Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 1

Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance

Minutes of the seminar 10 July 2019 ,

This seminar was funded by the European Union (EU) through EU-India Cooperation and Dialogue on Migration and Mobility project (CDMM) and the of India (GoI). The project is implemented by International Labour Organization (ILO) and International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), with India Centre for Migration as local partner.

This consultation report was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union and .

The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the presenters, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the ILO of the opinions expressed in them.

Licensed to the European Union under conditions. Summary...... 5

I: Inaugural Session...... 6

II: Launch of the Integration Handbook for

Indian Diaspora in and Students Checklist...... 10

III: Setting The Context...... 12

IV. Regular Migration & Well-Managed Mobility...... 16

V: Initiatives to Prevent and Tackle Irregular Migration...... 21

VI: Maximizing the Development Impact of Migration and Mobility...... 26 Contents

VII: Emerging Issues for Future Dialogue and Action...... 31

VIII. Participants Feedback and Suggestions...... 34

IX: Annexures...... 36

1. Concept Note and Agenda...... 37

2. List of Participants...... 41 Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 5

I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A one-day seminar on Sharing of Good Practices and maximizing the development impact of on Migration and Governance was held under migration. Government stakeholders and technical the India EU Common Agenda on Migration and experts shared good practices from India and the Mobility framework. This event was co-implemented EU addressing these three pillars. The seminar by the International Labour Organization (ILO) was attended by 130 participants, including 75 and the International Centre for Migration Policy representatives from the EU, EU Member States, Development (ICMPD) in local partnership with the Government of India, and 55 technical experts and India Centre for Migration (ICM), on 10 July 2019 in academicians. New Delhi. The core objectives of this seminar were The seminar also witnessed the launch of two to: knowledge products developed by the project XX understand and take stock of the evolving implementing partners, a handbook titled efforts in Europe and India, post-2017 High ‘Integration of Indians In Italy’ and a checklist for Level Dialogue on Migration and Mobility students titled “Prepare for your Study in Europe”. (HLDMM), on migration management, from the perspective of each side’s own practices, The sharing of good practices highlighted some challenges, opportunities, and lessons learnt of the practical approaches undertaken by the EU, (regionally and globally) on regular migration, EU Member States, and India to facilitate mobility irregular migration, and diaspora engagement; of high-skilled professionals and students, as well as initiatives to raise awareness on the risks and XX offer the opportunity to EU and the Government of India to further their existing relationship consequences of irregular migration and efforts and synchronize their efforts in the governance towards assisted voluntary return and strategic of migration and mobility; and engagement with diaspora.

XX put forward recommendations for potential Key issues emerging to further India EU cooperation convergence and collaboration. on migration governance included ease of access to reliable migration data, enhanced scope of migration This seminar preceded the 5th India EU High Level governance policy framework, issues under regular Dialogue on Migration and Mobility. The seminar migration, irregular migration and migration and addressed three key priority areas of the India development. The seminar underscored the need for EU Common Agenda on Migration and Mobility – enhanced cooperation between India and the EU to better organizing and promoting regular migration, strengthen engagement on migration governance. preventing and combatting irregular migration Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 6 on Migration Governance

I: INAUGURAL SESSION Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 7

I. INAUGURAL SESSION

The session began with welcome note of esteemed dignitaries from Government of India (Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, and Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Skills, State ) and the EU (Directorate General for Home Affairs, European External Action Service, and EU Member States).

Mr. Vinod K Jacob Mr. Tomasz Kozlowski Joint Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs of the EU to India

Mr. Vinod K Jacob, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Mr. Tomasz Kozlowski, Ambassador of the EU to External Affairs opened the session by welcoming India, mentioned that EU and India had traditionally Ms. Paraskevi Michou, Director General, Home been natural partners joined by a shared view on Affairs, European Commission and Mr. Sanjiv global issues; the current partnership is developed Arora, Secretary (Consular, Passport & Visa and on practical list of issues and also on the synergies Overseas Indian Affairs) Ministry of External which have already been achieved. He mentioned Affairs, Government of India and other dignitaries that in November 2018, the EU adopted a new and guests. Emphasizing the multi-stakeholder strategy on India renewing their partnership mechanism of the conference, he brought attention and highlighting common opportunities. Both to the fact that the current approach of practical co- sides committed to working towards a favourable operation to ensure ease of movement of people environment for business, politics, education from India to EU and vice-versa against the normal and culture, people-to-people ties and evolving government-to-government approach. Such trans- strategies to better manage migration and mobility border engagement is imperative to both national between India and EU. Referring to the 5th EU India and federal governments across the globe. He High Level Dialogue on Migration and Mobility mentioned that safety and welfare of citizens, labour scheduled on the following day, he confirmed that migrants, semi and high-skilled professionals is at the process of engagement is focused on furthering the core of migration governance. This discussion on cooperation and promoting migration and mobility sharing of good practices on migration governance between India and the EU. is expected to provide useful avenues to channelize the talent and streamline the mobility corridor. Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 8 on Migration Governance

Ms. Paraskevi Michou management, improving document security, Director General Home Affairs addressing the root causes through investments European Commission and increasing of employment opportunities, raising awareness and capacity-building measures with Ms. Paraskevi Michou, Director General Home partner countries, and building strategic frameworks Affairs, European Commission in her inaugural for the orderly and safe return of irregular migrants. address thanked Secretary Mr. Sanjiv Arora and Joint Secretary Mr. Vinod Jacob and the EU Asylum and international protection forms another Member States’ representatives, local partner important area of joint action, particularly focusing on India Centre for Migration (ICM) and implementing saving life at sea. Asylum in international protection partners International Labour Organisation (ILO) has also been extended, with over 1 million lives and International Centre for Migration Policy rescued at sea since 2016. Ms Michou shared that Development (ICMPD). This seminar, she mentioned, the EU is in the process of reforming the Dublin focused on how the spirit of partnership, confidence System, establishing the Asylum Agency to replace and trust could move forward between India and EASO, replacing the Asylum procedures Directive, EU and how India and EU may benefit from mutual Qualification Directive and Reception Conditions learning, to move forward together. In the backdrop Directive, a framework for resettlement: these of migration crisis in 2015, a comprehensive EU focus on harmonization of criteria, convergence of Migration agenda was put forward but several decisions, and the rights of the beneficiaries challenges thwart security of the region. A holistic Other important areas of action-based cooperation approach on migration management, to cover legal include sharing of information and data among the migration and integration, border management, EU member states. Efforts are taken to make the data trafficking, irregular, return migration and inter-operable. Ms Michou referred to the India EU recognition of irregular migrants has been adopted. High Level Dialogue on Migration and Mobility as a The issue of migration therefore needs to be framework to further develop the India EU Common addressed holistically together with member states Agenda. She reinstated the EU’s commitment to and India. work with India and offer a better future to people. On legal migration, DG Michou outlined several She ended her address by underscoring the need revised initiatives that have been taken on student to translate ideas, through exchanges facilitated by researchers, trainees and volunteers from third such seminars, into actions and achieve results. country nations to facilitate their mobility to the EU Mr. Sanjiv Arora and among EU Member States. Other aspects of Secretary (Consular, Passport & Visa and Overseas cooperation include: revised visa rules to facilitate Indian Affairs), Ministry of External Affairs, tourism, trade and enhance security. EU has Government of India supported EU Member States (EU MS) and other actors through funding, exchange of good practices Mr. Sanjiv Arora, Secretary (Consular, Passport & Visa and developing pilot projects. All EU MS have agreed and Overseas Indian Affairs), Ministry of External on EU Common Basic Principles on Integration. The Affairs, Government of India warmly welcomed the Commission launched in 2016, an action plan for Director General and her accompanying delegation integration of third country nationals. This is an EU to India, and expressed hope that this would be the wide integration through partnership of employers’ first of many visits by the Director General to India. organisations and other socio-economic partners. He also complimented and thanked the ILO team Diaspora engagements and remittances feature in New Delhi, and the India Center for Migration (a prominently in the engagements. think tank on migration issues functioning under the aegis of the Ministry of External Affairs) and ICMPD On irregular migration, preventing and combating for their collaborative efforts in organizing today’s irregular migration remains at the core of all EU seminar. irregular migration actions. Actions for enhanced cooperation include reinforcing capacities in border Shri Arora formally inaugurated the seminar by Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 9 highlighting that “one of the important mechanisms Complementarity between India and EU’s envisaged in the Common Agenda for Migration and demography and skills, as well as India’s efforts Mobility (CAMM) is the India-EU High Level Dialogue in migration governance efforts was shared. on Migration and Mobility [HLDMM] which steers the Identifying common challenges like terrorism; implementation of the agreed agenda”. Recognizing transnational crimes and other threats, Shri the enormous opportunities to both India and EU Arora stressed the importance of constructive Member States for shared prosperity and progress engagement and expanding partnership, including in the current times, he highlighted how migration through suitable migration and mobility flows, and mobility, addressed in a holistic way, including as ways to enable the two sides to combat these through transfer and sharing of technology; trade challenges more effectively. Emphasizing on the and investments; knowledge and information; and need for migration to be managed by establishing human resources presents a win-win situation for collaborative frameworks for governance, he both sides. expressed confidence in this event making a positive contribution to further strengthen the EU India partnership. Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 10 on Migration Governance

II: LAUNCH OF THE INTEGRATION HANDBOOK FOR INDIAN DIASPORA IN ITALY AND STUDENTS CHECKLIST Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 11

II. LAUNCH OF THE INTEGRATION HANDBOOK FOR INDIAN DIASPORA IN ITALY AND STUDENTS CHECKLIST

As part of the technical project supporting India EU CAMM, two knowledge products developed by the implementing partners, ILO and ICMPD, were launched by Ms Michou and Sh Arora.

The handbook for the understanding the local systems and access the Integration of Indians in Italy services offered by government, institutions and service providers in Italy. The handbook includes This handbook titled Integration of Indians in Italy information on visas and permits, social security, was developed in consultation with the Embassy education, housing, travel etc. It is presented in an of Italy, the EU and Government of India. It serves easy to read format, in three different languages – as a guidebook for Indian migrants in Italy to English, and Punjabi.

The students’ checklist entitled the student’s journey (preparatory, pre-departure, ‘Prepare for your study in Europe’ arrival, post-graduation) by identifying key questions to ask as they prepare. Tips, common risks, e-links, The Checklist was developed as a tool for Indian and broad guidance at each stage ensure that students orienting themselves for further education students succeed, do not fall prey to clandestine in the EU. It offers easy-to-access information practices, and avoid unnecessary costly services common to all EU Member States as well as unjustly burdening themselves or their families. encourages the student to reflect on each phase of Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 12 on Migration Governance

III: SETTING THE CONTEXT Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 13

III. SETTING THE CONTEXT

Session objective: To lay the context of India EU Migration and mobility with a sharing of existing and emerging data on migration flows and stock, categories of migrants.

Key Discussion points Dr. Meera Sethi Independent expert and lead author XX Compatibility and comparability challenges, limited data availability and sharing , and Dr. Meera Sethi, independent expert and lead author varying definitions of key terminologies, even of a statistical baseline report on mobility from India across databases held within the Ministry of to the EU (within the framework of the EU-India External Affairs, United Nations Department of technical project supporting the implementation of Economic and Social Affairs and EUROSTAT. CAMM) presented the team’s findings on India-EU XX Shifting trends of the India-EU flows - increase migration flows, trends and migration mobility and in short-term work permits and decline in long- dialogue1. term, more family reunification than work visas for Indians, numbers of irregular migrants from With more than 70 per cent of all international India to the EU on decline, marginal increases migrants living in , the largest country in forced and voluntary returns. of origin and Europe is the largest country of destination. The United Kingdom (UK) has been the X X Evolution of sector demand and demographics prime destination for Indian migrants, followed by to be investigated further for harnessing Italy and Germany. In India-EU flows, there are an mutual benefits of mobility increasing proportion of short-term permits vis-à- XX Student mobility to be enhanced by recognizing vis long-term permits. Short-term residence permits existing challenges and limitations (including increased from 15,575 in 2008 to 23,687 in 2016, compatibility of university programmes, whilst the long-term residence permits declined visa processes, financial aspects, and post- from 46,457 to 33,890 in the same time period. graduation opportunities). Indian citizens remain one of the largest recipients

1 The statistical baseline report under development commissioned by ICMPD is in collaboration with the National Institute for Urban Affairs (NIUA). The authors are Dr Meera Sethi, Dr Debolina Kundu, and Dr Arvind Pandey. Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 14 on Migration Governance of the EU Blue Card scheme. India is also the third of compatibility and comparability and varying largest country to receive permits under family re- definitions of key terminologies across Ministry unification; the number of permits received under of External Affairs, United Nations Department of this category is higher than the permits granted for Economic and Social Affairs and EUROSTAT are some employment purposes. The UK has recorded highest of the key challenges when compiling data for policy permits granted under this category followed by dialogue Italy and Germany in 2016. Several studies indicate Dr. TLS Bhaskar an increase in number of skilled Indians returning CAO home from the UK and other EU Member States Indian Centre for Migration motivated by economic reasons (such as the termination or completion of contracts, short term Dr. TLS Bhaskar, CAO, Indian Centre for Migration - nature of contracts, restrictive emigration policies, Focusing on the complementary between India and limited job prospects, and/or family links back at EU, Dr Bhaskar suggested that it might be useful to home). The UK reported the highest number of further investigate what kind of sectors may unfold returns (4,660) in 2017 followed by France, Germany, and what kind of opportunities may become available Netherlands and Cyprus with insignificant numbers. in the near future, so as to mutually benefit India and OECD data also reflects that in 2016, the U.K. had EU. The healthcare in EU, for instance is expected to the highest number of practicing Indian doctors grow by 5 per cent due to demographic shifts and (16,407) and nurses (16,931) in the EU. Ireland also emergence of better healthcare applications. Indian reported a significant number of doctors (460). In agencies can also focus on other opportune sectors 2017, the volume of remittances increased to 6,896 such as engineering and Information Technology, billion USD, of which the share of EU was 8.69% (5.99 which are expected to expand by around 30 percent billion USD). between 2018-2030: thus creating the possibility of generating nearly 1 million jobs. He also highlighted Preventing and combating irregular migration the growing consensus and increased engagement remains a challenge. In 2008, EUROSTAT data of state governments to protect migrants including indicate 19,510 Indians were identified as irregularly their retention, remittances and integration. present in the EU, which declined to 16,415 in 2017. The UK accounted the highest share of irregular Dr. Rupa Chanda Indian migrants followed by Germany and France in Professor, Indian Institute of Management, 2016. Travelling without a visa or valid documents Bangalore are two reasons why Indians have been refused entry or intercepted at EU borders both at sea and Dr. Rupa Chanda, Professor, Indian Institute of land. The number of Indians who returned under Management, Bangalore presented an overview Assisted Voluntary Return programs have increased of various dimensions of India-EU Migration. New substantially from 270 in 2014 to 410 in 2017 forms of mobility are emerging with growth of compared to enforced returns, which increased start-ups and entrepreneurial ventures, Small and marginally from 385 to 425 during the same period. Medium Scale Enterprises, digital applications. Except in 2016, the number of forced (forcibly) A multi-faceted approach that builds on existing returned was higher than assisted voluntary return. initiatives and engages in a futuristic vision However, sharing of data remains much vexed issue. is important. Regular migrants to EU cover a The absolute figure for asylum seekers has declined large proportion of Indian students, academics, to 5,280 in 2017, after registering an increase researchers, trainees, professional, and semi-skilled between 2008 and 2016. Most of the asylum seekers personnel. This presents a promising picture of are male and are young, in the age group between mutually beneficial relationship. Indian students 18 to 34 years. The proportion of unaccompanied are a source of financing future global talent for the minors is also substantial. EU and can promote mutual understanding, trade, investment and research ties. Limitation in data availability, sharing of data among EU members states only, limited scope She raised issues that need consideration and Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 15 provided suggestions for the same: The visa on foreign professionals to make social security process is perceived as cumbersome, time contributions, raising cost of doing business in EU. consuming, discretionary, non-transparent with Impact and effectiveness of bilateral programs for associated conditions; streamlining and addressing student mobility need to be assessed. of pre-consular procedures is needed. Changes in Ms. Seeta Sharma immigration rules without prior notice, considerable Technical Officer differences in visa-processing time-lines among ILO states, non-alignment of visa regulations with requirements of sectors of mutual interest like Mr. Naozad Hodiwala information technology and start-ups, restrictions Project Manager on movement and employment of dependents ICMPD and absence of long-term multiple entry visas remain other perceived hurdles. Regarding student Ms. Seeta Sharma, Technical Officer, ILO and mobility, there is considerable misalignment Mr. Naozad Hodiwala, Project Manager, ICMPD between programmes of Indian universities and provided the context of India-EU Technical Project those of European Universities and a higher degree derived from the four pillars of the CAMM. Activities of regulatory co-operation is needed between planned within the project’s work plan align with accreditation bodies and educational establishments the key priorities outlined within the document and to bridge this gap and bring in an equivalent endeavor to improve knowledge sharing, holding system. Another issue that affects student and dialogues and building capacities in terms of research community includes high costs, limited awareness of risks and opportunity lost were some scholarships, and funded exchange programs. More of the approaches highlighted. Ms. Sharma added scholarships, post-doctoral and funded research that migration has been an important subject in exchange schemes, academia internships, needs to ILO’s constitutional mandate and the organization, be rolled out and dissemination of information to in conjunction with its implementing partner – the intended (student) community in this regard is ICMPD continues to provide technical support equally crucial. Additionally, post study employment in the implementation of CAMM with the aim of and stay needs to be more flexible. Another issue strengthening the dialogue on migration between of concern includes mandatory requirements India and the EU. Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 16 on Migration Governance

IV: REGULAR MIGRATION & WELL-MANAGED MOBILITY Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 17

IV. REGULAR MIGRATION & WELL-MANAGED MOBILITY Moderator: Dr. Gulshan Sachdeva, Professor JNU

Session objective:

XX To share India EU perspective on high and low skill mobility;

XX To share initiatives by India and the EU on opportunities for strengthening regular migration cooperation.

Key Discussion points Dr. Gulshan Sachdeva introduced the session by emphasizing that migration between India and the XX Opportunities for skilled workers including EU must be seen, as an opportunity for increased engineers, technicians and Information engagement with EU MS. Focus of bilateral Technology professionals to remain high; low discussions should also move beyond facilitating skill jobs such as sales representatives, drivers, cleaners and helpers is also expected to remain high skill mobility and enable facilitation process for till 2030. low and medium skilled workers as well.

XX Mutual recognition of skills system needs to be Ms. Maria Madrid set up; collaboration in apprenticeships to be International Coordination Unit explored DG Home Affairs, European Commission

XX Introduction of new visa code by the EU from Ms. Maria Madrid, International Coordination Feb 1, 2020 with visa rules to be adapted Unit, DG Home Affairs, European Commission according to cooperation on the return and presented perspective from the EU legal migration readmission of irregular migrants. as a part of comprehensive migration policy. The XX Businesses request consistency in procedure third-country nationals form 4.2% (21.6 million) of and timelines for visas, and intra-EU mobility the total population in the EU. It is expected that legal pathways to migration would be enhanced X X +/- 34,000 Indians migrate to EU annually, for through robust growth and strong job creation the purpose of study; post-study work initiatives (although not in all countries) in both skilled and can be explored less-skilled opportunities. Besides skilled trades, XX 7. Social security agreements to be extended engineers, technicians and Information Technology and effectively implemented; mechanism for professionals, opportunities in less skilled jobs addressing issues proposed (grievance portals) of sales representatives, drivers, cleaners and Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 18 on Migration Governance helpers is expected to remain till 2030. EU’s legal covers not only higher education but also training migration policy needs to be in tune with labour the youth in sports. market needs and provide a single and uniform Mr. B.K Sikdar framework to attract skill/highly skilled workers Director, Ministry of Skills Development and and to manage the labour migration in a proper Entrepreneurship, GOI manner. Implementation of the EU Intra-Corporate Transferee (ICT) Directive, Students and Research B.K Sikdar, Director, Ministry of Skills Development Directive and reform of EU Blue Card (in negotiation) and Entrepreneurship, GOI mentioned the need to is required. align skills and high skills in particular, across different countries. Indian understanding and parameter The EU Intra-Corporate Transferee (ICT)Directive of defining high skills may differ with EU member is immensely important from Indian perspective states’ definition of high skills. Hence aligning of where the right to stay and work in EU MS is system and mutual recognition mechanism needs facilitated for corporate employees through flexible to be set up. Lessons can be drawn from European scheme of short-term stay of three months, and Qualification System, where there is standardization is extendable by three months at a time. A new of skills. Blue Card initiative is in pipeline that has fast-track procedures, enhanced rights on labour market Ministry of Skills Development and Entrepreneurship access, family reunification and ease in intra-EU and National Skills Development Corporation mobility. Ms. Madrid closed the presentation with collaboration with Japan – the Indo Japan an update on the EU legal migration fitness check Apprenticeship Programme was shared as a good and revised visa policy which highlighted the practice. It includes the empanelment of sending positive contributions of the EU legal migration organizations, language training and bridging policy and the challenges on policy coherence and the gap between skills demand and supply for a inconsistencies for attracting high skilled workers. A mutually beneficial arrangement. Apprenticeship new visa code coming into force from Feb 1, 2020 was trainings such as these help in building the skills also mentioned wherein conditions for processing ecosystem of the countries. visa applications (for example on processing time, visa fees or the issuance of multiple-entry visas) Dr N Saravana Kumar would be adapted depending on whether a non-EU Joint Secretary, Ministry of Human Resource country cooperates satisfactorily on the return and Development, Government of India readmission of irregular migrants. Dr N Saravana Kumar, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Mr. Thibault Devanlay Human Resource Development, Government of European Union Delegation India noted that the ultimate goal for bilateral and multilateral academic exchange remains enhancing Mr. Thibault Devanlay, European Union Delegation the research ecosystem but balanced mobility presented the success stories of organized remains a challenge from the skill and employability migration and mobility of high skilled workers and perspective. academics. He mentions that 50,000 Indian students every year migrate to EU Member States, UK being India has a number of programs including the most favored destination followed by Germany initiatives to attract foreign students. Currently, 130 and France. Several countries which do not have Indian institutions are offering foreign students considerable international migrants are making opportunities to study in India and more than policy efforts to attract Indians in specific sectors. 2,500 scholarships are offered. Foreign students Around 400-500 scholarships are offered through are coming to India primarily from South East Asia, the Erasmus programme. Four kinds of programs are South Asia and Africa. Short-term courses on yoga, offered under Erasmus: credit mobility, Joint Masters’ spirituality and languages are planned. Scheme for Degree, capacity building between universities and Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration within universities and common understanding and offers collaboration between top ranking Indian and creation of cooperation. The Erasmus + program Global institutes with the objective to enhance the Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 19 mobility of researchers and students. 28 countries Mr. Gagan Sabharwal are part of this program and most proposals come National Association of Software and Services from USA, UK and Australia. Global Initiative for Companies (NASSCOM) Academic Networks (GIAN) program promotes foreign faculty visits and work opportunities in India. Mr. Gagan Sabharwal, National Association of GIAN plus program promotes balanced mobility of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM), Indian academicians to other countries. highlighted the limitation of work visas offered by the EU MS in terms of intra-EU mobility. Frequent Mutual recognition of qualifications becomes changes by EU Member States on national visa important . A need for country specific Memorandum rules without prior notification adds to this of Understanding was suggested by Mr Kumar to challenge. Different rules are in place for different promote enhanced and balanced students’ mobility. sectors and companies. In this regard, NASSCOM Recognizing the high percentage of Indian students drafted and presented a white paper on Intra- returning to -scholarship, initiatives on Corporate Transferees and this has increased the post-study visa arrangements was recommended understanding of the requirements to promote also to be considered by the speaker. migration and mobility. Recommendations included extension of visa duration and enhancement of Mr. S. K. Jha intra-EU mobility. “Businesses work on stability and Ministry of Labour and Employment predictability, therefore consistency on timeline and Government of India procedure shall be helpful.” S.K. Jha, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ms. Seeta Sharma Government of India stated that migrant workers often contribute to the social security schemes Ms. Seeta Sharma shared some of the key but when they return to their country of origin, recommendations from the private sector, as often they are not given their dues, especially in presented in the India EU Talent Mobility Seminar cases of service for a short span of contributory last held in June 2019 in Pune. The seminar was period. Effective implementation of Social Security held, as part of the technical project supporting Agreements addressing issue of double coverage the India EU CAMM, with a three-fold objective of payment towards social security (detachment), of: (1) building enhanced understanding on the totalization and portability of benefits needs to benefits of talent mobility in the current and future be addressed. India has such arrangements with world of work, highlighting the complementarity 12 EU Member States but with only four countries of India and EU in this regard.; (2) highlighting the grievance portal have been established. At present, industry practitioners’ point of view on identification only workers registered under Employees’ Provident of challenges, lessons from good practices and Fund Organization are covered by Social Security recommendations for enhanced mobility between Agreements but attempts are being made to widen India and EU; and (3) understanding the initiatives coverage to other categories. undertaken by Indian government, the EU and EU MS for enhanced talent mobility. Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 20 on Migration Governance

Key recommendations from the seminar are listed below.

Automotive Industry Start-ups

• Measures to foster migration and mobility • A review of regulatory requirements is necessary in the India EU automotive sector need to be in both EU and India promoted

• Skilled labour demands to be commensurate • Alignment of work visas and permits with with the growing advancement of technology, business realities is required - longer duration pace of market growth of visa

• Bilateral cooperation at India EU level in • Need to mitigate the lack of clarity on policy and addressing skill shortages and talent mobility is procedure requirements for foreign nationals incumbent starting a business in India

• India needs to strategize its penetration into • Initiatives and platforms that mitigate this explosion of demand for talent that is constraints need encouragement. projected to happen by 2025

• In addition to fiscal leverage, mobility • Enable engagement of regulatory bodies with programmes also need to encourage better the industry to facilitate dialogue on roadblocks cultural integration as well as employment to mobility, and build alternative narratives that opportunities for spouse and migration of empower enterprises. women expatriates in the sector Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 21

V: INITIATIVES TO PREVENT AND TACKLE IRREGULAR MIGRATION Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 22 on Migration Governance

V: INITIATIVES TO PREVENT AND TACKLE IRREGULAR MIGRATION Moderator: Mr. Martijn Pluim, Director, ICMPD

Session objective:

XX To discuss India and EU experience in preventing irregular migration, cooperating on return, tackling migrant smuggling, and identifying challenges and opportunities.

XX To share the good practices in relation to prevention of irregular migration and return and the challenges and gaps that needs to be addressed, including return and re-integration experiences.

Key Discussion points Ms. Maria Madrid International Relations Officer, International XX Return of irregular migrants is an integral Coordination Unit, DG Home Affairs part of EU migration policy; Readmission is currently worked through a country to country European Commission agreement Ms. Maria Madrid, International Relations Officer, XX Use of India’s national verification portal and International Coordination Unit, DG Home Affairs, biometric-linked passports as tools for identity European Commission explained that at the time recognition to be used to their potential most of the irregular migration arrived along the western Mediterranean route, but migration routes XX Understanding migrants’ perspective, and change rapidly. An estimated 150,114 irregular challenges, is key to prevent irregularity migrant detections were identified on EU’s external XX Engagement at community level, awareness border in 2018, with Syria, Morocco and Afghanistan campaigns and dissemination of information on being the top three countries of origin. From 2015- safe migration and risk and reality of irregular 2018 over 3.5 million first time applications were migration, on avenues for voluntary returns, to received for asylum and 1.4 million persons are to be sustained on both sides of the migration line be returned. X X Creation of a team in India in charge of EU adapted an Agenda on Migration in 2015 emergency certificates and adoption of and its main objectives are: saving lives at sea, standards of service suggested Framework targeting criminal smuggling networks, relocation and standards for Assisted Voluntary Return and resettlement of asylum seekers, working in (AVR) and reintegration were shared as a good partnership with key countries outside EU and practice Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 23 helping front-line members states. To better and training of trainers workshop have also manage migration, there is a need to address its been organized by ICM. Coming from the Indian root causes, combat smuggling and initiate more subcontinent, it often becomes difficult to identify effective returns, reinforce border management migrants (in absence of any formal documents) on and stronger asylum system. EU Action Plan against the basis of looks, language and habits, because of Migrant Smuggling (2015-2020) aims to prevent shared cultural practices in the border countries. Re- and combat exploitation of migrants by criminal admission becomes difficult. Hence, the Nationality networks, through a multi-disciplinary approach Verification Portal has been set up, 11,386 cases and building stronger investigation capacity and have been referred so far, of which 9,201 have been prosecution, investigation exchange of information verified, 229 are in process and 1,102 cases are and intelligence, enhanced prevention of smuggling pending. The strike rate of verification is 81%. In India and assistance and stronger cooperation with third for instance emigration to Emigration Clearance countries. Deployment of European Liaison Officers Required countries2 require prior registration and (one was deployed in India between 2016 and 10 officers are empowered at the national level 2018), building cooperation networks and raising to take penal actions against irregular agents. awareness campaign are some of the steps taken On similar lines, measures can be taken to check to foster stronger cooperation with third countries. India-EU irregular migration. Other steps which Return of irregular migrants found is an integral can be taken to tackle irregular migration include part of the EU Migration Policy. On readmission, EU counsellor dialogue, biometric linked passport and is taking step-by-step approach to negotiate with persecution of irregular agents. the country of origin. EU has started the process Mr. Maschell Wellington with some countries in Africa and the next step to Ms. Radhika further strengthen the re-admission process would Representative of UK High Commission be to initiate dialogues at the continent-to-continent level. Mr. Maschell Wellington and Ms. Radhika, Representative of UK High Commission suggested Mr. that to combat irregular immigration and raise Protector General of Emigrants, Ministry of awareness about legal ways of migration, External Affairs, Government of India engagement at the community level with local self- Mr. Amrit Lugun, Protector General of Emigrants, help groups, charity organisations and panchayat/ Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India village leaders is essential. Interventions in , presented his perspectives on irregular migration in partnership with Caritas, were cited as an from India to EU. Though the figures are not high, example of such steps. In addition, measures like he mentioned there are certain specific regions dissemination of information on safe and regular within the country from where such migration migration in colleges, skill training centres and takes place, mainly for economic reasons. The establishing regular dialogues with Government of Government of India has recently initiated a India with mutually agreed priorities have also been program named ‘Prashikshit Jae Surakshit Jae’ (Go initiated. Trained and Go Safe). It is quite common that Seminars in India and UK were held to increase migrants dealing with unscrupulous agents face awareness building about visa types, avoiding destruction of their documents. The government the use of fraudulent agents, educating about the also has Pravasi Bharatiya Sahayata Kendra (PBSK) realities of life in UK as an irregular migrant, and which are operational to provide 24x7 assistance providing accurate information about different re- and counseling facilities to prospective emigrants. integration avenues for anyone voluntarily wishing Further, series of awareness generation campaigns to return to India. They suggested that steps may

2 18 countries are listed as Emigration Clearance Required (ECR) countries. Indian workers holding ECR passports are mandated to get clearance prior to migrating for employment to these countries. The countries are: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Oman, , South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, and Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 24 on Migration Governance be taken to combat irregular migration and raise Mr. Sarat Dash awareness about legal pathways of migration. International Organization for Migration (IOM)

Home Affairs Dialogue/Migration Dialogue with Mr. Sarat Dash, International Organization for Government of India on mutually agreed priorities Migration (IOM) maintained that understanding was established. The British High Commission the perspective of the migrant – economic, social launched a project for providing assistance to and emotional, will help protect the migrant from voluntary returnees for their re-integration. A being exploited. Challenges experienced in handling project office was set up in Jalandhar, Punjab and irregular migration included lack of effective action 35 returnees were supported through the program. against unauthorised recruiting agencies, mismatch Migrants were informed about the Immigration of promised versus paid wages, dispute between the Act of 2016 and the Compliant Environment - employer and the employee upon the enforcement Immigration Compliance and Enforcement which of agreement; claiming compensation amount for required members of the community (landlords, death of the emigrant and injuries sustained in the Nation Health Service (UK), charities, banks) to check work place. identification. Voluntary services/and reintegration support were available in Punjab, including health services for those returning.

They suggested facilitating return through the constitution of a team in India taking care of requirements and approval of Emergency Certificates, enhanced interaction with Indian authorities, better data management to prevent duplication, adoption of standards of services.

Mr. Dinesh Ponraj Oliver, IAS Overseas Manpower Corporation Ltd., Government of India

Mr. Dinesh Ponraj Oliver, IAS – Overseas Manpower Corporation Ltd., Government of India, shared the experience of state governments in tackling irregular migrants. Most of the irregular migration takes place for economic reasons and such job Figure 1: Framework for assisted voluntary seekers are lured by authorized recruiting agents or return and reintegration sub agents of registered agents. To prevent irregularity, safe migration practices Some job seekers (low skill or unskilled people) opt through ethical recruitment checks needs to be for a tourist visa channel to migrate for employment created at the community level. Pre-departure purpose. Lack of information about the risks posed orientation is also a helpful practice. Capacity by taking irregular channels is cited as the key building at the provincial level, mainstreaming of reason for this decision. Raising awareness through welfare schemes are some of the other means to campaigns on safe and legal routes of migration is support prevention of irregularity. considered crucial to address this phenomenon. The process of returning migrants is often Some initiatives taken by the Tamil Nadu government oversimplified but it involves re-inclusion or re- to reduce irregular migration from the state include: incorporation of a person into his or her own culture, short films made to raise awareness on regular and family and society, and often such reintegration is safe migration, conducting awareness workshops, not seamless. A framework on facilitating assisted booklets and leaflets prepared and distributed by voluntary return and re-integration has been the Ministry of External Affairs. developed keeping into consideration the above Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 25 mentioned challenges3. Speedy processing of Sauveroche from the EU Delegation in India. Caritas emergency certificates can be helpful in the return India and Navjeevan Charitable Society, Jalandhar, of Indian migrants. Punjab conducted awareness campaigns against unsafe migration, advocacy with local self-help Since 2006, a total of 2,250 India migrants have been groups and panchayat/village leaders in Punjab returned voluntarily from Europe by the IOM. They This was supported by Dutch Ministry of Justice and belong to the age-group of 30-50 years and have Safety. Progress was monitored by working groups only elementary or school level education. In 2019, consisting of British High Commission and EU there were 122 cases of assisted voluntary return. Liaison Officer. Though figures of return migrants is The state of Punjab has the highest share (38%) not high and most of them have returned voluntarily, of such returnees. Safety of returning migrants good practices of return and reintegration need to and the standard of services provided needs to be established to assist others who are irregularly be ensured. Returning migrants are provided with staying in Europe to return. Apart from Punjab temporary shelter, skill and education training, some other states like Gujarat, Haryana and West medical treatment and assistance for starting small Bengal are also recording returnees and have been businesses. reintegrated with support from Caritas. Caritas India’s experience of re-integration of Indians from Europea was, presented by Benoît

3 For more information refer here: https://www.iom.int/assisted-voluntary-return-and-reintegration Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 26 on Migration Governance

VI: MAXIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND MOBILITY Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 27

VI: MAXIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF MIGRATION AND MOBILITY Moderator: Dr. Constantino Xavier, Fellow - Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings India

Session objective:

XX To understand the EU – India perspective on diaspora engagement and efforts towards diaspora empowerment

XX To discuss the contributions of Indian diaspora in destination economies

XX To discuss best practices in diaspora engagement

Key Discussion points Ms. Cecilia Costa Cooperation Manager XX Engagement of diaspora is key to build bridges EU Delegation in India between country of residency and country of origin; it is also instrumental in reaching the UN Ms. Cecilia Costa, Cooperation Manager, EU sustained development goals. Delegation in India, presented perspectives on XX EU Member States and India have developed empowering diaspora networks and enhancing initiatives and programmes for supporting integration measures within the EU. Indian diaspora’s diaspora engagement: these are needed to contribution of 2.9% (78.6 billion USD in 2018) to address integration and progression in the GDP through remittances is substantial and their destination society, as well as to protect rights role in the country of origin’s development is central. and nurture ties with the country of origin. Besides economic contribution, the significance of human, social and cultural transfers is also deemed XX Institutional support for diaspora to be an able partner with governments to be ensured critical. The role of diaspora as an effective link or actor of change between communities within XX Co-development of tools for facilitation, re- countries of destination, and countries of origin, integration and retention of qualified diaspora was underlined (especially in international trade to be investigated; initiatives already taken in and business). Diaspora is crucial stakeholders this sense to be fully analysed; in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals XX Alternative engagements other than permanent and their engagement with policy makers for return also to be fully considered partnerships and policy dialogue is essential. An Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 28 on Migration Governance interesting observation on Indian diaspora women (Non-Resident Indians) and Persons of Indian revealed that 20 per cent of total Indian payment Origin. An online portal called Madad (meaning help agents are women who have built sophisticated in Hindi) has been set up to help them with issues financial companies and are active in trade. They such as property and marriage disputes and other also boost bilateral relations through trade by conflicts. A fund has also been created to help them getting goods from their country of origin. 2019 in this regard. A biennial celebratory event called has witnessed the launch of an EU Global Diaspora Pravasi Bhartiya Divas (Overseas Indian Day) is Facility. organized to acknowledge diaspora contributions from across the world and includes the Pravasi The European Union (EU) Global Diaspora Facility Bhartiya Samman Awards. Regional Pravasi Bhartiya is an EU-funded project running from June 2019 Divas are also celebrated. The ‘Know India’ program until December 2022 (implemented by ICMPD) that encourages youth to tour India and pilgrimages for aims to strengthen collaboration and engagement 45-60 year old diaspora are arranged. Schemes like between diaspora development organizations, ‘Skill India’, ‘Come and Make in India’ are avenues countries of origin and the EU. through which the diaspora is engaged and contributes to development initiatives in India. With an overall budget of €5 million, the project consists of four interlinking components: Mr. Bhavani Shankar CEO, Andhra Pradesh Non-Resident Resident a global mapping of diaspora engagement; Telegu Society (APNRT) targeted capacity building interventions for countries of origin and diaspora organizations; Mr. Bhavani Shankar, CEO, Andhra Pradesh Non- outreach and interaction through an online Resident Resident Telegu Society (APNRT) presented platform, diaspora consultations, meetings the experiences of non-resident Telegu migrants. The with countries of origin and EU Member States Government of Andhra Pradesh adopted a Migrant and the Annual EU Global Diaspora Forum, and Development Policy in 2017. Under this policy, mobilization of diaspora experts for development Migrant Resource Centers have been established to projects. provide amnesty and repatriation of immigrants and other services like informing about the requirements These parallel components will generate a of migration to other countries, as well as insurance. consolidated knowledge base on diaspora To give guidance to aspiring students, a scheme engagement practices, address the capacity (Vidya Vahini) has been established and proving to building needs and priorities of governments and be a milestone in gaining skill and employment. They diaspora organizations, strengthen and expand in return send remittances and investments, thus pre-existing networks, formalize diaspora-EU promoting integrated development. Also, the APNRT interaction and promote diasporas as development is in discussion with the incubators/accelerators actors. to create a global platform that would help Non- Mr. Abbagani Ramu Resident Telugus (from the state of Andhra Pradesh) Joint Secretary, to realize their innovation/ entrepreneurship in their Overseas Indian Affairs II country of domicile. The society has established a Ministry of External Affairs fund through contributions made by the diaspora, to develop smart villages, on the lines of smart cities. Mr. Abbagani Ramu, Joint Secretary, Overseas Indian Dr. Jonathan Portes Affairs II, Ministry of External Affairs expressed that interaction with well-settled Indian migrants in the King’s College UK EU, celebrating their success and re-connecting with Dr. Jonathan Portes, King’s College UK discussed the them will help in strengthening diaspora ties with contributions of Indians to destination economies, India. Globally, India’s diaspora community is the from a draft paper commissioned by ILO under the largest in the world: 31 million people comprising technical project supporting India EU CAMM. He of approximately 12 million Indian Passport holders shared the experience of the drivers and impact Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 29 of Indian immigration to the EU in two countries strong contributors to their host economies ranging and sectors: Information and Communication from formal and informal employment within the Technology in the Netherlands and the agricultural manufacturing, dairy, agricultural, livestock, and (specifically diary) sector in North Italy. Netherlands mechanical and biomedical engineering sectors. has a buoyant labour market with excess demand They faced challenges in terms of lack of information for medium and high skill workers, especially about admission, visa processes and gap between ‘knowledge workers’ and Indian migrants have met graduation and employment search. this demand. This has resulted in rapid industrial Ms Noack also shared good practices from EU growth and in general, continued demand from Member States and partner countries on attracting employers has further driven the migration stream. diaspora. Poland has a system that not only Dutch policy makers have undertaken attractive promotes cultural ties but also protects the rights of initiatives such as favorable tax concession for the Polish immigrants and provides for mentoring migrants and easy rules for dependents. of their students abroad and arranging short trips In Italy, push factors (economic and political to back home. Ireland has a very balanced policy turbulence in Punjab), and pull factors (labour in place, known as ‘Global Irish’ which provide demand) along with repeated regularization welfare services to their vulnerable citizens initiatives helping family reunion, have been (Emigrant Support Programme), that facilitate instrumental in promoting migration and mobility of outreach to their diaspora community, developing workers and their households. This process helped in better communication and information services mitigating insecurities of the native workers towards and facilitation of return of migrants (Safe Home migrants but integration and upward occupational Ireland). Georgia has started developing Legal and sectoral mobility remains a challenge. Steps Migration Guidelines for three frequent destination that need to be taken include matching demand and countries - Greece, Italy and Spain. They have supply, recognizing the need of both workers and engaged in focused group discussions, encouraging employers, and extending coverage and support to the engagement of youth and through supporting families and dependents. activities like Georgia’s Young and students or academic exchange programs between Ms. Marion Noack Member States. Policy Analyst at ICMPD Supporting migrants’ network, diaspora’s capacity Ms. Marion Noack, Policy Analyst at ICMPD, and policy development, guiding government presented observations and recommendations outreach and providing a conducive environment from three diaspora studies in Germany, Ireland for diaspora development were recognized as the and Italy (developed on behalf of ICMPD under main strategies by governments. An opportunity the technical project supporting India EU CAMM) in facilitating interactions between EU Member and best practices from EU Member States. The States and India on the return of qualified diaspora studies mainly highlighted diaspora’s contribution members was also shared. The suggested initiatives to destination and countries of origin, identifying on return could potentially include tools for re- migration patterns and channels, analyzing integration and retention, attraction and facilitation. integration characteristics and potential of Re-integration and retention program should diaspora organizations and their forms. The three include tailored advice, mentoring and counselling, key sectors that have recently (and continue to) entrepreneurship and start-up support, integration draw Indians to migrate to Ireland are education, instruments (education courses). It was emphasized healthcare, and entrepreneurship. The challenges that sustainable migration governance can only be faced are similar in terms of integration and sense undertaken through partnership with migrants and of belonging besides other practical problems of diaspora. housing, healthcare and lengthy visa processes. The composition and challenges of the Indian diaspora Recognizing the lack of expertise on diaspora in Italy were found to vary depending on the specific engagement and scholarship on basic data on region in question within Italy, but continue to be contribution of diaspora, Dr. Constantino Xavier Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 30 on Migration Governance concluded the session by underscoring the providing economic opportunities and promoting significance of strategic investments in bridging innovations. To understand the impact of policy this gap. Celebrating and connecting with Indian initiatives of diaspora engagement, a cost and diaspora are critical in pursuing India’s diplomatic benefit analysis of institution building (such as interest outside India. Singhvi Committee4 APNRT) model is considered important Limitations recommendations on developing models for of physical return of diaspora were also underscored diaspora to work in India, return to India and as diaspora gets more organized through various invest in India were also referred. Contributions of avenues to re-engage with the country of origin Goan and Keralite diaspora, like Andhra Pradesh such as short-term courses, capital investments and diaspora in their quest to become economic hubs, mid-range services. were highlighted in skilling out-bound migrants and

4 Singhvi Committee was a high level committee on the Indian diaspora set up by GOI in 2000 to develop a comprehensive report informing the Indian public of the achievements of the Indian diaspora, their problems and expectations from their mother country and proposing a new policy framework. More information available here Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 31

VII: EMERGING ISSUES FOR FUTURE DIALOGUE AND ACTION Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 32 on Migration Governance

VII: EMERGING ISSUES FOR FUTURE DIALOGUE AND ACTION

A. Overall B. Regular Migration

1. Ease of access to reliable migration data 1. New Visa Code is set to link processing of applications on non-EU country’s satisfactory a. Strengthen access and cross-sharing of cooperation on return and readmission of data between governments in a dynamic irregular migrants from February 2020 way

b. Enhance compatibility and comparability of 2. Longer duration of visa for high-skilled workers, data by addressing gaps in documentation especially Information Technology workers, and and varying terminologies their requirement of intra-EU mobility needs to be addressed c. Share data on labour projections (opportunities, focus sectors) and irregular 3. Reliable processing time for visa applications as migrants businesses work on stability and predictability.

2. Scope of policy on migration governance: 4. Grievance portals can be established for Adapting a multi-faceted policy approach that countries having social security agreements builds on existing initiatives and engages in a futuristic vision, which incorporates: 5. Alignment of qualifications, including language training and mutual recognition mechanisms a. Reflections on new forms of mobility such should be explored; lessons from European as start-ups, entrepreneurial ventures, Qualifications System can be shared small and medium scale enterprises

b. Concerted actions to reduce refusal of 6. Post study employment and stay needs to be entry or interception of Indian migrants at more flexible. Initial acquisition of professional EU borders, both at sea and land, due to experience through internships, apprenticeship lack of valid travel documents. and cooperation opportunities with industry could be a starting point. Reasons of high c. Sharing of good practices and mutual proportion of return of Indian students need to learning to streamline migration and be researched. mobility Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 33

7. Check whether existing visa and residence 8. Management of data to better inform schemes address the needs of the start-up policy makers and offer innovative policy ecosystem on both sides. There is need to recommendations. brainstorm whether innovative visa schemes can be developed. 9. Adopting standards of services to support quality checks is encouraged 8. Pilot projects that focus on offering legal channels to medium/low-skilled workers should 10. Maintain/develop reintegration and re-inclusion be explored. support programmes accompanying return processes. 9. More scholarships and funded research exchange schemes, academia internships could D. Migration and Development be rolled out. Dissemination of information to 1. Provide a conducive environment for diaspora the student community is crucial. engagement that will help strengthen the C. Irregular Migration diaspora’s ties with India and enhance investment and policy development. 1. Regular knowledge exchanges between EU institutions, European Member States, and 2. Invest in regular assessments to understand the Indian authorities should address gaps and profile of the diaspora in the respective country challenges related to the prevention and as well as their needs to build targeted support combat irregular migration and addressing and engagement programmes. unethical recruitment. agents. 3. Reconnect with well-established diaspora 2. Raising awareness to combat irregular and enhance partnerships with migrants immigration and diaspora through capacity building and empowerment of migrants’ networks. 3. Migrant Resource Centres to be established to carry out campaigns and assist with pre- 4. Enhance diaspora engagement through tools departure. Engagement at the community level assisting pre-departure, arrival and during the with local self-help groups, charity organisations stay, pre-return and return and panchayat / village leaders, educational 5. Provide targeted support to potential students and skill development to be initiated through pre-departure orientation, institutional 4. Devising incentives for voluntary return, and partnerships with destination countries or circular migration, and ethical recruitment scholarships, particular for potential students practices with constant monitoring of from disadvantaged regions of India. recruitment agencies and enhanced 6. Facilitate inter-governmental and non- prosecutions of irregular agents/ smugglers governmental partnerships to enhance diaspora 5. Improve consular and other on-site services to engagement and aid the integration process. facilitate education (informed decision-making), 7. Engage in knowledge exchange between the prevention and rescue of migrant workers in EU Member States and India on areas of shared exploitative situations. interest, such as diaspora communication and 6. Enhance cooperation between India and engagement strategies, support to vulnerable the EU (e.g. establishment of Standard communities, capacity building of diaspora Operating Procedures, standards of services, organizations and return of talent. comprehensive agreements) to identify, 8. Potential role of diaspora in trade and promote and facilitate the return of migrants; investments, though often overlooked, needs to counsellors dialogue to be developed. be investigated and calls for research in future.

7. A return team constituted at the country of 9. Facilitate job-orientation and gaining of work origin may take care of the requirements for experience for Indian students after graduation qualifying or approval of Emergency Certificates Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 34 on Migration Governance

VIII: PARTICIPANTS FEEDBACK AND SUGGESTIONS Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 35

VIII. PARTICIPANTS FEEDBACK AND SUGGESTIONS

While the organizing team received a low number Suggestions to the organizing team for future such of feedback forms, of those who submitted, events concentrated primarily on the design of the 80 per cent shared that they benefitted from meeting - focusing on less number of panelist and participating in the meeting. The top learning of more time for discussions and logistical arrangement, the participants included: (1) Indian government especially quality audio/video arrangements. initiatives on migration governance, especially diaspora engagement; and (2) Research on India-EU migration and lack of data on the topic. Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 36 on Migration Governance

IX: ANNEXURES Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 37

IX: ANNEXURES

1. Concept Note and Agenda Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance

10 July 2019 Silver Oak Hall, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi, India

Background by both sides and to facilitate the exploration of Based on common values, India and EU have a future possibilities for further cooperation on long standing relationship, of over fifty years, migration and mobility issues of mutual interest, covering several opportunities for cooperation including through relevant recommendations under ranging from environmental protection, sustainable the HLDMM. To that end, this seminar on migration energy solutions, trade and investment, defence, governance is conceptualised. migration and mobility. The first EU Summit took Objective place in 2000 and the EU-India Strategic Partnership The objective of this seminar is: was established in the fifth summit in 2004. More recently, the Joint Communication Elements of a XX Firstly, to understand and take stock of the renewed EU strategy on India was adopted on evolving views and efforts in Europe and India, 20 November (with Council conclusions adopted post-2017 HLDMM, on migration management, on 5 December) 2018 in Brussels noting Migration from the perspective of each side’s own practices, and Talent Mobility as opportunities for EU-India challenges, opportunities, and lessons learnt cooperation. Operationally, the latest High Level (regionally and globally) on regular migration Dialogue on Migration and Mobility (HLDMM) took (panel one), irregular migration (panel two), and diaspora engagement (panel three). place in April 2017 following the endorsement on 29 March 2016 by the Government of India and the XX Secondly, to offer the opportunity to EU and European Union of the India-EU Common Agenda GOI to further existing relationships and on Migration and Mobility (CAMM). synchronise their efforts in the governance of migration and mobility. The CAMM offers a mutually agreed upon framework for cooperation for deeper cooperation XX Thirdly, to put forward recommendations for and solid mutual engagement on migration. It potential convergence and collaboration. addresses four priority areas in a balanced manner: Expected Output better organised regular migration and the Information shared during the course of the three fostering well-managed mobility; preventing and panel discussions is expected to be summarised in combating irregular migration and addressing the form of a set of mutually agreeable conclusions/ trafficking in human beings; maximising the priorities that may then form the basis of both sides development impact of migration and mobility preparation for the next HLDMM. and the promotion of international protection. Methodology One of the key components of the CAMM calls for Following introductory remarks, four panels are the “exchange of good practices and [to] explore foreseen over the course of the day. The first panel possibilities for concrete cooperation, make policy will set the context through a short presentation of recommendations and develop actions in the four the technical project as well as trends of migration priority areas”. The technical project supporting and mobility along the corridor. Presenters from the the India-EU CAMM has been tasked to undertake Indian government and the EU institutions will share activities on areas of mutual interest, as identified Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 38 on Migration Governance their respective approaches and achievements on Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, and Ministry of migration management during the following three Labour – as well as other GoI authorities upon session. Focus will be paid to recent developments MEA’s advice) and EU institutions (DG HOME, DG in: regular mobility avenues (such as the facilitation DEVCO, European External Action Service (EEAS)) of the skilled labour and student/researcher and agencies (European Border and Coast Guard mobility, the ICT Directive, the New Visa Code, as Agency). well as the findings of the EU’s ‘Fitness Check’ on the A select group of experts will be asked to Legal Migration Directives) and efforts to combat complement the perspectives of the two irregular patterns of migration with a focus on governments by offering technical and academic the fight against migrant smuggling, cooperation input on recent trends in the labour market, skills on return and readmission. The last panel will focus shortages, border reinforcements and diaspora on migration and development, with emphasis platforms. Relevant representatives from other on diaspora engagement (how national and local international organisations, private sector, social authorities empower diaspora groups to act as partners, academics, and civil society will also be bridges for political and economic connectivity). A invited to attend. closing session will offer concluding remarks for the event. The meeting will be hosted by the International Participants Labour Organisation (ILO), the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) and with The seminar will gather a maximum of 100 the support of the India Centre for Migration (ICM). participants. Speakers will include representatives of the Government of India (Ministry of External

10:00 -10:30 Registration/Coffee 10:30: 11:20 Opening Remarks:

• Mr. Vinod K Jacob, Joint Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India

• Mr. Tomasz Kozlowski, Ambassador of the European Union to India and

Inaugural Address:

• Ms. Paraskevi Michou, Director General, DG- Home Affairs, European Commission and

• Mr. Sanjiv Arora, Secretary CPV & OIA Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India

Launch of Handbook for Integration of Indians in Italy and Student Checklist

11:20 -11:45 Tea 11:45 -12:15 Setting the context

• Presentation on India-EU migration flows and trends and migration and mobility dialogues –Dr. Meera Sethi and Dr. Deoblina Kundu, Associate Professor, NIUA

• Presentation on future trends of migration affecting India and EU - Dr. TLS Bhaskar, Chief Administrative Officer, India Centre for Migration

• Overview of Various Dimensions of India-EU Migration, Dr. Rupa Chanda, Professor, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore

• India-EU technical project - Ms. Seeta Sharma, Technical Officer ILO, Mr. Naozad Hodiwala, Project Manager ICMPD Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 39

12:15 -13:30 Session 1: Regular Migration & Well-Managed Mobility

Moderator: Dr. Gulshan Sachdeva, Professor Jawahalal Nehru University

Speakers:

XX Perspectives from the EU

• EU legal migration as part of comprehensive migration policy – Ms. Maria Madrid, International Relations Officer, International Coordination Unit, DG Home Affairs, European Commission

• Erasmus+ and Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions and other Initiatives to attract students Mr. Thibault Devanlay, Counsellor- Political Affairs European Union Delegation

XX Perspectives from the Indian government

• Initiatives in Skilling and Certifications, Mr. B.K. Sikdar, Director, Ministry of Skills Development and Entrepreneurship, GOI

• Mutual recognition of academic qualification and issues pertaining to post-study employment opportunities Dr N. Saravana Kumar, Joint Secretary, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resources and Development, -GOI

• Functioning of social security agreements – Dr. V.P Singh, Additional Central PF Commissioner –HQ, Employers’ Provident Fund Organization, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India

XX Perspectives from experts - Opportunities for strengthening regular migration and mobility

• Issues regarding visa work/residence permit –Mr. Gagan Sabharwal, Senior Director, Global Trade Development, National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM)

• Feedback from Talent Mobility seminar – perspectives from EU and Indian private sector– Ms. Seeta Sharma, Technical Officer, International Labour Organization

Q&A – 10 min 13:30-14.30 Lunch

14.30 -15.45 Session 2: Initiatives to Prevent and Tackle Irregular Migration

Moderator: Mr. Martijn Pluim, Director, Migration Dialogues and Cooperation, International Centre for Migration Policy Development

XX Perspectives from Government -Initiatives on how India and the EU are preventing irregular migration, cooperating on return and tackling migrant smuggling – associated challenges and opportunities

• Ms. Maria Madrid, International Relations Officer, International Coordination Unit, DG Home Affairs, European Commission

• Perspectives from GOI - Mr. Amrit Lugun, PGE, MEA,GoI

• Representative of UK High Commission – Ms. Maschell Wellington, Head of Migration, & Radhika Sunger, Migration Policy Officer, British High Commission New Delhi Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 40 on Migration Governance

• Experience sharing by state governments –Mr. Dinesh Ponraj Oliver, IAS – Overseas Manpower Corporation Limited, Government of Tamil Nadu

XX Perspectives from experts- Good practices in relation to prevention of irregular migration and return-

• Best practices and challenges in relation to return - Mr. Sarat Dash, Chief of Mission for Sri Lanka and Maldives, IOM

• Reintegration of Indians from Europe - tbc

Q & A - 10 min

15:45 -16:05 Tea 16:05 -17:15 Session 3: Maximizing the development impact of migration and mobility

Moderator: Dr. Constantino Xavier, Fellow, Brookings India

XX Perspectives from EU

• Supporting diaspora networks and Integration measures within the EU - Cecilia Costa, Cooperation Manager, European Union Delegation in India

XX Perspectives from GOI:

• Initiatives for diaspora engagement – Mr. Abbagani Ramu, Joint Secretary, Overseas Indian Affairs –II, Ministry of External Affairs, GOI

• Experiences from states – Mr. Bhavani Sankar Kodali, CEO – APNRT, Government of Andhra Pradesh (tbc)

XX Perspectives from Experts – Empowering diaspora to be the future bridges of investment, education and Innovation

• Contributions of Indians to destination economies – Dr. Jonathan Portes, Professor Economics and , King’s College UK

• EUMS best practices - Observations and Recommendations from Diaspora Studies in Germany, and Ireland - Ms. Marion Noack, Policy Analyst, ICMPD

Q & A – 10 min

17:15-17:30 Closing Remarks

XX Mr. Benoit Sauveroche, First Counsellor - Migration and Home Affairs, Delegation of the European Union to India

XX Dr. Shashank Vikram, Director, Overseas Indian Affairs - I, Ministry of External Affairs, GOI Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 41

2. List of Participants Government of India

S.No Name of Participant Designation Organization

1 Mr Sanjiv Arora Secretary CPV&OIA, Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) 2 Mr Vinod K Jacob Joint Secretary OIA-1, MEA 3 Dr Shashant Vikram Director MEA 4 Ms Ankita Mittal Director OIA-II MEA 5 Dr V P Singh Additional Central P.F. Employees' Provident Fund Organisation Commissioner (EPFO), Ministry of Labour and Employment (MOLE) 6 Dr N Saravana Kumar Joint Secretary Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) 7 Mr B K Sikdar Director Ministry of Skill Development And Entrepreneurship (MSDE) 8 Mr K Bhavani Sankar CEO Andhra Pradesh Non-Resident Telugu Society (AP NRT) 9 Mr Dinesh Ponraj Oliver Director Overseas Manpower Corporation Ltd (OMCL) 10 Mr Abbagani Ramu Joint secretary OIA-II MEA 11 Mr Amit Lagun AS (OE) & PGE PGE, MEA 12 Mr Nishikant Singh Under Secretary OIA-1 MEA- OIA-1 13 Mr S K Jha Regional PF Commissioner EPFO 14 Mr Sameer Kumar EPFO 15 Ms T Ajungla Jamir Director MEA 16 Ms Paloma Sengupta Consultant MSDE 17 Dr K V Swamy General Manager Overseas Manpower Company of Andhra Pradesh (OMCAP) 18 Ms Naga Bharthi General Manager Telangana Overseas Manpower Company (TOMCOM) 19 Mr Ajith Kolassery Recruitment Manager Department of Non Resident Keralites Affairs (NORKA) 20 Mr Suyash Chavan (IFS) MEA 21 Ms Shivani Gupta IFS MEA 22 Mr Naveen Choudhary IFS MEA 23 Mr Sowmiya IFS MEA 24 Mr Bharat Yadav IFS MEA 25 Mr Dhruv Mishra IFS MEA 26 Mr Utpal Sannyashi IFS MEA 27 Mr Rahul Bhat IFS MEA 28 Mr Utkarsh Duggal IFS MEA 29 Ms Megha Arora IFS MEA 30 Mr Phmpa Tseing IFS MEA 31 Mr Mayank Goel IFS MEA Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 42 on Migration Governance

32 Ms Anumeha yadav IFS MEA 33 Mr Benson IFS MEA 34 Mr Muhammed Shabeer K IFS MEA 35 Mr Himanshu Sagar IFS MEA 36 Ms Risha Oberoi IFS MEA 37 Mr Deepanshu Khurana IFS MEA 38 Mr Harveer Singh IFS MEA 39 Ms Sanjana Arya IFS MEA 40 Ms Swetha M IFS MEA 41 Mr Ashok Kumar IFS MEA 42 Ms Shivani Jhirwal IFS MEA 43 Mr Tejas Pagar IFS MEA 44 Mr Navodit Verma IFS MEA 45 Mr saurabh Sabhlok IFS MEA 46 Mr Basist Nandan IFS MEA 47 Ms Saranya V S IFS MEA 48 Dr Ketan Baliram Patil Punjab Police Police

European Union/ Member States

S.No Name of Participant Designation Organization 49 Ms Paraskevi Michou Director General DG HOME – European Commission co-Chair 50 H.E. Tomasz Kozlowski Ambassador of the European European Commission Union to India 51 Ms Silvena Pesta Deputy Head of Unit – European Commission International Coordination – DG HOME 52 Ms Maria Madrid Desk officer for India, DG European Commission HOME 53 Mr Benoît Sauveroche First Counsellor-Migration and Delegation of the European Union to India Home Affairs 54 Mr Thibault Devanlay Counsellor European Union Delegation 55 Ms Cecilie Costa Cooperation Manager Delegation of the European Union to India 56 Ms Maschell Wellington Head of Migration, British High British High Commission Commission in New Delhi 57 Ms Radhika Senger Migration Policy Officer British High Commission 58 Ms Gauri Sharma Press and Information officer EU Delegation 59 H.E. HOVORKA Ambassador Embassy of Czech 60 Mr Jesus Lucas Diaz Carazo In-charge of Consular Affairs Embassy of Spain 61 Ms Liisa Uschanov-Eskelinen Team Leader Embassy of Finland 62 Mr Pietro Sferra Carini Deputy Embassy of Italy 63 Ms Emer Davis Immigration and Visa Section Embassy of Ireland Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices on Migration Governance 43

64 Mr Manuel Oberhofer Attache Embassy of Austria 65 Ms Elena Lange Bratanova People & Culture Lead Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community (BMI) of Germany 66 Mr Reich Ronja EU-MS 67 Mr Eduard Hock Embassy of Germany 68 Mr Baetens Alain First Secretary Embassy of Belgium 69 Ms Zuzuna Mezencevova Embassy of Slovakia 70 Ms Jan Thompson Deputy High Commissioner British High Commission 71 Mr Harry Booty Regional Communications British High Commission Manager 72 Mr Jakub Zaczek Second Secretary, Vice Consul Embassy of Poland 73 Ms Mika Ney Embassy of Germany 74 Ms Chiora Petracea Head of Press and Cultural Embassy of Italy Affairs 75 Mr Karoly Sardi Director Embassy of Hungary

Think tanks

S.No Name of Participant Designation Organization 76 Dr Deoblina Kundu Associate Professor NIUA 77 Dr Rupa Chanda Professor IIM, Bangalore 78 Dr Gulshan Sachdeva Professor Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) 79 Dr Constantino Xavier Fellow Brookings India 80 Dr Jonathan Portes Professor King's College 81 Prof Anisur Rahman Professor and Director UGC Jamia Millia Islamia University HRD centre 82 Mr Wasim Ahmed Researcher Jamia Millia Islamia University 83 Dr Sebastian Irudaya Rajan Professor CDS 84 Mr Sadanandan Sahoo Professor IGNOU 85 Dr Naresh Kumar Professor Gujarat Central University 86 Dr Amit Kumar Mishra Professor Ambedkar University 87 Dr Amarjiva Lochan Professor Delhi University 88 Dr Priya Vijaykumar Poojary Professor Manipal University 89 Dr Javeria Maryam Senior Research Fellow IITF 90 Dr Arpita Mukharjee Professor ICRIER 91 Ms Anjana P Sarma Researcher ICRIER 92 Ms Surabhi Singh Researcher ICWA 93 Mr Arvind Pandey Assistant Professor NIUA 94 Mr Vijay K Soni Professor IGNOU 95 Prof Seema Sharma Professor Delhi University 96 Prof Arnab Bose Professor JGU 97 Ms Baishali Lahiri Researcher NIUA Seminar on Sharing of Good Practices 44 on Migration Governance

UN and other organizations

S.No Name of Participant Designation Organization

98 Mr Kiran SN Director –HCL technologies HCL

99 Mr Gagan Sabharwal Senior Director Global trade NASSCOM Development

100 Ms Parisha Singh Deputy Director FICCI

101 Mr Sanjeev Kumar Business Head Ecentric Solutions ltd

102 Ms Vandana Orient Craft Ltd (OCL)

103 Ms Mungreiphy Shimray Manager CARITAS India

104 Mr Sumit Dhiman Senior Program Officer CARITAS

105 Mr Alok Kumar Gupta Reporter D.D News

106 Mr Anand Kashyap Reporter D.D News

107 Mr Sarat Dash Chief of Mission IOM

108 Dr Meera Sethi Independent Consultant Independent Consultant

109 Mr Martijn Pluim Director, Migration Dialogues ICMPD and Cooperation

110 Mr Naozad Hodiwala Project Manager ICMPD

111 Ms Marion Noack Policy Analyst ICMPD

112 Ms Sedef Dearing Senior Regional Adviser ICMPD

113 Ms Seeta Sharma Technical Officer ILO

114 Ms Pallavi Mansingh National Project officer ILO

115 Ms Harpreet Bhullar National Project officer ILO

116 Mr Sabarinath Nair Specialist Migration ILO

117 Ms Sudipta Bhadra National Programme Officer ILO

118 Ms Shruti Rane Research and Administrative ILO Assistant

119 Ms Ruchira Chandra Programme Officer ILO

120 Mr Alwyn Lobo Communication Assistant ILO

121 Mr P Buwembo Specialist Statistician ILO

122 Dr TLS Bhaskar Chief Administrative Officer ICM

123 Ms Hiral Upadhyay Intern ICM

124 Ms Ojasvi goyal Intern ICM

125 Mr Aman Singh Intern ICM

126 Ms Preeti Gulati Programme Management UN Women Specialist

127 Ms Harjot Kaur Senior Social Development World Bank Specialist

128 Mr Juan Pablo Programme Specialist UNESCO

129 Mr K K Roy Chowdhury Independent Consultant

130 T Goyal