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Maps & Facts: Food and Nutrition Crisis 2020, Analyses & Responses

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Maps & Facts: Food and Nutrition Crisis 2020, Analyses & Responses No.3, NOVEMBER 2020 MAPS & FACTS FOOD AND NUTRITION CRISIS 2020 www.food-security.net ANALYSES & RESPONSES SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Club Secretariat ABOUT THE RPCA Promoting dialogue and co-ordination, building a coherent and shared understanding of the food and nutrition situation, and nurturing decision-making: these objectives have been at the heart of the Food Crisis Prevention Network’s (RPCA) mission for over 35 years. Created in 1984, the RPCA is an international network for co-operation and co-ordination under the political leadership of the Commissions of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). Co-ordinated jointly by the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) and the Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat (SWAC/OECD), the RPCA brings together more than 100 key stakeholders: representatives of Sahelian and West African countries, regional organisations, regional and international information systems, bilateral and multilateral co-operation agencies, humanitarian agencies and international NGOs, agricultural professional organisations, civil society and the private sector. SAHEL AND Prepared by Julia Wanjiru, Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat (SWAC/OECD) WEST AFRICA Club Secretariat Contributors: Issoufou Baoua (CILSS), Cédric Bernard (ACF), Ali Bety (CH-Initiative 3N, Niger), Anne-Céline Delinger (UNICEF), Mado Diakité (CH-Initiative 3N, Niger), Saliou Faye (SE-CNSA, Senegal), Seyni Hamadou (UEMOA), Mahalmoudou Hamadoun (CILSS), Malick Lompo (ECOWAS), Nicole Mansis (SE-CNSA, Senegal), Simeon Nanama (UNICEF), Abdoulaye Ndiaye (WFP), John Ntambi (UNICEF), Gabriel Pons (Oxfam), Jean-Pierre Senghor (SE-CNSA, Senegal), Ollo Sib (WFP), Ousman Tall (SWAC/OECD), Sy Alain Traoré (ECOWAS), Sy Martial Traoré (CILSS) and Sibiri Jean Zoundi (SWAC/OECD). The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of OECD member countries or RPCA members. Authorised for publication by Laurent Bossard, Director, SWAC/OECD Secretariat. RECOMMENDED CITATION SWAC/OECD (2020), Food and Nutrition Crisis 2020, Analyses & Responses, Maps & Facts, No. 3, November 2020. Cover photo: Kola Sulaimon, AFP; back cover photo: ACF. CONTENTS FOOD & NUTRITION SECURITY TRENDS P. 6 AGGRAVATING FACTORS P. 30 • 11.4 million people in “Crisis” or worse situation, March-May 2020 • Insecurity • 17 million people in “Crisis” or worse situation, June-August 2020 • Displacement • The Cadre harmonisé analysis • High food prices • Key figures • Covid-19 pandemic and related measures • Prevalence of severe food insecurity • Impact of Covid-19 on local food stocks • Food insecurity trends over time • Flooding • Desert locust threat ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY HOTSPOTS P. 12 • Nigeria: 7.1 million acutely food-insecure people NATIONAL RESPONSES P. 38 • Entrenched conflict in northeast Nigeria • An anticipated response • Liptako-Gourma: 2.7 million acutely food-insecure people • Revised response plans • Recurrent food insecurity • Example 1: Burkina Faso’s response • Burkina Faso: 3.3 million acutely food-insecure people • Example 2: Niger’s response • Sierra Leone: 1.3 million acutely food-insecure people • Example 3: Senegal’s response MALNUTRITION P. 21 REGIONAL RESPONSES P. 46 • Acute malnutrition • ECOWAS response • New admissions of malnourished children • UEMOA response • Morbidity and malnutrition in Nigeria • CILSS response • Fewer admissions despite high levels of severe acute malnutrition • Persisting chronic malnutrition INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES P. 50 • Multiple initiatives & co-ordination challenges PASTORAL SITUATION P. 26 • Ministerial roundtable for the Central Sahel • Pastoral communities under strain • Biomass situation REFERENCES P. 52 • Access to grazing land • Transhumance & reduced seasonal mobility This document, as well as any data and maps included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. 4 Maps & Facts: Food and Nutrition Crisis 2020 © Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat (SWAC/OECD) he food and nutrition crisis of 2020 It is important to remember that every year and destructive floods. All of these elements will undoubtedly be remembered millions of people are rescued and hundreds were intertwined, either prompting or Tas one of the most serious in recent of thousands of children benefit from exacerbating matters. decades. Behind the figures that the reader nutrition programmes. Without the continued will come across in this brochure there are mobilisation of all stakeholders, the situation What lessons can be learned from this lives at risk, women in distress, and children would be much worse. However, we cannot combination of problems and the responses whose stunted growth is compromising be complacent about this observation and to them? their prospects of leading a dignified life. All most importantly, we cannot consider that serious threats to the future. our work is over. This is why we need to We hope that this brochure will help inform improve our understanding of the 2020 crisis. this discussion. Its content owes much to the The Members of the Sahel and West Africa Members of the RPCA. It reflects the vibrancy Club (SWAC) and the Food Crisis Prevention An unusually high number of factors of this network, which the SWAC Secretariat Network (RPCA) are concerned. Since the were triggered simultaneously in a fragile has supported for over three decades. severe droughts of the 1970s and 1980s, environment where chronic malnutrition hunger has still not been eradicated, despite is still too prevalent: a paroxysmal security the considerable financial efforts made by crisis and massive population displacements, governments, their regional organisations a pastoral crisis, serious impediments to and the international community. These the functioning of markets stemming from Laurent Bossard concerns must not allow fatalism to take hold. violence and the health crisis, price increases Director, SWAC/OECD Secretariat © Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat (SWAC/OECD) Maps & Facts: Food and Nutrition Crisis 2020 5 FOOD & NUTRITION SECURITY TRENDS 11.4 MILLION PEOPLE IN “CRISIS” OR WORSESAHEL SITUATION,AND WEST AFRICA: MARCH-MAY 2020 SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA: FOOD AND NUTRITIONMap 1. SITUATION FOOD AND NUTRITION OUTLOOK Some 11.4 million people were estimated Food and nutrition11.4 million situation people in thein “Crisis” Sahel andor worse West (phases Africa, 3-5)March-May 2020 17 million people expected to face “Crisis” or worse (phases 3-5) to be in immediate need of assistance (phases 3-5) in March-May 2020 in the Current situation: Projected situation: 13 countries analysed in the Sahel and West March-May 2020 June-August 2020 Africa region, including 5.1 million in Nigeria, 1.6 million in Burkina Faso and 1.6 million in Niger. The food and nutrition situation MAURITANIA MAURITANIA remains difficult in conflict-affected areas MALI MALI such as the Liptako-Gourma area or the Lake NIGER NIGER Chad basin, particularly in northeast Nigeria, SENEGAL CHAD SENEGAL CHAD which accounted for 34% of food insecure people in the region. Some areas are still BURKINA FASO BURKINA FASO GUINEA GUINEA BENIN BENIN not accessible to humanitarian actors, and GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA-BISSAU NIGERIA NIGERIA the situation of people living in these areas CÔTE CÔTE GHANA SIERRA LEONE GHANA remains unknown. In 2020, Sierra Leone was SIERRA LEONE D’IVOIRE D’IVOIRE CABO VERDE LIBERIA CABO VERDE LIBERIA also among the hotspot countries, mostly TOGO TOGO due to macro-economic shocks. The food and nutrition situation in Liberia deteriorated GAMBIA GAMBIA but could not be analysed due to lack of data. Phases of food insecurity Partially inaccessible zones Not analysed Phases of food insecurity Partially inaccessible zones Not analysed Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5 : Famine Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5 : Famine SourceSource:: Cadre Cadre harmoniséharmonisé analyses, analysis, regional regional concertation concertation meeting, Niamey, meeting, Niger, Niamey,March 2020 Niger, March 2020.www.food-security.net Map: © CILSS. Source: Cadre harmonisé analyses, regional concertation meeting, Niamey, Niger, March 2020 www.food-security.net © 2020. Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA), map produced by CILSS/AGRHYMET © 2020. Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA), map produced by CILSS/AGRHYMET 6 Maps & Facts: Food and Nutrition Crisis 2020 © Sahel and West Africa Club Secretariat (SWAC/OECD) Food & nutrition security trends SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA: 17 MILLION PEOPLESAHEL ANDIN “CRISIS” WEST AFRICA: OR WORSE SITUATION, JUNE-AUGUST 2020 FOOD AND NUTRITION SITUATION FOOD AND NUTRITION OUTLOOK Map 2. According to March 2020 estimates 11.4 million people in “Crisis” or worse (phases 3-5) Food and17 nutrition million people outlook expected in the to Sahel face “Crisis”and West or worseAfrica, (phases June-August 3-5) 2020 (pre-Covid-19), some 17 million people were Current situation: Projected situation: projected to be in a “Crisis” or worse situation March-May 2020 June-August 2020 by June-August 2020, including 1.2 million in emergency (phase 4). This is 5 million people more than the five-year average (Figure 2). A MAURITANIA MAURITANIA partial update of the Cadre harmonisé analysis was conducted in Burkina
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