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Ps 109:30A) the Contribution of Leuven Biblical Scholarship to the Field in the Past Fifty Years and the Future of Biblical Studies in Light of Psalm 109 Ma

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Ps 109:30A) the Contribution of Leuven Biblical Scholarship to the Field in the Past Fifty Years and the Future of Biblical Studies in Light of Psalm 109 Ma Louvain Studies 42 (2019): 365-395 doi: 10.2143/LS.42.4.3287164 © 2019 by Louvain Studies, all rights reserved “With my mouth I will give thanks...” (Ps 109:30a) The Contribution of Leuven Biblical Scholarship to the Field in the Past Fifty Years and the Future of Biblical Studies in Light of Psalm 109 Ma. Maricel S. Ibita Introduction My heartfelt thanks to the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies (FTRS) of the KU Leuven for the invitation to give this lecture from the part of the Research Unit Biblical Studies (RUBS) on the occasion of the golden jubilee of the International Programmes in English.1 My gratitude also to the Ateneo de Manila University for the research leave grant to prepare for this lecture and its publication. While my initial excitement in drafting this piece was almost dampened by the enor- mity of the task to reflect on the future of biblical studies, it was replaced by a deep gratitude for the contributions of the KU Leuven to my own personal, academic and professional formation. Within the limited time and space, I apologize for any oversight as I paint in broad strokes the unique contributions and influences of our research unit to the greater field of global biblical studies, the current challenges for biblical research, and the possible trajectories for biblical criticism, with Psalm 109 as a test case as it talks about an ‘unsilent’ mouth (109:1), evil mouths (109:2), and praising mouth (109:30). The mouth here serves as a synecdoche, that is, with a generalizing and integrative function,2 for the whole person. We have a Filipino saying: 1. I also thank Maria Micheal Felix of the RUBS for the electronic copies of initial books and articles. 2. Elżbieta Chrzanowska-Kluczewska, “Synecdoche – an Underestimated Macro- figure?,” Language and Literature 22, no. 3 (2013): 235. 366 MA. MARICEL S. IBITA “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan, hindi makakarating sa paroroonan,” those who do not know how to look back from where they came from will not be able to reach their destination. Let us now remember together. I. By Word of Mouth – with Different Accents Every proclamation and promotion day, Dean Mathijs Lamberigts used to tell students to be ambassadors for the FTRS. By word of mouth, students are to witness to what KU Leuven education means. By word of mouth, prospective students get to know what KU Leuven education offers. With two anecdotes, I will introduce the most important contri- butions of the Faculty to biblical studies. New Testament scholar Raymond Collins recounts: Diversity and enthusiastic excitement were the realities that struck me as I entered the aula magna of the Pope’s College. Instead of a relatively small gathering of black-robed clerics, I was faced with a large audience of men and women, whose ages spanned a broad range of years. There were some seminarians and student priests from the American College, but the group included people from a great number of different countries. The different accents of their spoken English – sometimes a second or third language for them – rivalled the different accents of their professors. Their theological and cultural interests were widely different from those who sat beside them, engaging them in conversations that broadened their vistas. What brought them together was a respect for a hallowed theological tradition, an enthusiasm for the Second Vatican Council, and a desire to be part of this new venture in old Leuven. And I was to be a privileged part of it.3 Septuagint expert Johan Lust narrates: As was the case with several other colleagues from the early days, I was only acquainted with English in its written form. The first lessons I taught in English were completely written out and proof- read by an English lady. She was an official inspector of Oxford English abroad. The preparation of each lesson was very time- consuming and the result was far from perfect. Especially during the Q&A moments when I thought I formulated everything perfectly, the students seemed to have difficulties to understand me. The opposite was also true. The questions put by the students were very 3. Raymond F. Collins, “Testimonials: I Was to Be a Privileged Part of It,” last modified 2018, accessed April 8, 2019, https://theo.kuleuven.be/en/50-years-theology- programmes/Testimonial-Collins. “WITH MY MOUTH I WILL GIVE THANKS …” (PS 109:30A) 367 clear to them, but a mystery to me. I’m still amazed by the courage which led us to teach in an unfamiliar language which to the native speakers must have borne only a slight resemblance to English. Every beginning is hard!4 These stories personalize FTRS’ ‘primeval’ stories as the world recovered from the onslaught of two world wars and as it opened up to the fresh air that Vatican II brought to the Catholic Church. Locally, the escala- tion of the Dutch-French linguistic tensions in the early 1960s which reverberated internationally was resolved in 1968 by dividing the uni- versity into two sister universities, the Dutch speakers stayed in Leuven while for the French speakers a new university was constructed near Ottignies, eventually referred to as Louvain-la-Neuve.5 Pieter De Somer as the first rector of the Dutch-speaking university served from 1969 until his death in 1985. At the Flemish Faculteit Godgeleerdheid, New Testament scholars took the helm. Frans Neirynck was the first dean (1968-1972) and Maurits Sabbe was academic secretary.6 By 1969, a complete international theology program with English as official lan- guage was opened. “This initiative was taken not only on the basis of the already existing cordial relations with the English-speaking world and the presence of an international student population, but also as the result of a desire to serve the needs of the churches in those countries which had not yet established programmes of theological studies at uni- versity level.”7 Four more exegetes led the Faculty in later decades: Christiaan Brekelmans (1972-1975), Jan Lambrecht (1985-1990), Joël Delobel (1990-1996), and Marc Vervenne (1996-2000), who also became Vice-Rector for the Humanities and Social Sciences (2000- 2005) and Rector of the KU Leuven (2005-2009). 4. Johan Lust, “Testimonial: Every Beginning Is Hard,” last modified 2018, accessed July 9, 2019, https://theo.kuleuven.be/en/50-years-theology-programmes/Tes- timonial-Lust. 5. Barry James and International Herald Tribune, “In Belgium, Leuven-Louvain Split Speaks Loud,” The New York Times, November 11, 1997, sec. World, accessed July 13, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/11/news/in-belgium-leuvenlouvain-split- speaks-loud.html; Lieve Gevers, “Een beeld van de Faculteit,” in De Faculteit Godgeleerd- heid in de KU Leuven: 1969-1995, ed. Lieve Gevers and Leo Kenis, Annua Nuntia Lovaniensia 39 (Leuven: Peeters and Leuven University Press, 1997), 3-60. 6. Gilbert Van Belle, “Bijbelwetenschap,” in De Faculteit Godgeleerdheid in de KU Leuven: 1969-1995, 64. This article offers a very detailed history of the RUBS from 1969-1995. 7. “Proud of Our Past,” accessed April 8, 2019, https://theo.kuleuven.be/en/50- years-theology-programmes/proud-of-our-past. 368 MA. MARICEL S. IBITA 1. Old Testament and the Septuagint The RUBS’ association with the historical-critical method can be traced back to the Old Testament scholar Albinus Van Hoonacker (1857- 1933) and his New Testament counterpart, Paulin Ladeuze (1870-1940) along with church historian Alfred Cauchie (1860-1922).8 Exegetes Joseph Coppens (1896-1981) and Lucien Cerfaux (1883-1968) contin- ued this approach as they served on the editorial board of the new jour- nal Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses (ETL) in 1924 and initiated the prestigious annual Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense (CBL) in 1949, just after World War II.9 For their student, Neirynck, “the Louvain tradition demands serious scientific labour, critically analysing the historical growth of Christian thought. Continuing to practice the critical method and introducing it to young theological students … remains its most important task.”10 Leuven’s use of the historical-critical method left its stamp in Old Testament studies in various ways. First, Brekelmans, known for his clarification on the controversial notion of herem in the Old Testament,11 helped restrain the postulated pan-deuteronomistic tendencies in the interpretation of the Pentateuch and the Old Testament in general in the 1970s.12 He highlighted the complexity of dating passages and pro- posed some criteria for determining whether a text can be considered ‘proto-Deuteronomist’ (a term he coined) or whether it is dependent on Deuteronomic literature.13 His student, Marc Vervenne, added a meticulous analysis of the use of language including its statistics and expression, style, compositional structure and content analyses to these 8. Gilbert Van Belle, “Tradition, Exegetical Formation and the Leuven Hypoth- esis,” in What We Have Heard from the Beginning: The Past, Present, and Future of Johannine Studies, ed. Tom Thatcher (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2007), 333. 9. Ibid.; J. Verheyden, ed., Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense 1-60 (1949-2011) (Leuven: Peeters, 2012). 10. Van Belle, “Tradition,” 333; Frans Neirynck, “De Nederlandstalige Faculteit der Godgeleerdheid,” Onze Alma Mater 23 (1969): 233. 11. Christianus H. W. Brekelmans, De Herem in Het Oude Testament (Nijmegen: Centrale Drukkerij, 1959). 12. Van Belle, “Bijbelwetenschap,” 71-72. 13. See Chris H. W. Brekelmans, “Die sogenannten deuteronomischen Elemente in Gen. – Num.: Ein Beitrag zur Vorgeschichte des Deuteronomiums,” in Volume du Congrès Genève 1965, ed. Otto W. H. L. Eissfeldt, Supplements to Vetus Testamentum 15 (Leiden: Brill, 1966), 90-96; id., “Éléments deutéronomiques dans le Pentateuque,” in Aux grands carrefours de la révélation et de l’exégèse de l’Ancien Testament, ed.
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