Introduction 1 the Nuclear Program of the Shah (1957–79)
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Q3 2010 Iran Oil & Gas Report INCLUDES 10-YEAR FORECASTS to 2019
Q3 2010 www.businessmonitor.com IRAN OIL & GAS REPORT INCLUDES 10-YEAR FORECASTS TO 2019 ISSN 1748-4022 Published by Business Monitor International Ltd. IRAN OIL & GAS REPORT Q3 2010 INCLUDES 10-YEAR FORECASTS TO 2019 Part of BMI’s Industry Survey & Forecasts Series Published by: Business Monitor International Copy deadline: May 2010 Business Monitor International © 2010 Business Monitor International. Mermaid House, All rights reserved. 2 Puddle Dock, London, EC4V 3DS, All information contained in this publication is UK copyrighted in the name of Business Monitor Tel: +44 (0) 20 7248 0468 International, and as such no part of this publication Fax: +44 (0) 20 7248 0467 may be reproduced, repackaged, redistributed, resold in email: [email protected] whole or in any part, or used in any form or by any web: http://www.businessmonitor.com means graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or by information storage or retrieval, or by any other means, without the express written consent of the publisher. DISCLAIMER All information contained in this publication has been researched and compiled from sources believed to be accurate and reliable at the time of publishing. However, in view of the natural scope for human and/or mechanical error, either at source or during production, Business Monitor International accepts no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage resulting from errors, inaccuracies or omissions affecting any part of the publication. All information is provided without warranty, and Business Monitor International makes no representation of warranty of any kind as to the accuracy or completeness of any information hereto contained. -
Grenzen Politischer Reform- Und Handlungsspielräume in Iran
Semiramis Akbari Grenzen politischer Reform- und Handlungsspielräume in Iran Die Bedeutung innenpolitischer Dynamiken für die Außenpolitik HSFK-Report 9/2006 Redaktionsschluss: 22. Januar 2007 © Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (HSFK) Adresse der Autorin: HSFK x Leimenrode 29 x 60322 Frankfurt am Main Telefon: (069) 95 91 04-0 x Fax: (069) 55 84 81 E-Mail: [email protected] x Internet: www.hsfk.de ISBN-10: 3-937829-41-5 ISBN-13: 978-3-937829-41-8 Euro 6,- Zusammenfassung Nahezu täglich berichten die Medien über Irans Nuklearambitionen. Das internationale Medieninteresse an Teherans Atompolitik hat insbesondere seit dem Amtsantritt des sechsten Staatspräsidenten der Islamischen Republik im August 2005 zugenommen. Ent- gegen den Erwartungen und Prognosen im In- und Ausland wurde in Iran am 24. Juni 2005 ein Ultrakonservativer zum Nachfolger des reformorientierten fünften Staatspräsi- denten Mohammad Khatami (1997-2005) gewählt. Der Sieg Mahmud Ahmadinejads wird nicht nur als eines der wichtigsten Ereignisse in die postrevolutionäre Geschichte der Isla- mischen Republik Irans eingehen, sondern stellt zugleich eine Zäsur im Verhältnis der westlichen Staatengemeinschaft zu Iran dar. Dies lässt sich unter anderem daran ablesen, dass die internationale Kritik, insbesonde- re der USA an Iran enorm zugenommen hat. Die Bush-Regierung begreift den schiiti- schen Gottesstaat vor allem aufgrund seiner Nuklearambitionen als Bedrohung für den Weltfrieden. Iran befindet sich seit 2003 in schwierigen Verhandlungen mit der Interna- tionalen Atomenergie Organisation (IAEO) in Wien über das umstrittene iranische Nu- klearprogramm. Neben dem multilateralen Kontrollregime (IAEO) spielen bei den Ver- handlungen externe Akteure, darunter die USA, die EU-3 (Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien) sowie Russland und China eine wichtige Rolle. -
EXPLANING the ECONOMIC CONTROL of IRAN by the IRGC by MATTHEW DOUGLAS ROBIN
EXPLANING THE ECONOMIC CONTROL OF IRAN BY THE IRGC by MATTHEW DOUGLAS ROBIN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in Political Science in the College of Sciences and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2011 Thesis Chair: Dr. Houman Sadri ©2011 Matthew Douglas Robin ii ABSTRACT In 1979, Iran underwent the Islamic Revolution, which radically changed society. The Iranian Revolution Guard (IRGC) was born from the revolution and has witnessed its role in society changed over time. Many have said the IRGC has reached the apex of its power and is one of if not the dominating force in Iranian society. The most recent extension of the IRGC’s control is in the economic realm. The purpose of this research is to explain the reasoning and mechanism behind this recent gain in power. The literature review demonstrates flaws by previous studies of Iran. Most used a singular focus on explaining the IRGC’s influence on Iran’s economy by only focusing on political or economic aspects. This study will show how explaining the political economy of Iran best explains the role of the IRGC in Iran. The research uses event-data analysis to synthesize previous research performed on Iran. The researcher used various sources to explain the recent rise in the IRGC’s power. Focus was placed on explaining three aspects of Iran’s political economy, elected institutions, accountable businesses, and unaccountable businesses. Elected institutions included the majlis (the Iranian parliament) and the presidency. -
READ Middle East Brief 80
Judith and Sidney Swartz Director Prof. Shai Feldman Can Rouhani Revitalize Iran’s Oil and Gas Associate Director Kristina Cherniahivsky Industry? Charles (Corky) Goodman Professor of Middle East History and Prof. Nader Habibi Associate Director for Research Naghmeh Sohrabi Senior Fellows Abdel Monem Said Aly, PhD oon after his victory in the June 2013 presidential Khalil Shikaki, PhD Selections, Hassan Rouhani announced that reforming Myra and Robert Kraft Professor and revitalizing the oil and gas sector would be one of his of Arab Politics Eva Bellin government’s top priorities. He and many of his aides showed Henry J. Leir Professor of the no hesitation in criticizing the policies of former president Economics of the Middle East Ahmadinejad toward the oil and gas industry in his two-term Nader Habibi tenure. Sylvia K. Hassenfeld Professor of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies Kanan Makiya Like other oil-exporting nations, Iran depends heavily on oil revenues to finance government expenditures and pay for imports. When these revenues Junior Research Fellow decline, the economy suffers. A combination of international sanctions Eric Lob, PhD and poor domestic management led to a gradual decline in daily oil output Postdoctoral Researcher and stagnation in natural gas output in most of the years of Ahmadinejad’s Jonathan L. Snow, PhD presidency. The decline accelerated in 2012 as the United States and the European Union introduced new sanctions against Iran’s oil exports and put pressure on countries that were buying hydrocarbon products from Iran. While the Ahmadinejad administration put most of the blame for this decline on sanctions, critics of his government claimed that his own policies caused more damage to the oil and gas sector than did the sanctions. -
Grenzen Politischer Reform-Und Handlungsspielräume in Iran
www.ssoar.info Grenzen politischer Reform- und Handlungsspielräume in Iran: die Bedeutung innenpolitischer Dynamiken für die Außenpolitik Akbari, Semiramis Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung (HSFK) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Akbari, S. (2007). Grenzen politischer Reform- und Handlungsspielräume in Iran: die Bedeutung innenpolitischer Dynamiken für die Außenpolitik. (HSFK-Report, 9/2006). Frankfurt am Main: Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-283709 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. -
The National Iranian Oil Company in Iranian Politics
THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY THE NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL COMPANY IN IRANIAN POLITICS BY DANIEL BRUMBERG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ARIEL I. AHRAM GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PREPARED IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN ENERGY STUDY SPONSORED BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY AND JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER RICE UNIVERSITY – MARCH 2007 THIS PAPER WAS WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE JOINT BAKER INSTITUTE/JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER POLICY REPORT, THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THIS PAPER HAS BEEN REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE RELEASE. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND THE VIEWS EXPRESSED WITHIN ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY NOR THOSE OF THE JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER. © 2007 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY ABOUT THE POLICY REPORT THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS Of world proven oil reserves of 1,148 billion barrels, approximately 77% of these resources are under the control of national oil companies (NOCs) with no equity participation by foreign, international oil companies. The Western international oil companies now control less than 10% of the world’s oil and gas resource base. In terms of current world oil production, NOCs also dominate. -
Irans Relations with China and the West Cooperation And
Iran’s Relations with China and the West Cooperation and Confrontation in Asia Willem van Kemenade November 2009 NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ‘CLINGENDAEL’ CIP-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague Van Kemenade, Willem: Cooperation and Confrontation in Asia: Iran’s Relations with China and the West The Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael Diplomacy Papers No. 24 ISBN: 978-90-5031-1472 Desktop publishing by Ragnhild Drange Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael Diplomatic Studies Programme Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Telephone +31(0)70 - 3746628 Telefax +31(0)70 - 3746666 P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl The Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ is an independent institute for research, training and public information on international affairs. It publishes the results of its own research projects and the monthly Internationale Spectator and offers a broad range of courses and conferences covering a wide variety of international issues. It also maintains a library and documentation centre. © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright-holders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box -
The Emergence of Iran's Revolutionary Guards' Regime
Iran: From Regional Challenge to Global Threat A Jerusalem Center Anthology Brig.-Gen. (ret.) Dr. Shimon Shapira (ed.) with Amb. Dore Gold, Maj.-Gen. (ret.) Yaakov Amidror, Maj.-Gen. (ret.) Aharon Ze'evi Farkash, Brig.-Gen (ret.) Yossi Kuperwasser, Dr. Shmuel Bar, Uzi Rubin, Lt.-Col. (ret.) Michael Segall, Dr. Harold Rhode, Col. (ret.) Dr. Jacques Neriah, Amb. Zvi Mazel Published by the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs at Smashwords Copyright 2012 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Other ebook titles by the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: Israel's Critical Security Requirements for Defensible Borders Israel's Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai Street, Jerusalem, Israel Tel. 972-2-561-9281 Fax. 972-2-561-9112 Email: [email protected] – www.jcpa.org ISBN: 978-1-4657-5950-4 Production Director: Mark Ami-El Cover: Iran Nuclear Facility at Fordow * * * * * Contents Foreword – Shimon Shapira Part I – The Military Threat from Iran The Threat from Nuclear Weapons What Is Happening to the Iranian Nuclear Program? Dore Gold The U.S. National Intelligence Estimate on Iran and Its Aftermath: A Roundtable of Israeli Experts Yaakov Amidror, Aharon Ze'evi Farkash, and Yossi Kuperwasser The Limited Influence of International Sanctions on Iran's Nuclear Program Yossi Kuperwasser Iran Signals Its Readiness for a Final Confrontation Michael Segall Can Cold War Deterrence Apply to a Nuclear Iran? Shmuel Bar Other Iranian Military Capabilities New Developments in Iran's Missile Capabilities: -
Iran's Political Economy Since the Revolution
Iran’s Political Economy since the Revolution More than three decades after the Iranian Revolution reconfigured the strategic landscape in the Middle East, scholars are still trying to decipher its aftereffects. Suzanne Maloney provides the first comprehen- sive overview of Iran’s political economy since the 1979 revolution and offers detailed examinations of two aspects of the Iranian economy of direct interest to scholars and nonspecialist readers of Iran: the energy sector and the role of sanctions. Based on the author’s research and experience as both a scholar and government adviser, the book features the evolution of the Islamic Republic from its revolutionary beginnings to a system whose legitimacy is grounded in its ability to deliver devel- opment and opportunity to its cititzenry. Moving chronologically from the early years under Khomeini, through the economic deprivations of the 1980s during the Iran-Iraq War, through liberalization under Kha- tami, to the present, Maloney offers fascinating insights into Iran’s domestic politics and how economic policies have affected ideology, leadership priorities, and foreign relations. Suzanne Maloney is a senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution Center for Middle East Policy. Iran’s Political Economy since the Revolution SUZANNE MALONEY Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521738149 © Suzanne Maloney 2015 This publication is in copyright. -
Country of Origin Information Report Iran
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT IRAN 27 OCTOBER 2006 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE IRAN 27 OCTOBER 2006 Contents PREFACE Latest News EVENTS IN IRAN, FROM 1 OCTOBER TO 27 OCTOBER 2006 REPORTS ON IRAN PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 1 OCTOBER 2006 AND 27 OCTOBER 2006 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.03 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Sanctions……………………………………………………………….2.13 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Pre 1979………………………………………………………………. .3.02 1979 to 1999……………………………………………………………3.04 2000 to date…………………………………………………………….3.14 Student unrest………………………………………………………...3.20 Parliamentary elections – February 2004…………………….......3.30 Presidential elections – June 2005………………………………...3.34 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................... 5.01 POLITICAL SYSTEM.................................................................................... 6.01 Political parties………………………………………………………..6.04 Human Rights INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 7.01 SECURITY -
Believes in Law, Believes in Planning South Korea
Rls. 300,000 / €30 July 2016 / Nos. 78&79 www.iraninternationalmagazine.com www.iraninternational.ir Iran International, the Forum for Partners in Iran’s Marketplace South Korea Believes in Law, Believes in Planning Investment li Ashraf Afkhami, Managing financing steel, petrochemical, power We should consider treated in the same way we treat others.” Director of Bank of Industry and plant and infrastructural industries. In Iran’s cooperation He reiterated: “True that as foreign AMine in a meeting with a del- pace with foreign partners, it can further investors you are after taking advantage egation from Germany’s Global Bridges strengthen its crucial role in the original with the international of specific conditions for investment in outlined the latest economic, cultural and Iran Welcomes and creditable Iranian market. community and vice Iran. I bluntly say that business atmo- social developments in the country and Afkhami stressed: “As a bank we sphere and entering into economic mar- noted that suitable opportunities were believe that having plans and prospects versa as a specific ket within a framework of competition now available in financial, monetary and can have serious effects on cooperation. economic opportunity is very important and this atmosphere is infrastructural industries of Iran. Foreign We should consider Iran’s cooperation now available here.” Afkhami further remarked that the with the international community and that can entail positive He further remarked: “We intend to atmosphere of economic and public tran- vice -
Understanding Iran: People, Politics and Power
Understanding Iran: People, Politics and Power Hugh Barnes Alex Bigham April 2006 First published in 2006 by The Foreign Policy Centre 49 Chalton Street London NW1 1HY UNITED KINGDOM Email: [email protected] © Foreign Policy Centre 2006 All rights reserved ISBN-13: 978 1 903558 88 6 ISBN-10: 1 903558 88 3 Cover design by Joanna Zenghelis About the Authors Disclaimer Hugh Barnes is the director of the FPC's Democracy and Conflict The views in this paper are not necessarily those of the Foreign programme. He has worked as a foreign correspondent for over Policy Centre. twenty years. He covered the war in Kosovo for the Financial Times, New Statesman and Independent on Sunday, and the war in Afghanistan for the Sunday Times. He also worked in Moscow for three years as a senior correspondent for Agence France Presse. In addition to writing on conflict in Russia, Central Asia, Africa and the Middle East, he has published a novel, ‘Special Effects’ (Faber & Faber, 1994), and a biography of Pushkin's African great- grandfather, ‘Gannibal: The Moor of Petersburg’ (Profile, 2005). Alex Bigham is the Communications Officer of the FPC. He manages the FPC's external communications with stakeholders and the media. He is currently working on the FPC's membership scheme, on a research project on the role of faith in international relations and is a researcher on the FPC's Iran programme. He has appeared in the national and international press and broadcast media. He has worked in Parliament for MPs David Lammy and Patricia Hewitt, for a think tank, the New Health Network, and for Opinion Leader Research.