DOCSLIB.ORG

THE PROCEEDINGS the South Carolina Historical Association 2010

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE PROCEEDINGS the South Carolina Historical Association 2010 THE PROCEEDINGS of The South Carolina Historical Association 2010 THE PROCEEDINGS of The South Carolina Historical Association 2010 Robert Figueira and Stephen Lowe Editors The South Carolina Historical Association South Carolina Department of Archives and History Columbia, South Carolina www.palmettohistory.org/scha/scha.htm © South Carolina Historical Association Officers of the Association President: Andrew Myers, University of South Carolina Upstate Vice President: Kevin Witherspoon, Lander University Secretary: Lars Seiler, Spring Valley High School Treasurer: Rodger Stroup, South Carolina Department of Archives and History (emeritus) Executive and Editorial Board Members J. Tracy Power, South Carolina Department of Archives and History (2010) W. Eric Emerson, Charleston Library Society (2011) Vernon Burton, Coastal Carolina University (2012) Robert C. Figueira, Lander University, editor Stephen Lowe, University of South Carolina Union, editor Officers of the Association Membership Application The SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION is an organization that furthers the teaching and understanding of history. The only requirement for membership is an interest in and a love for history. At the annual meeting papers on European, Asian, U.S., Southern, and South Carolina history are routinely presented. Papers presented at the annual meeting may be published in The Proceedings, a refereed journal. Membership benefits include: a subscription toThe Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association, notification of the annual meeting, the right to submit a pro- posal for a paper for presentation at the annual meeting, the SCHA Newsletter, and the annual membership roster of the Association. SCHA membership is from 1 January to 31 December. Student members must currently be enrolled in school. Regular members are those who are employed or are actively seeking employment. Life members are ten-year members of the or- ganization who have retired. To renew or join, please return this application with your check to: Rodger Stroup, Treasurer SCHA, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 8301 Parklane Road, Columbia SC 29223 Telephone: (803) 896-6185; Fax: (803) 896-6186; E-mail: [email protected] Membership category (check one): Name and title (please print) ❑ Student ($10) Address ❑ Regular ($20) ❑ Life member City, state, and zip code Membership status (check one:) ❑ Renewal ❑ Phone/Institutional affiliation New E-mail address Area(s) of interest Editors’ Notes The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association is a refereed journal contain- ing selected papers presented at the annual meeting. The editors and the other members of the Executive Board serve as the editorial committee, which is assisted by external reviewers chosen for their expertise. The opinions expressed in this journal represent the views only of the individual contributors; they do not reflect the views of the co-editors, other members of the editorial committee, or the South Carolina Historical Association. The South Carolina Historical Association asserts its copyright to the contents of this journal. The editors are especially indebted to those colleagues who reviewed papers for publication. Their comments and suggestions have greatly improved the quality of the papers presented here. Reviewers for the 2010 volume were: Joel Cleland, Lander University (emeritus) Avery Fouts, University of South Carolina Union Anita Gustafson, Presbyterian College Carmen V. Harris, University of South Carolina Upstate Richard Heiser, Presbyterian College Tom Pitts, Lander University W. Scott Poole, College of Charleston William Ramsey, Lander University Jessica Stern, California State University, Fullerton The editors wish to thank the authors whose papers are published here for their cooperation in revising their oral presentations and their written submissions. As has been the case often in the past, the assistance of Rodger Stroup and the South Carolina Department of Archives and History has been crucial in the production of this volume. Finally, very special thanks must be accorded to Judy Andrews for copy preparation and copyediting. Her speedy, careful, and judicious work in this capacity has once again greatly enhanced this volume. Contents The Age of Lincoln: Then and Now. ..7 Orville Vernon Burton, Coastal Carolina University Painting What Cannot Be Painted: Pieter Brueghel’s Silent Opinion. .. 23 David Basinger, Bob Jones University To “Vomit his Fury and Malice”: English Fears and Spanish Influences in the Exploration and Establishment of Carolina through 1670 . .31 Timothy P. Grady, University of South Carolina Upstate Origins and Development of College Football in South Carolina, 1889-1930 . .. 43 Fritz Hamer, South Carolina State Museum Beaufort and Louvain: Public Reaction to Library Destruction during the American Civil War and the World Wars. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57 Roger K. Hux, Francis Marion University “A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing”: Attitudes Toward Popular Literacy in Sixteenth-Century England.. 67 Carol A. Loar, University of South Carolina Upstate Confessionalization and the Creedal Tradition. 79 Lincoln Mullen, Brandeis University “We Are Marching to Zion”: Zion Church and the Distinctive Work of Presbyterian Slave Missionaries in Charleston, South Carolina, 1849–1874 .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 91 Otis Westbrook Pickett, University of Mississippi “Educational Opportunities for African Americans in the South Carolina Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942”. .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105 Robert Waller, Clemson University, Emeritus Minutes of the Seventy-seventh Annual Meeting. .. .. 117 7 The Age of Lincoln: Then and Now Orville Vernon Burton ou are forewarned that you are listening to the interpretation of an academic Ywhose judgment led him to study the American South and teach at the University of Illinois for thirty-four years, became a Lincoln scholar, and now teaches at Coastal Carolina University in South Carolina. Before talking about my book, The Age of Lincoln, I would like to suggest you take a look at a website (http://TheAgeofLincoln.com) where I have tried marrying the Internet with the book providing more extensive notes and discussions. The website also has Internet links to many of the sources in the notes. I was inspired to include the primary documents upon which The Age of Lincoln’s interpretation is based when Dr. James McPherson, my thesis advisor (who was, as usual, gracious enough to read the manuscript), questioned me on my interpretation of Jefferson Davis’ response to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. I argue very differently than most historians who make the case that Jefferson Davis expressed regret about Lincoln’s assassination. In my response to Jim McPherson, I photocopied the testimony of Lewis F. Bates, at whose home in Charlotte, North Carolina, Davis was staying on 19 April when he learned of Booth’s success. Bates testified in May 1865 at the trial of the Lincoln murder conspirators that Davis loosely quoted from Shakespeare’s Macbeth, “if it were to be done at all, it were better that it were well done.”—meaning that the conspirators should have completed their goal of also killing Vice President Andrew Johnson, Secretary of State William Seward, and War Secretary Edwin Stanton. Since Jim had not seen this testimony, I decided to put all sources that were available in the public domain on the website. The AgeofLincoln.com website contains excerpts from the book, extensive documentation, historiographical discussions, explorations of where I agree and disagree with other historians, sources, a discussion board, instruction regarding how to email me, and the assurance that I will respond! I want the website to be useful to teachers so that they can help students learn historical thinking, particularly how historians, or at least one historian, frame historical problems, how historians use evidence, and how historians produce a historical narrative. I hope the website makes this process as transparent as possible. I also have hopes that the website will engage an expanding generation of younger folks at home on the Internet. Perhaps it will stimulate interest in learning the joys of reading a book. Already Lincoln is the most written about American and, on the world scene, is behind only Jesus and Shakespeare; if the number of books I have been asked to The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association 1 8 review on Lincoln in the last two years is an indication, Shakespeare has concern for his second place ranking. Thus, I am often asked, what is different about my book, The Age of Lincoln? The Age of Lincoln is comprehensive and interpretive, and I cannot cover everything. But I thought you might enjoy hearing about five topics where I have made what are either new arguments or done something different than most scholars of the Civil War era. Thus, while I will not be able to develop these areas in any detail, I hope it will give you something to think about. And I would like to conclude with some remarks relevant to race and today. First, I was interested in Lincoln’s legacy, and in an answer to a question, I will rephrase from one of President Bill Clinton’s more infamous lines. Rather than worrying what the meaning of “is” is, I am interested in what the meaning of “us” is. Lincoln is about us, who we are. In the 13 April 2009 edition of Newsweek, editor Jon
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PRECONCILIAR VOTA and THEIR BACKGROUND 1. The
    CHAPTER ONE PRECONCILIAR VOTA AND THEIR BACKGROUND 1. Th e Antepreparatory Vota Post recitationem epistulae ex parte Commissionis Antepraeparatoriae Concilii receptae, E. Decanus instanter petit ut singuli professores suas de rebus in Concilio propositiones notam faciant.1 Th ese words are to be found in the report of the Faculty Council meeting of Leuven’s Faculty of Th eology and Canon Law dated October 9, 1959. While it may appear to have little signifi cance, it serves nevertheless as an interesting point of departure for our study of the preparatory phases of Vatican II. A closer examination of the notes taken on the occasion by dean Joseph Coppens2 reveals that a circular letter from Cardinal Domenico Tardini3 had apparently been addressed to the rectors of the Catholic universities. Leuven’s rector van Waeyenbergh4 did little more than pass the letter—which invited the theological faculties of the Roman Catholic universities to make their wishes known to the Antepre- paratory Conciliar Commission5—on to the dean of the Th eology 1 CSVII ASFT, 1957–62, p. 44. 2 Joseph Coppens (1896–1981), priest of the diocese of Ghent, professor of Biblical Exegesis at the Leuven Th eological Faculty and dean of the Faculty. See Gustave ils,Th et al., ‘In Memoriam Monseigneur J. Coppens, 1896–1981,’ ETL 57 (1981), 227–340. 3 Domenico Tardini (1888–1961), Italian cardinal, appointed Vatican Secretary of State in 1958, and thus responsible for Extroardinary Ecclesiastical Aff airs. Tardini sent the circular letter as president of the Antepreparatory Commission. See Vincenzo Carbone, ‘Il cardinale Tardini e la preparazione del Concilio Vaticano II,’ RSCI 45 (1991), 42–88.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhe2009-3-4/Art4-Schelkens/ Eti 856 the Louvain Faculty of Theology 857 the Decades Before Vatican II
    Tilburg University The Louvain Faculty of Theology and the Modern(ist) Heritage. Reconciling History and Theology Schelkens, Karim Published in: Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique DOI: https://doi.org/10.1484/J.RHE.3.218 Publication date: 2009 Document Version Version created as part of publication process; publisher's layout; not normally made publicly available Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Schelkens, K. (2009). The Louvain Faculty of Theology and the Modern(ist) Heritage. Reconciling History and Theology. Revue d’Histoire Ecclésiastique, 104(3-4), 856-891. https://doi.org/10.1484/J.RHE.3.218 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. sep. 2021 THE LOUVAIN FACULTY OF THEOLOGY AND THE MODERN(IST) HERITAGE RECONCILING HISTORY AND THEOLOGY Introduction In his 1992 studyon the vota prepared bythe Louvain theological facultyin view of the Second Vatican Council, Mathijs Lamberigts has shown that these preconciliar vota deal with a significant variety of themes.
    [Show full text]
  • Ps 109:30A) the Contribution of Leuven Biblical Scholarship to the Field in the Past Fifty Years and the Future of Biblical Studies in Light of Psalm 109 Ma
    Louvain Studies 42 (2019): 365-395 doi: 10.2143/LS.42.4.3287164 © 2019 by Louvain Studies, all rights reserved “With my mouth I will give thanks...” (Ps 109:30a) The Contribution of Leuven Biblical Scholarship to the Field in the Past Fifty Years and the Future of Biblical Studies in Light of Psalm 109 Ma. Maricel S. Ibita Introduction My heartfelt thanks to the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies (FTRS) of the KU Leuven for the invitation to give this lecture from the part of the Research Unit Biblical Studies (RUBS) on the occasion of the golden jubilee of the International Programmes in English.1 My gratitude also to the Ateneo de Manila University for the research leave grant to prepare for this lecture and its publication. While my initial excitement in drafting this piece was almost dampened by the enor- mity of the task to reflect on the future of biblical studies, it was replaced by a deep gratitude for the contributions of the KU Leuven to my own personal, academic and professional formation. Within the limited time and space, I apologize for any oversight as I paint in broad strokes the unique contributions and influences of our research unit to the greater field of global biblical studies, the current challenges for biblical research, and the possible trajectories for biblical criticism, with Psalm 109 as a test case as it talks about an ‘unsilent’ mouth (109:1), evil mouths (109:2), and praising mouth (109:30). The mouth here serves as a synecdoche, that is, with a generalizing and integrative function,2 for the whole person.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographie Nationale
    BIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE PUBLIÉE PAR L'ACADÉMIE ROYALE DES SCIENCES, DES LETTRES ET DES BEAUX-ARTS^ DE BELGIQUE TOME QUARANTE-ET-UNIÈME SUPPLÉMENT TOME XIII (FASCICULE 1") ABBELOOS — JOASSART BRUXELLES ÉTABLISSEMENTS EMILE BRUYLANT Société anonyme d'éditions juridiques et scientifiques RUE DE LA RÉGENCE, 67 I 1979 ι BIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE BIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE PUBLIÉE PAR L'ACADÉMIE ROYALE DES SCIENCES, DES LETTRES ET DES BEAUX-ARTS DE BELGIQUE TOME QUARANTE-ET-UNIÈME SUPPLÉMENT er TOME XIII (FASCICULE 1 ) ABBELOOS — JOASSART BRUXELLES ÉTABLISSEMENTS EMILE BRUYLANT Société anonyme d'éditions juridiques et scientifiques RUE DE LA RÉGENCE, 67 1979 Les opinions exprimées dans les notices n'engagent que leurs auteurs. A ABBELOOS (Jean-Baptiste), prê- dans la lutte scolaire qui a marqué tre du diocèse de Malines et orienta- l'histoire de notre pays à cette épo- liste, recteur de l'Université Catholi- que et devint, en 1883, vicaire géné- que de Louvain, né à Gooik le 15 jan- ral de l'archevêché de Malines. Nommé vier 1836, décédé à Louvain, le 25 fé- recteur de l'Université Catholique de vrier 1906. Louvain le 10 février 1887, il s'acquitta Issu de la bourgeoisie rurale du de cette tâche jusqu'à son éméritat Brabant flamand, il fut l'élève du c'est-à-dire jusqu'au 1er octobre 1898. Petit Séminaire, puis du Grand Sémi- Il faisait partie de la Société asiatique naire de Malines avant d'aller étudier de Paris. Il était prélat, avec le titre la théologie à Louvain puis à Rome. de protonotaire apostolique ad instar A l'Université de Louvain, il avait parlicipantium, et chanoine honoraire appris le syriaque avec J.-B.
    [Show full text]
  • The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine
    THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL M AGAZINE PUBLISHED Q UARTERLY BY THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETY CHARLESTON, S. C. EDITEDY B A.. S SALLEY, JR., SECRETARY A ND TREASURER OF THE SOCIETY. VOLUME I I. Printed f or the Society by THE WALKER. EVANS & COGSWELL CO., Charleston, S. C. I90I. OFFICERS OFHE T South C arolina Historical Society President, G en. Edwakd McChauy. 1st V ice-President, Hon. Joseph W. Barnwell. %nd V 'u-e- President, Col. Zimmerman Davis. 3rd V ice • President , Henry A. M. Smith, Esy. -i-th V ice-President, Hon. F. H. Weston. Secretary a nd Treasurer and Librarian, A. S. Salley, Jr. Curators : Langdon C heves, D.. E IIuger Smith, S. P rioleai: Ravenel, Theodore I). Jervey, Charles. W Kollock, M. D. Rev. C. S. Vedder, I). D., Rev. John Johnson, D. D. Rev. Robkrt Wilson, D D. Boardf o Managers. kAll o the korkgoino offioeks. Publication Committee. Joseph. W Barnwell, Henry. A M. Smith, A.. S Salley, Jr, THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL M AGAZINE PUBLISHED Q UARTERLY BY THE SOUTH C AROLINA HISTORICAL SOCIETY CHARLESTON, S. C. VOL.I— I NO. 1. JANUARY. lQOl. Entered a t the Postoffice at Charleston, S. C, as Second-class Matter. Printed f or (he Society by THE WALkER. EVANS & COGSWELL CO., Charleston, S. C 1901. .Joseph W Barnwell, Henry A. M. Smith, A. S S alley, Jr. EDITORF O THE MAGAZINE. A. S. S.vi.i.kv. .Ik. CONTENTS fPapers o the First Council of Safety 3 The M ission of Col.
    [Show full text]
  • H. Doc. 108-222
    34 Biographical Directory DELEGATES IN THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS CONNECTICUT Dates of Attendance Andrew Adams............................ 1778 Benjamin Huntington................ 1780, Joseph Spencer ........................... 1779 Joseph P. Cooke ............... 1784–1785, 1782–1783, 1788 Jonathan Sturges........................ 1786 1787–1788 Samuel Huntington ................... 1776, James Wadsworth....................... 1784 Silas Deane ....................... 1774–1776 1778–1781, 1783 Jeremiah Wadsworth.................. 1788 Eliphalet Dyer.................. 1774–1779, William S. Johnson........... 1785–1787 William Williams .............. 1776–1777 1782–1783 Richard Law............ 1777, 1781–1782 Oliver Wolcott .................. 1776–1778, Pierpont Edwards ....................... 1788 Stephen M. Mitchell ......... 1785–1788 1780–1783 Oliver Ellsworth................ 1778–1783 Jesse Root.......................... 1778–1782 Titus Hosmer .............................. 1778 Roger Sherman ....... 1774–1781, 1784 Delegates Who Did Not Attend and Dates of Election John Canfield .............................. 1786 William Hillhouse............. 1783, 1785 Joseph Trumbull......................... 1774 Charles C. Chandler................... 1784 William Pitkin............................. 1784 Erastus Wolcott ...... 1774, 1787, 1788 John Chester..................... 1787, 1788 Jedediah Strong...... 1782, 1783, 1784 James Hillhouse ............... 1786, 1788 John Treadwell ....... 1784, 1785, 1787 DELAWARE Dates of Attendance Gunning Bedford,
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Sumter Visitor Education Center Exhibit Text
    Fort Sumter Visitor Education Center Liberty Square Charleston, SC Exhibit Text February 2002 What brought the Nation to civil war at Fort Sumter? When the Civil War finally exploded in Charleston Harbor, it was the result of a half-century of growing sectionalism. Escalating crises over property rights, human rights, states rights and constitutional rights divided the country as it expanded westward. Underlying all the economic, social and political rhetoric was the volatile question of slavery. Because its economic life had long depended on enslaved labor, South Carolina was the first state to secede when this way of life was threatened. Confederate forces fired the first shot in South Carolina. The federal government responded with force. Decades of compromise were over. The very nature of the Union was at stake. 2 • Colonial Roots of the Conflict, p.3 • Ambiguities of the Constitution, p.6 • Antebellum United States, p.11 • Charleston In 1860, p.16 • South Carolina Declares Its Independence, p.19 • Fort Sumter -Countdown to Conflict, p.24 • Major Anderson's Garrison Flag, p.28 • Fort Sumter Today, p.29 Colonial Roots of the Conflict Regional differences began early Every freeman of Carolina shall have absolute power and authority over his negro slaves. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, 21 July 1669 Carolina looks more like a negro country than like a country settled by white people. Samuel Dysli, Swiss newcomer, 1737 Charles Town, the principal one in this province, is a polite, agreeable place. The people live very Gentile and very much in the English taste. Eliza Lucas (Pinckney), 1740 This town makes a most beautiful appearance as you come up to it..
    [Show full text]
  • 45Eguide 2019
    e 45 GUIDE 2019 - 2020 des services et commerces de Louvain-la-Neuve et environs OUVERT LE VENDREDI JUSQU’À 21H COUPONS-PROMOMartin’s Agora en ouvrant votre guide 2019 - 2020 2019 - Rue des Wallons un jour de braderie des commerces et servicesdes commerces et environs de Louvain-la-Neuve GUIDE e 45 128 Boutiques lesplanade-shopping.be Louvain-la-Neuve E411, sortie 8a Association des Habitants de Louvain-la-Neuve – Scavée du Biéreau, 3 – 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve – www.ahlln.be – T. : 010 45 29 12 – [email protected] 085_VisuGEN-Commerce_2019_160x240.indd 1 21/06/19 19:07 Titres-Services & Co POUR VOTRE MAISON Assistance ménagère TITRES-SERVICES Lavage de vitres TITRES-SERVICES POUR VOTRE LINGE Repassage TITRES-SERVICES Travaux de couture TITRES-SERVICES NOUVEAU SERVICE PRESSING Nettoyage à sec Blanchisserie POUR VOS TRAVAUX Peinture intérieure et extérieure Jardinage et entretien Plomberie et bricolage Dépannages WWW.MIKAZA.EU Ce guide est réalisé par l’Association des Habitants de LLN Urgences ZONE DE SECOURS DU BRABANT WALLON 100 ou 010/45 34 34 POLICE Urgences: 101 AMBULANCES POMPIERS 112 MÉDECINS DE GARDE 02/38 50 500 SERVICE MÉDICAL D’URGENCE 112 CLINIQUE ST-PIERRE OTTIGNIES URGENCES: 010/43 73 56 STANDARD: 010/43 72 11 CENTRE DES BRULÉS 02/264 48 48 CENTRE ANTI-POISON 070/24 52 45 PHARMACIEN DE GARDE 0903 99 000 TÉLÉ-ACCUEIL QUELQU’UN À QUI PARLER – 24H/24 107 CHILD FOCUS 116 000 ÉCOUTE ENFANTS COMMUNAUTÉ FRANÇAISE 103 PRÉVENTION SUICIDE 0800/321 23 SOS ENVIRONNEMENT NATURE 0800/20 026 ODEURS DE LA DÉCHARGE DE MONT-ST-GUIBERT 0800/92
    [Show full text]
  • “Le Plus Aristocratique Des Goûts” Modernist, Orientalist and Anti-Semitic Bible Readings in Late Nineteenth-Century Belgium1
    EphemeridesTheologicaeLovanienses 91/2 (2015) 311-332. doi: 10.2143/ETL.91.2.3085096 © 2015 by Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses. All rights reserved. “Le plus aristocratique des goûts” Modernist, Orientalist and Anti-Semitic Bible Readings in Late Nineteenth-Century Belgium1 Karim SCHELKENS TilburgUniversity As a Catholic Church historian, I have always considered the modernist crisis as a crucial period of transition within Roman Catholicism, marked by painful struggles and circling around the attempts at reconciling scientific methodology and the Christian faith tradition2. More precisely, the modern- ist crisis constitutes the transition from a church that seeks a way of deal- ing with modernity and its critical spirit and attitude. It is an attitude that, among others, has led to the development of the historical-critical method, now applied to the very sources of Christianity. For Yves Congar the col- lision between the hierarchy (and the so-called ‘traditionalist’ theologians defending it) and those that would eventually be labeled “modernists” was the consequence of the discordance between the doctrines imposed by the Magisterium and the conclusions of a scientific study of the documentation referred to by that same Magisterium as the foundation for their doctrinal statements3. 1. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Bart Coppein for his willingness to revise and comment on the forelying manuscript. Also, I wish to thank Mrs. Hermione L’Amiral, for allowing me to access the files on Picard in the Archives of the Belgian Senate [ABS], and Mr. Jan Anckaer for granting us access to the Belgian Library of Parliament, which holds one of the rare collections of JournaldeBruxelles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fire-Eaters and Seward Lincoln
    The Fire-Eaters and Seward Lincoln ERIC H. Walther When Senator William Henry Seward in 1850 invoked a “higher law” than the Constitution of the United States that compelled people of conscience to stop the sin of slavery, the New Yorker became the Yan- kee that Fire-Eaters most loved to hate. Seward’s remarks contributed to a very real and widespread disunion effort from 1850–1852. His prominence in creating the new antislavery Republican Party helped reinvigorate the secessionist movement in the mid-1850s. And in 1858 Seward proclaimed that the rising hostility, conflict, and violent in- cidents that were occurring with greater frequency and consequence represented “an irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces . and it means that the United States must and will, sooner or later, become either entirely a slaveholding nation, or entirely a free-labor nation.”1 Barely a year after that remark, John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry confirmed in the minds of many Southerners that Seward had not summarized the plight of the country, but rather had called for an inva- sion of the South and race war. The Fire-Eaters could not have found a better opposition candidate to galvanize the South. But a funny thing happened to Seward’s aura of inevitability as his party’s candidate for president in 1860: Abraham Lincoln beat all comers at the Republican national convention. So what were over-zealous, Union-hating, slave- loving secessionist leaders to do? This article will focus on the most conspicuous Fire-Eaters of 1860, Edmund Ruffin of Virginia, Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina and his son, Barnwell Rhett, Jr., and William Lowndes Yancey of Alabama, to demonstrate the varied responses to Seward and Lincoln.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Rutledge • John Rutledge
    South Carolina’s Founding Fathers www.carolana.com © 2018 – J.D. Lewis Little River, SC Terms of Use: Any or all parts of this slideshow may be used by anyone for any purpose free of charge – with one stipulation. The user must cite “www.carolana.com” as the source and may not alter any material used. 2 Table of Contents Topic Slide No. Quick Lookback at Representative Gov’t 4 SC Quick Lookback (1629 to 1775) 10 The American Revolution (1775 to 1783) 32 SC Joins the United States (1783 to 1790) 92 Sources 140 Appendix A – Founding Fathers From 143 Each District / Parish 3 Quick Lookback at Representative Government 4 Ancient Democracies, Republics & Constitutions • Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state of Athens. Spread to other city-states. • It was a system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. This was not considered to be a “representative government,” however. • To vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a slave, or a woman. • Leaders elected at random by citizens. • Solonian Constitution drafted in 594 BC. Greek Senate c. 450 BC • Indian City State of Vaishali functioned as what would be called a Republic. There were other similar city-states, all in northern India. • Decision making by voting of two primary groups: Martial or warrior class Trade guilds/agriculturists class • Code of Manu issued in 3rd Century BC. North Indian Assembly c.400 BC • Two Consuls – executive leaders • Senate comprised of 300 upper class citizens • Tribune comprised of 10 lower class citizens • Citizen Assemblies (adult males only) • Two-party system – Patricians & Plebians • Leaders elected lower members • Considered to be a Republic • 12 Tables (constitution-like) codified in 450 BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Backcountry Warrior: Brig. Gen. Andrew Williamson the “Benedict Arnold of South Carolina” and America's First Major Double
    Backcountry Warrior: Brig. Gen. Andrew Williamson The “Benedict Arnold of South Carolina” and America’s First Major Double Agent -- Part I BY LLEWELLYN M. TOULMIN, PH. D., F.R.G.S. This two-part series contains the following sections: Introduction Acknowledgements Biography of Brigadier General Andrew Williamson White Hall Possible Link to Liberia Archaeological Reconnaissance of 1978 Archaeological Survey of March 2011 Archaeological Expedition of 2011-12 Conclusions Biographical Note. Introduction Andrew Williamson was a fascinating and very controversial character in South Carolina Revolutionary history. He was loved by his many supporters and reviled by his many enemies. He was called the “Benedict Arnold of South Carolina” for laying down his arms in June 1780 and taking British protection. He surprised his critics, however, by revealing after the war that for a crucial period while living in besieged Charleston he had spied against the British, and had passed vital intelligence to the Americans. Because of his high rank and important information passed on for almost a year, he can fairly be described as “America’s first major double agent.” Despite his fame and notoriety, and historical importance, no biography of Williamson longer than a page or two has ever been published. Furthermore, no book on spy-craft in the Revolution has focused on Williamson or apparently even mentioned him and his spying efforts.1 1 Some of the relevant books that do not mention Williamson’s spying activities include: Harry and Marjorie Mahoney,
    [Show full text]