Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation (Eocene) Title between Tabyin and Kyauktakha to the west of Pauk, central Myanmar
Suzuki, Hisashi; Maung, Maung; Naing Soe, Aung; Shigehara, Author(s) Nobuo
Citation Asian paleoprimatology (2006), 4: 75-97
Issue Date 2006
URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199769
Right
Type Departmental Bulletin Paper
Textversion publisher
Kyoto University Asian Paleoprimatology, vol. 4:75-97 (2006) Kyoto University Primate Research Institute
Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation (Eocene) between Tabyin and Kyauktakha to the west of Pauk, central Myanmar
HisashiSuzukil' 2' 3, Maung Maung4, Aung Naing Soe5 and Nobuo Shigehara6
'GeotecGmbH., Ushigase Minaminokuchi-cho 501,Kyoto 615-8045, Japan 'OsakaGakuin University , Kishibeminami2-36-1, Suita 564-8511, Japan 3MontanuniversiteitLeoben , Departmentfir AngewandteGeowissenschaften und Geophysik,Lehrstuhl Prospektion und Angewandte Sedimentologie, Peter-Tunner- Strafie5, A-8700 Leoben, Osterreich 4Departmentof Geology , Loikaw University, Loikaw, Myanmar 5Departmentof Geology,Hpa An University, Kayan State, Myanmar 6PrimateResearch Institute , KyotoUniversity, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
Abstract Columnarsections of thePondaung Formation along the Tabyin-Kyauktakha route are measuredand described in detail.The Pondaung Formation of the sectionis composed of sandstone,siltstone and claystone with minor amounts of coal,acidic tuff and gritty-pebbly sandstone.The total thickness of the PondaungFormation along the Tabyin-Kyauktakha routeamounts to ca. 1,170m. While the Lower Member of the Pondaung Formation con- tainsa largeamount of claystoneand siltstone sequences, the Upper Member of theforma- tionconsists merely of sandstonethat exhibitstrough-type cross bedding frequently. In contrastto the fossil-bearingUpper Member of the PondaungFormation in the areas of Paleand Myaing townships, the sandstonesequences of theUpper Member of theTabyin- Kyauktakhasection were deposited under the highenergy sedimentary environment that eliminatedthe preservation offossil vertebrates.
Zusammenfassung Entlangdes Wegs zwischen Tabyin und Kyauktakha wurden von der kompletten Abfolgeder Pondaung-Formation die Saulenprofile erstellt und detailliert beschrieben. Die Pondaung-Formationbesteht hier aus Sand-,Silt- und Tonsteinmit geringen Anteilenan Kohle,sauerem Tuff und kieshaltigem Sandstein. Die Gesamtmachtigkeit der Pondaung-FormationdesTabyin-Kyauktakha-Profils betragt ca. 1.170m. Wahrend das untereGlied der Pondaung-Formation einen hohen Anteil an Silt-und Tonstein aufweist, bestehtderen obere Glied ausschlieBlich aus Sandstein,in demhaufig trogformige Schragschichtungskorperausgebildet rind. Im Gegensatz zum Wirbeltiere-fiihrenden oberen Gliedder Pondaung-Formation in den Gebieten Pale und Myaing wurde die Sandstein- Abfolgedes oberen Tabyin-Kyauktakha-Profils unterhochenergetischen Sedimentationsbe
75 Suzuki et al.
dingungen abgelagert, im Rahmen derer es zur Uberlieferung von Wirbeltierknochen kaum kommen konnte.
Introduction The Eocene Pondaung Formation is widely distributed in central Myanmar, and its geol- ogy has been studied in some areas. In the areas of Pale and Myaing townships, the Pondaung Formation consists mainly of fluviatile deposits and yields the well-preserved terrestrial ver- tebrate fossils (e.g., Aye Ko Aung, 1999, 2004; Aung Naing Soe, 1999; Aung Naing Soe et al., 2002). On the other hand, the Pondaung Formation in the Minbu district exhibits shallow marine environments (Shwezettaw area; Aung Khin and Kyaw Win, 1969; Maung Maung, 1994). The area studied in this paper is located along a roadside of Tabyin to Kyauktakha to the west of Pauk township (Figure 1). Geographically, this area is located about 70-80 km southwest of the areas of Pale and Myaing townships and about 130-140 km north to north- northwest of the Minbu area. It is expected that the study area lies in the transitional area be- tween the fluviatile and shallow marine environments. In addition, the strata of the Pondaung Formation of the study area dips to the east monotonously, so that the whole sequences from the base to top of the formation crop out in a relatively narrow area. Here we describe a lithologic column of the whole sequences of the Pondaung Forma- tion along the route of Tabyin to Kyauktakha villages to clarify the total thickness and lithos- tratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation in this area.
Geologic setting The study area is geotectonically located in the western part of the Inner-Burman Terti- ary Basin (Figure 1), in which the Cenozoic fluviatile to shallow marine sediments are mainly deposited (Chhibber, 1934; Bender, 1983). In the Inner-Burman Tertiary Basin some sub- basins are recognised, one of which is called the north to south stretching Minbu Basin dis- tributed between the latitudes 20°N and 22°N. The geologic structure of the Minbu Basin is characterised by the Salin Syncline (Bender, 1983), and the study section is situated on its western limb. Along the road between Kyauktu and Pauk (Figure 1) the Eocene to Quaternary forma- tions are distributed. These formations strike approximately north to south and dip about 40-60° eastwards. The following formations and group are distributed between Kyauktu and Pauk in ascending order: the Eocene Laungshe Formation, the Eocene Tilin Formation, the Eocene Tabyin Formation, the Eocene Pondaung Formation, the Eocene Yaw Formation, the Oligocene Shwezetaw Formation, the Oligocene Padaung Formation, the Oligocene Okhmin- taung Formation, the Miocene Kyaukkok Formation and the Miocene to lower Quaternary Irrawaddy Group (Cotter and Clegg, 1938; IGCP National Committee, 1981). Among the for- mations, the here described section focuses on the Pondaung Formation that is conformably underlain by the Tabyin Formation and is conformably overlain by the Yaw Formation. The
76 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
A B \ to Thn
111(r-t 94-30T
th tosA ca •E Tabyr
IpA. o-AKyauktakPauk Ct ''opPau (2)0 ,14'f' .7.1rt-1 KyaulOu(1) %.„,It..'5-). i)3kiii ' Yang?,
0 2[K11. Bangkok O 4). LP .,, . Figuremap of 1.the A, Tabyin-Kyauktakha Geotectonicmap of sections. Myanmar. (1)B, Road Location sec- tion. (2) Section southof the road.
geologic age of the Pondaung Formation are discussed by Aye Ko Aung (1999, 2004) and Tsubamoto et al. (2000, 2002, 2006 in this volume) in detail based on the studies in the areas of Pale and Myaing townships, and a Middle Eocene age has been estimated.
Columnar sections between Tabyin and Kyauktakha villages The geologic columns of the whole sequences of the Pondaung Formation along the Tabyin-Kyauktakha route are shown in Figures 2 to 18. Two sections were measured, the road section and the section south of the road (Figure 1). These two sections are connected at the horizon 670.9 m with the characteristic lithology of the large-scale trough cross stratification with pebbles (Figures 19 and 20). The total thickness of the Pondaung Formation along the measured section amounts to 1,167.5 m. Lithostratigraphic characteristics are summarised as follows. (1) The Pondaung Formation along the Tabyin-Kyauktakha route is lithologically subdi- vided into the Lower and Upper Members at the horizon 724.8 m. The thickness of the Lower Member amounts to 724.8 m and that of the Upper Member amounts to 442.7 m. These two members cannot be directly correlated with those of the areas of Pale and Myaing townships (Aye Ko Aung, 1999) because of the lithologic differences. (2) The Lower Member of the formation is composed mainly of sandstone, siltstone, and claystone sequences. The minor amounts of coal, acidic tuff and gritty-pebbly sandstone are also included in the Lower Member. Two thin acidic tuff layers are intercalated only within the claystone sequences that are accompanied by coal and/or peat beds. These acidic tuff layers will be the clues to correlate with the Pondaung Formation in the fossil-bearing Paukkaung area (see Tsubamoto et al., 2002; Maung Maung et al., 2005; Suzuki et al., 2006
77
\ Suzuki et al. in this volume). (3) Sandstone beds with the large-scale trough cross bedding and pebbles are appeared at the higher horizon of the Lower Member (around horizon 670 m; Figures 19 and 20). (4) The Upper Member of the formation consists mainly of thick sandstone sequences that exhibit the sedimentary structures under high energy conditions (e.g., trough-type cross stratification). (5) Although the Upper Member of the Pondaung Formation in the areas of Pale and Myaing townships yields well-preserved fossil vertebrates, the Upper Member of the forma- tion along the Tabyin-Kyauktakha route yields little vertebrate fossil bones. This is due to the differences in lithology and sedimentary environment. While the Upper Member of the areas of Pale and Myaing townships includes thick claystone sequences that yield rich fossil verte- brates (see Suzuki et al., 2006 in this volume), the Upper Member of the Tabyin-Kyauktakha route is composed mainly of thick sandstone strata that were deposited under high energy currents suggested by the trough-type cross stratification. The sandstones deposited under high energy currents could not make fossil preservation possible.
Acknowledgements This report is based on the results of the field survey in February 2005. We would like to express our sincere thanks to U Min Swe (Department of Archaeology, Bagan Branch), U Win Kyaing (Department of Archaeology, Pyey Branch) and U Zin Maung Maung Thein (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University) for organising and supporting our field sur- vey. Special thanks are due to Prof. Dr. Masanaru Takai (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University) and Dr. Naoko Egi (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University) for helping our field measurements of lithologic columns and for reviewing the manuscript. We are also very grateful to the personnel of the Myanmar-Japan (Kyoto University) Joint Fossil Expedition Team, to the personnel of Ministry of Culture of Myanmar, to Director General U Nyunt Han (Department of Archaeology, Ministry of Culture of Myanmar), and to the personnel of Em- bassy of Japan in Yangon (Myanmar) for their guidance and help for our surveys. We would be grateful to Dr. Matthias Auer (Montanuniversitat Leoben) for his correction of our German summary. The financial supports were provided by the MEXT Overseas Scientific Research Fund (09041161, 14405019, 16405018) and by the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for the 21st Century COE Program (A14 to Kyoto University).
References Aung Khin and Kyaw Win (1969) Geology and hydrocarbon prospects of the Burma Tertiary Geosyncline. Union of Burma Journal of Science and Technology 2:52-73. Aung Naing Soe (1999) Sedimentary facies of the upper part of the Pondaung Formation (in central Myanmar) bearing late Middle Eocene anthropoid primates. p.152-178. In "Proceedings of the Pondaung Fossil Expedition Team." Pondaung Fossil Expedition Team (ed.) Office of Strategic Studies, Ministry of Defence: Yangon.
78 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
Aung Naing Soe, Myitta, Soe Thura Tun, Aye Ko Aung, Tin Thein, Marandat, B., Ducrocq, S., and Jaeger, J.-J. (2002) Sedimentary facies of the late Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (central Myanmar) and the paleoenvironments of its anthropoid primates. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1:153-160. Aye Ko Aung (1999) Revision on the stratigraphy and age of the primates-bearing Pondaung Formation. p.131-151. In "Proceedings of the Pondaung Fossil Expedition Team." Pondaung Fossil Expedition Team (ed.) Office of Strategic Studies, Ministry of Defence: Yangon. Aye Ko Aung (2004) The primate-bearing Pondaung Formation in the upland area, northwest of Central Myanmar. p.205-217. In "Anthropoid origins: new visions." Ross, C. and Kay, R.F. (eds.) Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press: New York. Bender, F. (1983) Geology of Burma. Gebriider Borntraeger: Berlin. 293pp. Chhibber, H.L. (1934) The geology of Burma. Macmillan: London. xxviii+538pp. Cotter, G. de P. and Clegg, E.L.G. (1938) Geology of parts of Minbu, Myingyan, Pakokku, and lower Chindwin Districts, Burma. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 72:x1+1-136,pls.1-11. IGCP National Committee (1981) Stratigraphic committee field excursion in the Saw, Tilin and Gangaw areas. Field excursion no.8, p.1-15, apdx A-D, pertographic descriptions and geological map. Maung Maung (1994) Petrology of the Shwezettaw—Kyauk-Oo—NgapeArea, Minbu and Ngape townships, Magway Division. M. Sc. Thesis, Mandalay University, Mandalay. 154 pp., 101 figs., 53 tabs., 1 map. Maung Maung, Thaung Htike, Tsubamoto, T., Suzuki, H., Chit Sein, Egi, N., Zaw Win, Zin Maung Maung Thein, and Aye Ko Aung (2005) Stratigraphy of the primate-bearing beds of the Eocene Pondaung Formation at the Paukkaung area, central Myanmar. Anthropological Science 113:11-15. Suzuki, H., Maung Maung, Zaw Win, Tsubamoto, T., Zin Maung Maung Thein, Egi, N., Takai, M., and Shigehara, N. (2006) Stratigraphic positions of the Eocene vertebrate localities in the Paukkaung area (Pondaung Formation, central Myanmar). Asian Paleoprimatology 4:67-74. Tsubamoto, T., Egi, N., Takai, M., Shigehara, N., Aye Ko Aung, Tin Thein, Aung Naing Soe, and Soe Thura Tun (2000) A preliminary report on the Eocene mammals of the Pondaung fauna, Myanmar. Asian Paleoprimatology 1:29-101. Tsubamoto, T., Egi, N., Takai, M., Shigehara, N., Suzuki, H., Nishimura, T., Ugai, H., Maung-Maung, Chit-Sein, Soe Thura Tun, Aung Naing Soe, Aye Ko Aung, Tin Thein, Thaung-Htike, and Zin-Maung- Maung-Thein (2006) A summary of the Pondaung fossil expeditions. Asian Paleoprimatology 4:1-66. Tsubamoto, T., Takai, M., Shigehara, N., Egi, N., Soe Thura Tun, Aye Ko Aung, Maung Maung, Danhara, T., and Suzuki, H. (2002) Fission-track zircon age of the Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar. Journal of Human Evolution 42:361-369.
79 Suzuki et al.
horizon (m) 42 21 - .65 Legend E=D<> ,=> nodule 20 — caliche ripple
/ 40 — convolute lamination
fining and thining upward <=> desiccation crack - I wood chip
mud clast
15 — plane bed
F flute mark
35 T tool mark
burrows
=)<=> lenticular bedding
coal chip
flaser bedding
wavy lamination 10—
pebbly sandstone
30 — bedded sandstone
parallel lamination
/// / planar-type cross stratification I trough -type cross stratification 5 — tuff coal peat claystone peaty I 25- claystone siltstone peaty ' o 0 o siltstone very fine-grained sandstone F T I fine-grained sandstone medium-grained sandstone F T 0coarse -grained Tabyin Formation21 -sandstone _0 (17, • conglomerate
Figure 2. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (1). Basal part of the Pondaung Formation. Road section.
80
— - / Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk horizon (m) 107.4 - 64- 85.5 85 —
00 - (t, 105 —
60 —
80 —
100
<=> 55 —
75
95 — =
50—
70
90
45—
65 —
42.65 - 64 - ° 85 .5 -
Figure 3. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (2). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
81 Suzuki et al.
horizon (m) 128.9 I- 150.5 228 .15 T 150 — --A--, 11.5m lack
215 —
125 — ---
145 —
trir 210—
120 —
----K-c\ / //
140 — _
-
---c-c\ 205 —
115 —
135 —
_-SC-(-5- 200.3 ----- 46m lack
110 — ---<\---\ ——— ———
130 —
107.4 - 128.9 150.5 - Figure 4. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (3). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
82
- Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk horizon (m) 278 299.5 249 -
calcareous 275 — nodules grey
245 — 295 —
thinly bedded
calcareous nodules270 —
grey
purplish—290 240 grey
purplish grey
265 —
235 — 285 —
262.4- - 8.4m lack
clayey thinly bedded
230 — 280 —
250 —
228.15 249 - 278 -
Figure 5. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (4). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
83 Suzuki et al.
horizon (m) 321 - 363 390 —
320 — thinly bedded grey
360 — OP OD manly N23°W lenses 40°E
385 — marly layer
.=^ purplish 315 — 356.6
22.2m lack calcareous lens
yellowish brown 381.6 7m lack
grey sandy
310 — yellowish brown 330— 111—dark brown
grey
<=> 0 C=> I370 — yellowish b rown
305 — (=>0 (=,
325 — grey
II•— purplish
- - b edded, 365 — thickness 5-20cm
thinly bedded 300 — ors calcareousnodules321 - 363 - = (diameter10-35cm) 299.5- —
Figure 6. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (5). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
84 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
horizon (m) 441 - 482.5 415 — = _ 482.05- 440 — ---=---14.9m lack 467.15 bedded, thickness 3-30cm silty N33°W46°E
grey 465 — marly nodules (diameter 8-30cm)
1 D lenticular I 410 — 1 0 0 435 — 1 - - brown yellowish
460 — micaceous partly - micaceous 405 —430.5 N1°W 46°E --,-,5.5m lack 425 — 456.35 ..— 6.7m lack 449.65
N11°W 55°SE thinlybedded, thickness 1-9cm grey 400 — N45°E43°SE 420 — 398.7- I =---- 5m lack 445 —
bed thickness 4-13cm
Fil dark brown greenishgrey 390 — 415— 441
Figure 7. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (6). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
85
r Suzuki et al. horizon(m) 566 - 504.05= I • •587 N8°W52-58°E 565 — micaceous gradualchange
0 0 585 — CI
= sandy
500 —
N12°W52°E gradualchange 560 —
580 - - ••mud clast: • • • •tsoevie.r5aclmmm
495 —
— gradualchange large scale 555 — trough cross sandystratification yellowish b rown
575 — • • planarjoint • • 55 mud clast: 2.1 - severalmm to3.5cm 490 — 17m lack 535 = gradualchange 534.6 - 10m lack N12°W54°E 524.6 -
marlynodule 570 — (diameter10.20cm) grey
lenticular grey grey _ 485 — grey Alternating 520.55 - / bouedtswedge 16.5m lack 504.05 1 566 - 482.5 -
Figure 8. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (7). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
86 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk horizon (m) 610 — N3°W 56°E 632.15 isandstonelens 653 - nclined
micaceous = gradualchange 630 —
650 — dark grey silty
605 — gradualchange
micaceous
625 — 624.4 2m lack 645 — 622.4 yellowish brown 600 —
599.1 2.5m lack 620 — 596.6
c) ED cylindricalnodule 595 — 640 — 1.2m lack CD — gradualchange 1 N25°Wsilty41°E = o calcareousnodules (diameter9-18cm)
° contain 615 — granules
gradualchange
590 — 635 — yellowish brown
587 - 610 —632.15 -
Figure 9. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (8). Road section. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
87 Suzuki et al.
horizon (m)Road section Section south of road 674 - 695 7- small scale crossstratifi- cation cation
* ° • • trough-type GPS ° ° ° ° ° cross stratification 670 — 0 o subangularsubroundedtopebbles 0 ° ° o ° withpebbles • • smaller than 2-3cm trough-type 690 ° 0 crossstratification 0 with pebbles
silty
/
// , 665 —
685 —
411111 interbedded with siltstone seam b rownish grey )
OD //dark) t grey silty aper off dark grey N8°W53°E
660 —
680 — 1 1 I
655 —
- 675 —
653 - 674 - Figure 10. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (9). Road section and section south of the road. Two sections are correlated by the gritty to pebbly sandstone horizon with trough-type cross stratification. Legend is the same as Figure 2. GPS-position of the outcrop with asterisk of the road section was measured as 21°27'3.5"N, 94°17' 58.4"E.
88
• Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
horizon (m) 716 - 737 - 758-
715 - -
dark grey 735 -
755 -
blueish grey
largee 710 - sscales.I.atifi_ cation-
730 -
750 -
0., ,.. intercalation E of claystone cU mud draped, _
705 - cu Qom.,
0Qom.,;-11 clayey,peatwithy,745 patches — cu- 4Z greenish grey-
a)
cu
0
700-/ large scale . cross stratifi- cation 720 - '.- silty, grey 740 - brownish
- intercalationwith claystone peat of patches
smallscale crossstratifi- cation
695 - 716 737
Figure 11. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (10). Section south of the road. The boundary between the Lower and Upper Members is levelled at the horizon 724.8 m. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
89
p- = - E1 Suzuki et al.
horizon(m) 779 - 800 821 silty, grey greenish 820 —
thick bedded 775 —
795 —
815 —
770 —
intercalation 790 — of claystone
810 —
mud drapeson troughplane
intercalation 765 — and claystone peat of
785 — -- f ossilwood 805 —
760 —
780 —
758 - 779 _, 800
Figure 12. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (11). Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
90 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
horizon(m) 842 863 884
light grey
840 —
860 —
880 —
dark to brownish grey
835 —
855 —
875 —
lightgrey
830 —
850 —
870 —
brownish grey 825 — massive, grey light 845 —
865 —
821 - 842 863
Figure 13. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (12). Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
91 Suzuki et al. horizon(m) 905 — 926 947
925 —
945 —
dark grey
yellowish brown 900 —
920 —
940 —
895 — dark to brownish grey 915 muddrapes — ontrough plane - - 935 —
890 —
910 — yellowish brown - - 930 — massive, light grey
885 —
884 905 926
Figure 14. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (13). Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
92 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
horizon (m) 968 - 989 1010
yellowish brown
965 —
- 985 —
- 1005 — yellowish brown scale small trough cross — — stratification
960 —
- 980 —
yellowish 1000 — brown
955 —
- 975— large scale thinly troughcross laminated stratification 995 — peat patches
950 — silty, grey light 970 —
- 990 —
947 - 968 989
Figure 15. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (14). Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
93 Suzuki et al. horizon (m) 1031 - 1052 1073
1030 —
- 1050 —
1070 —
withmud drapes
1025 — yellowish with brown, muddrapes - 1045 — andconcretion large scale trough cross 1065 — stratification
yellowish b rown,with concretion 1020 —
1040 —
- 1060 —
dark grey 1015 —shale
- 1035 —
yellowish -1055 brown,withlargescale — concretiontrough cross stratification
1010 — 1031 1052
Figure 16. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (15). Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
94 Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
horizon (m) 1094 - 1115 1136 vertebrate fossil 1135 — fragments
1090 —
1110 — <>
1130 —
0.5m lack
1085 —
1105 —
1125 —
1080 —
1100 —
1120 —
0 ,=) (=>
1075 —
1095 —
1073 — 1094 1115
Figure 17. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (16). Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
95
Suzuki et al.
horizon (m) 1157 is 1
1155 —
silty claystone and clayey shale are interbedded
1150 —
Yaw Formation 1167.5
1145 —
silty 1165 —
(=> (=> c)
— — —
1140— CD 0 CD
sandy 6 1160 -
- - • .
=== gritty (:::>0 c---)1
1136- 1157
Figure 18. Lithologic column of the Pondaung Formation (17). Uppermost part of the Pondaung Formation. Section south of the road. Legend is the same as Figure 2.
96
Lithostratigraphy of the Pondaung Formation to the west of Pauk
•''.VI,-:. ...' Y'
% .. -•"' '' i. L., I
'-`
' .. ..1 i+. . A - -, ...
..
.,.., .
i
.• A'
.et. • • , f'' :-
1111W.- . .m• r=7c. • .. . ,. • . . -- ...- ..
.., ..•, •
Figure 19. Sandstone with the large-scale trough-type cross stratification. Horizon around 670 m. Road section.
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97
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