Advocating a Need for Suitable Breeding Approaches to Boost Integrated Pest Management: a European Perspective

Home , Plant breeding

Advocating a need for suitable breeding approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective Jay Ram Lamichhane, Edward Arseniuk, Piet Boonekamp, Jerzy Czembor, Véronique Decroocq, Jerome Enjalbert, Maria R Finckh, Malgorzata Korbin, Mati Koppel, Per Kudsk, et al.

To cite this version:

Jay Ram Lamichhane, Edward Arseniuk, Piet Boonekamp, Jerzy Czembor, Véronique Decroocq, et al.. Advocating a need for suitable breeding approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A Eu- ropean perspective. Pest Management Science, Wiley, 2018, 74 (6), pp.1219-1227. 10.1002/ps.4818. hal-02624556

HAL Id: hal-02624556 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02624556 Submitted on 26 May 2020

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., Accepted Article *Corresponding authorE-mail: Droevendaalsesteeg 1, AA 6700

Saclay, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France France Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, Saclay, d’Ornon, France 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 1 rp pce/aite. hs rvns hm rm einn more designing from them prevents This species/varieties. crop Currently, Europeanfarmers do not have access to a sufficientAbstract 37 +33(0)5 61 28 55 52 28 Fax: 61 50; (0)5 Tel: +33 13 12 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland of Potato Genetics Parental and 870 Błonie, Poland 870 Kassel. Norbahnhofstr. 1 a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany Witzenhausen, 1 a,D-37213 Kassel. Norbahnhofstr. Jay RamLamichhane Jay 3 Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Researc Ca UMR AGIR,INRA,31326 Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Forsoegsvej 1,42 Estonian CropResearch Institute Research InstituteofHorticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Agricultu Organic of Faculty Protection, Plant ecological Group AgroParisTech CNRS, Paris-Sud, Univ INRA, Moulon, Le – GQE UMR CS200 Virologie, de Equipe Bordeaux, de INRA-Université BFP UMR aeign nvriy Research & University Wageningen Decroocq

Eco-Innov Unit,INRA, Research 7 BreedingandAccl Plant Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Wl ResearchCereal Non-Profit Ltd,Szeged, Hungary Kudsk article as doi: 10.1002/ differencesbetween version lead to this may been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination andproofreading process, which This article hasbeen accepted for publication andundergone full peer review but has not Advocating a need for suitable breedingAdvocating aneed for suitable 9 , Akos Mesterhazy , 4 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 , Jérome Enjalbert , Jérome Comment citer cedocument: This article isprotectedby copyright. Allrights reserved.

1* , EdwardArseniuk Management:Euro A ps.4818 imatization Institut 10 stanet-Tolosan, France , Danuta Sosnowska , Danuta

5 , MariaR.Finckh [email protected] Lines, Platanowa 19, 05-831 Mło 05-831 19, Platanowa Lines, Wageningen, The Netherlands Netherlands The Wageningen, , J. Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva, , J.Aamisepa1,48309 8850 Thiverval-Grignon, France France Thiverval-Grignon, 8850 Messéan ete Boneatos n Pl and Biointeractions centre, 2 , PietBoonekamp

e –NationalResearc

pean perspective pean perspective approaches to boost Integrated Pest Integrated to boost approaches and the Versionof Record. Please cite this 6 13 , Małgorzata Korbin, Małgorzata 11

, EwaZimnoch-Guzowska 3 , JerzyCzembor adyslawa Wegorka Street. ral Sciences, University of University ral Sciences, h h Institute, Radzikow, 05- Estonia number and diversity of diversity and number chów, Poland h Institute,h Department 00 Slagelse,Denmark 7 32, 33883 Villenave Villenave 33883 32, , Mati Koppel eiin cropping resilient , Université Paris- Université , 2 12 n Health, ant , Veronique , Antoine 8 , Per , Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. participatory plantbreeding, seed legislation, sustainable agr Keywords: systems”. expressed during an EU workshop entitled “Breeding for IPM in s surveyquestionnaire a of outcomes key the presents paper this those targetingsustainable agricultural th systems. Byputting breedi future for implications practical and legal has paradigm ultimate goal of– through the development of cultivars with tolerance or resist reducing reliance adaptation. Management Pest Integrated for “breeding here called paradigm, local showing varieties resilient on more conventional on focus ii) pesticides.development of new or minor crop varieties to foster diversity of: consist should breeding plant context, this In landscapes. (pathogens,is diversification Crop stresses. biotic and abiotic to systems animal pests and weeds) pressures at all spatial le rp iesfcto, eetaiain DS fo scrt, min security, food DUS, decentralization, diversification, Crop 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument:

iculture iculture a key lever to reduce pest pest reduce to lever key a ese issues intoese the context, ance to key pests – with an i)increased efforts in the of cropping systems, and and systems, cropping of as well as experts’ views experts’ as well as ng programs, including At the same time, this this time, same the At (IPM)”, may boost IPM boost may (IPM)”, ustainable agricultural agricultural ustainable hs e breeding new This vels from fields to to fields from vels r crops, or Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. towards conventionaltowards agriculture breedin plant private Currently, defined for is aneed there and biological control, andstrives and rotations especially practices, agronomic with combination epidemic, treatments chemical and prevention) as control), as (pre-epidemic, varieties IPM focuses mainlydurable pest management. Unlike conventional crop protection th on the approach deployment important an represents IPM measures, non-chemical of of and physical) and chemical (as the last resort) measures. resort) last the (as chemical and physical) and p r o t e c t i o n s t r ad t i e s g e i a e s s e , si a n n c d lin (pest w pests crop u of e management deffective For e i d n s g ) n , o I n n - t c e h g e r m a i t c e a d l P ( b e i s o t l M o a g n i a c g a e l m , e c n u t l ( t I P M ) c o m b i n e s by resisting biotic and abiotic damage and recovering quickly) recovering and damage abiotic and biotic resisting by populations), a focus on crop resilience (i. e. capacity of cro attacks pest prevent to plants of capacity (i.e. resistance to in climatic variation and often rapid adaptation of pest popula o needs the fulfil to able be not may crops uniform genetically l specific each for varieties uniform genetically usually, and, level. Under the current legislation, this approach implies a n suitab conditions is of paramount importance crops for IPM to keep the use Breeding o IPM. in role important an play varieties) As a preventive measure, plant genetic resources (resistant, pa 1.

Introduction 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: to avoid theneed for chemical traits of resilienceforbreedi

. This is not consistent with t not consistent with is . This porm ae aktdie an market-driven are programs g sensu lato 1,2 and/or reduce their associated ps to respond to a disturbance which includesanimal pests, ng. Byprioritizing the adoption measures. tions. Therefore, in addition eed for breeding individual breeding for eed rtially-resistant or tolerant he societaldemand weare f IPM because of increases of because IPM f 3 cl odto. However, condition. ocal rl gntc mechanical genetic, ural, f pesticides at a minimum is a prerequisite for IPM enhancement of natural of enhancement at emphasizes resistant utvr eitne in resistance cultivar le for specific local local specific for le drn o post- or (during o utial and sustainable to msl targeted mostly d all available crop crop available all Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. IPM in sustainable agricultural systems‘. The workshop was held was workshop The systems‘. agricultural sustainable in IPM agriculture of diversification sustainability.ensure to and environments the for calls which today facing "C-IPM; organized"C-IPM; atwoandhalfhttp://c-ipm.org/) day worksho in Management Pest Integrated of Network Area Research European of importance the account into Taking improvements/adaptations. programsthe same farm) in order to boost IPM. In addition, it is not cl spe crop different mix that practices agricultural for breed to culti and environments different for programs breeding distinct arediffer each other compatible far organic compatible for bred varieties While with farming. breeding organic for foraimed IPM, it may notbe the opposite si with IPM measures or if they need furth view of the view ofthe current literature. expressed during the workshop on the issues described above and Radzi outcomes of a questionnaire survey implemented Institute, pre-workshop as b partly Acclimatization is and paper This Breeding (http://ihar.edu.pl/C-IPM_workshop.php). Plant the at 2016 crops. practi cultivation complementary genes genes breeding programs do not fulfil the needs of IPM and that besid 2.

6 sensu stricto This means that varieties chosen for IPM may or may not be div be not may or may IPM for chosen varieties that means This IPM thequesti analysisof and Design 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 (Box 1) Comment citer cedocument: pat reig ed t cnie ohr gooi tat such traits agronomic other consider to needs breeding plant , . This raises questions about whether plant breeders must adopt

e ad iesfcto strateg diversification and ces 4,5

There are increasing concerns that current that concerns increasing are There onnaire survey on breeding for ear if conventional breedingconventional if ear cies in the same or/and plot vation practices (e.g. how es focusingon resistance p entitled ‘Breeding for fromthe 4 nce these two systems two these nce ies within and among among and within ies reports the results in well as experts’ views to fit contrasting it n h major the on uilt ig r partially are ming Europe(ERA-NET this topic, the erse than those those than erse ków, Poland Poland ków, th to6 th July as er

uky Te eiins ee cho were recipients The Turkey. c ases n poie te op the provided and answers ice (Table 1;Supplementary material S1) s sent out to 46 people from from people 46 to out sent s for the development of new dback was requested only requested was dback how we can promote IPM workshop. The goal was goal The workshop. ral advisors — met and met — advisors ral tionnaire was to collect collect to was tionnaire wy Pln, Portugal, Poland, rway, nglish questionnaire included included questionnaire Europe, to learn about learn to Europe, ng R&D programs on tss governmental ntists, a, France, Germany, erts involved in the te questionnaire, the f sen based on their their on based sen weeks before the portunity for the the for portunity (Table 1) swers to the the to swers d breeding ed . . Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. rai bedn a bedn fr IPM for breeding as breeding organic the of 36% only contrast, In 5). question in 87% and 1 question breedin in considered be to need traits and practices agronomic wh a as resp most system phrased, was question the how on Dependingagronomy). cropping the considers latter the whereas attack gene crop individual on focusing former the r IPM”; for sustainable “breeding for “breeding between respondents among confusion IPM for breeding of part was (59%) agr other with strategies breeding combining/adapting and (69%) for breeding breeding that agreed what respondents to regard in respondents, the among consensus answers selectable the Among 1. Table in presented is responses Overall, we received 39 answers from 16 European countries. A s respondents respondents given bythe ratio between theinexpressed were dataanswers, multiple with question number each For of responses obtained and described above. t aimed workshop the during held discussions Plenary materials. (Supplementary material S1) (Supplementary material the increasing trend toward breeding for sustainable, and/or or DIVERSIFOOD, Breed4Future,Some MULTIRES recent and EMPHASIS) transnational or o IPM for for breeding with familiar polled not experts were in Europe cle projects (i.e. ABSTRESS, BIOEXPLOIT, 2.3. Data analysis results2.3. and (Table 1) 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: .

. A number of initiatives at national levels — in France, in — levels national at initiatives of number A . agtn ssanbe et and pest sustainable targeting (Table 1) (Table 1) . This suggests that there was ageneral . This could be because the European rganic farmingsystems. ganic agricultural systems respondentsconsidered ummary of the analyzed percentage, which was was which percentage, there was no overall no was there is o obt biotic combat to tics ades h issues the address o the number of total total of number the ondents agreed that that agreed ondents fr P (9 in (49% IPM for g ies resistance disease SOLIBAM, COBRA, COBRA, SOLIBAM, onomic practices practices onomic l (eeis + (genetics ole arly emphasize arly ssac” and esistance” IPM is. Most Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. better for breeding r higher i) and/or durability context: intrinsic (i.e. IPM resistance/tolerance wider a into technologies breeding Three strategies of crop diversification speci a and crops, minor conditions, were site-specific and regional advocatedbreeding by forIPM most at the Europeanof the analysis of the survey, it appears level, that several factors nee the including respondents development o to i focusing on “super” resistance to only a few diseases/pests diseases/pests few a only to resistance “super” on focusing diseases important all to resistance of level reasonable a have bre and plants/environments/pathogens; between interactions the programs breeding practical into pests for unfavorable are that allelopathic to weeds; integration and of available biochemical, ph pests animal to repellent or attractive less plants making reli the reduce to pathogens seed-borne vari and soil- to resistance of development were: IPM for important as named explicitly resistance disease on priority a as well as respondents most by technologies breeding existing integrate to means a as selected a agronomic of combination The ). intercropping (i.e. practices disease local with biological control) and intra-/inter-specific mixtures or effects, terroir (i.e. adaptation local including species); Brassica many including activity allelopathic having IPM promote can which systems for breeding in interest is there that highlight — Switzerland Po Poland, Lithuania, Italy, Ireland, Hungary, Greece, Germany, R gene deployment), ii) breeding for resistance in minor crops (e crops minor in resistance for breeding ii) deployment), gene 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: (Table 1; Supplementary material S1) material (Table 1;Supplementary

(see question 3; (see question Suppl pressures, positive interactions ementary materialS1) d to be considered to promote al focus on the enhancement ysiological and genetic traits other alternative cultivation (Supplementary material ; a better understanding of . and iii) breeding for IPM for breeding iii) and ance on seed treatments; seed on ance context IPM wider a into breeding (87%). Factors esistance variability for for variability esistance nd resistance traits was traits resistance nd and pests rather than o-nu agricultural low-input f varieties for specific specific for varieties f more competitive or or competitive more rtugal, Norway and and Norway rtugal, dn vreis that varieties eding te wt higher with eties tgae existing ntegrate durabilityof specially those specially . From From . Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. agronomic lever for IPM, followed by intercropping and intraspe S1) (Supplementary material t diversity-associated other several and resilience microbiome, in diversity, for breeding as such goals breeding specific very in however, Importantly, respectively. mixtures, intraspecific o intercropping on be should focus the that thought respondents 3 Only regions). geographical other from arrive they as regions in humid regionsdiffer from one region to another due to local conditions (e.g. while exotic insect pests could be priority pr important priority important resi disease for breeding that is survey the from trend clear A rusts. decade — particularly the breakdown of major diseases/pe important to i n level c r resistance e a low s relatively i n g a lhave y c o n c e r n e d b y ' s u p e r r e s i s t a n c e ' d u e t o i s s u e s e n c o extent, most IPM leverages sy are not still considered as breeding farming all in pests and diseases to resistance genetic host (Table 2) stat implementation programs of current different discussedIPM tools in experts conventional, European organic of and lo group di subsequent and sessions plenary the of outcomes the on Based S1) 3. Recommendations to boost IPM through breeding IPMthroughbreeding boost 3. Recommendations to . Currently, the list ofrecommended varieties does not usually . In particular, itwas highlighted thatwhile breeding hasstr 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: (Table 1) . However, targets of breeding for IPM R&D programs may

Co rtto ws osdrd s h ms important most the as considered was rotation Crop . R gene resistance, for gene resistance, example, with wheat stems, although to a different diseases are more important target in none of the three stance shouldbe themost the freely written replies, written freely the w-input farming systems farming w-input cific diversity consider varieties that consider erto o te plant the of tegration scussions, the working the scussions, f multiple species and and species multiple f unteredover the last at wr suggested were raits oblems along coastal coastal along oblems 1% and 28% of the t. rwr are Growers sts. ongly focused on on focused ongly s n breeding in us (Table 1) .

alized across breeding stations stability) evaluation criteria evaluation stability) The working group also provided the following following the provided also group working The e vlae i mlilcl exp multi-local in evaluated re 5,7 The VCU warrants that a registered r IPM systems: plant varieties must meet the so-called DUS . 4,5 ir characteristics. The DUS The characteristics. ir y, or disease resistance. In resistance. disease or y, which are often in the best best the in often are which w variety should be fixed fixed be should variety w clude standards known as known standards clude These standards warrant within fields, as they are they as fields, within ion has really new and new really has ion help boost IPM. Testing in different different in Testing be multiplied and and multiplied be ations for variety variety for ations e ol atr its after only zed efrac and performance r n tse in tested and or ac (.. early (e.g. tance s xs) This exist). ms rmns using eriments Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. development). mandatory in the EU the in mandatory ihnco dvriy Ti cn e civd hog vrey mix variety through varieties, and intercropping. achieved be can This diversity. within-crop cer a require adaptability and Resilience etc. input, N reduced stre abiotic and biotic combined r e s IPM, i s with t fit a To n c conditions. e local t o to r adaptable e easily d u are cthat e t h e n e e d f o r p e s t i c i d e s , p l a n t v a r i e t i e s m highly helpfulforhighly IPM purposes. epi and ecological different to variety given a of adaptability be screened for their suitability for IPM-based production syst changes. Until these new varieties are available,however, existing vari for breeding in uniformity genetic and resistance for breeding p its for bred not were varieties those if IPM promote not does ntal be fr ovninl systems. conventional for bred initially Indeed, th over to adapted varieties 95% of deprived of often are varieties systems IPM adopt used today, includingConseque post-DUS. registration their following varieties among those in or of varieties commercially available to farmers, and the lack of cultivation practices practices cultivation breeding programs breeding Decentralize 3.2. the variety selectio

this ismore thancomplex just registering more varieties and 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 8 The main bottlenecks in cropping system diversification are th are diversification system cropping in bottlenecks main The Comment citer cedocument: 2 , it is important that farmers have access to adequate plant va access to , have adequate that it farmers is important

to testforresilience incontrasting environments or 10 Thus, just increasing the number of varieties on the market market the on varieties of number the increasing just Thus,

11 11 sses, and be more adaptable to and bemore sses, 9 Because the adoption of IPM principles is n process based on participatory plant plant participatory on based n process genetic diversity within and eties on the market should market the on eties ems. In particular, a higher demiological conditions is is conditions demiological urposes. The paradigm of paradigm The urposes. changesin pest pressure, s b mr rslet to resilient more be ust besides good levels of ganic agriculture, were were agriculture, ganic an ee o functional of level tain ntly, farmers willing to willing farmers ntly, IPM must be changed; changed; be must IPM eir farming systems. systems. farming eir ue, diversified tures, will require legal legal require will e number number e rieties Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Local Local and specific cropping/envir for theirefforts. are breeders that ensure to ways alternative or identification for allow will that means of development the including changes For this to be legally and practically possible, there is a nee e evrnet T ades hs rbe, atcptr pat b plant participatory problem, strategies this address To environment. per can which fo than rather changes varieties environmental to as well as environments resilient more select to desirable be will pop pest and climate changing considering when long-term the in environm on-farm of representative be not may stations research favor selection in a targeted environment. as proposed been has process selection the of Decentralization h tre environments. target the suggested suggested for other forms of sustainable agricultural systems i w specific of combined evolution the for allow crosses, selection, and cultivation multiple on based populations Heterogeneous IPM-breeding. to breeding current d e g r e e .T a k i n ga decentralizi sto able be would they thus tand Europe across farms e p f u r t h e rb yi n csel many have Breeders lsystems. selection IPM-type on focus and u d i n g l o c a l f atheir change rwill they mvarieties IPM for emarket a see rbreeders s is w i regions l l specific f for varieties breeding companies, t breeding or covered realistically be not may micro-markets these While 10 have to be considered as it reduces differences between select between differences reduces it as considered be to have 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 5

Comment citer cedocument: 12,13 PPB considers both farmer’s specific knowledge about about knowledge specific farmer’s both considers PPB

onmental conditions create mic 12 However, decentralized selection on regional d for considerable legislative considerable for d ncluding organic breeding. organic ncluding dpain Ti hs been has This adaptation. adequately compensated compensated adequately present selection system selection present an important strategy to ro-markets for breeders. cltt te oe from move the acilitate ng selection to a certain a to selection ng ection sites and demo- cusing on one cultivar one on cusing ents and management ulations. Therefore, it Therefore, ulations. omn rcie If practice. common nqioa varietal unequivocal ree b private by argeted dp t different to adapt edn (PPB) reeding ion sites and sites ion ith on-farm on-farm ith 6

Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. n xlct ou o dsae aaeet hl icesn system increasing while management disease on focus explicit an associatedlivingmulch. The goalhere was to increase integrat to suitability for germplasm wheat screened which OSCAR project comp for effortspre-breedingexample of An developedyet. been prom to programs co-breeding specific no addition, In managemen harvest). crop to related difficulties technical to due farmers Although mixed cropping systems provide several benefits they a for specificfarmsorregions which cancontinue to evolve. he well-adapted to rather but varieties, fixed newly to leading innovat varietal of process sustainable a promotes PPB farmers. or grant particular a to tied project a than durability greater hlegs ht r nt rsn i cnetoa sses eg m (e.g. small conditions, environmental systems conventional in present not are that challenges pr to aim that systems agricultural Because farming. organic to has evolved recently in many countries, especially for the regi been poorly considered in the official varietal registration pr man and environments different for quality) and agronomic (both that fact the in lies breeding conventional of drawbacks major environmentall conditionsadaptedtoaretraits thatplant and genetic structure of varieties given that crop lines or hybrids or lines crop given that varieties of structure genetic we targets, breeding readjusting of requirement the to addition highlighted in a previous study, previous a in highlighted seed sector), itisessentialthat thataddress PPB strategies 3.3. Focus on breeding for crop diversification diversification crop breeding for on Focus 3.3. 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument:

6 a project with the involvement of farmers can have far market size resulting in a lack such issues are adopted. ocess. However, the situation are not necessarily the best stration of varieties adapted ion of living mulches, with mulches, ion ofliving the need for specific traits specific needfor the ocal situations. One of the of One situations. ocal of interest by the private terogeneous populations terogeneous f u n d i n g s o u r c e w i t h o u t omote IPM face different face IPM omote should think about the about think should re re not much adopted by ote these systems have systems these ote anion crops was the EU the was crops anion agement practices has practices agement ion, not necessarily sustainability. be grownwith an t (e.g. sowing and and sowing (e.g. t r heterogeneous ore 14 14 In As Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. system vulnerability and homogeneity resulting in yield stagnat yield in resulting homogeneity and vulnerability system modern agriculture. Genetic uniformity is one of the greatest h systems. This contributes to the homogeneity of agricultural pr agricultural of homogeneity the to contributes This systems. c of number the in reduction worldwide significant a to led has separation between livestock and arable production) sys that has oc agricultural of specialization geographic of level high The eae t hs rssac breakdown, resistance host to related many studieshave shown varietal mixtures to be anoption. genetic solution to maximize the productivity under mixed cropp monoculture practices. monoculture varieties, crop profitable most high-yielding on focused farmers result, a As forces. political to a shift in the global food supply chain, under the influence (rotation). landscape mixed-cropping, or (inter- space in systems cropping inc also should diversification Crop level. landscape the at or diversification canoccur at di Even for thosecrops that are widely grown and for whichbreedi choice of varieties that may be adapted to multiple cropping or fo as, practices beneficial certain hinders It diversification. varieties crop market-driven of range limited the Nevertheless, studies agric sustainable truly develop and challenges these address To have emphasized the need for greater diversity in agric pesticides. 10,26,27 1

74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818

Comment citer cedocument: 19 One consequence is the dominance of few genetic crop lines in lines crop genetic few of dominance the is consequence One fferent levels including thefar

which led to an increased adopt increased an to led which 21–23 and the development of pest resistance to ming thecooperative system, 5,10,16,17 r example, there is a lack of lude considerations for new new for considerations lude and, in theshort term,the of industrial, financial and and financial industrial, of rops available for cropping intercropping strategies. azards leading to cropping is a major obstacle to crop ion, oducts curred in decades recent ion of short rotations or or rotations short of ion tems (e.g. geographic

lue svrl recent several ulture, 20 n sses Indeed, systems. ing lnig ad time and planning) recurrent problems 18 ulture. g netet is investment ng thereby leading 9,24,25 Crop 18

Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. eety “reig bcm pr o te U giutrl policie agricultural EU the of part became (http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture “greening” Recently, niomna vrac ad eeal las o rae yed sta yield greater to leads environments. generally and diversit within-crop variance addition, environmental In solutions. low-cost offer may assessments in help to technology, information modern employing metho Participatory systems. breeding traditional within costly ehia o ognztoa invtos uh s reig e va innovative technical guidelines new breeding as such innovations organizational or c technical in set be could This diversification. crop on focus special a of components other considering by also and resistance) disease t at done be should This measures. IPM consider bree should programs extent what to assess to need a is there systems, t cropping adaptation their and crops of competitiveness the in breeding t Given pesticides. conventional on reliance the reduce and IPM con could areas’ focus‘ecological and grassland more systems, Although the objectives of ‘greening’ are not to promote IPM,dedicating m 5% of arable land to 'ecologically beneficial elemen climate. Currently they include: diversifying crops, maintainin the benefit that practices adopt to have payment area-based an budget payment direct countries' EU of 30% for account payments resistance. pest extent, lesser a yiel including performances, technologicalcharacteristics agronomic to meet requirementsof downstrea targeting mainly systems of needs the by driven still are criteria breeding significant, 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 10,29–33 Comment citer cedocument:

for low inputof pesticides, mi 28 /direct-support/greening/index_ Adaptation of varietiesto differentconditions can be ts' ('ecological focus areas'). nimized needfor irrigation, g permanent grassland and tribute to the adoption of ds involving farmers and ore diversified cropping diversified ore ovninl cropping conventional m supply chains, and, to and, chains, supply m miain ih other with ombination cropping systems with systems cropping s and farmers receiving nhm. re direct Green en.htm). environment and the the and environment and communication, communication, and e taei rl of role strategic he ig taeis and strategies ding mr diversified more o he plant level (e.g. ite aatd to adapted rieties bfes against buffers y bility across across bility d potential, potential, d s Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. be required. minor crops. To support such initiatives appropriate policies a overall ecological mino using processing); or feed for intended services products for (e.g. of the system; and encouragingrequiring less pesticides are needed. This means reducing obst acc ultimate and publ attractiveness economic the improving measures risks outweigh the potentialinvestment and the end-market requirements will have a massive return then thegrow that vital is It knowledge. and newstorage machinery, more to crop will not needs to be justified economically. Growing a greater number of obstacle l a for However, weeds. such against potentials allelopathic crops higher have to be adopted; cultivationfor potential have that crops for breeding be could aim Another (and thus br promising for IPM. at varieties of deployment ad and crops, minor of competitiveness on focused above-ground approaches Breeding intercropping, pruning). tree for guidelines crop diversification by mixing varieties or species or populati planted species/varieties; iii) integrate or develop knowledge b interaction optimal for look ii) stands; mixed in performance pur in performance replacing varieties of parameters assessment also raisepesticide conventional on reliance reduce to potential strong a major questionsdiversifi and/or crops) and livestock (i.e. farming mixed While and challenges for breeders includin 5

74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument:

versus eo-rud rpwe competition, crop-weed below-ground nd adapted regulations will will regulations adapted nd on on interactions plant-plant ed cropping systems have systems cropping ed etween two (or more) co- acles to growing mixtures crops may require access access require may crops s, such cropping systems push-pull effects or that ers see a return on their on return a see ers ic breeders to focus on eeding) of minor crops cos o mrv the improve to crops r the landscape level are are level landscape the be adopted. Therefore, adopted. be on breeding, and new influence on this. If the ow market size is an g how to: i) adapt adapt i) to: how g sad wt the with stands e pac o crops of eptance aptation to to aptation Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. from wild crop relativesor landracesinto moderncrops. cross assisted by markers is of special importance for the inco polygenic and monogenic for breeding traditional of efficiency molecular tools and in vitro culture. Marker-assisted selection e strongly have methods breeding the selection, genealogical or and universal plant characteristics adapted to the dominant cro paradig uniformity “the by dominated strongly still is Breeding farmer’s fields. real the reflect interactions plant assessed that so nurseries t adapt v) and combinations); 2 (variety) species X dimensiona 1 their (variety) with deal to order in methods, phenotyping and combination trait and ideotype plant design to helpful is which requirements of a resilient variety. These requirements may inc may requirements These variety. resilient a of requirements changing cli of face the In environment. pest agronomic target input high and populations,selected all are they as varieties, registered the in ideotypes variety a it within ideotype) is (and not genotype single i) likely of selection thatthat criteria VCU and aDUS the in singlerooted are institutes research plant As discusseddiversity that is difficult toassessphenotypically. above, verif and assess to mostto and identification unequivocal for used populations heterogeneous be also breeding can Markers programs. breeding programsaccelerate further to companiesbreeding most by integrated is of private seed comp 3.4. Adopt new3.4. breeding techniques in IPMbreeding programs 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 34,35

Comment citer cedocument:

5,36 Presently, genomic selection selection genomic Presently, has evidently improved the the improved evidently has for the same standardized rporation of characteristics pping systems. From mass mass From systems. pping traits. For example, back- example, For traits. lude: tolerance to limited limited to tolerance lude: m” seeking for dominant for seeking m” the genetic gains in their in gains genetic the lead respectively to the to respectively lead eoye a flil all fulfill can genotype conditions occurring in in occurring conditions ; iv) optimize screening optimize iv) ; volved, integrating now integrating volved, ensure maintenance of maintenance ensure ae hne n ever and change mate , and ii) very similar similar very ii) and , he spatial designsof lity (e.g. species ne o public or anies dvriy in diversity y Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. important role to reduce pest impacts. pest reduce to role important traitsCertain have a strong potential for IPM. For example, pl in two very contrastingpopulations exposed years.to variable environments over 5 years perfo to more constantdiversity of environments. Experiments on the effects of varyin environments on wheat composite cross populati breeding. various stresses (bothw associated assemblies species/cultivar account into abiotic takes and and biotic) may have co ofmult and development theconception (i.e., functional traits varied a strong and multiple of po selection the on relies that approach in variabilitydiffer many resistanceto and cold, or heat water, excessive or with increasing climatic variation. Therefore, a eald cenns sn, hr psil, oen ih throughp systems root for high e.g. — technology modern possible, where using, screenings Detailed bi to tolerance or resistance for approaches trait-based the of breeder breeding, trait-based physiologists and plant pathologists need to multiple work together in t of success the ensure To cropadaptation role for t as focus into more come will microorganisms) with association diversity are underway. are diversity wi phenotyping of combination the addressing projects first The microorganisms potential benefits thatcould be obtainedby the presence of va 35

74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 41 — are needed in addition to inaddition needed — are Comment citer cedocument: inagiven environment. 27 This type of selection requires research to be conducted in a in conducted be to research requires selection of type This 37–39

40 Traits that are difficult to assess (e.g. root systems, root (e.g. assess to difficult are that Traits but also simple laboratory techniques 42,43 However, standard breeding practiceslimit detailed field testing. testing. field detailed

ant architecture can play an esting the viability/validity ispecies/cultivar ideotype)ispecies/cultivar ent pests that will increase increase will that pests ent riablea given traitswithin g environments compared oticand abiotic stresses. rmed remarkably stable tential to promote IPM promote to tential ith plant adaptation to adaptation plant ith trait-based breeding breeding trait-based hey play an important an play hey h reig o crop for breeding th bntos f plant of mbinations ons indicate that that indicate ons , amr, crop farmers, s, t phenotyping ut 8 or associated Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. may contributemay weedcontrolto but also affect soil-borne disea systems to abiotic and biotic stresses. Besides adjustments in adjustments Besides stresses. biotic and abiotic to systems regiona for conditions adaptation and selection enable will This resulting programs. locati multi-field through in go to greater varietalapproaches have a key role to play to boost IPM uptake. Plant v diversity ca diversification through rotation, intercropping and mixed-cropp that populations and diversified innovative increase including varieties, neede is IPM for focus specific a However, farming. organic and f adopted approaches breeding from benefit may IPM for Breeding selection) remains animportant activity for crop improvement. improved crop varieties in recent decades and, overall, traditi cropping system), to maximize market success. Plant breeding ha t in performing genotype crop the of development (i.e. paradigm t under integrated been have technologies breeding all date, To diseases. certain reduce thus and diversity in architecture can reduce relative humidity sh in the c increase may contrast, in architectures, of mixture A weeds. goes against the need to managecompetitio reduce and efficiency, weedsuse light improve to programs as it also decreasescrop field and/or landscape. Overall, erect plant varieties are pref promoting IPM. IPM. promoting breedi trait-based of development the encourage to way the pave 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818

Comment citer cedocument:

n etn, cmo patc i practice common a testing, on 44 Below ground interactions of variable root systems root variable of interactions ground Below anopy due to better aeration erred by standard breeding breeding standard by erred onal breeding (e.g. crossing, ading of weeds. In addition, addition, In weeds. of ading ses. arieties bred for IPM have breeding methods, there there methods, breeding ing. Trait-based breeding n between plants, which which plants, between n resilience of cropping cropping of resilience mn lre breeding large many n d when breeding plant plant breeding when d s resulted in numerous in resulted s 45,46 he best and dominant and best he competitivenesswith n be used for crop crop for used be n ng approach thereby thereby approach ng or both conventional both or he same uniformity uniformity same he l and site-specific site-specific and l Suchresults could Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. 7th framework progr the under EU attend but provided feedback on the questionnaire. The ERA-Net a discussion, the to contribution valuable and active their for comments on the earlier version reviewer of anonymous thefour manuscript and Wegulo N. and Stephen all thank authorsparti The systems. farming breedi refocusing in help should programs, breeding in involved addressed here, made recommendations the Nevertheless, systems. im be alsoor covered willmentioned arenot that paper this in respondents to our questionnaire from nineteen countries, most a n d c o n s u mh these systems cropping managed e r s t o p r o vp i r a c d t i e c e t l a r h g e e l y m n e sprog ubreeding commercial tof part also r aoften areobjectives such a l f i z e e s a t h e n s e d conventio e f on s f reliance o reduce r e to t s and c . systems, H cropping u oadaptable w r e v e e r f , f o o rs o u s d t a . i W if o t c u h s o t n h l o e c a l l i l ya dOverall,breedingevokedIPM for hereinvolves a creatinggreater p t e d c r o p c u l t i v a r s .be adopted in practical future breeding programs. T h e s t a t e d a i m i s twill be aneed for legal o to DUS changes the paradigm ifsuchbr g Acknowledgements 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818

Comment citer cedocument:

amme (Grant agreement number 61 ave a much higher significance higher much a ave s wellas those who did not nable agriculture and IPM IPM and agriculture nable eeding approaches have toeeding approaches have portant for successful IPM successful for portant crop diversity, and more likely of components IPM nrt ssanbe and sustainable enerate cipants of the workshop workshop the of cipants rams, the market driven market the rams, C-IPM is funded by the by funded is C-IPM for breeders,farmersfor nal pesticides. While While pesticides. nal ng efforts for future to all stakeholders all to mited number of of number mited 8110). 8110). s for their useful their for s Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. 13. Sperling L, Ashby JA, Smith ME, Weltzien E, McGuire SA, Fra SA, participatory plantbreeding approaches andresults. McGuire E, Weltzien ME, Smith JA, Ashby L, Sperling 13. b demand driven research. plant Decentralized-participatory S, Grando S, Ceccarelli 12. BlightandControl Head Fusarium Deoxynivalenol. of o Level Resistance the and Types, Nozzle of Fungicides, of Role 11. Mesterházy Á, Tóth B, Varga M, Bartók T,, Szabó-Hevér Á, Fa MN: p.153-174 APS Press; (2015). Tamm L, editors.10. Plant Finckh Diseases MR, Wolfe and a MS, organic their for 175 Biodiversity breeding Management in selection assisted marker and enhancement. markers in Organic In:9. Lammerts Finckh M van Bueren ET, Backes conventional systems. farming G, de Vriend H,competitive Østergård H, 8. Bertholdsson3 NO, WeedonPlant O, Brumlop Breeding traits7. Dawson JC, Rivière P, Berthellot J-F, Mercier F, P Kochko de S, for Finckh Organic MR, Agricultural Evolutionar Areview. of ecology. help the with mu for invarieties of mixtures Designing SystemsE, Porcher A, Niboyet X, winter in Developed6. Barot S, Allard Co V, Cantarel A, Enjalbert J, Gauffreteau wheat A, G composite cross populations 4 of S aee P ecax , odigr ,Ha S Dev S, cereals for agriculture.organic Hoad I, Goldringer D, Desclaux JP, Baresel MS, Wolfe 14. breed andincreaseplants agrobiodiversity? t is What MR, Finckh B, Tappeser W, Reichenbecher S, Brumlop 5. (2008). 2. Barzman M, Bàrberi P, Birch ANE, Boonekamp P, Dachbrodt-Saay P, Boonekamp ANE, Birch P, Bàrberi M, Barzman 2. pesticides on conventional Towa A, Messéan P, Kudsk S, Dachbrodt-Saaydeh JR, Lamichhane 1. evrnet neatos o i arclue iesfcto a diversification agriculture fit view. of point to pluridisciplinary breeding: plant interactions participatory environment Chang C, Leclerc E, x Gozé Y, Chiffoleau JM, Nolot D, Desclaux 4. health. criterionof universal 3. Döring TF, Vieweger Pest Management. ofIntegrated Eight principles A, Pautasso M, Vaarst M, Finckh MR, Wolf :1206 (2011). (2011). :1206 :51–64 (2010). (2010). :51–64 References References 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: Euphytica inEuropean agriculture. J J Sci FoodAgric Eur JAgron Euphytica

Agron Sustain Dev

155 :349–60 (2007). (2007). :349–60 .163: 323 (2008). (2008). 323 .163:

Euphytica 95 :23–30 (2016). (2016). :23–30 : 455–465 (2015). (2015). : 455–465 Agron SustainDev Plant Dis 37 (2017). Euphytica Toxins

194 :53–66 (2013). (2013). :53–66 oldringer I, Lata J-C, Le Roux Le J-C, Lata I, oldringer

es in the concept of genotype 3

, Galic N 100 : 1453-1483 (2011). . rády L, Lehoczki-Krsjak S, Euphytica 122 f Wheat Varieties in the in Varieties Wheat f edn: n xml of example an reeding: ltifunctional agriculture agriculture ltifunctional :10–24 (2016).:10–24 lpet i breeding in elopments mework for analyzing

The role of molecular molecular of role The untries. e, MS, Resilience as a as Resilience MS, e, 35 rd a reducedreliance a rd griculture. R, van Bruggen AHC, Bruggen van R, he SMARTest way to way SMARTest he Agriculture. StPaul, :439–50 (2001). :439–50 deh S, Graf G Graf S, deh y changes of weed weed of changes y et al :1199–215 (2015). (2015). :1199–215 d decentralized nd in organic and and organic in

., Collaborative 163 Sustainability : 533-546 533-546 : Euphytica et al .,

Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. for a shift in crop production: embracing complexity through di through complexity embracing production: crop in shift a for stagnating in Europe? A data comprehensive analysis for France. 20. Brisson N, Gate P, Gouache (2016). France p.845–72 D, Charmet G,breeding.In: Bonjean AP, Angus Oury WJ, Van GinkelM, editors.agroecologi Worl an for F-X,need increasing The TF, HuardDöring MS, Wolfe 19. F, 29. Baresel JP, Backes G, Bülow L, Finckh MR, Frese L, Knapp S insustainable and low-input agriculturalIPM systems.Radzików implications for breeding. In: Lamichhane JR, Arseniuk E, Messé 28.Messéan A,Lamichhane JR, MenardJ-M, Roleof cropdiversif Food Agric 27. Ostergaard H, Finckh MR,Fontaine L, Goldringer I, Hoad SP, Phytopathology Werf der van J, Powell diversity on development ofepidemics: An evaluation and elabor GJT, Kessel WAH, Rossing P, Skelsey 26. Ann ApplBiol 25. Newton AC, Begg GS, Swanston JS Deployment of diversity for low for breeding Sci plant Evolutionary MS, Wolfe SL, Phillips 24. Boston, London: KluwerAcademic disease and populations pathogen in variation of Surveys JKM. Brown 23. control. In: (1989). Jones gen to relation KJ, DG, in resistance Fry editor. blast resistan of effectiveness prolong to deployment gene WE, of resistance Breakdown editors. S Kiyosawa The 22. EpidemiologyPlant Disease287 ofPlan 21. Epidemiology. Marshall DR, The advantages and (2010). 12 hazards of McGraw-Hill, genetic homogene N Sci NatlAcad Proc implicat the and supplies food global in homogeneity Increasing 18. Khoury CK, Bjorkman AD, Dempewolf H, Ramirez-Villegas J, Gu Cereals—Into Era. aNew Evolution MS, Wolfe K, Murphy G, Kovacs S, Knapp TF, Döring 17. Plants to optimize genetic diversity for sustainable farming systems o systems farming sustainable for diversity genetic optimize to o f s p e cLitr iM, Ghesquiere J-L, Durand P, Barre C, Violle e I, Prieto 16. s a n http://cordis.europa.eu/docs/results/289/289 d g e n e t i c Rotations from: d 2017]. [13June report-complete.pdf i in v e Applications r s Crop i t p..Available y Subsidiary o n Optimizing p r OSCAR. o d u15. c t i v i t y a n d s t a b i l i t y 143 :1–20 (1977). :1–20 . :245–254 (2005). :245–254 30 :15033 (2015). :15033

89 154 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 :1439–45 (2009). (2009). :1439–45 95 :309–22 (2009). (2009). :309–22

:328–38 (2005). :328–38 111 Comment citer cedocument: :4001–4006 (2014). (2014). :4001–4006 Sustainability

Publishers p. 73–102 (1998).

3 :1944 (2011). (2011). :1944 ico I, Complementary effects effects Complementary I, ico et al et an A, editors. Breeding for for Breeding editors. A, an f the future (INSUSFAR)- future the f KristensenK d Wheat Book. Lavoisier, Book. Wheat d f on grasslands. sown of

ce in plants. In: Leonard In: plants. in ce ication to boost IPM and IPM boostto ication enhanced crop enhanced function. versity at all levels. all at versity Field CropField Res , Poland;. p. 6 , Poland;. (2016). ation ofmixture theory. . Innovative approaches Why are wheat yields wheat are Why cal approach to wheat wheat to approach cal Dsae. Dordrecht, Diseases. t nu systems. input ions for food security. arino L, Jarvis A Jarvis L, arino ary Plant Breeding in Breeding Plant ary ew York p. 251–283 W, Influence ofhost ity. their application to Fnl eot 39 report. Final , rl taeis of strategies eral Ann NY Acad Sci 277/final1-final- et al

119 J Agric ., Time Time ., :201– et al et J Sci J Sci Nat Nat ., .,

Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. 39. Weedon O, Brumlop S, Heinrich S, Boening 2017]. A, Elsner M, Finck from: Available (2016). 193 p. S Kimani A, Hassanali Intercropping increases P, Chiliswa K, Ampong-Nyarko ZR, Agroscope Khan 33. Zürich: http://eucarpia2016.org/images/docs/Eucarpia2016_AbstractsFinal Switzerland. Life Availab Breeding: Plant editors. B, Boller R, AbstractsKölliker In: years. five (2015). conventiona and organic under populations cross 71–2 composite wheat of p. thestability Yield MR, Finckh S, Heinrich S, Brumlop O, Weedon 32. Denmark;. 20th Vingsted, EUCARPIAhttp://www.cobra-div.eu/cobra-conference-24th-november/ [27 Jun [Internet]. Denmark General hotel Vingsted at 2015 November 25th and 24th Conference Final CongressOrganicF1 plant the to F5 the from conditions conventional and organic under composi 29wheat Breedingwinter in stability Aug-Yield MR Finckh O, Weedon 31. Activities 1 - for diversity (2000). Programdisease resistan on emphasis with in practice, mixtures species and a 30. Finckh MR,Gacek ES, Goyeau H, Lannou C, Merz U, Mundt CC 2017]. http://eucarpia2016.org/images/docs/Eucarpia2016_AbstractsFinal Z üSciencePlant editors. B, Boller toR, rKölliker In: Lifepresentation. Project Abstracts i of the c 20th EUCARPIA h General , Congress S w i t z e r l a n d . Z ü r i c h : A g r o s c o p e ; . p . 4 2 ( 2 0 1 6 ) . A v a i l a b l performance oftwo generations (F12 andF13) ofthirteenwinter vial fo: http://www.cobra-div.eu/cobra-conference-24th-n from: Available 2015 at Vingsted hotel & conferencecentre, Denmark. Vingsted, D diversity Program and abstracts eff for the COBRA Final Conference The MR, Finckh f S, r o Heinrich mpopula wheat S, twinter cross composite h Brumlop on conditions eenvironmental A, F 8 Haak t O, o Weedon t h38. e F 1 4 . C O B R A Field CropRes C o o r d stab imixtures n and a and performance t pure i of n lines ganalysis of O winter r g wheat a n in organic i c p and l conventi a n t B R e e Secur Agric Food d i agri organic for breeding Plant R, Ortiz LA, Crespo-Herrera 36. P, Hinsinger J, Enjalbert S, Boudsocq F, Lescourret S, Gaba 35. Poland 30 (2016).p. agricult low-input and sustainable in IPM for Breeding editors. JR, Lamichhane In: systems. cropping mixed to adapted varieties 34. Enjalbert J, Borg J, Forst E, Gauffreteau A, Goldringer I, design. cropping systems as driversfor providing multiple ecosystem se 37. Döring TF, Annicchiarico P, Clarke S, Haigh Z, Jones HE, Pe Agron SustainDev 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 183

4 :1–7 (2015). :235–45 (2015). (2015). :235–45 Comment citer cedocument: parasitism of pests. parasitism ofpests.

35 :607–23 (2015). (2015). :607–23

lt aog opst cos pop cross composite among ility Nature

388 :631–632 (1997). (1997). :631–632 New challenges for breeding for challenges New the Art of Brining Science to Science Brining of Art the Breeding: the Art of Brining of Art the Breeding: Journet E-P arce H arce ce. analysis for three winter three for analysis culture: something new? 24th and 25th November ural systems. Radzików, systems. ural rvices: from concepts to to concepts from rvices: Arseniuk E, Messéan A, bstracts for theCOBRA et al et enmark 73–4 p. (2015). wheat compositecross wheat 3. COBRA Coordinating onal cropping systems. systems. cropping onal h MR h Agronomie 29 Aug- 1 Sep 2016 & conference centre, conference & te cross populations cross te tions over six years ovember/ [23 May l management over over management l . Cereal variety and variety Cereal . .pdf .pdf [23 May 2017]. June [23 .pdf e 2017]. e 2017]. Lad W Lwande , et al ng Activities - for for - Activities ng e 21 Zürich, 2016 Sep et al et ltos variety ulations, c o changing of ect ., Comparative Comparative ., et al et ., Agronomic Agronomic ., 20 ., Multiple Multiple ., le from: from: le from: e :813–37 :813–37 et al., et

Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. 46. Yang M, Zhang Y, Qi L, Mei X, Liao J, Ding X X Ding J, Liao X, Mei L, Qi Y, Zhang M, Yang 46. avenae In: AHC, Finckh MR, Bruggen van Tamm St.Paul, MN, L APS (eds). resistance breeding for organic farming. Plant disease manageme 50. de Milliano WAJ, van Bueren andUK,Wiley-BlacLammerts Chichester, L.D.Myers. Lammerts diseas and Pest MR, vanfarming: Finckh MS, Bueren Wolfe M, Pautasso Implications TF, Döring ET,49. Voorrips and inspirations RE, MyersAmerican Phytopathological Society,St.Paul, Minnesota, U. S. for plant48. breeding. Datnoff Orga LE, Bru St. Paul,MN, APSPress: 53-66.(2015). van MR, Elmer, Finckh In: agriculture. organic in WH,management their Huberdiseases airborne and management Organic L, Tamm DMMR, Finckh 47. (eds), MineralPLoS One nutritionpeppe and maize a on suppression disease soil-bornein involved an 44. Zhu Y, Fang H, Wang Y,Fan JX, Yang S, Mew TW moisture inricecultivar mixtures. allelochemicals from wheat by wheat from allelochemicals 45. Friebe A,Vilich V,Henning L, Kluge M, Sicker D,Detoxific ln/aoy rhtcua tat ta rdc te xrsin an expression the reduce epidemics. that traits architectural plant/canopy 43. Tivolithe field. ( blight ascochyta of development epidemic spatiotemporal on B,42. Calonnec LeMay C,Ney B, LemarchandE, Schoeny A,Tivoli B, Effect A, Richard B, Ney B, Andrivon D, Current 21) Aalbe from: Available pla of Impact JM, rhizosphere microbiome a Raaijmakers R, Mendes JE, Pérez-Jaramillo 41. and phenotypingstrategies improvement. forplant 40. Paez-Garcia A, Mtes CM, Scheible W-R, Chen R, Blancaflor EB 2017]. http://eucarpia2016.org/images/docs/Eucarpia2016_AbstractsFinal Zürich Switzerland. Zürich, (2016). 2016 Sep 1 Aug- 29 Congress General editors. Plant Breeding: the Art wheat populations with differing cultivation histories in 2014/ , and

Plant Pathol e115052 Eur JPlantPathol Fusarium culmorum Fusarium 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: :1–22 (2014). (2014). :1–22

58 :332–43 (2009). ssembly and functions. functions. ssembly and

135 of Brining Science to Life Abs Gaeumannomyces graminis

. Appl Environ Microbiol Appl Environ :471–8 (2013). (2013). :471–8 Phytopathology et al Plant MolBiol 95 Plants :433–8 (2005). ., Plant-plant-microbe mechanisms Plant-plant-microbe ., 64 et al

4 var. :2386–91 (1998). :2386–91 :334–55 (2015). (2015). :334–55 tracts of the 20th EUCARPIA ., Panicle blastand canopy A. 278 pp. (2007). Mycosphaerella pinodes Mycosphaerella 15. In: Kölliker R, Boller B, ation of Benzoxazolinone of ation graminis , Monteros MJ, Root traits traits Root MJ, Monteros , 90 e management in organic ggen AHC, Tamm L (eds). of pea plant architecture nt in organic agriculture. nic Crop Breeding. E. T. T. E. Breeding. Crop nic Press: 175-187 (2015). Press: (2015). 175-187 r intercropping system. intercropping r kwell: 39-60 (2012). (2012). kwell: 39-60 :635–44 (2016). (2016). :635–44 nt domestication on pat ies. The disease. plant d Arsoe . 192 p. Agroscope : . Plant diseases and diseases Plant . JR, Resistance and dvlpet of development d .pdf [16 June June [16 .pdf , knowledge on G. graminis var. ) in Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D.,Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating aneed for suitable breeding Decroocq, V.,Enjalbert, J.,Finckh,M. R.,Korbin,M., Koppel,M., Kudsk,P.,Mesterhazy ,A., Lamichhane, J.R.(Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P.,Czembor, J., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Box 1. Organic farming Integrated Pest Management • • • • • •

Key differences between orga with stunted growth has higher possibility of pathogen attacks attacks pathogen of growing shape). possibility higher has growth stunted with pathos some for (e.g. dynamics disease changing thereby allowed Plant nutrition is a limiting factor because highly soluble min n norc dcso cnenn copn patcs eg sowin (e.g. practices density, cropping inadequate cropping seq concerning decision incorrect An available where or measures pesticides. synthetic/organic preventive on rely to have Growers to forbidden is pesticides (inorganic) conventional of use The chemical one. chemical one. a such in since, IPM for – which drawback a also be inor could are using this by generally correctedHowever, be can error the often, used density), plant as asowing (e.g. lastpractices cropping on made is decision wrong a optionIf in IPM option. – althou may epidemics, manage to prevai used be can pesticides Conventional cropallowed growth. toimprove of use judicious the as limiting usually not is nutrition Plant by usinginorganic pesticides in case of epidemic development. 74 (6), 1219-1227. ,DOI: 10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citer cedocument: 47, 48 47,

nic and IPMsystems farming nic and uence) in most cases may not be not may cases most in uence)

eral fertilizers are not not are fertilizers eral mineral fertilizers is fertilizers mineral case, chemical tools tools chemical case, than a plant in good manage epidemics.manage

date or sequence, sequence, or date ai pesticides. ganic easily corrected l over the non- the over l ystems, a plant a ystems, h s h last the as gh g date, plant plant date, g eet non- select Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D., Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating a need for suitable breeding Decroocq, V., Enjalbert, J., Finckh, M.R., Korbin ,M.,Koppel , M.,Kudsk, P., Mesterhazy , A., Lamichhane, J.R. (Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P., Czembor, J., could provide Table 1. odsg e ait eeomn n P taeis2 56 22 Making plants more resistant priority in takes higher 6. the following Which of a ofexisting deployment partiall on better strategies Focusing diversi promote to as so crops minor for breeding supporting By Through improvements ofcrop agr context? inawider integrated IPM be breeding technologies 5. How existing can oneto in resistance cultivarmechanisms more Bringing together new variety developmentand strategies IPM Co-design varietiesfor specific Developing to facilitate IPM of existingtechnologies Changing targets the are more to asthey prone new technologies breeding Developing level? European the at IPM” for “breeding promote we can How 4. I don't know not are there No, Yes, there are your country? in programs R&D current are there IPM, for breeding For 3. I don't know not are there No, Yes, there are IPM? for breeding for Europe in programs R&D current there Are 2. are selected implementatio to facilitate targets whose Breeding with agr strategies other It is abouttocombine/adapt breeding oth or farming organic/low-input for designed programs Breeding resistance on disease pest targeting and sustainable Breeding IPM? for breeding is What 1. Question This article isprotectedby copyright. Allrights reserved. Relevant questions and multiple answers related to breeding for breeding to related answers multiple and questions Relevant

more thanoneanswer tothe same question. Intotal, thirty-nin 74 (6), 1219-1227. , DOI :10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citercedocument : specific pedo-climatic condit onomic traits to

gether with pes with gether R&D programs that focus on breeding forIPM? breeding focus programs that on R&D os(dpaint oa otxs 1 44 17 to localcontexts) ions (adaptation eitn aite 256 22 varieties resistant y fIM1 49 19 IPM n of nmcpatcs2 59 23 practices onomic iaino rp 1 38 15 of crops fication aodrssac raigb h ahgn2 67 26 by thepathogen breaking resistance avoid upr P 1 44 17 support IPM rmr eiin amn ytm 436 14 farming systems moreer resilient eitnetat 3 87 34 resistance traits t IPM asked through the questionnaire. The same respondent e experts to responded thequestionnaire. No. of Responses No. of 974 29 28 26 11 59 28 10 54 23 11 21 69 27 615718 1 Percentage 2 Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D., Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating a need for suitable breeding Decroocq, V., Enjalbert, J., Finckh, M.R., Korbin ,M.,Koppel , M.,Kudsk, P., Mesterhazy , A., Lamichhane, J.R. (Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P., Czembor, J.,

2 opttvns tlret epr fdvriiain1 33 13 46 18 1 Crop rotation Multiple crops Intercropping mixed (association, crops) we focus? shall diversification crop for breeding of type which On 9. Weeds to at large partofdiversification be Competitiveness Tolerance priority takes higher 8. thefollowing Which of Weeds included) (insects Animal pests Diseases priority takes higher 7. thefollowing Which of time over plantsreduce pest pressure to Modifying Calculated ratioCalculated between by the thenumber of responses obtaine This article isprotectedby copyright. Allrights reserved. In total, 39 respondents provided their feedback to respondents their questio provided In total,the 39 74 (6), 1219-1227. , DOI :10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citercedocument :

in R&D programs that focus on breeding forIPM? breeding focus programs that on in R&D forIPM? breeding focus programs that on in R&D nnaire nnaire d and the number of total respondents respondents total of number the and d 974 28 31 29 11 64 12 31 49 87 25 12 19 34 13 Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D., Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating a need for suitable breeding Decroocq, V., Enjalbert, J., Finckh, M.R., Korbin ,M.,Koppel , M.,Kudsk, P., Mesterhazy , A., Lamichhane, J.R. (Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P., Czembor, J., farming. While host genetic resi genetic host While farming. organic breeding. wo previous several IPM, for breeding Unlike red). (in adoption cover crops are only partially deployed (in yellow) to manage c Table 2. This article isprotectedby copyright. Allrights reserved. IPM tools Biological Biological

Breeding for Integrated Pest Management targets and their curr diversification) diversification) (Within-species and within-field Breeding for intraspecific diversity landscape on deployment R-gene Better Host genetic resistance to diseases diseases resistance to genetic Host 49,50 74 (6), 1219-1227. , DOI :10.1002/ps.4818 Biological/technical leverage leverage Biological/technical

Comment citercedocument : stance to disease has been well been has disease to stance

pest resistance and tolerance tolerance resistance and pest of mechanisms and genes for populations diverse and highly segregating for Breeding Synthetic cultivars: schemes breeding in strategy rotation R-gene of Integration architecture) architecture) + resistances genes+quantitative (e.g. disease management R- for cultivars synergistic for Breeding Cultivar mixtures: resistance) quantitative R-genes and/or race-specific Disease/Pest resistantvarieties (e.g. major Breeding target (ex. of traits) rop pests. The majority of IPM leverages still suffer from a co implemented (in green), other IPM leverages such as crop rotat crop as such leverages IPM other green), (in implemented rks have clearly highlighted ongoing programs and future direct future and programs ongoing highlighted clearly have rks ent implementation status in relation to organic and low-input resistance to seed- to resistance Current implementation Currentstatus implementation in breeding largely missing missing largely Largely absent absent Largely absent Largely Conventional Conventional borne pests borne pests Done but but Done Absent Absent programs borne pests Some work work Some mixtures is mixtures (but use of resistance resistance common) Organic done on to seed- cultivar Absent Absent Absent mplete mplete lack of conventional Transfered Low-input Needed Needed Absent Absent Absent ions for for ions ion and ion from Version postprint approaches to boost Integrated Pest Management: A European perspective. Pest Management Science, Sosnowska, D., Zimnoch-Guzowska ,E., Messean, A. (2018). Advocating a need for suitable breeding Decroocq, V., Enjalbert, J., Finckh, M.R., Korbin ,M.,Koppel , M.,Kudsk, P., Mesterhazy , A., Lamichhane, J.R. (Auteur decorrespondance), Arseniuk, E.,Boonekamp, P., Czembor, J.,

This article isprotectedby copyright. Allrights reserved. ehncl Precision agriculture Mechanical hmcl Pesticides application Chemical Cultural Cultural Trap crops (e.g. push-pull) push-pull) (e.g. Trap crops + material…) seed/planting into microbes endophytic viruses, fungi, bacteria or hyper-parasites, inoculation ofnatural enemies (e.g. through control Biological pathogens mixtures duetospecies Intercropping: major change in Cover crops Rotation 74 (6), 1219-1227. , DOI :10.1002/ps.4818 Comment citercedocument :

weed management new precision withtools compatible for pressure) resistance tomechanical architecture, color, stem/root/collar crop characteristics (e.g. for Breeding role in fostering fungicides effects effects fungicides role infostering animportant play can which physiology, resistance, cropand architecture for breeding to complement in pesticides: of efficiency a better for Breeding olfactory landscapes) landscapes) olfactory exudates, architecture, (e.g. control crop traits for Breeding architecture, for pest control phenology,...) (e.g. interactions species synergistic resistances, disease new for breeding diversity, interspecific for Breeding diversity for interspecific breeding management, pest foster that cover-crop species for Breeding enhanced by a given preceding crop crop agivenpreceding by enhanced topests specifically resistance for Breeding biological control control biological fostering companion species for Breeding fosteringbiological Absent or initial Absent in Mostly done done Mostly Limited to to Limited screening resource resource Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent stage applicable control) Needed Needed Largely Largely needed needed Absent absent Highly Highly Highly Highly (weed Done Not Needed Needed Needed Needed Needed Needed needed needed needed Highly Highly Highly Highly