DOCSLIB.ORG

Gumede Silindile Thobeka 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Taxonomic, functional, and avian community dynamics in selected Southern Mistbelt Forests of southern KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape, South Africa Silindile T. Gumede Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the discipline of Ecological Sciences School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus. 2020 ABSTRACT Human population increase and landscape transformation result in the reduction of natural habitats, such as forests, causing changes in forest patch composition, habitat amount, patch size, isolation, shape, and edges. This is challenging specialist such as Orange Ground-thrush (Geokichla gurneyi) and Lemon Dove (Aplopelia larvata) species unable to survive in fragmented habitats and also influencing the composition and distribution of avian species assemblages. Therefore, the main aims of this multifaceted study were to (1) assess the habitat requirements of two forest specialised bird species, the Orange Ground-thrush (Geokichla gurneyi) and the Lemon Dove (Aplopelia larvata); (2) identify if avian assemblage diversity and species functional trait diversity show consist patterning across different landscapes in a forest ecosystem; (3) determine the influence of vegetation structures on the taxonomic and functional diversity of avian forest species, and (4) modelling how to connect forest patches of higher functional diversity. In 2018-2019, we conducted a series of camera-trap surveys of 21- day periods and fixed-radius point-count surveys at 420 sites across 94 forest patches of Southern Mistbelt Forest of southern KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape, South Africa, during the breeding and non-breeding seasons in conjunction with surveys of microhabitat structural covariates. Firstly, we modelled the probability of occupancy and detection for the selected two species, which showed that forest specialist species prefer a highly diverse habitat structure. Secondly, we quantified functional diversity measures based on species’ trait per patch to measure the influence of habitat and landscape configuration on each measure. This resulted in functional diversity measures which were highly influenced by patch size, the distance between patches and diverse landscape and habitat. Thirdly, we conducted RLQ analyses to examine the association between avian functional traits and microhabitat structures present at each forest patch. We found there was a significant difference in vegetation structure and species richness between forest patches. Lastly, we ranked the functional diversity ii measures scores of avian communities present at each forest patch to identify core habitat patches responsible for the contribution of high functional diversity measures. Protection of natural forest habitat and diverse landscapes is important in preserving avian communities. iii PREFACE The data described in this thesis were collected in the Southern Mistbelt Forest of KwaZulu- Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces, Republic of South Africa, from (May-August) and (October-February) of 2018 and 2019. Fieldwork was done while registered at the School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, under the supervision of Prof Colleen T. Downs, Dr David A. Ehlers Smith and Dr Yvette C. Ehlers Smith. This thesis, submitted for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the College of Agriculture, Engineering, and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus, represents original work by the author and has not otherwise been submitted in any form for any degree or diploma to any University. Where use has been made of the work of others, it is duly acknowledged in the text. …… ……. Silindile T. Gumede December 2020 I certify that the above statement is correct, and as the candidate’s supervisor, I have approved this thesis for submission. …………………………. Prof Colleen T. Downs (Supervisor) December 2020 iv COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, ENGINEERING, AND SCIENCE DECLARATION 2 – PUBLICATIONS DETAILS OF CONTRIBUTION TO PUBLICATIONS that form part and/or include research presented in this thesis. Manuscript 1 S Gumede, CT Downs, DA Ehlers Smith, YC Ehlers Smith, MS Maseko Occupancy of two forest specialist birds in the Southern Mistbelt Forests of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape, South Africa Author contributions: SG, DAE and YCE conceived paper with CTD. CTD sourced funding. SG, SPN and MS collected data. SG and analysed the data, and wrote the draft paper. CTD, DAE, MSM and YCE contributed valuable comments to the manuscript. Manuscript 2 S Gumede, CT Downs, DA Ehlers Smith, YC Ehlers Smith What are the landscape-scale drivers of avian species richness and functional diversity in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Mistbelt Forests? Author contributions: SG, DAE and YCE conceived paper with CTD. CTD sourced funding. SG, SPN and MS collected data. SG analysed the data, and wrote the draft paper. CTD, DAE, and YCE contributed valuable comments to the manuscript. Manuscript 3 S Gumede, CT Downs, DA Ehlers Smith, YC Ehlers Smith The influence of the microhabitat structure on avian communities of Southern Mistbelt Forest Author contributions: SG, DAE and YCE conceived paper with CTD. CTD sourced funding. SG, SPN and MS collected data. SG analysed the data, and wrote the draft paper. CTD, DAE and YCE contributed valuable comments to the manuscript. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank God for achieving this dream of my life. I am so grateful to my supervisor, Prof Colleen Downs, for her assistance both academically and financially, and her patience with me since the beginning of my postgraduate studies. She took me under her wing, built my confidence and made me who I am today. I would also like to thank my co-supervisors, Dr David Ehlers Smith and Dr Yvette C Ehlers Smith, for their support and help throughout this project. The National Research Fund foundation (ZA) is thanked for providing research funding support. I am extremely grateful to Nasiphi Bitani, Nomaswazi Kubheka, Mfundo Maseko, Samkelisiwe Ngcobo, Lereko, Abidemi Raji and Mbali Sosibo for the good times we had during this journey of my life, and your prayers; I love you all. A special thanks to Bongumusa Jilajila for his moral support and patience throughout this project. To my mother, this one is for you; thank you for believing in me. A special thanks to my siblings for always making me feel special, all I want is to lead all of you rightfully. I am dedicating this thesis to my late grandmother, who raised me to be the woman I am today. “God promises to make something good out of the storms that bring devastation to your life” Romans 8:28 viii Silindile Thobeka Gumede about to go in to the field to conduct the forest research she loves. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ii PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ iv DECLARATION 1 – PLAGIARISM..................................................................................... v DECLARATION 2 – PUBLICATIONS ............................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. xv CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Indigenous forests ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Forests ecosystem services ............................................................................................... 5 1.3 Forests functional diversity and disturbance .................................................................... 7 1.4 Purpose of the study ....................................................................................................... 12 1.5 Study outline .................................................................................................................. 12 1.6 References ...................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................... 21 Occupancy of two forest specialist birds in the Southern Mistbelt Forests of KwaZulu- Natal and Eastern Cape, South Africa ................................................................................. 21 2.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 23 2.3 Methods .........................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • The 140 Bird Species Recorded in the Korsman Conservancy

    The 140 Bird Species Recorded in the Korsman Conservancy

    The 140 Bird Species Recorded in the Korsman Conservancy Roberts 6 Scientific Name Probability Residence Season Alphabetical Name Full Name 294 Avocet, Pied Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 11% 1 All Year 464 Barbet, Black-collared Black-collared Barbet Lybius torquatus 56% 1 All Year 473 Barbet, Crested Crested Barbet Trachyphonus vaillantii 83% 1 All Year 824 Bishop, Southern Red Southern Red Bishop Euplectes orix 73% 1 All Year 826 Bishop, Yellow-crowned Yellow-crowned Bishop Euplectes afer 14% 1 All Year 78 Bittern, Little Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus 7% 3.1 Dec-March 568 Bulbul, Dark-capped Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor 86% 1 All Year 149 Buzzard, Common (Steppe ) Common (Steppe) Buzzard Buteo buteo 1% 3.1 Oct-Apr 130 Buzzard, European Honey European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus 3.1 Nov-Apr 870 Canary, Black-throated Black-throated Canary Crithagra atrogularis 11% 1 All Year 677 Cisticola, Levaillant’s Levaillant’s Cisticola Cisticola tinniens 36% 1 All Year 664 Cisticola, Zitting Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis 13% 1 All Year 228 Coot, Red-knobbed Red-knobbed coot Fulica cristata 90% 1 All Year 58 Cormorant, Reed Reed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus 77% 1 All Year 55 Cormorant, White-breasted White-breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus 62% 1 All Year 391 Coucal, Burchell’s Burchell’s Coucal Centropus burchellii 13% 1 All Year 213 Crake, Black Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostra 7% 1 All Year 548 Crow, Pied Pied crow Corvus albus 30% 1 All Year 386 Cuckoo, Diederik Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius 15%
  • South Africa: Magoebaskloof and Kruger National Park Custom Tour Trip Report

    South Africa: Magoebaskloof and Kruger National Park Custom Tour Trip Report

    SOUTH AFRICA: MAGOEBASKLOOF AND KRUGER NATIONAL PARK CUSTOM TOUR TRIP REPORT 24 February – 2 March 2019 By Jason Boyce This Verreaux’s Eagle-Owl showed nicely one late afternoon, puffing up his throat and neck when calling www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | TRIP REPORT South Africa: Magoebaskloof and Kruger National Park February 2019 Overview It’s common knowledge that South Africa has very much to offer as a birding destination, and the memory of this trip echoes those sentiments. With an itinerary set in one of South Africa’s premier birding provinces, the Limpopo Province, we were getting ready for a birding extravaganza. The forests of Magoebaskloof would be our first stop, spending a day and a half in the area and targeting forest special after forest special as well as tricky range-restricted species such as Short-clawed Lark and Gurney’s Sugarbird. Afterwards we would descend the eastern escarpment and head into Kruger National Park, where we would make our way to the northern sections. These included Punda Maria, Pafuri, and the Makuleke Concession – a mouthwatering birding itinerary that was sure to deliver. A pair of Woodland Kingfishers in the fever tree forest along the Limpopo River Detailed Report Day 1, 24th February 2019 – Transfer to Magoebaskloof We set out from Johannesburg after breakfast on a clear Sunday morning. The drive to Polokwane took us just over three hours. A number of birds along the way started our trip list; these included Hadada Ibis, Yellow-billed Kite, Southern Black Flycatcher, Village Weaver, and a few brilliant European Bee-eaters.
  • TNP SOK 2011 Internet

    TNP SOK 2011 Internet

    GARDEN ROUTE NATIONAL PARK : THE TSITSIKAMMA SANP ARKS SECTION STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Contributors: N. Hanekom 1, R.M. Randall 1, D. Bower, A. Riley 2 and N. Kruger 1 1 SANParks Scientific Services, Garden Route (Rondevlei Office), PO Box 176, Sedgefield, 6573 2 Knysna National Lakes Area, P.O. Box 314, Knysna, 6570 Most recent update: 10 May 2012 Disclaimer This report has been produced by SANParks to summarise information available on a specific conservation area. Production of the report, in either hard copy or electronic format, does not signify that: the referenced information necessarily reflect the views and policies of SANParks; the referenced information is either correct or accurate; SANParks retains copies of the referenced documents; SANParks will provide second parties with copies of the referenced documents. This standpoint has the premise that (i) reproduction of copywrited material is illegal, (ii) copying of unpublished reports and data produced by an external scientist without the author’s permission is unethical, and (iii) dissemination of unreviewed data or draft documentation is potentially misleading and hence illogical. This report should be cited as: Hanekom N., Randall R.M., Bower, D., Riley, A. & Kruger, N. 2012. Garden Route National Park: The Tsitsikamma Section – State of Knowledge. South African National Parks. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2 2. ACCOUNT OF AREA........................................................................................................2
  • Plant-Frugivore Interactions in a Heterogeneous Forest Landscape of South Africa

    Plant-Frugivore Interactions in a Heterogeneous Forest Landscape of South Africa

    Plant-frugivore interactions in a heterogeneous forest landscape of South Africa Dissertation In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctorate Degree in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat) The Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg Lackson Chama, MSc Sinazongwe (Zambia) June 2012, Marburg From the Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg als Dissertation am angenommen. Dekan: Prof. Dr. Paul Galland Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. N. Farwig Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. R. Brandl Tag der Disputation: 25th June 2012 Dedicated to my son, Mishila, who’s first two years on earth I was hardly part of, due to my commitment towards this work. Contents CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON FOREST BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................................ 4 PLANT-FRUGIVORE INTERACTIONS IN CHANGING LANDSCAPES .................................................................................................. 5 THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN FRUGIVORE COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................... 5 EFFECTS OF SEED INGESTION BY FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS ON GERMINATION SUCCESS ........................................................................ 6 AIMS OF THE THESIS .........................................................................................................................................................
  • Birds of the Agulhas Plain

    Birds of the Agulhas Plain

    Birds of the Agulhas Plain www.blackoystercatcher.co.za Birds of the Agulhas Plain – how to see them “Whether you love bird-watching or not, a trip to the Black Oystercatcher will always include a vast array of bird life en route.” www.blackoystercatcher.co.za The Black Oystercatcher Wine farm is based on (and is a member of) the Nuwejaars Wetland Special Management Area. It’s a conservation agricultural area home to some of the most endangered bird, plant and animal species in the world. That makes the region perfect for bird lovers – whether you’re an experienced bird-watcher, or are just starting to record your sightings for the first time. So if you’re new to bird-watching, or new to the area, here are a couple of tips to record bird species you may not have seen before: REMEMBER TO BRING YOU BINOCULARS. Loads of DON’T ASSUME ANYTHING. You may think the raptor birds sit along the fence posts on the journey to the sitting on the fence is a Common Buzzard. But don’t Black Oystercatcher. But they usually don’t hang discount the possibility that it may be something more around if you stop. So a pair of binoculars will help you exotic and more rare. Some of the bird species spotted on check their colour, shape and size, even when they take or close to the Black Oystercatcher include the Long to the skies. Crested Eagle, Montagu’s Harrier and Blue-cheeked Bee- HAVE YOUR BIRD GUIDE READY. Whether it be Sasol, eater – species not known to frequent the Agulhas Plain.
  • South Africa Mega Birding III 5Th to 27Th October 2019 (23 Days) Trip Report

    South Africa Mega Birding III 5Th to 27Th October 2019 (23 Days) Trip Report

    South Africa Mega Birding III 5th to 27th October 2019 (23 days) Trip Report The near-endemic Gorgeous Bushshrike by Daniel Keith Danckwerts Tour leader: Daniel Keith Danckwerts Trip Report – RBT South Africa – Mega Birding III 2019 2 Tour Summary South Africa supports the highest number of endemic species of any African country and is therefore of obvious appeal to birders. This South Africa mega tour covered virtually the entire country in little over a month – amounting to an estimated 10 000km – and targeted every single endemic and near-endemic species! We were successful in finding virtually all of the targets and some of our highlights included a pair of mythical Hottentot Buttonquails, the critically endangered Rudd’s Lark, both Cape, and Drakensburg Rockjumpers, Orange-breasted Sunbird, Pink-throated Twinspot, Southern Tchagra, the scarce Knysna Woodpecker, both Northern and Southern Black Korhaans, and Bush Blackcap. We additionally enjoyed better-than-ever sightings of the tricky Barratt’s Warbler, aptly named Gorgeous Bushshrike, Crested Guineafowl, and Eastern Nicator to just name a few. Any trip to South Africa would be incomplete without mammals and our tally of 60 species included such difficult animals as the Aardvark, Aardwolf, Southern African Hedgehog, Bat-eared Fox, Smith’s Red Rock Hare and both Sable and Roan Antelopes. This really was a trip like no other! ____________________________________________________________________________________ Tour in Detail Our first full day of the tour began with a short walk through the gardens of our quaint guesthouse in Johannesburg. Here we enjoyed sightings of the delightful Red-headed Finch, small numbers of Southern Red Bishops including several males that were busy moulting into their summer breeding plumage, the near-endemic Karoo Thrush, Cape White-eye, Grey-headed Gull, Hadada Ibis, Southern Masked Weaver, Speckled Mousebird, African Palm Swift and the Laughing, Ring-necked and Red-eyed Doves.
  • Manyoni Private Game Reserve (Previously Zululand Rhino Reserve)

    Manyoni Private Game Reserve (Previously Zululand Rhino Reserve)

    Manyoni Private Game Reserve (Previously Zululand Rhino Reserve) Gorgeous Bushshrike by Adam Riley BIRD LIST Prepared by Adam Riley [email protected] • www.rockjumperbirding.
  • Protected Area Management Plan Development - SAPO NATIONAL PARK

    Protected Area Management Plan Development - SAPO NATIONAL PARK

    Technical Assistance Report Protected Area Management Plan Development - SAPO NATIONAL PARK - Sapo National Park -Vision Statement By the year 2010, a fully restored biodiversity, and well-maintained, properly managed Sapo National Park, with increased public understanding and acceptance, and improved quality of life in communities surrounding the Park. A Cooperative Accomplishment of USDA Forest Service, Forestry Development Authority and Conservation International Steve Anderson and Dennis Gordon- USDA Forest Service May 29, 2005 to June 17, 2005 - 1 - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Development Authority and Conservation International Protected Area Development Management Plan Development Technical Assistance Report Steve Anderson and Dennis Gordon 17 June 2005 Goal Provide support to the FDA, CI and FFI to review and update the Sapo NP management plan, establish a management plan template, develop a program of activities for implementing the plan, and train FDA staff in developing future management plans. Summary Week 1 – Arrived in Monrovia on 29 May and met with Forestry Development Authority (FDA) staff and our two counterpart hosts, Theo Freeman and Morris Kamara, heads of the Wildlife Conservation and Protected Area Management and Protected Area Management respectively. We decided to concentrate on the immediate implementation needs for Sapo NP rather than a revision of existing management plan. The four of us, along with Tyler Christie of Conservation International (CI), worked in the CI office on the following topics: FDA Immediate
  • Status and Distribution of Faunal Diversity in Kafa Afromontane Coffee Forest

    Status and Distribution of Faunal Diversity in Kafa Afromontane Coffee Forest

    Status and Distribution of Faunal Diversity in Kafa Afromontane Coffee Forest Leykun Abunie Berhan Submitted to PPP Project July 2008 Addis Ababa Contents Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................4 Introduction..................................................................................................................................6 Literature Review Related to Faunal Diversity and Management...............................................8 Macro Policies and Priorities......................................................................................................8 Environmental Protection Policy.................................................................................................8 Wildlife Development / Management Policy................................................................................9 Analysis of Wildlife Sector in Ethiopia ......................................................................................10 Physical and Ecological Description of the Study Area ............................................................14 Objective of the Present Study...................................................................................................16 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................17 General Approach......................................................................................................................17
  • Title of Thesis Or Dissertation, Worded

    Title of Thesis Or Dissertation, Worded

    HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT AND ECOTOURISM: COMPARING PONGARA AND IVINDO NATIONAL PARKS IN GABON by SANDY STEVEN AVOMO NDONG A THESIS Presented to the Department of International Studies and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts September 2017 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Sandy Steven Avomo Ndong Title: Human-wildlife Conflict: Comparing Pongara and Ivindo National Parks in Gabon This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of International Studies by: Galen Martin Chairperson Angela Montague Member Derrick Hindery Member and Sara D. Hodges Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2017 ii © 2017 Sandy Steven Avomo Ndong iii THESIS ABSTRACT Sandy Steven Avomo Ndong Master of Arts Department of International Studies September 2017 Title: Human-wildlife Conflict: Comparing Pongara and Ivindo National Parks in Gabon Human-wildlife conflicts around protected areas are important issues affecting conservation, especially in Africa. In Gabon, this conflict revolves around crop-raiding by protected wildlife, especially elephants. Elephants’ crop-raiding threaten livelihoods and undermines conservation efforts. Gabon is currently using monetary compensation and electric fences to address this human-elephant conflict. This thesis compares the impacts of the human-elephant conflict in Pongara and Ivindo National Parks based on their idiosyncrasy. Information was gathered through systematic review of available literature and publications, observation, and semi-structured face to face interviews with local residents, park employees, and experts from the National Park Agency.

  • The Collection of Birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto De Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal)

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 600:The 155–167 collection (2016) of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação... 155 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.600.7899 DATA PAPER http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal) Miguel Monteiro1,2, Luís Reino1,2,3, Martim Melo1,4, Pedro Beja1,2, Cristiane Bastos-Silveira5, Manuela Ramos7, Diana Rodrigues5, Isabel Queirós Neves5,6, Susana Consciência8, Rui Figueira1,2 1 CIBIO/InBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal 2 CEABN/InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 3 CIBIO/InBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal 4 Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701X, South Africas 5 Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 56, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal 6 CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 7 MARE-FCUL, DOP/UAç - Departamento Oceanografia e Pescas, Univ. Açores, Rua Prof. Dr. Fre- derico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal 8 Estrada de Mem Martins n251 1ºDto, 2725-391 Mem Martins, Sintra, Portugal Corresponding author: Rui Figueira ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Sangster | Received 29 January 2015 | Accepted 2 June 2016 | Published 22 June 2016 http://zoobank.org/68209E54-00D0-4EFA-B095-AB7D346ACD8E Citation: Monteiro M, Reino L, Melo M, Beja P, Bastos-Silveira C, Ramos M, Rodrigues D, Neves IQ, Consciência S, Figueira R (2016) The collection of birds from São Tomé and Príncipe at the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical of the University of Lisbon (Portugal).
  • WORLD LIST Updated 28 June 2019 Bird-Window Collision Species

    WORLD LIST Updated 28 June 2019 Bird-Window Collision Species

    1305 species WORLD LIST Updated 28 June 2019 Bird-window Collision Species Family scientific name Common name Genus Species 1 Tinamidae Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus 2 Cracidae Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor 3 Plain Chachalaca Ortalis vetula 4 Grey-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps 5 Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata 6 Odontophoridae Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus 7 Northern Bobwhite Colinus virginianus 8 Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus 9 Elegant Quail Callipepla douglasii 10 Gambel's Quail Callipepla gambelii 11 California Quail Callipepla californica 12 Spotted Wood-quail Odontophorus guttatus 13 Phasianidae Common Quail Coturnix coturnix 14 Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica 15 Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei 16 Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis 17 Brown Quail Synoicus ypsilophorus 18 Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca 19 Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara 20 Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa 21 Chinese Bamboo-partridge Bambusicola thoracicus 22 Copper Pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii 23 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 24 Grey Partridge Perdix perdix 25 Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 26 Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus 27 Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia 28 Willow Grouse Lagopus lagopus 29 Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta 30 Spruce Grouse Falcipennis canadensis 31 Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus 32 Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix 33 Anatidae Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis 34 Pink-eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus 35 Black Swan Cygnus atratus 36 Mute Swan Cygnus olor 37 Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons 38