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Resilience in the Sahel-Enhanced (RISE) Program Impact Evaluation: Report of Recurrent Monitoring Survey 2018-2019

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Resilience in the Sahel-Enhanced (RISE) Program Impact Evaluation: Report of Recurrent Monitoring Survey 2018-2019 Save the Children | 2016 Resilience in the Sahel-Enhanced (RISE) Program Impact Evaluation: Report of Recurrent Monitoring Survey 2018-2019 July 2020 ABOUT THE REAL AWARD Resilience Evaluation, Analysis and Learning (REAL) is a consortium-led effort funded by the USAID Center for Resilience. It was established to respond to growing demand among USAID Missions, host governments, implementing organizations, and other key stakeholders for rigorous, yet practical, monitoring, evaluation, strategic analysis, and capacity building support. Led by Save the Children, REAL draws on the expertise of its partners: Food for the Hungry, Mercy Corps, and TANGO International. RECOMMENDED CITATION Smith, L., and Frankenberger, T. (2020). Resilience in the Sahel-Enhanced (RISE) Program Impact Evaluation: Report of Recurrent Monitoring Survey. Produced by TANGO International and Save the Children as part of the Resilience Evaluation, Analysis and Learning (REAL) Associate Award. DISCLAIMER This brief was made possible by the generous support and contribution of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the REAL Associate Award and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. COVER PHOTO Eleven-year-old Zeinabou, left, pounding millet with her mother, Barira, on Wednesday, Dec. 7, 2016 at her home in the Maradi region of Niger. Photo credit: Victoria Zegler / Save the Children. 2016. CONTACT INFORMATION The REAL Associate Award TANGO International c/o Save the Children Tim Frankenberger 899 North Capitol Street NE 376 S. Stone Ave. Tucson Arizona 85701 Washington, DC 20002 Tel: 520-270-6142 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] RISE Program Impact Evaluation: Report of Recurrent Monitoring Survey ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TANGO would like to thank numerous individuals for the support they provided to the RISE Recurrent Monitoring Survey 2018-19. They include Greg Collins, Tiffany Griffin, Lynn Michalopoulos, Melissa Levenger, Sally Rey, and Andre Mershon (Bureau for Resilience and Food Security, USAID), as well as Patrick Smith and Bescaye Diop (USAID Senegal). In addition, we wish to acknowledge the staff of Centre d’ Expérimentations Economiques et Sociales pour l’ Africque l’ Ouest-Association Internationale (CESAO) for their work in collecting the quantitative and qualitative data and supporting the logistics for this survey. We are grateful to Dramane Coulibaly the head of CESAO for his support. Doug Brown is acknowledged for his work on the data analysis, Tommaso Rosso for help with translating the qualitative data, and Carrie Presnall for formatting assistance. We also wish to thank Chris Bene for his work on the qualitative data collection. Lastly, we wish to thank all of the gracious people in the villages of the RISE program areas in Burkina Faso and Niger that took the time to be interviewed for this survey. Tim Frankenberger President TANGO International Acknowledgements i REAL | Resilience Evaluation, Analysis and Learning TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ i Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. ii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v List of Boxes ....................................................................................................................... v Acronyms........................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ vii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The RISE Program ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Objectives of this Report and Research Questions ................................................................. 9 1.3 Organization of the Report .........................................................................................................10 2. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Quantitative Data Collection and Analysis ..............................................................................11 2.1.1 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.2 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.2 Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis .................................................................................18 2.2.1 Qualitative Data Collection .................................................................................................. 18 2.2.2 Qualitative Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 19 3. Household Shock Exposure and Coping Strategies .............................................. 20 3.1 Shock Exposure: Perspectives from the RISE Quantitative Household Surveys .............21 3.1.1 Changes in Shock Exposure since the Baseline ................................................................ 21 3.1.2 Evolution of Shock Exposure over the RMS Period ........................................................ 23 3.2 Climate Shock Exposure Data from the African Flood and Drought Monitor ...............28 3.3 Summary Indicators of Shock Exposure from Household and Satellite Data ..................32 3.4 Household Coping Strategies: Perspectives from the Quantitative Data .........................33 3.5 Shocks and Coping Strategies: Qualitative Findings ...............................................................36 3.5.1 Qualitative Findings for the Burkina Faso Program Area ............................................... 36 3.5.2 Qualitative Findings for the Niger Program Area ............................................................ 42 3.6 Summary ..........................................................................................................................................48 3.6.1 Shock Exposure ....................................................................................................................... 48 3.6.2 Coping Strategies ..................................................................................................................... 48 4. Household Food Security and Resilience in the Face of Shocks ......................... 50 4.1 Changes in Food Security since the Baseline ...........................................................................50 4.2 The Effect of Shocks on Household Food Security ................................................................52 4.3 Household Resilience in the Face of Shocks ............................................................................57 4.3.1 Objective Indicators of Resilience ....................................................................................... 57 4.3.2 Subjective Indicator of Resilience ........................................................................................ 59 4.3.3 Descriptive Statistics for Resilience Indicators ................................................................. 59 4.4 Has Resilience Increased since the Baseline? ...........................................................................60 4.5 Summary ..........................................................................................................................................61 ii Table of Contents RISE Program Impact Evaluation: Report of Recurrent Monitoring Survey 5. Humanitarian Assistance and Government Responsiveness ............................... 62 5.1 Humanitarian Assistance ..............................................................................................................62 5.2 Government Responsiveness ......................................................................................................64 5.3 Summary ..........................................................................................................................................65 6. Shock Recovery: The Role of Households’ Resilience Capacities ....................... 66 6.1 Did Households’ Resilience Capacities Help Them Recover from Shocks? .....................68 6.1.1 Overall Resilience Capacity ................................................................................................... 68 6.1.2 The Three Dimensions of Resilience Capacity ................................................................. 70 6.1.3 Did Resilience Capacity Reduce the Negative Impact of Shocks on Food Security? 70 6.2 Which Specific Resilience Capacities Helped Households Recover? .................................72 6.2.1 Recovery from Shocks of the RMS Period ........................................................................ 72 6.2.2 Comparison with Findings from the Baseline
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