at least, was inviolate, and, as she ing of the 'Apalachicola River, largest in As a result, the growth of the delta has put it, beyond man's ability to change and Florida and one of the largest in the nation. been reversed. More land is being lost to despoil. Because of the delicate mix of salt and erosion than is being formed by sedimenta­ That was naive, of course, and today, set- fresh water, St. George's Bay at the mouth tion. entists recognize the fragility of the coastal of 'the Apalachicola 'produces 90 percent of Last year Louisiana lost 16.5 square miles zone .and its awesome capacity to support the state's harvest of oyster and blue crab. of wetlands. In the last 30 years, the loss is life forms that have· evolveq over billions of Having already lost a fertilizer compan~ estimated at 495 square miles. years. in Columbia, Ga., because of the ·shallow In a report called "Our Nation's Wet­ Shellfish, birds, plants, fish and micro- Apalachicola River, Georgia is. now appeal­ lands" published last summer by the Feder­ scopic life forms interact constantly in deli- ing along with Alabama for more dredging al Council on Environmental Quality, ·the cate, mutual interdependence, with waves, by the Army Corps of Engineers. government acknowledged the damage to tides and the geological variations of the Florida argues that past dredging has re­ weUands. continental shelf all combining with weath· duced the population of sturgeon and eel, "We have polluted our waters and des­ er and changing seasons to create America's and that additional dredging now is certain ·ecrated our landscape," said the study. "We richest, most mysterious and least under- to affect the oyster crop. have destroyed nonreplaceable natural· re­ stood natural resource. "People down here in Apalachicola are sources and damaged others irreversibly. As pressure to build along the eoast inten- fighting it." said Hank Reidelberger, a re­ sifies, though, Americans are learning that porter with the Apalachicola Times. "They "In our pursuit of food, of homes, of the sa.me atretch of sea and shore cannot at may not know nmch about reading and writ· spo:rt, of feathers for our caps, we. have the same trme accommodate their desires · ing, but they lmpw that if you tamper with brought a long list of animals to the brink for more beaches, more marinas, more that river, you're tampering with their i'lve­ of extinction . • • Our sense of pride in .the condos, more homes, more cottages, more lihood. Sixty percent of the people in this technology that enables us to make the restaurants, more access to the water, more county are involved one way or the other desert bloom, and bring forth 'yearround harbor dredging, more recreational parks, with fishing, crabs, oysters or shrimp." crops, to run 'roads over mountaintops, to more oil wells, more mining for minerals, · Most of the blame for destructive dredg­ alter a watercourse or to build vast interna­ more parking spaces, more liquid natural ing is laid on the Army Corps of Engineers. tional airports on swamplands has been gas facilities, more fishing and more sites Dr. Robert Livingston, marine scientist at shaken/ ..." for more nuclear plants, afi the while pre- Florida State University, says the ~f serving the.pristine beauty for the next gen- Corps has billions of dollars to spend dl'edg~ DECAYING HARBORS eration. ing and building canals. . Many eastern harbors such as those in Americans face several critical coastal "But it has not done one decent study of Portland, Fall River, Philadelphia and At­ problems related to. deterioration-erosion the .effects of its massive 8lterations to lanta are in deplorable condition, their of beaches, destructive dredging, loss of wet- rivers. They don't care about effects. I'm a waters polluted, their piers rotting, their lands, decaying harbors and government in· scientist. I'm by no means a wild-eyed envi­ Pl:lblic accommodations shoddy and their eptitude in protecting the quality of life ronmentalist, but the corps in my opinion commercial facilities hopelessly outdated. along the coast. has a one-track mind. "It wants to make a barge canal out of the In Boston, for example, because of bu­ EROSION Apalachicola River. This is not the Missis- reaucratic one-upmanship, containership ln their eagerness to be near the water, sippi River. It's a small, vulnerable river and facilities have not been expanded for five Americans· have built too many homes and · bay system. one of the most important in years and as a result vessels lie at anchor in businesses on unstable ground too close to the nation. One bad spill would send these Boston Harbor, losing money while they the water, and, as a result,. one qua1·ter of people into poverty, and they're fighting for wait for open berth. the nation's shoreline is. undergoing signifi- this river as though they were fighting for Legislation in 1970 called for the islands cant erosion, according to the Army Corps their lives." of Boston Harbor to be acquired and placed of Engineers. WETLANDS Loss under the control of a .single agency to take care of and improve the islands. For 50 years, .mostly under the direction Historically, wetlands were considered of the Corps of Engineers, Americans 'have wasted space. Seven years later, three islands are still dredged rivers and harbors and ·built sea For almost 200 years, the federal .govern­ owned by the city of Boston, three by a re­ walls, upriver dams and yacht harbors to ment encouraged proJects whereby wetlands gional agency, one by a prJvate group and the extent that today the dynamic natural were drained, filled, built upon and, there­ the rE}mainder by a state agency. movements of sand have been unraveled fore, destroyed. · and, as a result, many beaches are shrink· . Only in recent years~ after half the na­ FEDERAL INEPTITUDE lng. tion's wetlands were eliminated, did scien- ·aovemment programs to manage the na• In Monmouth, N.J., w}lere much of the tists establish that wetlands in themSelves tion's coast have been plagued by bureau­ earliest coastal development took place, - were remarkably productive, invaluable re­ cratic ineptitude, competition among agen­ seawalls, Jetties and other structures have 11ources. cies, overlapping responsibilities, conflicting proven virtually useless, and the town beach Half the ·fish caught in the Pacific and goals and a lack of imagination,· ambition disappears at high tide. two-thirds of those from the. Gulf of Mexico and funding.' · -- ..

February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2621 Aware of the deterioration of the coast, TRIBUTE TO DAN FLOOD OBSERVATIONS ON NICARAGUA Congress passed the Coastal Management ·Act in 1972, under which states were given money to design plans for the long-term HON. LEE H. HAMILTON management of their coasts. HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE OF INDIANA However, an evaluation of a dozen. state IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'l'IVES programs last summer by the National Re­ OF PENNSYLVANIA sources Defense Council found a IN THE HOUSE OF R~RESENTATIVES Monday, Februa111 11, 1980 number of deficiencies. Thursda'}J, January 31, 1980 e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, ~e­ "It's just not working," said Sara Chasis tween t~e 16th· and -18th of November, ·of New York,' an attorney with the NRDC. • Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, on I and four other colleagues, RoBERT "The coastline is ln worse shape now than it Thursday evening, January 31, an LAGOMARSINO, MATTHEW McHUGH, was when Congress passed the coastal act in elder statesman, bent in back but not in DAVID OBEY, and GUS YATRON, under 197~,:· spirit, slowly walked out of his office the able chairmanship of DANTE FAS­ Frustrated by what they perceive 'to be in the Cannon House Office Building CELL, visited the capital city of Mana­ the failure of the federal government to never to return. That man was DAN gua in Nicaragua, our deeply troubled halt deterioration of the coast, a number of FLOOD and he leaves behind over Central American neighbor whose environmental groups tn Washington three dec~es of service to not only. recent history of natural disaster and banded together to form a national Coast the·citizens of the 11th Congressional civil strife is well known to you. Alliance. With President Jimmy Carter's en­ District of Pennsylvania, but also to 1 dorsement, they have designated 1980 as the old, the young, the sick, the poor, THE CONGRESSIONAL MISSION the Year of the Coast. · and indeed the entire population of The purposes of our mission were es­ "The Year of the --coast will be a huge our Nation. sentially two. To begin, we were to effort to focus public attention on the value When Franklin Roosevelt was begin­ assess firsthand the trying economic, of the coast and the dangers of further deg­ ning his fourth term as President, DAN social, and political conditions in radation of its vitality," said William Paint­ FLooD entered this Chamber for the which the Nicaraguan people find er, director of the Coast Alliance. first time. He leaves the House as si­ themselves. Second, we were to reach The major criticism of the federal law iS lently as he walked in. His accomplish­ an informed judgment as to what pos­ that, unlike the Clean Air Act which has ments however, remain behind and ture and action would _best serve the been moderately effective, the coastal ·act is they speak loudly. interests of the United States in Nica­ permissive. "This is nothing more than per­ ragua. I know that I speak for all missive legislation," said Chasis. "How can Without his guidance both as a members of the mission when I con­ you call that a national policy?" member an~ then' as the chairman of gratulate Chairman FAsCELL for an ex­ the Labor-HEW Appropriations Sub­ Nationally, 38 states, · tncluding those on ercise of leadership that helped us to committee many of the current health accomplish our purposes. the Great Lakes, are eligible for coastal programs from wl).ich we benefit funds, and by the end of the year, officials· would never exist and those who Our schedule of discussions in Nica­ expect programs will have been adopted in cannot afford today•s extraordinary ragua can only be des~ribed as compre­ 20 states covering about 7.5 percent of the hensive. We were ~ble to meet and coastline. health care costs would suffer and per­ haps die in silence. Knowing firsthand talk frankly with many Nicaragu1m But states such as Virginia, Illinois and the killing effect of occupational dis­ political leaders and a broad spectrum Minnesota have decided not to participate, of Nicaraguan citizens. -In the course and last summer Georgia withdrew because ease he was a key mover behind the of 2 days we saw members of the colle­ of frustration and harassment from the fed­ passage of the Coal Mine Health and gial executive of the Government of eral bureaucracy, thereby· sacrificing. $1.2 Safety Act ·which created the black National Reconstruction, the Minister million in funds. lung progr.am. of Education, the Minister of the Inte­ Seven years after the coastal act was Although his career as a Member of rior, the Minister of the Exterior, the passed, and arter the expenditure of mil­ the House was· spent largely on those new Government's team of economic lions of dollars and the completion of count­ programs which effect the Nation, he planners, representatives of several po­ less studies, not much has changed along is best known .for his untiring service litical parties, members of the Sandi-. the coast. · to his constituents; .service which l nista Nation'al Liberation ·· Front, the In Boston, for example John Ames of' have witnessed for the past 18 years. Archbishop ·of Managua, the owners Boston Harbor Associates sat in his office, looked across Boston Harbor, and pondered In Jurie 1972, tropical storm Agnes and editorial staff of the independent the question: Could he point 'to an improve­ converted the Susquehanna River into newspaper La Prestia, the editorial ment in Boston Harbor as a result of the a force of destruction never before staff of the Government-owned media, coastal act? "No," he said. "Nothing's really seen in northeastern Pennsylvania. and numerous businessmen from the changed." After the waters subsided one flood private sector. · He had, hOwever, overlooked one Boston was replaced by a FLooD of equal In addition to making these con­ Harbor project- funded under the Coastal force. The later FLooD however was re­ tacts, colleagues visited AID projects, Manageme_nt Act, a $14,00.0 ·study now sp(msible for rebuilding the property attended a mass celebrated by the under way to figure out what should be and_people of the 11th District. archbishop, and benefited from a re­ done with a 23-acre sand bar of illegal fill in I worked with our former colleague ception hosted by our Ambassador, Dorchester Bay, the remnarits of former during those nighmarish· months after Lawrence Pezzullo. The latter was at­ judge Jerome Troy's plan to build a marina Agnes and can attest to his untiring tended by an impressive cross section 12 years ago. devotion to the people of northeastern of the public and private leadership of But if response to the' Coast Alliance is Pennsylvania. Few who _watched him the country.- There was, of ·course, any indication, ·Americans do care about the · ample opportunity for continuous ex­ coast and during 1980 and the Year of the take command of the disaster relief . operation will ever f~rget his presence. change with both the Ambassador Coast, the Coast Alliance is hoping that· pri­ himself and members of the Embassy vate citizens might spark a major public in.i­ I could list his accomplishments in staff. A final press conference was tiative to halt deterioration of the shoreline. areas. such as national defense and held just prior to our departure. A A museum in Florida plans a slide and lec­ economic development for his district, ture series on coastal problems. The Mendo­ schedule of such range and depth however, DAN FLooD's legislative repu­ cannot but contribute to the success of' cino Environmental Center plans a radio tation needs. no further enumeration. I a congressional mission. series on coastal problems in northern Cali­ thank DAN FLooD for the kindness and fornia. The Sierra Club will conduct a series My personal impression is that we of workshops on wetlands and· a woman in affection he has so willingly given to .Members of Congress were treated­ Elizabeth, N.J., will put together a public us and those people he represented for with respect and candor by all the exhibit to dramatize waterfront deteriora­ the past 31 years. ·Nicaraguans whom we met. .Questions tion in central New Jersey. 1 ·wish ne and his oeautiful ·wife asked by us were answered· fully with "Who knows?" .says_Painter. "We may suc­ Catherine, health and happiness for few e-xceptions, and· information not ~P.ed where the government has failed."~ the vears to come.e solicited·by_ us was volunteered freely. 2622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 Areas ot disagreement or difference In life. The social· coSts . are perhaps the and ample. As of November 12, we had emphasis. were not glossed over, and ·more severe. Beyond the staggering ·sent some 36,300 tons of emergency areas of agreement, or similarity in toll in war-related deaths, · 100,000 food valued at $13.3 mlllion and had. emphasis, were placed in proper per- people were wounded and 40,000 chil­ provided loans and grants of $13.9 mil­ spective. .. dren were orphaned. Just .last month lion to government and private organi­ The Nicaraguans in government, the ·Nicaraguan Embassy reported zations. Another $29.4 million makes church, and private sector made their that 10 percent of the populace was up the current loan pipeline. President hopes and misgivings very clear to us, homeless and 40 percent was malnour­ Carter's supplemental request of $75 as we did ours to them. There was a . ished. The economic costs are high as million for Nicaragua. w~ich I have al­ notable and pleasing absence of rancor well. With one business in four de­ ready described in bri~f. would round and verbal sparring. I think it's no ~xag­ stroyed and agriculture in a depression out the package and begin to make a geration to say that each group came due to outright damage and lost plant­ difference in the ongoing effort to re­ away with a better understanding of ings, the gross domestic product of construct a stricken nation. the other's ppint of view. , Nicaragua dropped 25 percent during The Nicaraguan people know of our As you know, President Carter has .the belligerency. About $515 million in assistance and are grateful for it. The recently submitted to Congress a sup­ capital fled the .the oountry in the day we arrived in Nicaragua. Novem­ ·plemental request · for assistance to same period. Upon assuming office in ·ber 16, the independent newspaper, La Central America and the Caribbean. July, the Government of National Re­ Presna, carried a story entitled "U.S. New authorizations totaling $80 mil­ construction faced accumulated debts Had Helped More Than During The lion in economic support funding, $75 of $1.5 billion, debt service of $660 mii­ Earthquake." The story gave the million of which are intended for Nica­ lion this year alone, and a public treas_. proper figures on oilr assistance and ragua, form a maJor part of the Presi­ ury stripped of all but $3.5 million in described how the assistance was being dent's overall plan. Of the $75 million, assets. Given social and economic dis­ \llied. The day we departed from Nica­ $70 million would comprise a loan on location of' this magnitude, that Nica­ ragua, November 18, I toured AID pro­ concessional terms to provide foreign ragua has not yet sunken into chaos is jects . in the neighborhoods of Mana­ exchange resources needed by Nicara­ nothing·short of miraculous. The mir­ gua and saw a sign near one of them gua for the maintenance of supplies of acle, of course, stems from the which read in part: imports vital to reconstruction and de­ strength and t~nacity pf the_Nicara­ This Site ris1 Financed With Funds Of velopment. Sixty percent of the im­ guan people. The United States Government And the ports, agricultural,. industrial, medical; If the recitation of these figures in Government Of Nicaragua For The Benefit and transportation items, would be for briefingS ·did not. impress u,pon us Of The Nicaraguan People. · the private sector. The remaining $5 Members of Congress the seriousness The .Nicaraguans are a forthcoming million would comprise grants to fi­ of the situation in Nicaragua, what we people, and my honest impresSion, is nance technical assistance to· agricul­ saw of the country and heard from the that they will continue to give credit ture, activities of private and volun­ people was more than enough to im­ where credit iS due. tary agencies, technical assistance in press. Blasted buildings and plles of There are solid reasons to support municipal development, a technical as­ wreckage, some from the earthquake the additional assistance ·that Presi­ sistance fund for American experts, as­ and some from the .fighting, dotted dent Carter has requested for Nicara­ sistance for business education. and the landscape in Managua. The walls gua. Humanitarian .concern, ·a quality scholarships for poor children. of homes in the neighborhoods bore which Americans have always mani­ My experience in Nicaragua has con­ scars of intense gunfire. Power out­ fested, is one, and another is the op­ vinced me that additional assistance of ages were frequent. An amputee with portunity to begin a relationship with the kind requested by the President, crutches. was a commonplace s1ght. a new government by helping it solve aSsistance designed to help the Nicara­ Our very first meeting witb Nicara­ its gravest problems. Also, we should guan people and to stimulate the Nica­ guans only· served to defin~ the seri­ bear in mind that the results of our. raguan private sector, would well serve ousness of the situation more sharply. actions will not be like dust in the the interests of the United States. Junta member Alfonso Robelo, in wind. The Nicaraguan people will I hope to lay out a detailed case to answer to a question of mine concern­ know and remember who· helped them demonstrate that, all things consid­ ing the problems and priorities of the and who did not. ered, support for the President's plan Government of }t{ational Reconstruc­ THE GOVERNMENT OP NATIONAL woUld be preferable to opposition to it. tion. cited a combined 55-percent rate RECONSTRUCTION SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS of employment and underemployment, Mr. Speaker, one of the most agree­ ·Mr. Speaker, Nicaragua ha.S suffered shortages and maldistrlbution of food, able aspects of the congressional mis­ during the decade of the 1970's as few and shortages of medicine as the prin­ sion to Nicaragua was the access of other nations in the hemisphere. In cipal problems. The creation of jobs, Members of Congress to .the leader­ December of 1972 a devastating earth­ the planting of crops, and the manage­ ship of the Govermri,ent of National quake· shattered the capital city of ment of a uniform health care delivery Reconstruction. The access enabled us Managua, claiming 5,000 lives in in­ system were the top priorities of the not only to contact persons and groups flicting physical damage to the econo­ government. I myself found it signifi­ who could speak authoritatively on my estimated at $800 million. Recon­ cant that the exigencies of ~ational re­ Nicaraguan affairs, but also to exam­ struction was nowhere near complete construction dominated so many· of ine relatio~hips among centers of when the country was ravaged by a our conversations with Nicaraguans, power and influence in the new gov­ civil war far more destructive than whether in offices of government or ernment. I believe that we left ·Nicara­ blind nature. At least 35,000 people outside. The social · and economic un­ gua with a good sense of the problems died as result uf hostilities which derpinnings of the nation are undergo­ and possibilities of Nicaragua's lead­ ended · this summer, and physical ing extreme strains, and relief from ers. damage te the economy has been those strains is very much the order of In the aftermath of the civil war, placed at $580 million. These figures the day. Nicaragua has developed a highly col­ are doubly grim when one considers In the past the United States has re­ legial form for its Government of Na­ Nicaragua's size and general economic sponded to Nicaragua's troubles. with tional Reconstruction. There are three condition: it is a nation about the size dispatch and generosity. We provided important entities to be reckoned of Arkansas, with 2.5 million people Nicaragua with some 11,400 tons of with. The first, one for which there is whose per capita annual income fell to emergency food in the 4 months after no analog in our system of govern­ $650 this year. the earthquake. Assistance directly re­ ment, is the Directorate of the Sandin­ It is difficult to comprehend the full lated to reconstructio.n totaled $65.3 ista National Liberation Front. Gener­ social and economic costS of the Nica­ million in loans .and nearly_$4 million ally acknowledged to be the main raguan civil war, but suffice it to say in grants through 1977. Our response focus of power in the country in virtue that those costs will be paid by virtual­ to the depredations of civil war in of its control of the armed forces and ly every Nicaraguan in every walk of Nicaragua qas been equally speedy its understandable popular appeal~ the February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2623 Directorate consists of nine ·men· from ernment can allay their fear of au­ Our Central American brothers have three distinct guerrilla factions who thoritarianism. Finally, Nicaragua helped us, and those who have helped most have been our Cuban brothers. They have s.eem to conceive of their role as one of needs all the resources it can muster if given us enormous support in the social guaranteeing or safeguarding the it is to rebuild. Collegial government sector, all ,without much fuss. Our CUban Nicaraguan revolution. The left-lean-. can attract the human resources that brothers are never ostentatious about their ing character of the Directorate is un~ make reconstruction possible. .Al­ support. They are generous, ru;id they do not mistakable, though in discussions with though no one can know the future flaunt their generosity. us no doctrinaire attitudes were appar­ with certainty, I believe that the fol­ ent. In any case, their remarks were lowing observation is sound:. The Scores of statements like this one, directed to issues of development and · forces that led to the development and coming · as they do from diverse nationalism rather than political phi- initial success of collegial government spokesmen in the Government of Na­ losophy. _ in Nicaragua are forces that push· tional Reconstruction, were cause for The second important entity is the Nicaragua toward an open and plural­ deep and justifiable concern among legal executive or Junta, a five-person istic political figure. Other forces are members of the congressional mission committee whose members were ap­ abroad in the society, to be, sure, but to Nicaragua. Time and again in meet­ pointed by the Directorate. The Junta there is ·no reason to think that they ing after meeting we asked our Nicara­ rules by decree at present, and pre..­ are irresistible and cannot be counter- guan hosts to clarify and amplify such sumably its decrees are · arrived at balanced. · remarks. We, carefully questioned our through internal consensus and ·exter­ hosts about each aspect of Cuban in­ . Opinions as to the general political volvement in the . Nicaraguan revolu­ nal consultation. If occupational back­ outlook of the goyernment of nati~nal ground is an ·indicator, ·the member­ tion: moral and material -support reconstruction gave us further reason during the insurgency, ideological af­ ship of the Junta represents a fair for optimism about the political future cross section of Nicaragtian political of Nicaragua. Although it clearly took finity, influence in the media, and par­ . opinion. The Junta is supported by 18 ticipation in the literacy program and second place to the overwhelming the health care delivery system were .ministries whose heads, together with conim.itment to heal the nation's social · other public 'officials, comprise the all 'treated fully and frankly. More­ and economic wounds, there was a over, we scrupulously gaged the reac­ third important entity, th~ Cabinet. common political theme in the govern­ Ministries .range from more familiar tions of our hosts each time the ment's statements. Junta member matter of CUban· involvement was ones such as Defense or Interior to Sergio Ramirez, for example, de­ less familiar ones such as Agrarian scribed the Nicaraguan revolution as a broached. Given the facts we collected Reform or Culture and Sports; and my and the impressions we formed during movement toward. democracy. He then the misSion my -feeling is that Mem­ impression was that individual minis­ spoke of the parallel tasks o~ econo~ic ters vary in the mix of policymaking and democratic reconstructu;m, saymg bers of Co~gress can reach satisfac­ and administrative duties that falls to tory conclusions about the meaning of that the government would not await the Cuban · presence in Nicaragua. them. · Professionals and technocrats the achievement of economic goals predominate in the Cabinet, which That presence is undeniably strong, . before establishing democracy. Direc­ but there are factors we must attend also contains-two priests. torate member . Jamie Wheelock Collegial government is rare because to if we are_to place it in proper per­ sounded a similar· but inore tentative spective. it tends toward instability. The diffi­ chord in his_introductory remarks. He culty of consensus building has been explained that the Sandinista move­ The Sandinista movement has never known since Roman times, as has the ment had dealt with other sectors of. attempted to conceal its relationship strong temptation for some leaders to society because it wanted Nicaragua to with CUba. Along with Costa Rica, combine to exclude others from power. be the pluralistic and democratic, Venezuela.. Panama, and other na­ My guess. is that the government of though Nicaragua's democracy might tions, Cuba gave the movement' first national reconstruction feels the insta­ not mimic that of other nations. In moral encouragement ·and later mate­ bility inherent in its own _structure, the same meeting, Directorate rial aid and counsel as the civil war en­ but during our visit it presented are­ member Victor Tirado responded to a tered its final stages. There is, of markably unified face. The three ~.er­ direct question about Nicaragua's po­ course far more than this to Nica.ra­ .rilla factions of the Directorate were litical future by saying that the nation guan-Cuban ties. Some Sandinista invisible. If there were any outstand­ would have a plural-parti system. He leaders trained in Cuba, so they and ing disagreements between the Direc­ suggested that it · might be more ad­ others in the movement may feel torate and the other bodies, there vanced than our two-party system. drawn to the. ideology that Cuba has were nowhere in evidence. Junta mem­ always been quite willing t!J :purvey. The structure, success, an4 state­ Such connections must malte us wary, bers whose politics might have ments of the government of national prompted· them to clash seemed to be and their potential consequences m~t speaking the same language. Academ­ reconstruction are not grounds for un­ be neither underestimated nor Ig­ ics, businessmen, ·and priests in the trammeled optimism concerning Nic­ nored. It is at o:ur own peril that we Cabinet displayed a deep consistency aragua's political future. They are take the Cuban presence in Nicaragua of opinion. Was this unanimity an illu­ nothing more or less than hopeful lightly; signs. Many obstacles ~tand between sion conjured up for the benefit of Nicaragua and the kind of open soci­ Just the same, Cuban involvement in Members of Congress? I think not. ety that all good men strive to achieve. the Nicaraguan revolution does not Collegial government appears to be If we become impatient with Nicara­ imply that Cuban-style authoritarian­ working for the present because politi­ gua's political progress in the months ism lies in Nicaragua's future. In the cal differences have been temporarily ahead, perhaps our impatience will be provision of moral encouragement and set aside in an effort to meet. pressing eased by the realization that for us, material aid and counsel'to Nicaragua, social and economic needs. too, the idea of genuine ·democracy in Cuba was not alone before and it is Collegial government has obvious Nicaragua is new. not alone now. Nigaragua is actively drawbacks, but it also has a ·Certain seeking all kinds of help in every quar­ logic in' the context of ~resent-day TIES TO CUBA ter where that hell) might be availa­ Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan revolution Mr. Speaker, on August 12,.less-than ble, and it is get_ting .a positive re" was brought about by many diverse a .month after the cessation of hostn~ sponse from a broad· group of coun­ groups in the society, and each has ities, Directorate member and Minister tries and organizations. As concerns claim to· a say in how the revolution of the Interior Tomas Borge held a the training of Sandinista leaders, Am­ develops. Collegial government can press conference at which he discussed bassador Lawrence ·Pezzullo has tre­ satisfy those claims because of its nat­ international support for the Nicara­ chantly observed that one cannot go ural inclusiveness. Also, the Nicara­ guan revolution. Part of that day's to Boston for lessons in the overthrow guan people Jrnow all too well the text is important for what it reveals of tyrants. Although one can go to Ha­ effect of concentrating too much about the relationshfP between Nica­ vana for . such lessons, the gratitude power in too few hands. Collegial gov-. ragua and Cuba. Mr. Borge said: engendered by the opportunity should

' 2624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 not be cohfused with a slavish commit­ For the most part, Mr~ Ortega's tions in a very tangible way. These ob­ ment to political programs developed speech was a hyperbolic, bombastic servations notwithstanding, there are in another time and context. Mr. Pez.· condemnation of "Yankee interven­ factors in Nicaraguan-American rela­ zullo has made an equally telling point tion" in Nicaragua. Events dating back tions that should not be overlooked as about ideological ·affinity: some of the more than 120 years were described in we try to understand the anti-Ameri­ fascination that Cuba holds for the great detail to illustrate the alleged can rhetoric. Each of these factors is Sandinistas may arise from respect for bankruptcy of American forefgn deserving of at least brief considera- Cuba's independence of the American policy. Occurrences in the early part tion. . colossus, not necessarily from sympa­ of this century were offered as evi­ First, some Nicaraguan leaders are thy with Cuba's repr~sive form of dence of contemporary American atti­ angry with the United States. They go·vernment. tudes. The one-sided history lecture regard us as the sponsor of .an oppres­ Members of the government of na­ was interlarded with swipes at the U.S. sive regime which they threw off only tional reconstruction replied openly presence in many parts of the world. at great cost in lives and property. It and vigorously to our general inquiry The return to CUba of the military should be pointed out, however, that into the Cuban presence in Nicaragua. base at Guantanam.o, solidarity with Nicaraguan anger has been held well Junta member Sergio Ramirez argued imprisoned "representatives" of the with1n civilized bounds. Americans in that Nicaragua had no intention of be­ Puerto Rican people, and withdrawal "Nicaragua were not harassed during coming a new Cuba, and he added that of American forces from South Korea the belligerency. nor has any provoca­ there was some irritation in the nation were just a few of the things Mr. tive action· been taken against· Ameri­ at such a suggestion. Noting the seg­ Ortega called for. cans since that time. By joining with ments of public opinion in the United Moreover, he characterized Israel as other Latin American nations in seek­ States which already saw Nicaragua in an "instrument used by imperialism" ing "the release of the American hos­ the Soviet orbit, he stated that no one in Nicaragua, excoriated the United tages in Iran, Nicaragua has displayed in Nicaragua had · given the Soviet States for proposing an "invasion" of every intention of abiding by the rules Union any thought. Of the admitted Nicaragua in June of 1979, and ac­ and principles that govern affairs in Marxists in the Government, he of­ cused "reactionary circles" here of the international community. fered the view that they represented plotting to deny Nicaragua much Second, anti-American rhetoric is one tendency aniong ·many and were needed aid. To aggravate matters fur­ not the only problem to be addressed. ther, Mr. Ortega made many of the Many public officials in the United Nicaraguans first in any case. He said: same statements 3 weeks later in a States have fired a barrage of criticism This revolution is based on the reality and September 28 address to the General at· the new government in Managua. history of Nicaragua, because we cannot Assembly of the United · Nations in The Nicaraguans read words of praise base it on any other reality or history. New York City. for former President Somoza; they be­ Mr. Ramirez' remarks appeared the Members of the congressional mis­ lieve that what they regard as the ex­ very next day on the front page of the sion to Nicaragua were aware of the cesses of the . former government are· independent newspaper La Prensa. Di­ tone and content of these and other glossed over by some Americans; they rectorate members Bayardo Arce and instances of anti-American rhetoric see their motives questioned; they Jaime Wheelock echoed these senti­ emanating from spokesm~n in high think that many of their economic, ments in our later conversation with positions in the new government. As in social, and. political initiatives are cast them. Mr. Arce stated flatly that the other circumstances where frankness in the worst possible light. I submit Nicaraguan revolution would not be was required, we did not hesitate to that inflammatory rhetoric is ·some­ pa~terned after any other model. Mr. confront our Nicaraguan hosts with thing that should not ·be indulged in Wheelock seconded him, saying that our concerns. In the context of sugges­ on either side. It is certainly true that Nicaragua saw no model for itself in tion that continued verbal antagonism both sides have not done enough to the east, west, south, or north. could be counterproductive for both ·dampen it. . What should be the position of the parties·, Congressman MATTHEw Finally, members of the congression­ United States in the face of Cuban in­ McHuGH pressed especially hard for al mission heard little if any anti­ volvement in the Nicaraguan revolu­ an explanation in. various meetings. American rhetoric from Nicaraguan tion? We can determine that such in­ Junta member Sergio Ramirez re­ leaders. In all situ~tions, the courtesy volvement is too much for us to cope spo.nded by emphasizing Nicaragua's of our hosts was flawless, their adher­ with, or else we can boldly take up the aspiration for stable and normal rela­ ence to amenities exact, and their em­ challenge it presents to us. The first tions with the United States. phasis on friendship consistent. I did course of action fortifies the Cubans He added that Nicaraguans were not regard such conduct as deceitful, without their lifting a finger~ while trying to leave. the past behind, but but rather came away with the impres­ the second serves them notice of our that it-was a difficult task. Directorate .sion that many of our hosts were intention to overmatch them in the member Jaime Wheelock, also in simply not inclined to give vent to pursuit of our interests and the inter­ answer to Mr. McHuGH, stressed Nicar­ anti-American feelings. An ests of the Nicar~guan people. I inter­ agua's pleasure at our desire for argument for active American pret the Cuban presence as setting a 'friendship. He asserted that there was part.icipation in Nicaragua suggests dilemma: The choice is one between no prejudice against the United itself immediately: economic assist­ withdrawal and competition. I choose States, but that Nicaraguans still ance, largely to the private sector, competition, and for that reason, thought .of the past. On other occa­ might strengthen moderate voices in among others, I am in favor of the sions, Nicaraguan leaders parried the Nicaragua to the detriment of those President's plan of supplemental as­ request for an explanation by advising who seek to mobilize ·the ~ountry sistance to Nicaragua. us to judge them by their actions through anti-American rhetoric. If we rather than their words. Th6Y did not participate, we may help to shape new ANTI-AMERICAN RHETORic say why their words were not also im- attitudes· and build new relationships. Mr.. Speaker, on September 6, direc- portant. If we do not, moderate forces will torate and junta member Daniel I have found tlie a."ntf-American suffer and anti-American forces will Ortega spoke to delegates to the sixth.. rhetoric of the new government very gain ground. summit conference of nonalined na- disturbing. It has not been explained THE REVOLUTION AND NEIGHBORING LANDS tions at the Palace. of Conventions in to my satisfaction. Moreover, if it is Mr. Speaker, news reports with Cen­ Havana, Cuba. Because he ww; repre- taken seriously then itmwit be -seeri-&S tral American datelines have given us senting the government of national re- inconsistent with the claim that Nica­ little comfort in recent months. The construction before an international ragua desires cordial relations with Nicaraguan revolution, notable for its body that Nicaragua had just joined, it the United States. CondemnationS, ferocity if not its duration, dominated was with considerable disappointment after all, are not .cordial, expecially the wires and airwaves through early that Americans received his strident when the the condemned party has ·summer. Late · summer and fall anti-American rhetoric. manifested -its hope for cordial rela- brought further stories of social insta- February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2625_ bllity and economic hardship as the sources of such rumor8. It was his idea The governments expressed their Nicaraguan people struggled to pick· that the rumors were launehed by ,.rejection of foreign interference up the pieces of a shattered nation. Nicaragua's enemies to lower Nicara- which encroaches on our sovereignty The .. ne.ws from .NiclJ.l'agua_alone over- gua's standing with its neighbors.. and the interests of our peoples," rec­ shadowed, but did not completely ob- Nicaragua's attitudes toward tension ognized "that the principle of nonin­ scure, ominous. reports from El Salva- in -the national life of· its neighbors are tervention in the affairs of other dor, Guatemala, and Honduras, Nfca-- of paramount importance to the states is · essential," and proclaimed ragua's northern neighbors on the Cen- United States. . Its commitment to and ·"that neither Salvadoran nor· Nicara­ tral American isthmus. practice of the principle of noninter- guan territory ·will ever serve as a base . It is no exaggeration to say that ference would lay the groundwork for for an attack on the other." Words of Central America's northern tier of na-1 close ties between our two countries. this kind, spoken in public, are not a tions is simmering with unrest. Social However, any attempt by Nicaragua recipe for plots .or-conspiracies of. one fragmentation, economic distress, un- to serve as a platform for agents of country against another. derdevelopment, and- -slo.w political violent change .in the region would It would be naive to suppose that change are just a few of the factors constitute a challenge to the interests the Nicaraguan revolution in no way that could bring unrest in the region of the United States. We must have will exacerbate tensions in other parts to a boll. more than verbal assurance that non- of Central America. The example of The situation in tiny but populous interference will be the policy of Nica- the revolution itself will· be a casual El Salvador has been especially criti- raguan leaders. We must see the policy force of appreciable proportions, cal. Unchecked violence on both the of--noiilnterfereiice--at- worlt- lrithe- heightening both the fears Of those in left and right caused the Salvadoran thinking and action .of the new govern- power and the hopes of those who military to move against the govern- ment. . oppose the -status quo. The force of ex­ ment of President Carlos Humberto The history of .Nicaragua tells the ample, however, is altogether distinct Romero in mid-October, replacing it new government that it has a vested from the force of arms. We will object with a five-member junta of civilians interest in seeing that the principle of to the latter in no uncertain terms, and soldiers. · · noninterference is followed~ Indeed; if _but the former we must accep~. · · The S8.Ivadoran coup d'etat has been the new government is as sensitive to HUMAN RIGHTS greeted with enthusiasm by some, but· the past as it -appears to be, its desire .. Mr. Speaker, most of us agree- thaJ; others have not been so sanguine to promotE! a climate of noninterfer- the state of human rights .in a nation about its chances for success. ~No one ence may very well be greater than is one of the most important signs of can discount the view that the coup, that of any other government in the the quality of life in that nation. like political assassinations in Ouate- hemisphere. There is also wi.despread agreement mala or shooting incidents on the bor- I believe Nicaraguan leaders know that human rights . say much about ders of Honduras, may simply be an- that they can best insure the invlola- what a government is, what it will other turn in a rising spiral of regional · billty of Nicaragua by accepting the become, and what it sees as central to turmoil. inviolabllity of other nations. The its relations with 'other governments. Members of the congressional mis- questions they asked us about Al,neri- For at· least two reasons, then, one sion to Nicaragua were well aware of cari intentions toward them are reason moral and one practical Members of the generally volatile conditions in enough to think so. Congress are properly ~terested in Central America today. We were deter- Another factor looms just as large in the state of human rights in Nicara­ mined to convince our Nicaraguan these considerations. All Nicaraguan . gua. They want to Jsnow whether the hosts that their attitudes toward re- physical and mental energies are cur- exercise of .human · rights there is gional tension would do must to shape rently being channeled into a recon-' openly encouraged, merely tolerated, American attitudes toward their revo- struction effort so massive that it or. actively suppressed. They hope to lutlon. · · 'almost seems ·too much for that high-: discover whether tyranny in Nlcara- Of special concern to us were unsub- spirited people. Social reconstruction gua will be replaced by genuine free­ stantiated reports that Nicaragua is to begin with a na,tionwide literacy dom in-all areas of public and private might be exporting its revolution-with campaign and the establishnient of a life, or by another tyranny, one differ­ the aid of Cubans who were in the uniform . health care delivery system. ent only because its ideology and rhe­ country training guerrillas. Director- Economic reconstruction will require torte are populist in nature. The con-· ate member Tomas Borge, who heads new programs· of repair and recapital- gression3.1 mission to Nicaragua spent the national police in his capacity as lzatlon in agriculture, mining, manu- a considerable amount o{ its time in interior minister and serves as a facturing, retailing, and other com- an attempt to find satisf~ctory an­ deputy commander of tlie Sandinista merclal sectors. swers t.o the questions about human armed forces, denied as absolutely . Political reconstruction awaits · a rights it knew would be asked. false the allegation about the presence census, the formation of political par- Whether our interest is the general of ·Cubans to train guerrillas, and he ties, ,and · various rounds of elections. trend or the particular incident, the added that at no time 'had the new There are, in addition, serious prob- notable achievement or the obvious - government considered· revolutionany lems with common crime in the city setback, we cannot fall to have been involvement in any ·other-nation. He and i\lerrllla activity in the c;:ountry- impressed with one simple fact about offered the oath that Nicaragua would side. To anyone who has seen the bat- the Nicaraguan revolution: Its leaders never take part in other· revolutions. t«~red face of· Nicaragua, the argument believe that a public commitment to Mr. Borge told us of Sandlnista sol- that the nation might now embark on human rights is an indispensable part , diers who had been detained on his .foreign military adventures is less of the process which they see them­ orders because of their intention to than persuasive. selves guiding. The emphasis on forment revolution abroad. He noted There is good reason to believe that human rights can be perceived .in the ·as well that foreign nationals who prudence and necessity are combining very first acts of the Government of fought on the side of the Sandlnistas to influence Nicaragua's actions with National Reconstruction. The basic had already been asked to leave the respect to its neighbors. On November statute of the Republic of Nicaragua, country. Mr. Borge's opinion of Nica- 22, just~ days. after the departure of announced while the junta was in ragua's military requirements ex- the congressional mission from Nicara- Costa Rican exile and intended to pressed a clear preference for a small, gua, the new governments of Nicara- ~ serve as the forerunner of a new con­ highly trained force armed with defen- gua and El Salvador met in Managua stitution and system of laws, gave sive weapons, for offensive ones. and issued a joint communique defin- human rights a prominent place. For Another of our hosts, directorate ing their relationship. The te.xt example, a truly· democratic· govern­ member Bayardo Arce, denied that touched on numerous ,subjects of ment was to guarantee the .right of all · Nicaragua was interfering 1n the af- mutual concern, but most prominent Nicaraguans to political participation fairs of other nations, and he suggest- in it was the depth of commitment. to and universal suffrage. All political or­ ed that we take into account the noninterference. ganization8 would be permitted to op- ·- .- cxxVi=:...ta6~Pa.rt 2 . -

- 262.6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 erate, except that none could advoca:te left their refuge fn tlte SpanlsJ:i Em­ torture, or summary execution. The the_ return of: tb.e. ·:ttictatorsbJp. with a pledge tore­ has been some torture and kUling. The able to witness close up many of the spect international covenants . on new government admits that such' actS trials and tribulations of the people of human rights and an invitation to the have occurred, disavows them, and has that war-tom nation. . Hunger, sick .. Inter-American Commission . on taken steps to punish perpetrators. It ness, and homelessness are the com­ Human Rights to visit Nicaragua. The makes the plausible claim that it does panions of many. Families grieve for junta asserted to the OAS that func­ not ·yet have the power to control .all relatives lost in the fighting, arid ch'il­ tionaries of the Sornoza regime who aspects of. detention in an regions of dren have been left without parents. were not wanted for crimes would be the nation. With the destruction of the economy, guaranteed safe passage out of the We memlSers of the- congressional unemployment has become widespread· country. Approximately 5 weeks later., mission to Nicaragua quizzed our hosts and the provision of basic necessities on August 21, a government newly ar­ intently on human rights. More than has been made more difficult. Ante­ rived in its capital city issued a bill of information ·about unfortunate incl- dating these problems, however, is an rights poviding for most of the liber­ . dents that might have occurred in this invisible :Problem that has festered for ties. common to Western democracies city or that,· we wanted to take the years in both· city and countryside: and promising some social benefits not measure of our hosts' thinking. Junta Nicaragua has one of the highest rates usually regarded as rights. Among the member Sergio Ramirez called to our of illiteracy In Latin Ame:rica. If illiter­ former were a prohibition against the attention the fact that Nicaragua .al­ acy is a form of silent violence visited death penalty and a guarantee of the ready had a free press and. free politi­ on a population by either a govern­ right of an 'accused to a speedy trial cal parties. He said that theirs would ment's neglect or its simpie incapaclty with defense counsel. Among the be a society in which "all seeds" would to educate its citizens, then Nicaragua latter ~ere items, such as the right to be allowed to grow. Mr. Ramirez spent has indeed been a violent place for protection against hunger, which some time on the subject ·of the pris­ sometime. showed the new government's strong oners. He characterized the then up­ Our second meeting in Managua­ desire to better the economic circum­ coming trials as a "Nuremburg with­ with Minister of Education Carlos stances of the Nicaraguan people~ .out gallows/' Crimes committed Tunnermann, the former rector of the Everyone knows that promise and during the war would be punished, but· National Autonomous University of practice often diverge when the issue not by .death. Directorate member and Nicaragua-allowed us to delve into is human rights. . What Nicaraguan Minister of the Interior Tomas Borge the problem of illiteracy among Nica­ leaders promise is important, but what spoke at some length on human rights, raguans. When asked for his assess­ they practice will decide· the issue for especially the fate of the prisoners. He ment of the current situation. Mr. us. My impression is that the human acknowledged the harsh conditions of Tunnermanil .replied that the extent rights situation in Nicaragua is ·mixed their detention, noted that independ­ of illiteracy was greater than had been but generally positive. For example, ent observers had been permitted to acknowledged by the Somoza regime. national elections will probably not be see them, explained that some prison­ Up to 55 ·percent of all city dwellers. held for sometime, but political parties ers had been abused, and vowed that and 80 percent of au rural people are active now and they intend to es­ such abuse would soon be a thing of might be illiterate. The official esti­ tablish themselves in the electorate. the past. Mr. Borge expressed the mate of 650,000 illiterates made by the An independent newspaper, La Prensa, opinion that the tribunals would re­ regime, he stated, was low by at least a publishes open criticism of the revolu­ lease most of the prisoners because of quarter million, perhaps more. If such tion and circulates more widely than the incompleteness of the evidence an assessment is correct, approXimate­ does the government-owned print against them. In one of the . most ly 900,000 Nicaraguans can neither medium. The broadcast media are forceful statements we heard during read nor write. The figures clearly jus­ dominated by the new government the mission, he swore that capital pun­ tify the emphasis on education in the and their presentations are slanted, ishment would never again exist in new government but not quite as slanted as one might Nicaragua~ Members of the congressional mis­ have supposed. We learned from our The question of human rights 1n sion were very concerned about two conversation with the :archbishop that Nicaragua is highly relevant to· our recent developments in Nicaraguan freedom of religion has not .been com­ supplying Nicaragua with the · addi­ education. The first was the presence' promised in any way. There have been tional aid that President Carter ·has of 1,200 CUban-teachers in the nation's rumors of troubles in the labor unions. recommended. As we consider the school system. In. response to a ques-· One of the most important factors in question; however, we shoUld beware tion about the duties of these teach­ assessing the state of human rights in of two pitfalls, one on ·each' extreme. ers, Mr. Tunnermann cited Nicara­ Nicaragua must be the trea.tment af­ First, it is condescending and irilpu­ gua"s deficit of 3,400 educators and forded by the new govem·.neht to its dent to suppose that human rights then e:xplained that steps had been former enemies, and here the record is need not be fully resl)ected in Nicara­ taken to insure. that the Cubans would about as good as one could exi>ect. For gua because the nation is not devel­ not engage in political indoctrination example, t.he right of ·safe passage for oped~ Such is the attitude of the arm­ of their pupils. They would be working functionaries of the Somoza regime chair observer, not the man who faces within the confines of . a temporary was recently affirmed when 24 persons incarceration without charge, brutal curriculum prepared for them by the February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2627 new government. Before- receiving for example, has stated that the 220 ,·The second category of problem. their assignments, they would be re- . priests, 500 religious, and many lay while less palpable, is every bit as seri­ quired to attend seminars in the cur~ workers in his jurisdiction will-be de­ ous as the war-related destruction just riculum conducted by Nicaraguans. voted to the campaign. These people described. Bu8iness co:rlfidence is low Mr. Tunnermann also remarked that will complement thousands of private because-the private sector is uncertain most of the Cubans would be posted to volunteers who will undoubtedly lend of . the Government's intentions rural regions where · there had been a hand toward it. Mr. Alfonso Robelo, arl ·en­ severe shortages of teachers in the Our Nicaraguan hosts -made it clear trepreneur who is also a member of past. There they woula be limited to to us that they view. th_e reconstruc­ the rUling Junta. has himself charac­ the instruction of reading, writing, and tion of their country in a very compre­ terized the prevanfhg attitude of busi­ arithmetic, wllile Nicaraguans handled hensive way. Th~re are economic, ne~men · as one of tremendous cau­ classes·tn civics, history, and social sci- social, political, and moral aspects to tiqn. Expropriation of the holdings of ence. Mr. Tunilermann added that be considered. Presi~ent Carter, of Mr. Somoza and his associates · has teachers from other countries were course, is asking Congress for addition­ fueled misgivings, as have the Govern­ being.welcomed, though all foreigners al funds to help speed the process .of ment's takeover of natural resources were to work in the· school system not rebuilding. Because the school system and Its strict control of banks and In· more than 2 Qr 3 ye.ars -until emergen- and the literacy campaign are bound surance comp&nies. Businessmen cy needs were ~et. to play key roles in virtually all as- wonder whether they may become vic­ Our second concern was not founded pects of reconstruction, it is impprtant tims of abuse in tlie policy of expropri­ on anything as -concrete as the pres- that neither one. be abused to the det­ ation, 0~ whether their industries may ence of 1,200 Cubans, but it. was, .for riment of the people. There are good ~ventually be ~eated a., for ex~ple, some at least, potentially more serious. reasons to believe that we will not be mtntng has been treateNetherlands, the Organization ly, and production of beans, com, and that the Government had never said of American States, foundations and poultry, all in demand for domestic that it would nationalize business. individl1111s in Germany, and religious consumption, is off from one-quarter Rather than taking advantage of· the organizations and individuals in Hon- to three-quarters. Worse still may be private sector's troubles, he asserted. duras. Mexico, P-anama, Switzerland, what the future holds. for it is not en:-· the Government was seeking funds for and Venezuela. As regards participa- tirely apparent to· anyone where the recapitalization. He remarked that' the tion in the effort, once again the base capital to reconstruct and reactivate Government approved of President is broaDaniel Ortega avowed that the revolu­ porarily detained in areas where gov­ ranted. It is my impression that the tion was not opposed to private enter­ ernment control -was .weak, but that pronouncement of the bishops will prise, provided that the latter did· not the bishops themselves had felt no stand as a significant affirmation of shirk its responsiblility to help·rebuild pressure. If attendance at· mass were man's right to dignity, freedom. and the ·nation. Mr. Ortega, a member of low in a certain parish, he suggested the benefits of a just society. both the ruling.· junta and the ·sandi· that the problem might be the person­ Although the pastoral letter was pri­ nista directorate, is known for his fiery, ality of the priest. not ~harassment by marily an ecclesiastical document on .leftist rhetoric. public officials. In response to a ques­ the OPPQrtunitles and --obligations of Nearly everyone in Nicaragua, tiChina, rather than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NATO, so these figures unders.tate an actual ed from the Wall Street Journal of NATO advantage of roughly three to two. Mo·nday, February 11, 1980 February 1, 1980, suggests, the alloca­ We should not conclude that the U.S. and e Mr. MOFFETT. Mr.. Speaker, 62 tion of our defense dollars ma~ not be NATO are without defense problems. In­ the most cost-effective way to defend stead, we should ask if more defense spend­ years after their Declaration of Inde­ our vital·national interests. ing is the answer. pendence was signed, the brave Lith­ The article notes that the Western The U.S./NATO objective is defensive. uanian people continue their struggle Alliance today outspends the Defense is usually easier than conquest, if against Russian armed presence in Warsaw Pact on defense. the defender chooses the right defense·doc­ their homeland. On, August 23, 1979, Also, the article suggests that the trine. If ~this is in fact .the case, our military 45 people from Lithuania, ·Latvia, and now has more than enough resources, as deployment and design of our forces long as these resources are used wisely. If ·Estonia petitioned the free world for would indicate 'the United States is we are weak even though we outspend the consideration of their plight in the more prepared to fight brushfire wars Pact states, we should look for errors in our United Nations. The petitioners com­ in Asia and Africa than a conventional doctrine, force structure and choice of .memorated as' a day of shame for 'the war against the Soviets. weapons before we spend even more. 40th anniversary of the signing of the Further. the article notes that our Second, the United States still carries ·an Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact which rel­ allies simply are not contributing their unfair share of the NATO military spending egated Lithuania to the Russi8Jl burden. fair share to the alliance. The United The U.S. now sgends 5,0 percent of her sphere of influence for a payment of States today provides more .than half GNP on defense, compared with an average $7.5 million· to the German Reich. The the outlays for NATO. 3.5 percent for our 13 NATO allies. West signatories renew their request for I would ask my colleagues to consid· Germany, for instance, spends only 3.4 per­ freedom, independence, rights of self­ er the following when reading this ar· cent of her GNP on defense; France spends determination, and the removal of all ticle: First, until America has a well only 3.3 percent; Italy spends only 2.4 per­ external military personnel from the thought out defense policy; second, cent; Canada spends only 1.8 percent; and until the United States can deploy Japan, not in NATO but still an ally, spends Baltic States. only 0.9 percent. Only Britain <4.7 percent> The principles of national autonomy tested weapons systems; and third, spends nearly what she should. and freedom from persecution have until our allies are willing to. contrib­ This inequity arose in the wake Qf World long been recognized in international ute their "fair share" to global defense War II, when we agreed to carry the main law. In Lithuania, the Helsinki Moni­ needs.· burden of European defense while the Euro· America's defense and foreign policy pean economies recovered fropt the war. toring Commission continues to report goals will be hard to attain. Today, however, the West European stand­ human rights violations prohibited [From the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 1, ard of living approaches our own, and the under the Helsinki agreements despite 19801 total West European industrial capacity the imprisonment last year of. two of equals ours. Yet we still subsidize Western RAISING QUESTIONS ABOUT U .S. DEFENSE Europe's defense. their seven members, Bal~ Gajauskas SPENDING and Viktoras Petkus. Andrei Sakharov Why should we now increase this subsidy? (By Barry R. Posen and Stephen W. Van Our European and Japanese allies depend made public ·his support of the August - Evera) on Persian Gulf oil far more than we, yet 23 petition, as did the Moscow Hel­ Even before recent events in Iran and Af­ everyone now assumes· that the defense of sinki · Monitoring Commission. Yet ghanistan, polls showed a dramatic upsurge the Gulf is an exclusive American obliga­ since then, two of the Lithuanians in public support for more defense spend· tion. who signed the petition, Antamas Ter­ 'ing. The latest opinion survey, released last Third, the current debate on defense lekas and Vypautas Skuordys, have week, showed a larger plurality favoring spending is premised on a false image of the more military spending than any national main direction of both the Soviet and been imprisoned for their political be· poll since 1950. · · American military effort. liefs. · This popular view became official policy Recent -press accounts picture a looming The Lithuanian people have an ad­ in December, as President Carter an· Soviet military capacity to iritervene in the mirable record of resistance of oppres­ nounced a decision to increase defense developing world, and an atrophied Ameri- · sion and cultural assimilation. The spending by 4.85 percent per year in real can intervention capability. Administration terms over the next five years. His -budget statements indicate that most of the pro­ courageous individuals who risk their confirmed the decision and already there is posed new defense spending will be allo­ lives and liberty of these essential talk of higher spending over and above the cated to forces best structured for Third­ freedoms deserve- our respect and budget figure~ One former· top national se· World intervention, to counter this alleged support.e curity official, John Lehman, recently rec· Soviet threat. 2630 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 · In fact, the Soviets direct very little of REBUILDING THE CIA ,covert operations may ward off a possible their military effort toward Third-World ·situation that might give way to direct mlll· contingencies, and their current intetven- HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS tary conflict, most notably in the Persian tion capability is far inferior to our own, Gulf region? which remains quite robust. OF IDAHO If the Congress' cannot agree to halt the The Soviet naval infantry

Monday, February 11, 1980 CQNGRESSMAN GUY VANDER JAG'l''S ANNUAL Monday, February 11, 1980 e Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, either NIN'l'H DIS'l'RIC'l' QUESTIONNAIRE • Mr. BENJAMIN. Mr. Speaker, I rise time Is flying or we are getting older today to congratulate the Lithuanian or both,. by George, but this year DO YOU FAVOR people on the 62d anniversary of· the marks the 30th birthday of Mr. independent Republic of Lithuania. Magoo, the nearSighted, irascible, and 1. A Constitutional Amendment to prohib­ · The history of Lithuania is a noble lovable animated character of film and it the Federal Government from spending development of strong ideals of free­ television. Good grief. more than it receives in revenues? Yes, 83.1 dom and undying faith to its rich and percent; no, 13.9 percent; and no response, unique culture. Lithuania Is a land of The Museum of Modem Art in New 3.0 percent. Yotk and the American Film Institute beautiful and fertile resources arid the at the Kennedy Center will present 2. Allowing either House of th~ Congress people of this country take great pride to veto any rule or regulation of a Federal in retrospectives of Mr. Magoo's career. agency which it feels is inconsistent with their language, art, and religious From a bit part in an early cartoon the orfginal intent of the law? Yes, 81.7 per­ devotion. called "Ragtime Bear" to his classic cent; no, 12.7 percent; and no response, 5.7 The ·Lithuanian people have known portrayal of Ebeneezer Scrooge in "A percent. ' adversity in their long heritage, but Christmas Carol," Mr. Magoo has 3. Extension of the Revenue Sharing Pro­ have responded to the challenge of in­ brought entertainment to millions 1n gram which provides Federal funds directly dependence with unrelenting defiance. the United States and throughout the to state and local govern1nents? Yes, 53.2 They refuted attempts by the czarist world. He ·has also appeared on behalf . percent; no, 38.7 percent; and no response, government in the early part of the of the American Cancer Society, the 8.1 percent. 20th century to eradicate their lan­ Nati.onal Safety Council, the American 4. The A~tration's proposal for an guage and culture. Their P170Ud strug­ Heart Association, U.S. Treasury expanded Federal Health Insurance pro­ gle against foreign influence resulted bonds, and· the Navy. Great balls of gram to meet catastrophic medical expendi­ in the establishment of the Republic fire .. tures and provide other services at a cost of of Lithuania on February ·16, 1918. Mr. Magoo has been an outstanding about $18 billlon in the first year? Yes, 24.2 Centuries of oppression were overcome performer in the entertainment indus­ percent; no, 68.7 percent; and no response, and the Lithuanian people were try. To his creators and producers, as 7.1 percent. united in a bond of freedom. well as to the old Magoo himself­ 5. Bringing the Nation's welfare system Despite-the constant specter of for­ whose first name, by the way, is more under Fedei'al control with national .eign aggression, the Lithuanians draft­ minimum welfare benefits? Yes, 37.1 per­ ed a constitution and initiated domes­ Quincy, I am sure my colleagues join cent; no, 56.0 percent; and no response, 6.9 in expressing congratulations on his tic reforms that represented their percent. commitment to the future. 30th year.in show business.e 6. The Hyde Amendment restrictions on the use of Federal funds for a'bortions under . Then, in 1940, the footsteps of the Medicaid program? Yes, 58.9 percent; 300,006 Soviet soldiers echoed in the no, 33.2 percent; and no response, 7.9 per­ streets of this proud Republic and on ANNUAL NINTH DISTRICT OF cent. August 3, the U.S.S.R. claimed Lithua­ MICHIGAN CONGRESSIONAL 7. The propo$ed Strategic Arms Limita­ nia as a constituent republic. Political QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS tion Treaty ? Yes, 28.7 percent; bondage enveloped the natiom ·no, 58.4 percent; and no response, 12.8' per­ The oppressive turmoil of Nazi occu­ ' cent. pation and the subsequent reentry of 8. The reestablishment of the selective the Soviets brought great suffering to HON. GUY VANDER JAGT service draft system to meet the personnel this land, a breach of peaceful inde­ OPMICHIGAN needs· of the Armed Forces? Yes, 58.2 per­ pendence that the Lithuanians have IJ' THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cent, no, 35.0 percel)t; and. no response, 6.8 suffered to this day. · percent~ · The Soviet martyrdom has made. its Monday, February 11, 1980 9. Spending a larger portion of the Feder­ presence known through bloody and e Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, al budget on national defense needs? Yes, oppressive policies. Hundreds of thou­ late last fall I sent to each of the resi-· 55.4 percent; no, 37.1 percent; and no re­ sands have been deported and families dents of Michigan's Ninth Congres­ sponse, 7.5 percent. tom asunder. Religious and polit)cal sional District our annual congression­ 10. The creation of a multi-billion dollar leaders have been assassinated or ar­ al questionnaire, soliciting· their views Government corporation to finance energy rested. People have been tortured and on a few of the imf)ortant Issues which projects? Yes, 22.9 percent; rio, 68.3 percent; property confiscated. The newspaper our Nation and the Congress faces. and no response, 8.8 perce~t. presses have been stilled and tongues Several thousand of my west Michi­ 11. The Administration's energy program? silenced. gan constituents ·responded tq this Yes, 19.0 percent: no, 62.3 percent; and no A weak will would have succumbed, response, 18.7 percent. questionnaire, many o~ whom took the but the Lithuanian people have en­ time to include additional comments 12. The continued development of nuclear dured and their spirited struggle con­ on issues, which were of particular in­ generated power to meet our energy needs? tinues. The people of Lithuania Yes, 65.0 percent; no, 28.5 percent; and no terest to them. I was very impressed response, 6.5 percent. remain strong, but we cannot delude with the response from ninth district 13. Do you feel that the U.S. now faces a ourselves into believing there Is peace residents to the questionnaire,· and I genuine energy shortage? Yes, 55.1 percent; in a land ·where Soviet power -stifles want to express my gratitude to all no, 38.0 percent; and no response, 7.() per­ choice and opinion through murder who participated. cent. and intimidation. I always appreciate learning' the 14. What do you consider is our Nation's The United States has never legiti­ views of west Michigan residents, and most serious problem? Inflation, 46.8 per­ matized the Soviet rule of· Lithuania. having the responses of so many con­ -cent; taxes, 22.6 percent; national defense, The Lithuanian · diplomatic missionS stituents to the questions. in this 16.2 percent; energy, 22.4 percent; unem­ that have been in our country· since survey Is particularly helpfy.l to me as ployment, 13.4 percent; government leader­ before 1940 continue to enjoy full rec­ the Congress considers these and re­ ship, 31.7 percent; other, 19.6 ·percent. ognition as representatives of a free lated issues. e voices heard, as in our overwhelming EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 support for House Concurrent Resolu­ knew better. One, a young lawyer, has The actions taken by guiding forces .of the tion 200, which expresses the sense of best described the real friend we both past are responsible for our present, like­ wise, the actions we take now are going to this Congress that self-determination lost in the following words: effect the future generations. and freedom will once again be Dream chaser. I may not be as active In politics or gov­ brought to Lithuania and all the The elfin old man Is dead. ernment as were some of the great leaders Baltic States. A diamond among stones; he masked his of the past, but I can still play _an active role _The termination of the violation of gentle brilliance with profane and scornful in our future by being aware of what 1s hap­ human rights in Lithuania must crudeness but not too well, for the twinkle pening in my country, and helping to make remain a legislative priority and I call rarely left his eye. . . decisions, when I may, by- voting. I need to upon the President to continue to Shallow people wearied him, the arrogant­ obey the laws that are good, and strive to ly powerful challenged him, the honest change those that need change. I need to be defend civil freedoms and in particu­ humbled him but the benevolent and strong continually aware that the actions of today lar. defend the rights of the Lithua­ made him.happy; effect tomorrow. nian people. Dream ·chaser. I know that my rights as a citizen are Our actions today as leaders in a His huge spirit has ascended to commune privileges, and they muat·be protected, and free world will do much toward nour­ with the great souls he has known, but I not abused. ishing the spirit of the Lithuanian know it will come back. like a thought, and I must guard against the erosion of free­ people, whose children attend schools touch those he revealed himself to. We will dom for all our citizens, ·as this loss would where science is taught in a manner hear. his gravelly voice when we are talking gravely effect the future of America. which to somebody we do .not like •.• and we will w.as founded on freedom. that contradicts t he existence of God I need to recognize that there are prob­ and church leaders are sentenced .to tell them the truth. Jim Gray is dead.e lems ahead, but ·if the country will take a hard labor for defending their faith. positive attitude, and face them with Intelli­ We must be more than aware of the gence and energy, they can be resolved. I do · plight of the pe·ople of Lithuania, we VOICE OF DEMOCRACY not intend to be a negative thinker who sees must also be conscious of the tangible CONTEST the future of America as uncertain and sources we have at our hands to solicit bleak. If I can tnnuence others to look firm attention from the· Soviet ,Union ahead with confidence, I believe it will have that their polici.es in Lithuania and HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS a positive effect on the future. · OF IDAHO It is important that we believe In the throughout the world will not go un­ future, believe In great things to come. If we noticed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dwell in only the present, or In the past, Our actions today will pay tribute Mond~y. February11, 1980 nothing will ever be accomplished. If the not only to the courageous Lithua­ men and women of the past never thought nians under Soviet rule, -but to their e Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ahead to the future, no plJI.Ilning , would American relatives and friends whose insert a speech into the CONGRESSION­ have been done, no dreams would have been contributions to northwest Indiana AL REcoRD which was ·written by a achieved, no inventions imagined, no Caldwell High School student by the churches built, no governments formed, or and the entire country have been a continents discovered. The future is what large part of the determined growth of name of Marta Averill Marcus as part of the "Voice of Democracy" contest we make it. American freedom and compassion. .My role in America's future Is to believe. May all · the Lithuanian people be · sponsored by the Veterans of Foreign The dictionary defines "belief" as having a J:tonored today. May they continue to Wars of the United States. I wish to firm conviction of something, to accept as grow in the strength and gpirtt and be congratulate Marta for delivering the true. granted the knowledge that their ef­ winning speech from the State of It has been said that "The future belongs forts will someday resultlin a Lithua­ Idaho and wish her luck in the upcom­ to those- who prepare for it.') nian national identity;· free from the ing competition here in- Washington I would say that ·the future of America be­ with the other State winners. longs not only to those who prepare for it, weight of dictatorial shackles. free to but those who believe In tt.e cherish their struggle · for lasting I think Marta does an excellent job peace.e in discussing the theme "My Role in America's Future," and she raises NETHERLANDS PARLIAMENT some interesting points for all of us to URGES REPEAL OF IMMIGRA­ A FRIEND TAKEN FROM' US consider. I want to commend the Vet­ TION LAWS DffiECTED AGAINST erans of Foreign Wars for sponsoring HOMOSEXUALS. HON. LAMAR GUDGER this contest and for encouraging our OF NO.RTH CAROLINA young adults to consider what their HO._,. HENRY A WAXMAN role should be in the shaping .of this · n. · • IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 0 country's future, and I am 'pleased " cALIFoRNIA Monday, February 11, 1980 that Idaho will be ·so well represented m THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES e Mr. GUDGER. Mr. Speaker, a little in this competition. Monday, February 11, 1980 over 2 years ago, a friend came to Miss Marcus• sJ.)eech reads as fol- • Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, two Washington to assist my efforts here, lows: Members of the Netherlands Parlia- joining my staff as a special assistant. EssAY BY MARTA AVERILL MARcus ment presented to me on February 5 a He came to help me and stayed on to What is mY role in America's future? AI- petition, signed by 133 of the legisla­ seek a post with the Department of though this is a question I had not seriously ture's 150 Members, urging the United Justice, to aid the efforts iii locating considered before. I believe I now know the States not to discriminate against for­ and prosecuting Nazi war criminals n~ answer. It is to prepare for the future today eign visitors on the basis of their legally in the United States. by acquiring the knowledge and capabilities sexual orientation. I applaud this over­ .This friend was James Martin Gray, which will ensure that I do have a role in whelming expression of ·concern by an eastern North Carolina native who America's future. Charles Kettering has our colleagues at The Hague, and wish said "We should all be interested in the to bring their petition to the attention later moved to my beloved mountain future, because that is where we are going country in the western part of the to spend the rest of our lives." Tomorrow is of the House. State. And, suddenly, he is gone, the future, but will soon become the past. The Immigration and Naturalization .struck down- by a heart attack last I wonder if Lincoln and Jefferson ·ever Service has recently decided to contin­ Wednesday. stopped to think when they were young, ue to enforce its antiquated policy of Jim had his critics, both here and that they would be creating the future of prohibitfilg . suspected homosexuals back in North-carolina. We all do. But our country? Perhaps it took more than the from entering the country-despite great men and women of the past genera- th j d t f th s G al he had a special talent, a special tions to create this future. It took all the e u gmen ° e urgeon ener ep.ergy, a special sense of humor people. Every person today also has a role that- this restrictive policy should be which he often cloaked with brashness to play m creating our future. I may never ended. It is today generally accepted and pushiness. This profane pose too be listed in histol"y books in years to come, medical practice that homosexuality is often was accepted for more than an but I am nevertheless a part of the history . not ·an ·nmess or psychological disor­ image. Those of us who loved him of thi~ country. der, and that the law should reflect February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2633 this consensus• ..Bu~ under our -~ errunent to .r:epeal the ineasures recently before the Consumer Federation o1· gration statut,e$;·.: .ws: .contfuues to ·Issued. America in which he addressed a deport and refuse· to Iss~~ ~ - to sus­ · In your capacity as the law-making au- number of complex issues and con­ pected h9mosexuals. To end ·this dis­ thority of the United States we urge YOU filets facing ·Americans. Of partieular criminatory policy, I have Joined with most ea.rilestly . to enact legislation, which Interest to me were his remarks on the Representatives BEILENSON and DIXON ensures a ban on this kind of grave water projects.bill which the House re- in introducing H.R. 6303 to repeal this d~:~:~·_members of the Netherlands cently passed. President Carter dis­ law. Parllament Will visit the United states 1n cussed the water projects plan that he In their letter to Congress, our the first week of February, we would appre- has submitted to Congress and stated friends from the Netherlands contend elate your assistance in arranging a meeting that: that these legal impediments conflict on the matter with the appropriate Cc;>m· The House bill is part of no rational plah. with our obligations under the Helsin­ mtttee of the House of Representatives. Some $2.5 billion, more than half the total ki accords to guarantee the free move­ Sincerely yours, amount authorized by this bill, would be H.J. van den Bergh, K. van den Anker. almost pure waste. ment of people. Their letter states: B. Bakker, M. Bakker, R. Beckers-de · we won't hide our feelings that to us a BruUn, R. Ter Beek, L.M~ de Beer, J.D. The President concluded: country which cl~ to value so dearly a Blaauw, J.P. de Boer, F. Bolkestein, R. I do not intent to allow that bill to become respect for human· rights all over the worl~ de Boots, F. Borgman, L.J. Brinkhorst, law. by acting in this way. is acting contradictory V.A.M. van der Burg, F. BuunneUer.. The entire speech follows: to that same necessary respect for human F. Castricum. G.C. van Dam, M.P.A. rights. van Dam. REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT TO ~ 'ANNUAL Their voice reinforces my longstand­ D.J.D. Dees, J.C.Th. van der Doef, D. . CoNFERENCE OF THE CONSUMER FEDERATIOR ing concern that the· issue of discrimi­ Dutnker, M.B. Engwlrda, M. Epem.a,.. OF AMERICA nation against homoselluals is a Brugman, A.A.M.E. van Erp, · A.J. Tm: PREsiDENT: Someone told me earller matter of basic human and civil rights, Evenhuis, S. Faber, A. Geurtsen. N.J. that you were going to have roses, so I feel Ginjaar-Maa.S, A. de Graaf, I.S.L. at home. Distinguished consum· and must be judged aceordtngly. Gualtherie van Weezel, H. de Ham-er, er leaders of our greater country, once The full letter from the Netherlands H. Hartmeijer, 'A. van der. Hek, again, I am pleased to meet with you~ This Parliament follow$: M.L.H.A. Hermans, B.J.M. Hermsen, J. · federation has a proud ftistory-as a voice LETTER FRoM THE" DUTCH PARLIAMENT TO THE van Houwelingen. for consumers and alSo as an incubator of AliiERICAN CONGRESS E.H.T.M. Nijpels, W. Jabaay, H.H. Ja· great Ideas. As a matter of fact, the concept 'PRE HAGUE, cobse, J.L.A. Jansen, Th.H Joekes, A. for a co-op bank originated right here wit~ . Binnenho/, 1a, January 1980. Kappeyne .van de Coppello, G.W. you, and now as you know, the co-op bank is To the Chairman of the House of· Repre­ •Keja, J. van Kemenade, H. Keuning, about ready to open for business. That is G. Klein,. H. Knol, K. ltolthoff, H. Just the most ·recent of many examples of sentatives of the United State~ of Amer· :ica. Kombrink, M.J. Konings, R.W. de what you have achieved in practical terms. Hori. THOMAS O'NEILL, Jr.; Korte, A. Kosto, W. de Kwaadsteniet, From the very beginning, you have fought Capitol Hill, · J.J. Lambers-Hacquebard. for the common good' of the American Washington, D.C., U.S.A. S. Langedijk-de Jong, Th.M. Lauxter- people. And within our system of govern­ DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: We, the undersigned, mann, R.F.M. Lubbers, W. Meijer, C. ment, that is ~o the. responsib111ty of the all of us members of the Netherlands Parlla­ Mertens, F. Moor, I. ·Muller-van Ast, President, who alone has as his constituency ment want to address ourselves with the fol- R.E.F.M. Nljhof, E. -Nypels, D.A.Th. all the people of' our country_.and ~lso, who lowing: . . van Ooljen, S, Patijn, A. Ploeg, a alone must assess the. complex issues and Information has reached· us that your Poppe, F. Portheine, J. Pronk, L. the confllcts that exist in the resolqtion of Rempt-Halmmans de.Jongh, J.G. Rie~ differences, both on the national scene and country's State Department has ordered kerk, P.A. Roels. in the international world. visas should not be issued to non-Americans, H. Roethof, N. Salomons; G. Schaap- I . take that responsib1lity very seriously, who consider themselves .to. be homosexu_al. · man, J.F. Scherpenhuyzen, J.N. Schol- and especially now. Mutual trust among This would be a -consequence of the law of 1917, whereas changes in the law by the ten, A.G. van der Spek, B. Spieker, B. Americans based on faimess and equity Js Stemerdink, M. van der Stoel~ P.R. never more needed than in a time of crisis American Congress in 1952 en 1962 did not Stoffelen, J.C. Terlouw, E. ·van Thijn, .when national solidarity is so important. As alter this situation. R. ToUssaint, M. Tripels, J.M. den Uyl, you know, we are faeed now with extremely We beg to inform you that w~ find this M. Andela-Baur, M. · Beinema. R. difficult and complex problems both her.e deeply disturbing. We ~ad thought up till now that such regulations could not arise in Braams. _ and around the world. Our domestic and our our times. Moreover we find It an .unaccep. H.v.d. Broek, J. Buikema, P.A.M. Come- foreign concerns are more closely inte~rel_at­ table concept that Dutch and other non-· lissen, H. Eversdijk, T. Frinking, J. van ed now, perhaps than ever before in hiStory. American citizens.would have to go through Iersel, V.N. Korte-van ltemel, A.G. And the hard truth is that there are no easy a humiliating procedure to detennine their Lansink, M. van Rooijen, P.J. van der or slinple answers to any of these problems, sexual orientation, even if such a thing were Sanden, S. Weljers, H. Wisselink, W.J. or any of these questions, but as you well possible. . Deetman, B. Hennekam, H. Aarts• . G. know, there are answers. We won't hide our feellngs that to us a van Muiden, B. de Vries. The Soviet military aggression in Afghani- country which claims to value so dearly a J.M. van de Ven, E.G. Verkerk-Terpstra, stan is a serious threat to peace, and has J.D. de Voogd, A.J. Voortman, A.J. de drawn the condemnation of the entire respect for human rights all over the ~orld, by acting in this way, is acting contradictory Vries, J.H. Vrijland-Krijnen, H.P.H. world. We must be sure that the :Soviet to that same necessary respect for human Waalkens, H.J.G. Waltmans, E.K. Union understands the depth of uruversal rights. Wessel-Tuinstra, J.F. Wolff, M.A.M. concern and universal outrage. we consider the right of each individual Woltgens, j,M. Worrell, M. WUthrich· In my State of the Union speech, I de· to ·experience his or her sexuallty in his or Van der Vlist, K. Z1Jlstra, B.A. de scribed the consequences of a threat to our her own way, as a matter which belongs to a Boer, S.J.M. Dijkman, C~. Evenhuts- own vital interests in the Persian Gulf person's private doma.pt. and as such an un­ van Essen, G. Gerritse, I. Haas-Berger, region. As long as Soviet invading forces are deniable right of every person. It follows P.R.H.M. van der Linden, J.J. Voogd, in Afghanistan, we will continue our own from that that the United States ought not P. Dankert, J. Mommersteeg, G.M.P. forceful actions. Normal commerce has been to let the question of a foreign visitor's ellgi-. Cornelissen W.O. Bremen.e interrupted there will be no high-technol- bility for. a visa. depend among other things, ogy equip~ent sold to the Soviet Union, I on his or her sexual orientation. Apart from will not issue permits to Soviet fisherman in that, in our opinion, the· Immigration Law PRESIDENTIAL INTENTiON RE- U.S. waters, and neither the American. also clashes with the free traffic of persons. GARDING THE WATER PROJ- people, nor I, will support the sending ot This is an international principle, W}lich ECTS BILL our- athletes. to the Olympic games in gained fresh momentum from the Helsinki Moscow as long as the .invading forces stay Agreement. . . HON~ BOB EDGAR in Afghanistan: We are of the opinion that as champions OF PENNSYLVANIA Americans want peace. And when we act of this agreement the United Stat~s ought calmly," firmly, an.d with strength, and when to follow this principle also in this matter. IN THE HOUSE ·oF REPRESENTATIVES we describe clearly the advantages of peace That is why we address un urgent appeal and the absence of _aggression, then we to the House of Representatives to bring Monday, !"ebruary 11, 1980 :reduce the risk of war. about an end to this form of dis~rimination, e Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, on Feb- The holding of our: hostages has shocked for example by asking your. country's Gov- ruary 7, the President gave a speech and outraged every American.. and now w~ · 2.634 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980

·are doing everything through private diplo- provecj.. ways ~f addressing the energy prob- are still being studied, projects that have macy, through every avenue, to protect lem. That is why I will be fighting for the never been studied, projects that have been. America's interest, to uphold the principles passage of a standby gasoline rationing plan thorQug-hly ··studied and found to be un­ of our nation and to secure the safety and to be imposed in our country if we should sound. .In addition, this bill would commit the release of our people with the opportu- have a severe energy shortage. And that is us to new federal spending programs that nity of bringing them home where they are why I fought so hard for a strong windfall would amount to tens of billions of dollars loved and where they are not forgotten. profits tax, so that on compaiues can share in the years ahead. Waste creates inflation. In Iran, in Asia and elsewhere throughout their portion of these burdens. Yesterday, The wate.r resources bill as passed by the the world, the United States·is meeting its the windfall profits tax ·conference commit- House, is a bad bUl. It's a wasteful bUl. It's international challenges with restraint and tee made good progress, after a long delay an inflationary bUl. And with your help and with resolve, and Americans have exhibited and I am convinced that very soon now the support, I do not intend to allow that bill to a remarkable degree of national unity and Congress will act favorably upon this major become law. co~on purpose. . . pryopoous!Ua.lso know that the skyrocketing You and I share the responsibility also of .nc..President, I need your help, and I need making the government work, competently your understanding, and I need your sup- prices of energy, everyWhere on earth, is the and compassionately, for consumers, for port. We must defe~d our interests at home biggest cause of inflation. And inflation con- workers, for . competitive free enterprise as well as abroad. Above all, that means cut- tlnues to be the number one threat to system, for the environment, even in a time ting out our excessive dependence on for- consumers. of economic and poiitical adversity, which eign oil, which makes our nation so vulner- As President, I must tell the truth about we face right now. Part of our success has able now and in the future. There are only inflatiOn. The inflation we {ace now took 15 been a direct result of the people that we two things that we can do. One is to con-· years to build up. It is a worldwide problem. have been ~ble to bring into government: serve energy, and the other one is tO pro- In the nations,"some of whom are our close You in the consumer movement have lent duce more American energy. These two are allies, the inflation rate is now above 100 also closely interrelated, one with another. percent, per year. The battle to reduce infla- me some of your best advocates to serve American consumers in the top positions in We must face facts. We have no choice tion will be long and hard and there will be goverment. I am particularly proud of but to make·a painful adJustment to rapidly · no easy victories. increasiilg worldwide energy prices.We Infiation cannot be vanquished without people like Joan Claybrook, Susan King, and Mike Pertschuk, and l"ather Geno cannot afford to mislead ourselves. Subsidiz- effort and sacrifice. It cannot be abolished Baroni, and Sam Brown, Graciela Olivarez, ing on prices to keep them artificially low by decree or by law or by creating a gigantic and of course, your own . former executive can only harm both 'the efforts that I just new federal . bureaucracy. There are no secretary, Carol Foreman. described, conservation, because people are simple solutions, no magic wands that we ·~,. ti to There are many others, but I want to say inc lin e d to use too much 0 n wh en the P rice can wave and expec t uu,a on go away. a special word about one of them, Esther is held below what it ought to be and it ob- In the short term, our moat urgent task is structs the production of American energy to prevent the OPEC price increases from Peterson, my Special Assistant. if artificially cheap ollls available in prefer- being embedded permanently in the wage- She is my special assistant for consumer af­ ence to solar energy or other competitive price structure of our nation's economy. We fairs. I love her. I guess we all do. But she is energies which give us opportunities for the also share a deep moral obligation and com- · more than lovable. She Is also very effec­ future. · mttment to see that the burdens of inflation tive. She has more courage and understand- A.fter three years of some of the toughest do not fall disproportionately on the poor ing and experience in fighting for ~ consum­ legislative battles ever seen on Capitol Hill, and the weak and the inarticulate. Beyond ers than anyone I know, and I am very we· are on the verge of enacting a comi>re- that, we must face the fundamental causes proud -to be her friend and her co-worker. hensive energy policy for our ·country that of inflation. This means more savings, m'Ore SOmetimes I don't know who gives the will im~rove the way we conserve energy investments, mQre basic research, more com- orders, but I know I always carry out'what and preserve and improve the way that we petition, more technological innovation to she decides. produce energy. . · . give us a more productive America. It also As she points out to me, a key to making C'Jngressionalleaders have acted responsi- means budget restraint, always with a sensi- government work is direct citizen participa­ bly under very difficult circumstances in tivity to human needs. It means that we tion. I recently signed a consum­ getting this program through the House cannot do everything we would like to do. It ers' protection executive order, drafted by and through the Senate. But the conferenCJ! means hard choices, and those of us who are Esther Peterson, to ensure that consumer committees, particularly those on ~ the leaders must be ready and able and have the voices will be heard in a loud and clear form Energy Security CoJ"l>Qration ·and Energy courage to make those hard choices. in every major agency of the federal govern­ Mobilization Board, are another story. we If we are .to control inflation, we simply ment. Government agencies will seek new expected them to act last year. Now .it IS cannot afford a wanton waste of the taxpay- . ways to involve citizens in their decision. My February, and the conferees are still bogged ers• money. The water projects bill which regulatory reform bill will extend ·public down in bickering and delay. Apparently just passed the House is shot through with participation funding throughout the entire they do not share the sense of urgency that textbook examples of that wanton waste of federal government. (Applause.> Together, is felt by the American people on this cru· American taxpayers' money. sometimes over tremendous difficulty, we cial question of an energy policy. Our na- I'd like to quote for you from what a great are opening the doors and it is up to you to tiona! security, the quality of our lives, na- ·American once said: enter and to bring other Americans through tional unity, common understanding, fair- "The days of 'pork-barrel' legislation are th<>se doors. , ness and equity depend upon· the rapid com- · over. Every dollar of our expenditures for I promised to reform government regula­ pletion of tJlis energy policy without fur- PQrt facilities, for inland waterways, for tion everyWhere I could My goals for regu­ ther delay in the Congress. And then we will fiood control, for the reclamation of swamp latory reform are very clear. Where regula­ have an energy program that will help us to- and arid lands, for· highways, · for public tion is unnecessary, where it stifles competi­ cut down w~te, produce American coal, buildings, shall be expended only by trained tion, regulation should be.· eliminated. crude oil, natural gas, _synthetics, will .help men in accordance with a continuing plan." Often traditional regUlation of industries us to shift to solar and other replenishable The author of that statement was Frank- . such as airlines and trucking just protects fornis of energy and wW also help us at the lin Delano Roosevelt. It was made in 1920, cartels, little OPECs, that keep prices high same time to protect the quality of our envi- whert he made an acceptance of the nomina- by keeping competition out. Airline -deregu­ ronment. tion as a Democratic candidate for Vice lation revolutionized air transportation and We DiuSt never forget that conservation is President. I am sure he was, bitterly disap- produced $2.5 billion 1n savings for consum­ the cheapest and the cleanest source of pointed when he got to the White House ers. Trucking deregulation will save blllion.S energy. Whep we insulate a home, when we and began to deal with the American Con- of dollars more. This is a goal that was pur­ ride. in an efficient vehicle, when we share a gress, because here we are 60 y,ears later~ -sued by a hero of yours and mine, Senator ride with a fellow worker, we not only spend and the pork-barrel express ·is still rolling Phil Hart. . .And our commitment less for fuel, we also breathe cleaner air, and along.-Unless we derail_it, -it. will roll right to these kinds of goals and ideals are a trl­ we do somethlhg concrete for the future of over our budget and it will flatten our anti- bute tO him and to his ideals. And I would our country. It does require some sacrifice, inflation efforts. like to pay particular tribute, again, to an­ but it is actually a better way to live. I have been fighting this battle with the other senator, Senator Ted Kennedy, who Throughout the world these days, there . help of many of you for three years. I have wlll be speaking later on today to you, a are and must be in the future, sacrifices. vetoed a similar bill already. I believe in a good consumer advocate, for his work as a But in our country, you and I,lhust see that &Qund water projects program, and I have partner with me, in the evolution and now sacrifices are shared again with equity, and submitted such a progiam to Congress. It the passage of the trucking deregulation with falmess. That Is why we have fought would spend precious tax dollars, in FDR's legislation. . alone, no President could. President Harry fabled "Hollywood" entertainment in· I salute you for the measure that you Truman expressed the problem well when dustry. have taken to help America be a more he said: ."You know, they have lobbies down Needless to say. many joys come out decent place, and to give our people a more there-the )'OWer trust, and they have the of this wonderfully imaginative world decent society. EVery child saved by bum real estate lobby .and they have the oU lob· safety rules, every person alive today be­ bies and they have lobbies for thiS ·and that as it creates one witty and whimsical cause automobiles and highways are safer. and the other thing. And the .only lobby character after another• . every person who drinks p\J.re water and. that the people have Is the man who sits in As the Congressm8Jl for this district. who breathes clean air, every worker who Is the White House. He represents 150 million I, no doubt, represent some .of the saved frQm a painful death because of a job­ Americans who cannot afford a lobby." most intriguing, color,ful, and distinc­ derived disease, every -such human being tive constituents in the world. In this owes you a debt of gratitude. We must work Of course, now I have you as allies, but together to protect these gains. the President still represents the .people role, I am often called upon by them As you know, there are an extraordinary who cannot afford a lobby. President to provide a constituent service. Re­ array of special Interests who have now put Truman could never ·have predicted· the sponding ·to this call, as always, it is the antitrust \and consumer protection ef­ changes that now make it so hard for a with great, great pleasure, · and just a forts of the Federal Trade Commission at President alone, or even with the consumer pinch of cheek, that I call to the at­ the top of their hit list. . federation, to balance the scales. ours· is a tention of one and all a most momen­ Obviously, no agency should be immune time when a lobbyist pushing one button on tous occasion. frotn scrutiny and assessment and correc­ a computer can· immediately send 10,000 let­ . I am speaking of the 30th birthday tion and clariffation. But a fine-tuning oper­ ters on any subject to the Congressmen on of a loveable curmudgeon, Mr. Quincy ation must not .be turned Into a wreck.ine the Hill. But consumers have some things Magoo, a myopic munchkin of wide crew. that special Interests do not have. We have The Federal Trade Commission Act Is one the power of numbers. And we have right. renown. of the oldest and most fundamental safe­ and justice on otir side .. forces when any one Qf the goals that we fused wisdom, constant ~ good cheer, Just look briefly at some of the accusa­ support is threatened. We need the help of and an abundance of chortles and tions against the Fl'C. It Is not wrong to ten each other. And now especially I need your chuckles. a bereaved and a vulnerable consumer how help on a good co~umer agenda-a strong much a funeral will cost. It is not bad Mr. Magoo has had a very successful tO windfall profits·tax, a national health plan, career, due in large measure to the allow professionals-doctors, lawyers and hospital cost containment.. the enhance­ others-to give Information to their /clients ment of personal privacy, trucking deregula­ skillful guidance of UPA Productions who are consumers. It does no harm to re- . tion, helping small savers get a better of America. He has starred in 39 .car­ store. ·competition to overprotected Indus­ return on their money, protecting the Fl'C, toon movies, many shorts, and numer­ tries and to save consumers hundreds of and sound class action legislation; many ous TV· specials: In the commercial millions of dollars per year. Yet, provisions and entertainment world, he has shed exactly like these are now being considered other items, the agenda is broad, the Issues ar~.sharply drawn, the threat Is great, unity more light on more things than most by Congress which would stop activities, like people. · these, dead In their tracks. · fs mandatory. · He has been nominated for six Acad­ One egpecfally harmful idea .would allow Congress will not respond to consumers if legislative veto of Fl'C regulations. This is it does not hear from consumers. And .that _emy Awards,. has won two Oscars-a unconstitutional, this is bad goverriment. It Is qUite often the difference between victorj grand achievement even for a charac­ would create a whole new form of" red tape. or defeat. While we sit complacently by or ter as · versatile · and talented as the It would tum regulatory enforcement irito concentrating on one .Issue on the agenda, venerable Mr. Magoo. an endless process of capricious negotiation the lobbfsts are working day and night with As part of his 30th birthday celebra­ with special·interests. (Applause.> I am glad a highly focused. highly competent effort to tion, some of the movies of Mr. Magpo that yesterday, with your help, the Senate change one vote and then another· and then will be screened at the Museum of reJected a one House veto amendment. And another, ln some obscure paragraph ln legis­ I hope that the Congress, In Its wisdom. will Modern Art in New York-City and at lation that might cause catastrophe In the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C.• reject all ·· such .congressional veto amend­ life of many Americans. We must spread the ments ln the future. message together, for when speclallnterests within the next few weekS. Included The Federal Trade Commission is one of fight against conSumers, it ·ts an assault on will be·the movie cartoon, "Uncle -Sam the greatest weai>ons the American public the pocketbooks and the health and the Magoo, a Man who Loves His Coun­ has to guarantee truth and Integrity and safety of the American people. That is the try." competition ln the marketplace. X: will not mes,sage that nee$ to be 'promulgated. In these times of lincertainty, it is let it be picke~I- to pieces. . And I I am speaking out as President. You need reassuring that Mr. Magoo's message want to make It clear' to Mike and to you to spread the message yourselves ln your is persuasive and contagious and being and to the Congress·by pledging to you now neighborhoods, .ln. ·your .churches. In your shared by more and more Americans that lf the Congre!!S sends me a bill that cripples. the' ability' of the Federal Trade union hails, ·In your ~o-ops, In the news each day. · Commission to protect the consumers of media, and on Capitol Hill. So-, By George, here's happy birth­ America then I, as President, w1ll veto that . If together we c~ let the.truth be known, day to the oldest 30-year-old in the bUl. It woUld be a serious mis­ then together we w111 prevail. movies, an involved constituent and a take for us to underestimate the seriousriess Thank you very much. . • Tesident of everywhere.e 2636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES methods we should have learned by now to criminal by measuring predisposition or pro­ UNION avoid. Government misconduct by law -en­ pensity to commit crimes. In our .view it is forcement officials is not an appropriate re­ therefore improper to give determinative sponse to government misconduct by elected· significance to a vaguely defined "predispo­ · HON. DON EDWARDS officials. sition", which is antecedent to and separate OF CALIFORNIA We hope, therefore, despite the reported from the criminal act itself. Three Jus­ comment by one of your senior staff, that tices-Justices · Roberts, Brandeis, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this investigation will be taken very serious­ Stone-concurring in Sorrells, adopted this Monday, Febrilary 11, 1980 ly, and that- you will consider whether view · and opposed· the "predisposition" · ra­ changes in the applicable Federal regula­ tionale adopted by Chief Justice Hughes. e Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. tions may be required to assure that ·such They believed, "whatever may be the de­ Speaker, while undercover operations disclosilres are not made in the future. We merits of the defendant, or his previous in­ of the FBl have been useful in appre­ approve your decisions not to interview or fractions of law, these will not justify the hending crim!Jlals, care must be taken request the notes of reporters and not to investigation and creation [by the govern­ by the.• JuStice .·,Department and the use lie detector tests 9n departmental mem­ ment] of a new crime, as a means to reach FBI to insure that proper procedures bers who may have been involved; But we him and punish him for ·his past misde­ are followed so that the legal rights of hope you will make every legitimate effort meanors ••." 287 U.S. at 456-9. individuals are protected as well the to identify those departmental members The ACLU believes this latter view, which who may have been involved and to apply . focus~s on the objective standards of the Government's criminal cases. · · what sanctions are available and appropri­ government's conduct rather than on the John H. F.' Shattuck, director of the ate. subJective standard c;.f the defendan~'s "pre­ American Civil Liberties Union's Finally, we hope you will. reconsider the disposition", Is wiser and more consistent Washington, D.C. office, has written wisdom of permitting the kind of investiga­ with the protection of individual rights arid to both the Attorney General and to tive techniques appare~tly used in ~his in­ the limitation of overbroad discretion by our colleague CHARLES E. BENNETT, stance. We are concerned principally about law enforcement officials. Indeed, until chairman of the House Ethics Com­ two elements o{ the techniques used: United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423 (1973), 1. Authorization. We believe that the use this view was accepted by the majority of mittee, explaining the ACLU's· con­ of undercover agents·should be governed by lower federal courts. According to this view, cerns on this subject. The .two letters Fourth Amendment standards. That means which the ACLU still vigorously urges, en­ follow: · · that an appropriate evidentiary threshold trapment ought to be a doctrine that aims .AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, .should nave been reached ~fore such an to prohibit reprehensible government con­ New York, N.Y., February 6, 1980. extensive, longstanding, and intrusive un­ duct regardless of the- "predisposition", Bon. BENJAMIN R. CIVILETri, · dercover operation was authorized. The whatever that is, of the individual , en­ U.S. ·Attorney General. Department of Jus­ news stories do not indicate· what evidence trapped. As Justice Harlan wrote in the ma­ tice, Washington, D. C. of criminal activity against targeted public jority opinion in Lopez v. United States, 373 DEAR GENERAL CIVILETri: We applaud officials existed prior to the undercover op.. u.s. 427 <1963), "the conduct with which your prompt decision to conduct an internal eration, whether such evidence~ if it existed, the defense of entrapment is . concerned is investigation to .determine whether depart­ was sufficient to justify the undercover OP­ the manufacturing the crime by law ep­ mental employees,-including agents of the erations, or, whether. similar evidence exist­ forcement officials and their agents." 373 Federal Bureau of Investigation as well as ed with respect to other officials who were U.S. at 434 oi;ed, vigor­ . tion!U Explorer Winter Games, Duluth, OF KENTUCKY ously and, at times, effectively by congres­ Minn.; and the Reader's Digest-Boy Scouts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sional Uberals. They strongly favored the of America National Public Speaker Monda71, February 11, 1980 categorical erant programs which dominat­ Contest. ed the federal grant-in-aid system until the e Mr. HOPKINS, Mr. Speaker, I was 1970s, and which, particularly since the New Outstanding Explorers were recognized­ unable to be present for ·· all of the Deal, had served to enhance the power of through· a .vaJ1ety of awards programs, in· the central government vis-f.-vis the states. eluding a James S. ·Kemper ·Foundation voting which took place on January 31 because I hosted a field hearing for This time the lines are blurred at best. Scholarship, .the U.S. Secret SerVice Law The rhetoric of the New Federalism is gone. Enforcement Assistance Award, six National the Tobacco Subcommittee in _ my The current President is a Democrat whose Exploration Awards, Young American hometown of Lexington. 'Ky. Five of enthusiasm for revenue sharing is limited. Awards, and six J. Edgar Hoover Founda­ my colleagues were able to join me for Some liberals may now actua.lly support the tion Scholarships, Daniel S. Voll, 18-year­ the hearing, mcluding Mr. WALTER program, because of the fact that it pro­ old Explorer from Rockford, m.. won a JoNES, the subcommittee chairman. vides some aid to the needy central cities $10,000 scholarship over 350,000 of his peers Mr. WAMPLER, Mr. WHITLEY, Mr. and · because of the 'strong civil rights in Century III -competition of the Natlonal GUDGER and Mr. HAGEDORN. ~•strings" which were added in 1976. On the Association of Secondary School PrlncipaJS. If I had been present, I would have other hand. many conservatives wtto might One thousand BSA Scouts and leaders voted for the Snowe amendment, for in previous years have favored the .program participated in DALAJAMB in Sweden from the Walker amendment, for the Kind· on ideological grounds may now be willing to discard it in ness motion to recommit, and againSt favor of ,the higher goal of a balanced ternational encampments which replaced final passage of H.R. 5980.e the 15th World Jamboree scheduled for budget. Iran which was cancelled because of unsta­ The ~ntire budgetary issue is becoming in­ creasingly complex. The national economy ble conditions in that country. ALso as a REVENUE SHARING is now in a recession. Nevertheless, Congress result of this cancellation, several countries may have to act on revenue sharing before sent their jamboree ' contingents to the HON. BOB EDGAR the length and depth of the· economic fall­ United States. More than 700 British, 120 off are in sharper focus. The effects of a South Afri~ and _so Japanese Scouts o:r PENNSYLVANIA negative prognosis on revenue sharing are .hiked the trails of the Philmount- Scout IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES difficult to gauge. On the one hand, if state Ranch in New Mexico and canoed the riven Monday, February 11, 198(} and· local governments are viewed .as par­ of the high-adventure bases in Maine~ ticularly vulnerable to economic downttirn, More than 500 BQy Scouts and leaders ·• Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, la.St there may be greater justification for broad represented the Boy scouts of America in June, the Council for Northeast Eco­ federal aid. On the other hand, if a federal · afficial contingents to jamborees and activi· nomic Action sponsored a seminar on tax cut is seen as a necessary stimulative ties in -Switzerland. Australia, and Canada. revenue sharing. Based largely on that measure, tJle pressure to reduce or eliminate Countless others took part in patrol and seminar, James· M. Howell, senior vice revenue -sharing may become intense. be­ troop exchanges wtth brother Scouts across president and chief economist, and cause there is "no revenue ·to share." the border in Canada and Mexico. The In· George P. Brown, profess9r of law at Indeed, one of revenue sharing's greatest temational Camp Staff Program reached a J3oston College Law School... wrote the obstacles may well turn out to be the fat new high in participation. More· than 160 following article. I urge my colleagues that it is forced to run the gauntlet precise­ overseas -..,leaders from 27 countries served to read this timely article: ly at a time when· Washington is preoccu­ this past -summer on camp staffs in 114 pied by what some have referred,to as "the councils throughout the United States. THE R~ SIIARING GAUNTLET: FiscAL new realities:• a concept of .scarce federal F'EDERALISII AT THE CROSSROADS Each counselor was privfleged to take part- dollars and the desirability ol a balanced in a 10-day sightseeing tour. The Direct Ser- , chair­ vice Council ·ended the year with .94 Scout- Brown•> man of the Senate subcommittee with juris­ ing units serving 2,661 youth members in 45 Two years ago, a major study of· American diction over revenue sharing, has described countries. intergovemme~tal relations concluded that, the context in which grant programs are re­ examined as "an era of limited resources The President's Environmental Youth "With the 1976 reenac~ent of general rev­ where the margin for error 1s smaller." Ob­ Awards .....ogram, invol·~ ...... young people in . enue sharing, Its future as a permanent fea- ..,. ".o.ua ture of American federalism seenis as- viously. a program which distributes almost energy conservation and educational proj- sured."t Few would offer such a rosy assess­ $7 billion to 39,000 units of state and local ects. was launched in early summer. The ment of revenue sharing's future today. government-some of which ·appear to ·have first CUb Scout, Boy Scout, and Explorer to This major federal program-due to expire little "need" for the funds-is going to come complete the respective requirements re- in, Sept~mber 1980-currently distributes under exceedingly strict scrutiny. ceived certificates from 'President Carter in $6.85 billion to 39,000 units of state and Another problem which revenue sharing Washington, D.C., last November. The Na- local government. Despite Its guaranteed will encounter in the Congress is the in­ tiona! Conservation Committee named base of support, the signs are increasingly creasing awareness of "trade-offs." tn the Eddie Albert as national chairman for the clear that revenue sharing's gauntlet w1l1 be past, grant programs up for reauthorization 1981-82 national conservation emphasis. more difficult than ever, and that at the were considered ostensibly on their own Last summer the Boy Scouts of America end of the debate ·fiscal federalism in the merits: Was a particular program achieving moved tts national office from North Bruns- United .States lria,y be dramatically altered. to ·a reasonable 'degree the CODgressional ·ob-• wick, N.J., to a more centrally located site in This article examines the background and jectives? Now, however, .there .are attempts Irving, Tex, near the D~/Port Worth principal themes 'Of the emerging debate. to contrast the benefits· to be derived from A.inx>rt. The new office ts a functio~al four- At the outset, it 1s worth noting that the one program to the potential benefits ·which story building with 150~000 sQ. ft. for 550 na- 1979-1980 'revenue sha.rtng debate will the same sum of federal dollars might achieye in anot~er ti al 'l n...... ri ' almost certalnly not. have -the intense ideo- area. on .emp..:oyees ...... o.uu.. this pe od, the ·logical flavor Of 1972 and 1978. Revenue Professional Tralnlng Center transferred its The senior intergovernmental specialist operation from the Schiff Sc.out 'Reserva· sharing was the tlagship of 'Richard Nixon's on Capitol Hill, Dr. Delphis Goldberg of the tion in Meridham. N.J. to facilities in Arlln.g- "new federalism," the cornerstone of his at­ House Subcommittee on Intergovernmental ton, Tex. These moves were aff-ected with· tempt to und:o the Great Society programs Relatic;>ns, attributes much· of this phenom­ enon to the new budget process. In his out discontinuing. anY .maJor plans or • James M. Howell Ia senior vice preaident and words, "The Budget Control l¢d 'Impound­ programs. chief economist, the First National Bank.of BoSton. ment Act has ·Introduced a new .discipline In As our nation moves Into . an uncertain Oeorge D. Brown 1a professor of law, Boston Col­ the Congress. Some would think it not teiTl­ period, tbe Boy Scouts of America will con· lege Law School. The authors were coordinators of blY. disctpllned at this point, but lt is a dif. tinue its .efforts to produce-young citizens a seminar on "The Future of Reve~ue Sha.rtng," ferent way of doing business:• Certafnly. ready :and w1l1lng to face the hard realities held In Washington, D.C. on June 4. This article looking at the totality of federal grant pro­ draws on the ·presentations made at the meettna of a new decade. and all quotations are taken from them unleu oth­ grams forces Congress to ask 'Whether gen­ DoWNING B. JENKS, -erwise ,noted The .full proceedinga are to be pub- eral purpose fiscal assistance to states and localities ought to railk as high as--aay, na­ President. -llshed by the Academy for Contemporary Prob- lems, 1501 Nell Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 44115. tional health insurance, welfare reform, J.L.T~. 'Dam, The American Fiscal ·conatttutton. 44 repair. of the interstate highway system; and 'Chief Scout Executive.e u~ Chi. L. REV. .211, 314 <197'1'). the extensive needs of local water. and February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2639 sewage system& Apart from the general CU­ and citizen complaint provisions, the citizen In "targeting'' grant funds, a major Issue 1s inate, however, Congressmen are Ukely to participation provisions, and the audit re- whether the distribution formula can, or ask two analytlcalllf distinct sets of ques­ quirement. should, be altered. The political difficulties tions about revenue .sharing itself: first. 1s In the forthcoming renewal debate, civil of tinkering with a formula which doles out there a need for the program; second, how rights is likely to be the most closely exam- funds to 39,000 recipients are obvious. As well 1s the existing program operating? At · ined of these three areas. The compliance John Duncan, minority staff director of the the moment, the ·first set of questions has activities of the Office of Revenue Sharing Rouse Subcommittee on Intergovernmental been dominant 1n the early phases of the re- · reach deeply into the heart of local Relations, puts. lt, "The revenue sharing newal debate. The need Issue came to the government's activities, affecting both public program 1s a contentious systeui. Some win employment practices and the provision of and someone else must · lose unless pew forefront during dellberation over the first funds are pumped into the program." budget resolution, 1n the form of an attempt . services to constituents. The current admin- Mr. Duncan's observation sums up the to reduce or ellm1nate the states' share 1n · the stantially more aggressive stance in these program w111 be enlarged. Of course, taking current program. It 1s true, of course, that areas than its predecessor. For example, the f tat civil rights division now has 45 employees as away the .one-third share o the s es some congressmen may have been reacting would permit some experimentation with to resolutions passed by state legislatures opposed to four or five employees three years the formula, but it seems more probable calling for a balanced federal budget. The ago. Even so, the tight deadlines which the ·that that money would simply be used to Issue of state "need" Is, however, legitimate. statute imposes on agency action lead to reduce the federal budget deficit, rather Several states have accumulated substantial strong pressure to settle cases. Still, one for- than to alter revenue sharing. At this point, sUJl)luses. Others have cut taxes. mer critic, William Taylor, director of the the most Ukely scenario 1s that 1f the pro­ While the conventional wisdom has main­ Center for National Policy Review, feels that gram is renewed the formula will remain as tained that the federal government has "llt­ the current compliance agreements are far ts, and efforts -at better targeting will be erally cornered" the market on Income more specific than the "pious pledges" which concentrated on programs such as the ad· taxes, observers today point out that more ORS was willing to accept prior to 1976. ministration's attempt to revive antireces- than 40 states have personal Income taxes. The expiration of revenue sharing pre- sionary fiscal assistance . guments on·behalf of state participation In the potential to alter discriminatory prac- Another frequently discussed change,Js general revenue sharing are· seriously tices of state and local gpverntnents. On the the· use of revenue sharing as a means of Undercut. other hand, advocates of minority interests "leveraging state governments"· to engage in Still. there are substantial arguments 1n are acutely aware of the trade-off problem "modernization" or "equitable" treatment favor of continued state participation. The alluded to above; if forced to choose be- · of local governments. However, apart from surpluses are . conamtrated· 1n only a few tween revenue sharing and categorical social. possible constitutional llmitations, there are states, and may be temporary. Moreover, services programs which benefit their con- considerable practical obstacles in the way eliminating the states from general revenue . stituencies, they would almost certainly of such efforts. first of all, it 1s hard to sharing would almost certainly have a ripple choose the latter. · reach agreement on what changes ought to effect on the amount of state aid going to As for citizen participation, the early re- be made, given the extreme diversity ~ong local governments. U the real victims of turns appear to be that the two hearings the 50 states. Second, any such "strings" such a change were, in fact, the local· gov­ mandated by the 1976 amendments are not would present serious compliance dtfficul· ernments, then Congress may wish to think having a great deal of impact. In the words ~ies. Finan}', there 1s the question of wheth­ twice before it takes such. a drastic step. of Herman Schwartz, general counsel of the er revenue sharing funds are a sufficiently What about tlie question of local need?­ Office of Revenue Sharing, "We have large carrot to support such a radical feder- Obviously, the fiscal condition of 39,000 ju­ al stick. . gotten very dlscouragln g repo rts b ack a bo u t A major unanswered question 1s whether a risdictions 1s a subject about which it 1s dlf· hearings that were scheduled at which ficult to speak 1n general terms. In the case three newspaper people, a candidate fo.r significant e1 ement in the debate will be the of large urban jur1sd1ctions. recent research some local office, ·and a dog showed up, and old Issue of how recipients are "using the ·has suggested that they may not be under not much else." Research by. Richard Cole money." Political scientists still differ the ·degree of fiscal stress which prevailing of George Washington University suggests sharply on how ·to answer this question, or opinion has assumed existed. Nonetheless, that the jurisdictions which are incllned to even whether 1t 1s the right way of phrasing .even 1f this is so, the relatively good fiscal take public hearings seriously were already the inquiry into the fiscal effects of general · condition of these cities must be due, 1n conducting such hearings and reacting to revenue sharing. part, to the effects of the federal grant-In­ the opinions voiced prior to the 19'16 amend· M6st Congressmen may well feel that this aid system. Eliminating revenue sharing Is not the ·major Issue. A general purpose would have serious effects on the operating ments. Although Professor Cole stresses the fiscal assistance- 1s exactly that: money budgets of large cities, since these jur1sd1c­ tentative nature of his findings, they tend which localities can use exactly as they tiona, particularly those which show ·some strongly to suggest that the 1976 amend- would use their own source revenues. Thus, ments have not had a substantlaltmpact on signs of fiscal stress, tend to use the funds citizen participation. This phenomenon does It 1s not surprising that a hard-pressed cen- in a highly substitutive manner. In conclu­ not necessarily prove that the revenue shar- tral city may use revenue sharing in a large- sion, while the degree.of need is exceedingly ly substitutive manner, to maintain basic hard to measure, it does seem .to be the case ing program itself 1s somehow "at ~ault," services, while a well-off suburban commu- that local governments 1n the United States but may, instead, shed some light on the ef- nlty uses it to finance desirable capital 1m· are not out of the woodS financially, that ficacy of federally mandated public hear- provements. the states probably eannot do the entire job ings as a means of ensuring genuine citizen The real issue 1s whether the federal gov- of providing Intergovernmental aid to local­ participation. ernment should be in the business of gener- ities, and that revenue sharing plays an The real "sleeper'' in the 1976 amend· a! purpose fiscal assistance at alL Powerful Important part 1n maintaining local fiscal ments appears to be a requirement of a pert- arguments can be made that funds raised by viability. odic audit for all jurisdictions receiving the national government should be llmited The second set of queStions will focus on more than $25,000 ·annually. This affects ap.- 1n their expenditure to priorities identified the manner in which revenue· sharing is cur· proximately 11,000 governments. Accordin& by the national government and met by pro­ rently working. In this context, it is helpful to Herman Schwartz, the bookkeeping prac- grams which it either administers directly to reflect on the 1975-1976 renewal debate. tices of some .of these jurisdictions were or which it super\Tises closely, .such as cate­ The initial act had been the subject of an "prtmitive." The extent to which the audit gorical and, perhaps, block grants. With this intensive monitoring effolt, · conducted requirement w1ll, in fact, change local fiscal view, there 1s no room for revenue sharing. largely by public interest groups, much of it practices Is· not yet -clear, but if the 1976 Furthermore, dependence on federal grants with substantial foundation. funding. The amendments have had a beneficial effect, it may not be In the best interest of State and result of this effort was a concerted attempt may tum out to be an unexpected argument local governments either. Richud Musgrave to make maJor changes in four· separate in favor of the proponents. al government and the heavy service respon- debate. We adhere to-the view that they Beyond exam.inine the performance of the amounted to much more than a "mid-course current program, pressures inevitably· will • Musgrave, Richard, Revenue Sharin-g With the correction" in . the operation of .revenue rise to make additional changes in revenue Statea, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the sharing. At least on paper, Co~ess made 'shariilg 1f it 1s renewed at all. Given the tn.­ ·ettJI, House Committee on Banking Finance and ~ee Important. changes: the civil rights tense interest among fedetal policy makers Urban Affairs, 96th Congress, 1st Session, ·19'19. 2640 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 sibllities of the subnational levels.-Particu- · tional consciousness• pushed off the mately happens to tbe 1980 summer larly insofar as local governments are con- front pages on the Nation's newspa-. Olympics. cerned, these arguments stlll maintain a pers, and off th~ main airways of our ·The letter and other material fol· substantial thrust. · television and radio networks by the lows: · Moreover, f~er-.l . J7Ql1cy .ma.kers ~hould ·rush of stre·e· t crime and political.scan­ not overlook the .tntenrentlonlst ·· potential NEW YORK STATE which the 19'16 : amendtne~t;S ·:ttelc;l'.out for dais. I felt, at the time, that my fear OLYMPIC COMMITTEE, the federal government. U in fact revenue was perfectly justified: After all, over JanuaT'I/31, 1980. sharing Is a powerful engine for change in 1,300 American military personnel, Bon. FREDICK RICHMOND, . the employment and 8ervtce discrimination listed as missing, in action, are now U.S. House of Representatives, 1701 Long­ areas, it wUl achieve what no other federal light-years from public. consciousness, worth Building, Washington, D. C. ~ program has been able to do or seems likely in spite of reports of live sitings and a DEAR MR. RICHMOND: The New York State to do. The same potential for influence Olympic Committee is charged with the re­ exists in other areas such as fiscal practices. North Vietnamese warehouse full of sponsibility for fund raising in this state on If the interventionist rationale Is accept- 400 boxes of bones of dead Americans. behalf of our. American athletes training ed, the real question for the national gov- A disgrace. _ . and/or competing in international events. ernment Is not whether to reenact general To the ladies and gentlemen of ABC, In this capacity, we have prepared the en­ revenue sharing but where to stop in ex.:. I can only say congratulations on a job closed position paper with the tun knowl­ plotting its potential. In 1976, several mem- well done. You have elevated your pro­ edge and support of the United States bers of the House Committee on Govern-· Olympic Committee. I ask you to review it ment Operations warned against using reve- fession to celestial heights, and you carefully. · · nue sharing as a means to convert "our are. an inspiration for all of us to ele­ We want it clearly understood by all that States into provinces and our local govern- vate our own mental and moral facul­ the NYSOC fully supports the decisions . ments into administrative precincts." a Any ties, iil the words of author Cooper, to reached by President Carter and the USOC . . such attempt by Congress would probably the highest point. Congress, these There are, however, vital points of infor­ wreak greater hav~ with the system of c;lays, can use the inspiration.e mation that need to be brought before the fiscal federalism which has grown up over American people. For example, of the cur­ the past 40 years than would the total elimi­ rent $43 tnillion USOC budget, only about nation of general revenue sharing. It Is to be PRIVATE FINANCIAL CONTRIBU· · $3.5 mlllion Is earmarked · for expenses in hoped that neither of these alternatives w111 TIONS TO U.S. OLYMPICS COM· conjunction with the 1980 Summer Games be the ultimate result... MITTEE STILL NEEDED in Moscow. At this moment, contributions have virtu­ WELL DONE, ABC, WElL DONE HON. RICHMOND ally ceased and we face traumatic financial FREDERICK w. damage to the whole pro~ After you have reviewed the enclosed-doc­ HON. R~~~~o~x?ORNAN IN THE HOU~: :Wa::SENTATIVES ument, I ask you to make a public statement of support .on this ~atter and, · if possible; IN THE ~usE .oF RErRESENTATIVES Monday, FebruaT'IJ 11, 1980 move for a resolution demonstrating appre­ ciation of the plight currently facing our. Monday, FebruaT'IJ 11, 1980 • Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, in athletes. · • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, James response to· the Soviet invasion of Af. Mr. Richmond, any measures you can take Fennimore Cooper, one of America's ghanistan, an overwhelming majority to encourage vocal and financial support literary geniuses, once remarked: of the American people and of this wUl help, if only in part, to counteract the The press is equally capable of being made Congress have expressed wholeheart­ rapidly decaying morale of our American the instrument of elevating man to the ed support for the efforts of President athletes caught in th~ dilemma. highest point of which his faculties admit, . Carter and the U.S. Olympic Commit­ If you have any questions or need further or of depressing him to the lowest. tee to have the sumnier information, pleasecall. I do not think any member' of the Olympics moved from Moscow or post-· Sincerely, · press, here in -the House galleries, poned. Should these efforts fail, it is DAVID·P. MIER, would be b;lsulted if I said the fourth inevitable that the U.S. team will not · Project Director. estate rarely_raises the moral and in- participate in the summer games. tellectual faeulties of men to their The· emphaSis on the possible boy­ STMEMENT OF FINANCIAL CON. our athletes-regardless of what ulti- bilities of the USOC be brought to light: February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2641 1. Preparation ot our teams for the Pan tooth decay treatment could be saved. AN HONEST VIEW OF THE American Games. Moreover, it has _also been determined WORLD IN CLEVELAND 2. Organization and operation of the Na­ that fluoridated water can prevent up tional Sports Festival. ·to' 65 percent of all children's tooth HON. LOUIS STOKES 3. Financial subsidies for the numerous decay with benefits continuing into athletic federations In the United States OFOBXO fielding teams for various international adult life. · competitions. Today I would like ·to commend two IN THE HOYSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 4. Establishment; operation and mainte­ organizations in my own State of Ken­ Monday, February !1. 1980 nance ot"permanent tralnlng facilities. tucky for ptitting this proven preven­ 5. The admlnlstratlon of a sports medicine • Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, it often tive technique, as well as other preveri-; has been said that young people view research program. . tive. dental health. measures, into 6. Assembly of the teams to compete in the world with a raw exciteme:r;1t, awe, the Winter and Summer Games. · action on a statewide basis. As a result, and honesty. Few of us ever get a Of the current $43 million USOC Budget, the 'Kentucky DentaJ Association· and chance "to recapture the .beauty and only about $3.5 million is earmarked for ex­ Dental Branch of the State Depart­ flawless view of the world through a ·penses in conjunction with the 1980 ment for Human Resources,. recently young person's eyes. Summer Games. received the American Dental Associ­ The publication, "Around ·the World United States Olympic CoiDIDalttee activi· ation's top Community Preventive in Cleveland," provides us with that ties are and most definitely should continue Dentistry Award for 197~. I am proud . to be funqed by private sector contributions. opportunity. Cleverly using the alpha­ We are all hopeful that our Government's of the ·commonwealth's leadership on bet, the book meshes together verses posture toward th-e Soviet Union will prove this Initiative, and I hope these efforts and illustrations by seven young art­ to be successful. It is obvious, that if we are will provide a practical and· effective ists in Cleveland aboUt the world in successful we must be prepared to send a model for other States to follow in Cleveland• . As you may know, Cleve­ strong team to Moscow. this important public health area. I land is blessed with having its own If training and preparation ceases In the · am {ncluding the announcement of · near future for lack of money, we automati­ melting pot of folk traditions, cultural this award which appeared in the monuments, and different nationali­ cally handicap our athletes severely in both State · agency's newsletter ·for the the short and long term. · RECORD: . .. ties. The book provides a tiny sam­ In the event the world situation forces a pling of the hidden riches of the United States refusal to send a team to the [From the Kentucky Deutal Brancu people and their cultures in Clev.eland Summer Games in Moscow, International Update, January 19801 · minus the prejudices that many athletic competition-.if only on a limlted people formulate in later years. . "free-world" basis-will surely go on. KDA AND DHR's DENTAL BRANCH Wm TOP We are asking for a tremendous sacrifice ADA AWARD The book gives an accurate view of of our athletes In these troubled times­ Congratulation., to the Kentucky Dental the achievements, the struggles, the both emotionally and financially. Association and the Dental Branch, Depart­ characteristics, the happy times, and Traditionally, great pride is taken In the ment for Human_Resources (DHR), for win­ tbe low periods of the various culture fact that America doesn't send our athletes ning the top Artlerican Dental Association groups in Cleveland. Ms. Mary Dale, to the Olympics, AmericanS do. Community Preventlve .Dentistry Award for founder of the Peoples and Cultures We suggest that if these same athletes are 197_9! organization in Cleveland, should be asked to forgo the culmlnation. of years of commended for coordinating the prep­ effort,.. -expense and dedication, the Ameri­ \.On Oct. 21, a check for $2.000 was present­ can public demonstrate their admitf!.tlon ed to Wayne Sprouse, DMD,. MPH, Branch aration of this book. Additionally, W. and appreciation for their personal sacrifice director, during the ADA annual convention Hal Workman.and Katherine Szomoru in Dallas. · by contributing financiall~ In a greater should be cited for their assistance to measure. The ay;ard, funded by the Johnson & · the young artists. . An American boycott ·does not mean there Johns.on Co., recognizes those who have cre­ Finally, the young artists, who rep. will be no further· international athletic ated and implemented significant conimunl­ resent many of the different cultures competition. Let not our own request for. ty preventive dental projects. In presenting in ·Cleveland should be noted; They sacrifice become a permanent penalty on the award ~ t~ ADA commended DHR and are: . Vicki Fiala, Kevin Hempstead, our own American athletes.~ the KDA for their "excellent program to provide preventive dental services, fluorida­ James Hooper• . Dan Postotnik, Chris­ tion and dental health education ·for the topher Slabickt, Cecil B. Stultz, ·Linda PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY IN . people of Kentucky.'' · Vekas, and Harry Bell. KENTUCKY The Dental Branch and the KDA were · Therefore, at this time, I would like nominated by Frederick M. :{'arklns, Dean, to share ~everal of the verses from the HON. TIM LEE CARTER University of Louisville School of Dentistry, book with my colleagues for a most OF KENTUCKY and Raynor Mullins, Chairman, Depart­ memorable view of the world in. Cleve- ment of Community Dentistry, university l~nd: · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Kentucky. · AROUND THE WoRLD IN CJ.EVELANP Monday, February 11, 1980 ·The award entry was' entftled "A Preven­ A Is for Cleveland's · American Indian • Mr~ CARTER. Mr. Speaker, tooth tive Dental Environment for the Common­ Center, located on the Near West Side of decay affects nearly every person in wealth of Kentucky" aild described the the eity, where many Native Americans live. the· United States, and dental treat­ state's five preventive programs:-co~unity Did you know that more than four thou­ ment is a tremendous financial burden and rural school fluoridation, school flu­ sand Native Americans live in·the Cleveland oride mouthrinse, dental sealants and pre­ area? Or that they belong to more than to the· public and to State and Federal school fluoride supplements. Each program goveniments. In fiscai 1976, it has sixty tribes? Sioux and Navajo, Cherokee, has a dental health education component. Choctaw and Chippewa. in 1957 they began been estimated that the ·Nation's Acco:rding to Dr. Sprpuse, the partnership to come to Cleveland from reservations in dental health bill was ·nearly $9 billion of the private and public dental sectors in the West, some tribes returning after more and that the Federal Government, Kentucky is Unique in the nation and iS a than one hundred and fifty years. · · through medicaid and .other programs, key factor In the success of the state's pre­ But jobs in Cleveland were scarce and the spent . ~bout $5.00 million on dental ventive programs. strange new ways of the city difficult. s~rvices. Yet a great deal of this dental "The·strong support of the KDA has been It is. to fight these problems that the disease can be prevented and signifi­ Invaluable in helping the Branch · obtain Americ:m.Indian Center exiSts. cant savings achieved through effec­ state funding for public· dental health pro­ The Native American Indian was the first tive dental prevention programs. In grams," Dr. Sprouse sal~. "I am happy that of all of us to inhabit the shores of the particular, the use 'of fluoridation has our joint efforts· have now received .this na­ Cuyahoga. The Ottawa, Delaware, Seneca been fotind to· ·be a cost-effective tional reco·gntdori." and Chippewa lndia.n& were only a few of method of preventing and reducing The Dent&J. :arancl;l will ·use its $1.900 the many tribes who lived in northern Ohio. share of the award money· to· provide more After the white man came, warfare and dental caries. · According to a GAO fluoride supplement. supplies for pre-school broken treaties drove the Native Americans report issued in April 1979, the Public children, from· birth to six years of age, who away. .A survey ~en in Cleveland in 1900 Health ·Service estimateQ that for do not· have ·fluoridated . drinking \Vater at Indicated a population of two American In· ·every $1 spent on fluoridation, $36 for home.e dians. · CXXVI--167-Part 2 2642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1980 In 1957 the -federal ~ove~ent named HQuse of Represerttatiyes for making a Symphony Orchestra ·of Mishawaka Cleveland and seven other U.S. cities "Relo­ very good decision la.St week. By voting and .the South Bend-Mishawaka cation Centers". ThiS program was responsi­ down the Agricqltural Lands Protec­ Junior Symphony Orchestra. bie · for relocating thousands of Native Americans from their reservations to the tion Act we demonstrated our ability Nor were Mr. Gaska's musical ef­ cities. to draw the line between problems forts nmited to those bf symphonic Cis for the Cultural Gardens, Just north needing Federal attention and prob­ scale, Mr. Speaker. His Gaska string of University ·circle. Clevelanders from lems best dealt with on the local level, quartet is still going strong after .50 nineteen countries or cultures have dedi­ and more importantly, we stood years; he has taught music at Saint cated gardens here. behind our com.rilitment to reduce un­ Mary's College, the University of Delicately-traced wrought irop gates, necessary Federal spending. Notre Dame, and Concordia College; stem-faced statues and tree-shaded terraces, Clearly, this country faces a poten­ ho~t all pay tribute. to national heroes or ideals. and he has been a frequent of G is for Gospel Songs ..• songs that ring tial problem resulting from the steady radio·and television must·appreciation to the rafters_of many of ~ the churches of · conversion of a~icultural lands to programs throughout northern Indi­ Cleveland ~ They·say that gospel music took other uses. But equally clear. this ana. over where yesterday's Negro spliltuals left. problem is best handled on the local His love of music, and his eagerness off. Gospel is still about the struggles and level. Local people do not need the in­ to share that love ·with those around sorrows of b~ack ·people, but there's a centive of Federal dollars to face· ques­ him, have made him a major force in stronger beat to it now. The plano, guitar or tions over the future. use of their . our area. Although he has given up his tambourine-even the flute-are used to ac­ lands; these questions are faced daily company the choir. Th'e . singerS may clap conductor's baton, all of us who enjoy and sway as the Spirit moves them, and as local governments consider zoning music expect to hear even more from. "Gospel" gives you a feeling of being free. rulings, development issues, ·tax ques­ George Gaska in the years ahead. Who wouldn't. feel better at the sound of tions, and other matters. ·Moreover, Mr. Speaker, I insert at ·this point in "Precious Lord, Take My Hand", or "0 decisions are being made daily by the the REcoRD an article by Josephine M. - Happy Day"? people involved. Curtis, herself a leader in encouraging Cleveland was one of the first cities in This bill wrongly assumes.. that local music in Indiana, which appeared in -America to have a gospel chorus. A chorus · governments need more Federal assist­ the South Bend Tribune of December was organized here in 1933 by gospel singer I Sallie Martin and the famous writer of ance and guidance. disagree. 16, 1979, entitled "This Area's Living gospel music, .Tholll8S A. Dorsey. Through numeroWJ Federal agencies, Arthur Fiedler · Merits Special 0 is for Onion Top Pomes and Other Sur­ primarily the USDA, this Government ThankS." , prises in Cleveland. provides valuable assistance to local THIS AREA's LiviNG ARTHUR FIEDLER MERITS Sometimes when you're in Cleveland you commUilittes faced with important SPECIAL THANKs think you're in another part of the world­ land use · decisions, including ·a.n on­ in Russia or Hungary or Poland:-in Italy or going ~tudy of agricultural· land pro­ China or maybe in the United States, way tection. The , Federal Government Gray skies-blowing · snow-deserted out in the country. · tO streets-a perfect setting for nostalgia! I am A Russian cathedral with thirteen domes needs assist localities-but not do reminiscing about South Bend's musical his-· perches over the valley where the steel mU1s ·the same work or pay .for work which · tory. In this area, we have had a few musi­ roar. Another Russian church nestles in a will be done anyway. cal giants-people who have left their foot- · neighborhood near St. Clair Avenue. Sur" Most importantly, the House of Rep­ prints in the sands of music. How fitting rounded by pine trees, it looks as if a magic resentatives' rejection of this bill dem­ that we should give thanks to and for these carpet might have picked it up from deep in .onstrates a clear .coriunitment to re­ people whUe they are still with us. I cannot a Russian forest, and dropped it gently duced Federal spending. On our list of help but wonder what Arthur Fiedler would down .in Cleveland. priorities, inflation must rank at the have felt if he could have heard and read all There are balconies 1il Cleveland. Under­ the good ·things which were said about him neath them real Hungarian gypsies sang not top and ml.tst' be at the forefront of after he left this plane of existence; I so long ago. There's a pagoda, and grape· every single decision involving new wonder if he knew that his concerts with arbors, and a "Slavic Village". And a gra~ Federal spending. During considera­ "The Boston Pops" would be played over cious old house which backs onto a giant tion of this bill, we were able to weigh and over on telev4;1on programs now. neighborhood vegetable garden. Any the merits of this new program against Did you know that this area has a living sUm.mer day you'll see neighborf$ from eight Its inflationary impact, and we rightly Arthur Fiedler-a conductor who dared to to eighty carrying home bags of com and to­ decided it was not worth it. start "pop concerts"; who dared to make matoes and green beans. symphony concerts informal, warm, dramat­ Right in the middle of the city. · Again, I believe we m'ade a good deci­ ic affairs where reluctant husbands who St. Theodosius' thirteen onion domes sym­ sion last week. It is important to re­ had often come to sleep through a mourn­ bolize Jesus and His twelve apostles, Just as member that the problem of land con­ ful, lengthy symphonic evening began to· they do in Russia. The second Russian version did not go away when we voted stay awake and enJoy the informal atmos­ church is St. Sergtus. down this legislation, but it is impor-· phere of a "pops" concert? A man who ·In the Fleet Avenue-Broadway area neigh­ -tant to remember also that·our great dared to allow · students of instruments to bors are getting together to refurbish their traditions of respect for the land and play ln the regUlar. sY:mphonlc orchestras. A houses and shops to make the buildings local p·eople solving local problems did man who dared to perform operas in concert look like fondly remembered buildings in not go away either. I am confident the form. A man who dared to start concerts in Poland. the parks where many people feared the Eliza Bryant Center is a residence for the challenges of this problem will be niet damp air might· ruin the instruments. A con­ elderly; the garden behind it has long been on the locallevel.e ductor who dared to visit schools with an or­ part of a special Board of Education pro­ chestra ensemble which allowed pupils to gr~. handle and ask questions about instl'Ull1-ents Z is for the Zither and other musical in· ZIGMONT GEORGE GASKA played-informal, warm contact with the · struments played by the many peoples of music they loved. Cleveland. HON. JOHN BRADEMAS These encounters were called "Music, Wouldn't it be wonderful if we could all Mine _and Mirth." Then h~ dared to experi­ play something together some day in one OF INDIANA ment with the placement of saxophones in giant orchestra?e IN THE HOUSE OF ,REPRESENTATIVES each string section of the orchestra. What Monday, February 11,1980 about an art shO.w in connection with a sym­ phony concert? He dtd this. A GQOD DECISION OF THE e Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker,· I Have you guessed yet who this man- is? HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEe rise to pay tribute to Zigmont George Yes, it fs George Zigmont Gaska who re­ Gaska, who recently resigned as con­ cently resigned '8.8 conductor of the Elkhart --HON. MI~ SYNAR ductor of the Elkhart, Ind., Symphony Symphony Orchestra which he founded and Orchestra, which he founded and di­ directed for 30 years. He also formed the OPOKLAHOMA Little Symphony · Orchestra -of ~ishawaka · ,IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recte4 for 30 years. Mr. Gaska has long been an institu­ and the South Bend-Mishawaka JUnior , Monday, February 11, 1980 SYmphony Orchestra which toured and ' tion in northern Indiana, for, in addi­ gave regular concerts for 11 years. • Mr. SYNAR. Mr. Speaker~ I .would tion to h.~ WQrk with the Elkhart George Zigmont Gaska began to study the like to take a moment to commend the Symphony, he founded the Little violin at the age .of eight. His teachers were February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2·643 Richard Czerwonky, Frederick Ingersoll, party campaign activities. One of the MEETINGS 8cHEDULED Richard Seidel, Naum Blinder and Pierre most exemplary members of .the Re-. FEBRUARY 13 Monteux. He taught music at Saint Mary's publican ~rassroots organization in my, 10:00 a.m. College, the University of Notre Dame and 13th Cone:ressional District of' Illinois Concordia College and managed to have Governmental Affairs time for private students in his·home. is my long-time friend, Adam Skrzenta Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Feder­ He was concert master with the South of Fox Lake, Grant Township, Ill. al Services Subcommittee Bend Symphony for 12 years and for the Adam Smenta has been part of the To resume hearings on S. 742, to estab­ Fort Wayne Symphony for five years. His Republican political organization in lish Federal programs with respect t() first performance as a concert violinist was· our State for 52 years. Indeed, Adam's the safe disposing of radioactive with our local ·orchestra in the Tsehai­ political activity antedates his resi­ wastes. kowsky Violin Concerto. He produced Bee­ dence in Grant Township. 3302 Dirksen Building thoven's "Missa Solemnis" in 19'10 while Mr. Speaker, whether Republicans teaching at Goshen College. His record of FEBRUARY 15 achievement has also included two world or Democrats,. we know that the ardor, premiere performances. One·· was "Park perception, and loyalty -of those who 10:00 a.m. Avenue Kids," and 4merican folk opera by participate in activities in our .system Appropriations Don Gillis, noted Amen~ composer and are q~alitles which make for effective Interior Subcommittee former radio program director for Arturo and influential service. Adam Skrzenta To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Toscanini and the NBC Orchestra. The possesses those qualities. In addition, timates for ·fiscal year 1981 for the other preriuere was "Ouanga,'' a· Haitian he possesses an amiable ·personality U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. opera written by Clarence Cameron White, which endears him as a friend to those 1224 Dirksen Building staged by James Lewis Casaday and per-· 1:30 p.m. formed by the H. T. Burleigh Music Associ­ with whom he works in Grant Town­ Appropriations ation with the ambassador from Haiti pres­ ship, as well as to those of us who Interior Subcommittee ent.· Gaska was also the first to perform serve ill public office, as a result of his To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Beethoven's 9th Symphony· in this area, industry and his confidence in us. timates for fiscal year 1981 ·for the giving two performances in Elkhart and at Recently, Adam Smenta and his Bureau of Mines. Bethel College. wife. Tillie celebrated their golden 1224 Dirksen Building In spite of this musicians' life, he has wedding anniversary-and I was privi­ found time for community imput. He gave a · leged to participate in that ceremony F'E:t;JRUARY 18 TV show over WSJV entitled "Relax and Listen" which included classical music with with them. Now, at the Annual Grant 2:00p.m. a different approach. Then there was "Gold Township Lincoln Day Dinner,. which Appropriations and Silver" over WTRC radio which includ­ I have the privilege of keynoting, a Labor-HEW Subcommittee ed "Music You Enjoy." He formed the special tribute will be paid to Adam To review those programs administered Gaska String Quartette 50 years ago; the Skrzenta upon his retirement as Re­ by the Department of Education. first to give concerts in this area. Later, the publican precinct committeeman and S-128, Capitol Moreau Quartette· was started whic~ per­ in recognition of his 52 years of politi­ Appropriations formed for five years in the newly-built cal party service. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary · Moreau Hall at Saint Mary's. Mr. Speaker, I draw this event to the and Related ,Agencies Subcommittee In 1945 he an.d Rocco Germano met with attention of my colleagues in this To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Joseph Fischoff and the Chamber Music So­ timates for fiscal year 1981 for the ciety was bom and remained active until House-particularly my Republican colleagues-who are striving with me Federal Communications Commission. 1979. The Gaska Quartette is still very S-146, Capitol active to date. He rema418 the only original for successful elections in 1980. I con­ 6:00p.m. member, still playing first violin. gratulate Adam Skrzent"a and extend Gaska was never too busy to help a stu­ Labor and Human Resources to Adam and his wife Tillie my good To hold hearings on the nominations of dent. He took one pupil to play for Fritz wishes for health and happmess for l{reisler. This pupil, Jon David Toth, is now Elizabeth, S. Carpenter, of Texas, to be a concert artist. He ha.S never been too busy many years to come.e . an Assistant Secr~tary of Education to play for seriior citizens group meetings or ; Carl W. Fischer, of to give free concerts around the pool at the Maryland, to be an Assistant Secre­ University of Notre Dame Library; or to tary of Education ; and John B. Gabusl, of Arizona, to brighten up nursing homes with music. .to be ~ AsslStant..Seeretary of Eduea· Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, tion . Friendship Commission. .1114 Dirksen Building a regulatory analysis before issuing S-146, Capitol regulations and to require the use of Energy and Natural Resources Appropriations less time-consuming procedures· to Business meeting, to consider proposed Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit­ decide cases. .authorizations for fiscal year 1981 for tee 3302 Dirksen Building the Department of Energy, and other To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Rules and Administration pending calendar businesss. . timates for fiscal year 1981 for the To hold hearings on resolutions request­ 3110 Dirksen Building Pennsylvania Avenue Development ing additional funds for Senate com· Governmental Affairs Corporation, National Capital Plan­ niittees. . ning Commission, and the Franklin To hold hearings on S. 2164 and 2165, Delano Roosevelt Memorial Commis· 301 Russell Building bills to protect the confidentiality of sion. Select on Intelligence certain exp~t information required by the Bureau of the Census for statisti­ 1224 Dirksen Building To hold a closed business meeting. Appropriations S-407, Capitol cal purposes. 3302 Dirksen Building Labor-HEW Sqbcommittee. 2:00p.m. To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Appropriations Judiciary To hold ·hearings on pending nomil\a- timates for fiscal }'ear 1981 for Higher Labor~HEW Sub.committee tions. · and Continuing Education, Education­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ 2228 Dirksen Building al Activities Overseas, Higher Educa­ timates for fiscal year 1981 for Emer­ tion Facilities Loan and InsuranCE'. gency School Aid, and Libraries and Labor and Human Resources Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ and College Housing Loans. Learning Resources. S-128, Capitol · S-128, Capitol mittee To hold hearings on. S. 1652, proposed Appropriations Technology Assessment Board Nutrition Labeling and Information State. Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Business meeting on pending Board Amendments of 1979 to the Federal and Related Agencies Subcommittee business. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. TG hold hearlngs. .on proposed budget e&· EF-100, Capitol 4232 Dirksen Building timates for fiscal year 1981 for the Small Business Administn.tion. FEBRUARY20 Rules and Administration - S-146, Capitol 9:00a.m. To continue hearings on resaluttollS re­ Comme'rce, Sclence, and Transportation questing additional funds for Senate Banking", Bousing,~d Urban A;ffairs Surface Transportation Subcommittee committees. · Consumer Affairs Sllbcommit.tee To hold · hearings on S.J. Res. 139, S. 301 Russell Building To resume hearings on S. 1928, proposed 2246, and 2253, bills to provide addi­ 2:00p.m. Fair Financial Information Practices tional financi8.I assistance to provide Appropriations Act, and S. 1929, proposed Privacy of for the continuation of rail service by Labor-HEW Subconlmittee Electronic Fund Transfers Act. the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ 5302 Dirksen Building Railroads. timates for ~isc8.1. year 1981 for Educa­ Commerce. Science, and Transportation 45'l Russell Building tion for the Handicapped, Rehabtlita­ ·. To hold hearings on S. 2245, proposed 9:30a.m. tion Services and Handicapped Re- · Motor Carrier Reform Act. · Commerce, Science, and Transportation search, and .Special Institutions. 235 Russell Building Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ S-128, Capitol Governmental Affairs mittee To continue hearingS on S. 2164 and To hold hearings on S. 2238, authorizing FEBRUARY21 2165, bills to protect the confidential· additional funds for fiscal year 1980, 8:30a.m. ity of certain export information re-· and S. 2240, authorizing funds for Energy and Natural Resources guired by the Bureau of the ·census fiscal year 1981, both for research and To resume ·closed· hearings to assess the for statistical purposes. development programs of the.National political, military, economic, and social Aeronautics and Space Administra­ factors affecting world oil production 3302 Dirksen Building- tion. and consumption over the next 2:1>0p.m. 235 Russell Building . decade. Appropriations Judiciary S-407, Capitol Labor-HEW Subcommittee Improven1ents in Judicial Machinery Sub­ 9:00a.m. To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ committee Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry timates for ftSeal year 1981 for special To hold hearings ot;t S. 739 and 1472; Agricultural Research and General Legis­ projects of the Department .of Educa­ bills to require that certain cases witJ;l lation :Subcommittee tion. the Federal Government are brought T.e hold oversi~t hearings 011 the activi­ S-128, Capitol in the court of the ~trict where the ties 0f . youth; and S. 1312. proposed Work mittee 4200 Dirksen Building and Training Opportunities Act. . To continue hearings on S. 1934, pro­ 10:00 a.m. 11232 Dirksen Building posed Municipal Soiid Waste to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a.m. Energy Act. To resume hearings on proposed legisla­ Appropriations 3110 Dirksen Building tion to renew the Home Mortgage Dis­ Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit­ · Labor and Human Resources closure Act. tee Education, Arts, and the Humanities Sub­ 5302 Dirksen Building To hold· hearings on proposed.budget es­ committee 2:00p.m. timates for · fisca:l year, 198'1 for the Business tneetin$. to continue considera­ Appropriations Office of Surface Mining Reclamation tion of S. 1839, authorizing funds Labor-HEW Subcommittee and Enforcement. through fiscal year 1985 for programs To review those programs administered 1223 Dirksen Building under the Higher Education Act. by the Department of Labor. Appropriatlons 4232 Dirksen Building S-128, Capito\ Labor-HEW Subcommittee Select on Indian Affairs To ho1d heartnp on p.ropose4 budget es­ To hold hearings on S. 2223, to allow MARCH4 tlmates for fiscal year ·1991- ·for the members of Indian tribes to transfer Labor-Management SerVices Adminis­ restricted Indian lands- to heirs who 8:00a.m. tration. Pension Benefit Guaranty are not members of the reservation Veterans• Affairs Corporation. Occupational Safety and ·where the land is located. · To resume hearings on the Federal Gov­ Health Administratio~ and the Mine · 457 ~ussell Building ernment's' efforts to assist Vietnam-era Safety and Health Administration. 2:00p.m. veterans· in Teadjustilig to ·society· and 1114 Dirksen Building Appropriations ' fiildln~ employment and·education op. Banking. Housing, and Urban Affairs Labor-HEW Subcommittee portunities. Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ 412 Rus5ell Building To continue hearings on .proposed legis­ tltnates for fiscal year 1981 for the Na­ 10:00 a.m. lation authorizing . funds through tional Commission on Libraries and Appropriations fiscal year 1985 for the urban mass Information Services, Corporation for Foreign Operations Subcommittee transpo$tion program. Public Broadcasting, Occupational To hold hearmgs on proposed budget es­ 5302 Dirksen Building Safety and Health Review · Commis­ timates for fiscal year 1981 for certain Commerce, Science, and Transportation sion, Mine Safety Review Commission, programs adminiStered by the Depart­ Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ and the Soldiers' and Airmen's Home. . ment of State. mittee S-128. Capitol 1318 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 2248. authorizing Appropriations funds for fiscal year 1981 for the U.S. Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit-. Travel Service. FEBRUARY29 tee · 235 Russell Building 9:30a.m. To hold hearings on proposed :budget es­ Energy and ~atural Resources Commerce. Science, and Transportation tbnates for fiscal year . 1981 for the Business meeting, to continue considera. Science, Technology. and. Space Subcom­ Indian Health Service. tion of proposed autt)nriza.tions for mittee 1223 Dirksen Building fiscal year 1981 for tbe De,partment of February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2647 Energy, and other pending calendar. Act, and S. 1929, prop.osed Privacy ..of To resume hearings on S. 2144,· proposed business. Electronic Fund Transfer Act. Health Professions Educational Assist· 3110 Dirksen BuDding 5302 Dirksen Building ance and Nurse Training Act. 2:00p.m. 2:00p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building Appropriation,s . Appropriations 10:00 a.m. Labor-HEW Subcommittee State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Appropriations To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ · and Related Ag~ncies Subcommittee Interior and Related Agencies Subconuntt- timates for fiscal year 1981 for the To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ tee · Employment Standards Administra· timates for fiscal year 1981 for general To hold hearings on proposed budget es- - · tion, Bureau of Labor Statistics, md administration and legal activities of timates foi' fiscal year 1981 for the. President's Committee on Employ­ the Department of Justice. Office of Indian Education, and the ment of Handicapped. 5-146, Capitol Institute of Museum Services. 1114 Dirksen Building 1223 Dirksen Building MARCH 11 Appropriations MARCH6. State, Justice, Co~erce, the Judiciary 10:00 a.m. and Related Agencies Subcommittee _ ·9:00a.m. Appropriations To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Labor and Human Resources Interior and Related Agencies Subcomnrlt· timates for fiscal year 1981 for the Employment~ Poverty, and Migratory tee Drug Enforcement Administration, Labor Subcommittee To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Department of Justice. To continue hearings . on S. 131.2, pro­ -timates for fiscal year 1981 for certain 5-146, Capitol posed Work and Training Opportuni· p:rograms administered by the Secre­ ties Act. · tary of Energy. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 4232, Dirksen Building 1114 Dirksen Btillding Business meeting, to consider those mat­ 9:30a.m. Appropriations ters and programs which fall Within Veterans' Affairs . State,· Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary the committee's Jurisdiction with a Business meeting, to consider those and Related Agencies Subcommittee view to submitting its views and budg­ items 1n the President's budget for To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ etary recommendations to the Com· fiscal year 1981 which fall within its timates for fiscal year 1981 for the mittee on the Budget by March 15. legislative jurisdiction and to consider 5302 Dirksen Building recommendations which it will .make Federal Bureau of Investigation, De· thereon to the Budget Committee by partment of Justice Governmental Affairs .March 15. S-146, CapitOl Energy, Nuclear Prolif-eration, and Feder· 412 Russell BuUdtDg Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs al Services Subcommittee 10:00 a.in. Consumer Affairs Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 1699, pro­ Appropriations To continue hearings on S. 1928, pro­ posed Eriergy Impact Assistance Act. Foreign Ope~tions SubCommittee posed Fair, Financial Information 3302 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ Practices Act, and S. 1929, proposed 2:00 p.~. timates for fiscal year 1981 for certain Privacy of Electronic Funmerit;-the international recommendations for fiscal year' 1981 Act. from AMVETS, Paralyzed Veterans, 5302 Dirksen Building narcotiCs control program of the De-· partment of State; and /for the Inter- Blinded Veterans, W.W.I. Veterans, and M111tary Order. of the Purple MARCH19 American Foundation. . · 1318 Dirksen Building Heart. 9:30a.m. Appropriations 1202 Dirksen Building · Commerce, Science, and Transportation Interior and Relate.d Agencies Subcommit­ 10:00 a.m. Science, Technology, an~ Space Subcom­ tee Appropriatioi)S mittee To hold hearings on proposed budget ..es­ Interior and Related Agencies Subcommit­ To hold hearings on proposed legislation timates for fiscal year 1981 for certain tee authorizing. funds for -fiscal year ·. 1981 programs of the 'Department of To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ for programs under the National Cli­ Energy. timates .for fiscal year· 1981 for the mate Program Act. 122a Dirksen Building Smithsonian InstitutiQn. 235 Russell Building 1223 Dirksen ~uilding 10:80 a.m. Appropriations Approprtations Appropriations State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary, State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary, interior and Related Agencies Subcommit- and Related Agencies Subcommittee and Related Agencies Subcommittee ·tee · To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ timates for fiscal year 1981 for the To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ To hold hearings .on proposed budget es­ timates for fiscal year 1981 for the timates for fiscal year 1981 for tl;le Economic Development Administra­ tion, and Regional Planning -Commis­ Patent and Trademark Office, Nation­ Bureau of Indian Affairs. · . _ al Telecommunications and Inform~ 1224 Dirksen Building- sion, Department of Commerce. tion Administration, and science and · 5-146, Capitol technical research, Department of · MARCH20 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce. - Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee 9:00a.m. 8-146, Capitol To hold hearings on PJ;'oposed legislation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Veterans• Affairs authorizing funds for fiscal year 1981 Business meeting, to consider S. 1188, to Consumer Affairs Subcommit~~ for housing, communitY development To resume hearihgs on S. 1928, proposed revise the vocational rehabllitation programs and the Urban Development programs admJnlstered by· the Veter­ Fair Financial Information Practices_ Action Grant .of the Department of Act, and 1929, proposed Privacy of ans• Administration. Housing and Urban Development. s. 412 Russell Building Electronic Fund Transfers Act. . 530.2 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building February 11, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2649 MAY1 2:00p.m. 10:00 a.m. Appropriations Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a.tn. State, Justice, O>mmerce, the· Judiciary Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee Labor and Human Resources and Related Agencies Subcommittee To continue hearings on. proposed legis­ Child and Human Development Subcom­ To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ lation authorizing funds for fiscal year mittee timates for fiscal year· 1981 for the ·1981 for housing, community develop­ To hold· hearings on issues Congress Maritime Administration, Department Jnent programs, and the Urban Devel­ might consider which would affect of Commerce. opment Actio!) Grant of the Depart­ youth in the coming decades. S-146, Capitol ment of Housing and Urban Develop- 4232 Dirksen Building ment. 5302 Dirksen Building MARCH28 MAY22 10:00 a.pt. APRIL15 9:30a.m. Banking,-Housing, and Urban Affairs Labor and Human Resources Consumer Affairs Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. Child and Hum~ · Development Subcom­ To continue hearings on s. 1~28, pro­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs mittee posed Fair Financial Information International Finance Subcommittee To hold oversight hearings to examine Practices Act, · and S. 1929, proposed To hold hearings on proposed authoriza­ issues affecting infant mortality, and Privacy of Electronic Fund Transfers tions for fiscal ye~ 19~1 for the inter­ preventable birth defects. ,t\ct. · · national affairs programs .of the De­ 4232 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building partment of the Treasury; and on pro­ posed legislation to increase the U.S. MAY29 MARCH31 quota_ln the International Monetary Fund. 9:30a.m. 2:j)O p.m. 5302 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs Appropriations To hold 'hearings ,on proposed legislation State, Justice, Commerce, the . Judiciary to establish a cost-of-liv-ing increase­ · and Related Agencies Subcommittee APRIL 16 for service-connected disabillty. com­ To hold hearings on proposea budget es­ 9:30a.m. pensalion. timates for fiscal year 1981 for the De­ Veterans' Affairs 412 'Russell Building partment of Commerce. Business meeting, to consider proposed 8-_146, Capito1 legislation on the .recruitment and re­ tention of qualified health-care profes- · JUNE 11 APRIL 1 sionals to staff the Veterans' Adminis­ 9:30a.m. tration health-care facilities, S. 759, to •veterans' Affairs 10:00 a.m. provide for the right of the United To 'hold oversight_hearings on the actiVi­ Appropriations· ties of the Inspector General of the Foreign Operations Subcommittee States to recover their costs of hospi­ tal nursing home of outpatient medi­ Veterans' Administration. - To hold hearings on proposed budget es­ · 412 Russell Building timates for fiscal year 1981 for foreign cal care furnished by the ·Veterans' assistance·programs. Administration to veterans for non­ 1318 Dirksen Building service-connected disabUities to the ,CANCELLATIONS Appropriations extent . that they have health insur­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary ance or simllar coptracts, and 8. 1523 FEBRUARY 13 and Related Agencies Subcommittee and H.R. 4015, proposed Veterans. 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed Senior Citizen Health Care Act. . Energy and Natural Resources · budget estimates for fiscal year 1981 412 Russell Building To resume hearings to r,eview those for the Department of Coinmel"ce. 10:00 a.m. items in the President~ budget for ·s-146, C~pitol Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs fiscal year 1981 which fall within its Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs . International Fin8nce SubconunJ,ttee legislative juriscliction and -consider Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee To continue hearings on propc)sed au­ recommendations which -it will make To resume hearings_ on proposed legisla­ thorizations for fiscal year -1981 for the11eon to the Budget Committee, to the international affall11 programs of hear officials from the Department of tion authorizing fun~ for fiscal year 1981 for housin(. community develop­ the Department of the Treasury; and the Interior-. ment programs and the Urban Devel: on proposecl-legislation to increase the 3110 Dirksen Building opment Action Grant of the Depart_­ U.S. quota in the International Mone- . taryFund. . FEBRUARY14 ment of Hou5ing and Urban Develop­ 5302 Dirksen BuiJding ment. 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources APRIL17 .To ·hold hearings on the nominations of APRIL2 9:30a.m. -Elizabeth S. Carpenter, of Texas, to be an . Assistant · Secretary of Education 9:30a.m. *Labor and Human Resources Child and Human Development Subcom- ; Carl W. Fischer, of Veterans' Affairs Maryland, to be an Assistant Secre­ To resume hearings on the Federal Gov­ mittee . · · To hold oversight healings on ~he devel­ tary of· Education . disabled veterans. ment ill adoptive homes. . t12 Russell Building 4232 Dir~en Building 42~2 Dirksen Building