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What Do Students Know and Understand About the Holocaust? Evidence from English Secondary Schools
CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster, Alice Pettigrew, Andy Pearce, Rebecca Hale Centre for Holocaust Education Centre Adrian Burgess, Paul Salmons, Ruth-Anne Lenga Centre for Holocaust Education What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Cover image: Photo by Olivia Hemingway, 2014 What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster Alice Pettigrew Andy Pearce Rebecca Hale Adrian Burgess Paul Salmons Ruth-Anne Lenga ISBN: 978-0-9933711-0-3 [email protected] British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permissions of the publisher. iii Contents About the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education iv Acknowledgements and authorship iv Glossary v Foreword by Sir Peter Bazalgette vi Foreword by Professor Yehuda Bauer viii Executive summary 1 Part I Introductions 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Methodology 23 Part II Conceptions and encounters 35 3. Collective conceptions of the Holocaust 37 4. Encountering representations of the Holocaust in classrooms and beyond 71 Part III Historical knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust 99 Preface 101 5. Who were the victims? 105 6. -
Educational Websites on the Holodomor
TOP PICKS - Resources for Teaching the Holodomor Selected by Valentina Kuryliw and Lana Babij The listings below are examples of resources in a given category suitable for classroom instruction. Educational Websites on the Holodomor 1. Holodomor Research and Education Consortium A project of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta www.education.holodomor.ca/ and www.holodomor.ca This website contains research-based, reliable content and curricular materials on the Holodomor for grades 6-12. Educational materials found here include background information for teachers and students, memoirs of survivors, primary documents, newspaper articles, excerpts from literature, as well as a variety of suggested lesson plans and assignments. Emphasis is placed on developing historical and critical thinking skills using a variety of strategies that complement curricula expectations in a number of provinces. The site has an excellent list of resources and links. 2. Nadiya – Hope; Holodomor Supplemental Resource for Teachers Edmonton Catholic Schools, Alberta www.education.holodomor.ca/supplemental-resource-for-teachers-nadiya-hope/ www.ecsd.net/AboutUs/Overview/Holodomor/Pages/default.aspx Developed by educators throughout Canada for use in K-12 and for school events, this site draws together dozens of lesson plans, PowerPoint presentations, and background materials on the Holodomor and is grouped by grade level. Although some of the materials are designed for use in Catholic schools, all the resources can be adapted as needed. 3. Manitoba. Diversity Education: Holodomor Education and Awareness Manitoba Education and Training www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/cur/multic/holodomor.html www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/diversity/educators/index.html The official site of the Manitoba Ministry of Education describes how the Holodomor has been incorporated into the Manitoba curriculum, provides teaching resources, and offers links to sites on the Holodomor and other genocides. -
Conflicting Perspectives on Timothy Snyder's Black Earth
FORUM Conflicting Perspectives on Timothy Snyder’s Black Earth ✣ Reviews by Michael Berenbaum and Jeffrey Herf Timothy Snyder, Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning.New York: Tim Duggan Books, 2015. 462 pp. $35.00. Reviewed by Michael Berenbaum, American Jewish University Timothy Snyder’s much-acclaimed book Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin, published by Basic Books in 2010, aroused serious concern among many Holocaust historians. They feared that his emphasis on dou- ble genocide—German and Soviet—was a backdoor attempt to diminish the uniqueness and singularity of the Holocaust. In Black Earth Snyder’s emphasis on the Holocaust and its lessons should assuage these critics. Early in the book he writes: “The History of the Holocaust is not over. Its precedent is eternal and its lessons have not yet been learned. The Holocaust is not only history but warning.” He makes good on this promise, perhaps too good. He treats the Holocaust as the axial event of modern history, thus giving testimony to its centrality. Jews are central to the history he narrates. He begins the same way many histories of the Holocaust must begin—with Adolf Hitler (no Hitler, no Holo- caust) and what he considers to be the two defining elements of Hitler’s world- view. Hitler’s quest for Lebensraum, defined not only as living space but as space to live well, makes the Ukraine a natural German target, for it is the breadbasket of Europe. For Hitler, the Volga was Germany’s Mississippi, and he admired the U.S. doctrine of Manifest Destiny. -
Migration and the Ukraine Crisis a Two-Country Perspective This E-Book Is Provided Without Charge Via Free Download by E-International Relations (
EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & GRETA UEHLING Migration and the Ukraine Crisis A Two-Country Perspective This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i Migration and the Ukraine Crisis A Two-Country Perspective EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & GRETA UEHLING ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2017 ISBN 978-1-910814-27-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-910814-28-4 (e-book) This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • Non-Commercial – You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials / scholarly use. -
Holocaust Memorial Days an Overview of Remembrance and Education in the OSCE Region
Holocaust Memorial Days An overview of remembrance and education in the OSCE region 27 January 2015 Updated October 2015 Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 Albania ................................................................................................................................. 13 Andorra ................................................................................................................................. 14 Armenia ................................................................................................................................ 16 Austria .................................................................................................................................. 17 Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................ 19 Belarus .................................................................................................................................. 21 Belgium ................................................................................................................................ 23 Bosnia and Herzegovina ....................................................................................................... 25 Bulgaria ............................................................................................................................... -
A Turbulent Year for Ukraine Urbulent Was the Way to Describe 2009 for Ukraine, Which Plunged Into Financial Crisis
No. 3 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 17, 2010 5 2009: THE YEAR IN REVIEW A turbulent year for Ukraine urbulent was the way to describe 2009 for Ukraine, which plunged into financial crisis. No other European country suffered as much as TUkraine, whose currency was devalued by more than 60 percent since its peak of 4.95 hrv per $1 in August 2008. In addition, the country’s industrial production fell by 31 percent in 2009. Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko con- fronted the challenge of minimizing the crisis fallout, while at the same time campaigning for the 2010 presi- dential elections. Her critics attacked her for pursuing populist policies, such as increasing wages and hiring more government staff, when the state treasury was broke as early as the spring. Ms. Tymoshenko herself admitted that her gov- ernment would not have been able to make all its pay- ments without the help of three tranches of loans, worth approximately $10.6 billion, provided by the International Monetary Fund. Her critics believe that instead of borrowing money, Ms. Tymoshenko should have been introducing radical reforms to the Ukrainian economy, reducing government waste, eliminating out- dated Soviet-era benefits and trimming the bureaucracy. The year began with what is becoming an annual tra- Offi cial Website of Ukraine’s President dition in Ukraine – a natural gas conflict provoked by the government of Russian Federation Prime Minister President Viktor Yushchenko and Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko at the heated February 10 meeting of Vladimir Putin. Whereas the New Year’s Day crisis of the National Security and Defense Council. -
HADIFOGSÁG, MÁLENKIJ ROBOT, GULÁG Kárpát-Medencei Magyarok És Németek Elhurcolása a Szovjetunió Hadifogoly- És Kényszermunkatáboraiba (1944–1953)
HADIFOGSÁG, MÁLENKIJ ROBOT, GULÁG Kárpát-medencei magyarok és németek elhurcolása a Szovjetunió hadifogoly- és kényszermunkatáboraiba (1944–1953) Nemzetközi tudományos konferencia Beregszász, 2016. november 17–20. A II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola Lehoczky Tivadar Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpontjának kiadványa Beregszász–Ungvár 2017 HADIFOGSÁG, MÁLENKIJ ROBOT, GULÁG Kárpát-medencei magyarok és németek elhurcolása a Szovjetunió hadifogoly- és kényszermunkatáboraiba (1944–1953) Nemzetközi tudományos konferencia Beregszász, 2016. november 17–20. A II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola Lehoczky Tivadar Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpontjának kiadványa Szerkesztette: Molnár D. Erzsébet – Molnár D. István „RIK-U” Kiadó Beregszász–Ungvár 2017 ББК: 63.3 (2POC)-8 УДК: 323.282 (061.3) Т-12 A kötet a 2016. november 17–20-án Beregszászon megtartott a Lehoczky Tivadar Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpont által rendezett „HADIFOGSÁG, MÁLENKIJ ROBOT, GULÁG. Kárpát-medencei magyarok és németek elhurcolása a Szovjetunió hadifogoly- és kényszermunkatáboraiba (1944–1953)” c. nemzetközi konferencia anyagait tartalmazza. Készült a II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola Lehoczky Tivadar Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpont műhelyében az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma támogatásával. Szerkesztette: Molnár D. Erzsébet – Molnár D. István A kiadásért felel: Orosz Ildikó Tördelés: Molnár D. István Borító: Molnár D. István Korrektúra: Hnatik-Riskó Márta A közölt tanulmányok tartalmáért a szerzők a felelősek. A kiadvány megjelenését Magyarország -
Genocide, Memory and History
AFTERMATH GENOCIDE, MEMORY AND HISTORY EDITED BY KAREN AUERBACH AFTERMATH AFTERMATH GENOCIDE, MEMORY AND HISTORY EDITED BY KAREN AUERBACH Aftermath: Genocide, Memory and History © Copyright 2015 Copyright of the individual chapters is held by the chapter’s author/s. Copyright of this edited collection is held by Karen Auerbach. All rights reserved. Apart from any uses permitted by Australia’s Copyright Act 1968, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the copyright owners. Inquiries should be directed to the publisher. Monash University Publishing Matheson Library and Information Services Building 40 Exhibition Walk Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia www.publishing.monash.edu Monash University Publishing brings to the world publications which advance the best traditions of humane and enlightened thought. Monash University Publishing titles pass through a rigorous process of independent peer review. www.publishing.monash.edu/books/agmh-9781922235633.html Design: Les Thomas ISBN: 978-1-922235-63-3 (paperback) ISBN: 978-1-922235-64-0 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-876924-84-3 (epub) National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Title: Aftermath : genocide, memory and history / editor Karen Auerbach ISBN 9781922235633 (paperback) Series: History Subjects: Genocide. Genocide--Political aspects. Collective memory--Political aspects. Memorialization--Political aspects. Other Creators/Contributors: Auerbach, Karen, editor. Dewey Number: 304.663 CONTENTS Introduction ............................................... -
The Memory of Auschwitz and the Oblivion of Bloodlands
The Memory of Auschwitz and the Oblivion of Bloodlands Robert Jan van Pelt “Lech, Lecha.”—“Go for yourself.” The words God spoke to Abra(ha)m when he instructed him to leave his native Ur and realize his destiny flashed through my brain during a rude intervention in the middle of a major commemorative lecture on Auschwitz, given at the Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, on January 26, 2010. In my lecture, I had raised the question why Auschwitz had become, for better or worse, a major symbol of the Holocaust. I felt I was qualified to both ask and answer that question, as I had researched the history of Auschwitz for more than a quarter century. Whilst talking, I noticed an increasingly agitated gentleman in the back of the room. At one moment he couldn’t control himself, stood up, and began to profess, with a loud voice, that Auschwitz was largely irrelevant for our understanding of the Holocaust and that my own work on the camp had been a waste of my time; he said that the only truly relevant work on the Holocaust had been undertaken by the French cleric Father Patrick Desbois, who, beginning in 2003, had been identifying and digging up mass graves in the Ukraine and collecting testimonies of witnesses, and who had published his findings in his best-selling and award-winning The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest's Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews (2008). “Why weren’t you like Father Desbois?” the man asked me. -
The Relationship Between Space, Resources, and Genocide
Ruling the Bloodlands: The Relationship between Space, Resources, and Genocide Connor Mayes Advisor: Dr. Kari Jensen, Department of Global Studies & Geography Committee: Dr. Zilkia Janer, Department of Global Studies & Geography, and Dr. Mario Ruiz, Department of History Honors Essay in Geography Fall 2017 Hofstra University Mayes 2 Contents Part 1: The Meaning of Genocide................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 Positionality and Purpose ......................................................................................................... 5 Definitions: Genocide, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, and war crimes .......... 6 Part 2: Genocide and Resources ................................................................................................ 10 Material Murder: The Link between Genocide and Resources ......................................... 10 Land .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Natural Resources ................................................................................................................... 19 Human Resources .................................................................................................................... 25 Cultural and Urban Resources ............................................................................................. -
Anna Rzeczyńska "Black Ribbon Day", Edward Sołtys, Toronto 2014 : [Recenzja]
Anna Rzeczyńska "Black Ribbon Day", Edward Sołtys, Toronto 2014 : [recenzja] TransCanadiana 8, 326-328 2016 Anna Reczyńska Jagiellonian University in Kraków EDWARD SOŁTYS. BLACK RIBBON DAY. TORONTO: CANADIAN POLISH RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 2014. 313 PAGES. ISBN 978-0-920517-18-5 A black ribbon is a symbol of grief not only in European cultures but also in many others. In the late 1980s, a new movement was born in many different countries, a movement which added a new meaning to the black ribbon. It became a symbol of remembrance of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact from 1939 and its tragic outcomes for millions of people. Since 1987, Black Ribbon Day has been commemorated around the world on August 23, the anniversary of the signing of the pact. On that day, various forms of protests and demonstrations take place, involving hundreds or thousands of people, featuring speeches by politicians, emigration activists, dissidents, and other people persecuted by totalitarian states. Academic sessions, discussions, and press conferences are also held, focusing on the pact that resulted in World War II, border changes, a new division of Europe, and tragedies of millions of people. The events pinpoint that due to the pact the three Baltic countries, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, were forced, for several decades, to be the part of the USSR, while countries at the centre of the continent came under the strong influence of the aforementioned totalitarian regime. Black Ribbon Day also features secular and religious ceremonies commemorating the victims, prisoners, deportees, displaced persons, and refugees, all of whom were victims of totalitarian regimes. -
Viktor Yushchenko
InsIde: • “2009: The Year in Review” – pages 5-35 THEPublished U by theKRA Ukrainian NationalIN AssociationIAN Inc., a fraternal Wnon-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXVIII No.3 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 17, 2010 $1/$2 in Ukraine Outgoing New Jersey governor creates Yushchenko’s declining support: Eastern European Heritage Commission Does he really deserve the blame? TRENTON, N.J. – Outgoing New Jersey The 21-member commission will coordi- by Zenon Zawada their staunch support for Ukraine’s inte- Gov. Jon S. Corzine on January 11 signed nate an annual Eastern European Month Kyiv Press Bureau gration into Euro-Atlantic structures. an executive order creating an Eastern Celebration along with other events and Volodymyr Fesenko, board chairman European-American Heritage Commission activities highlighting the rich culture and KYIV – Five years ago, hundreds of of the Penta Center for Applied Research in the Department of State. history of Americans of Eastern European thousands of Ukrainians risked their lives in Kyiv, offered consulting to the “New Jersey is home to over 1 million ancestry. The commission will also work for Viktor Yushchenko to become Presidential Secretariat occasionally dur- Americans of Eastern European ancestry, with the Department of Education to con- Ukraine’s president. Now only about 5 ing Mr. Yushchenko’s term. He’s consid- including Americans of Polish, tinue to develop content and curriculum percent of Ukrainians fully support ered among Ukraine’s most reliable and Hungarian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Czech and guides on Eastern European history for President Yushchenko and would vote for objective political analysts. Mr. Fesenko Lithuanian ancestry. The commission will school children, noted a press released from him in the January 17 election, according studied at Columbia University’s ensure there are opportunities for all of the governor’s office.