SVERIGES LANTBRUKSUNIVERSITET SLU-55KTL--R —3? Qt>\95 -0*7? 5TS-- 7*«-- PROCEEDINGS Larch genetics and breeding Research findings and ecological-silvicultural demands RECEIVED i *8*20 se ! i O^Til i IUFRO WORKING PARTY S2.02-07 July 31 - August 4,1995 Remningstorp and Siljansfors, Sweden j Edited by I I . Owe Martinsson Institutionen for skogsskotsel Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Rapporter 39 Department of Silviculture Umea 1995 Reports, No. 39 DISTRIBUTION OF *016 DOCUMENT IS UNUM1TK) 4% Institutional! for skogsskotsel Department of Silviculture Forteckning over utgivna RAPPORTER fran och med 1982: List of REPORTSfrom 1982 onwards: 1982 14. Hagglund, B. & Peterson, G. (Editors).: I 7. Olsson, H.: Skogsodlingsresultat i ovre Norr- Broadleaves in Boreal Silviculture - an obstacle j land. Beskrivningoch analys av24 skogsodlings- or an asset? (The report contains seventeen ' objekt (Results of artificial regeneration in papers presented at the Kempe-symposium at j northern Sweden. Description and analysis of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sci- j 24 regeneration areas). ences, Umei, in June 1984). f 1983 15. Martinsson, O.: Markberedningens inlytande j 8. Naslund, B-A.: Tallsidders utveckling fram pi overlevnad, tillvaxt och rot-skottrelation i 1 till forsta gallring. Resultat frin tre forsoksytor foiyngringar av tall, gran och contorta. {The j med och utan enkelstallning. (Development of influence of site preparation onsurvival, growth ; Scots pine seeded plantations to first thinning. and root/shoots ratio in young stands of Scots ; Results from three experimental plots with and pine, Norway spruce and lodgepole pine). ! without release-cutting). 16. Eko, P-M.: En produktionsmodell for skog i : 9. Bjorkroth, G.: Inverkan av hyggesavfall pi Sverige, baserad pa bestind frin riksskogstax- j kvavet och den organiska substansen i nigra 14- eringens provytor. {A growth simulator for ! 18 ir gamla forsoksplanteringar med gran. {The Swedish forests, based on data from the Natio- j influence from slash on nitrogen and organic nal Forest Survey). matter in some 14-18 years old experiments with Norway spruce). 17. Pehap, A. & Sahlen, K.: A literature review of seed respiration. 10. Martinsson, O., Karlman, M. & Lundh, J- E.: Avgingar och skador i odlingsforsok av tall 1986 och contortatall 4-9 ir efter plantering. (Mor­ 18. Naslund, B.-A.: Simulering av skador och av- tality and damage in semipractical trials of ging i ungskog och deras betydelse for be- Scots pine and Lodgepole pine 4-9 years after stindsutvecklingen. {Simulation of damage and plantations). mortality inyoung stands and associated stand development effects). 11. Pehap, A.: A review of literature in the subject of some physiologically active substances in the 19. Albrektson, A., Frivold, H., Holstener- seeds and pollen of forest, fruit and agricultural Jorgensen, H., & Malkonen, E.: Published species. {En litteraturdversikt om nagra fysio- and Unpublished Biomass Studies intheNordic logiska aktiva substanser i pollen och fron fran Countries. An annotated bibliography up to upptagna arter). 1982. 12. Simak, M. & Sahlen, K.: Bibliography on x- 20. Simak, M.: Chromosome aberrations in stored radiography in seed research and testing. seeds of Pinus silvestris and Picea abies and the consequences on plant properties. 1985 1987 13. Bergsten, U.: A study on the influence of seed 21. Pehap, A., Henriksson, G. & Sahlen, K.: predators at direct seeding of Finns sylvestris L. Respiration of individual, germiating spruce seeds: Some investigations and measurements with the Warburg Direct Method. Preface The genus Larix Mill, (larch) represents a great part of the boreal and alpine forests. Larch species are the most common conifers in Siberia and they have an important role in European and North American forest ecosystems and forest economies. The value of these group of species are expected to increase in the future. There are at least three different reasons for that assumption: 1. Larch has highly appreciated technical wood properties. 2. Intensive cutting during the past three centuries, has made larch a threatened group of species in some parts of the world. 3. Increasing access to Siberia will make forestry and forest harvest of larch an important part of the forest economy and ecology. In August 1995 a group of forest scientists gathered under the framework of IUFRO working group S2.02-07 in southern Sweden for exchange of experience in the fields of breeding and silviculture of larch. This proceedings was compiled on the basis of the presentations of this working group. I want to express my gratitude to everybody who contributed in one way or another. Owe Martinsson DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products, images are produced from the best available original document Contents Session I Weisgerber, H. Introduction. 1 Milyutin, L. I. Provenance trials of larch in Siberia. 5 Abaimov, A. P. The larches of Siberian permafrost zone and their species peculiarities in progressive successions. 11 Putenikhin V. P Population structure of larch forests & Farukshina, G. G. in the Urals. 17 Paques, L. E. Intraspecific variability of European Rozenberg, P. larch for wood properties: Preliminary results. 21 Weisgerber, H. Sudetic larch in Germany - Results of provenance and progeny research. 35 Kulej, M. Growth dynamics variation of different larch provenances under the mountain conditions in Poland. 47 Tokar, F. Growth and production of Larix decidua Mill, in Slovakia. 71 Eichel, G. H. The conversion of evenaged into unevenaged mixed conifer forests in southern British Columbia. 75 Kashin V.I. & Growing larch in the Russian North - an outline 89 Kozobrodov, A.S. Martinsson, O. Systematics and differentiation in the genus Larix in Eurasia - Proposal for an international research project 93 Session II Sindelar, J. & Parental partners ’ effects on progenies characteristics on Frydl, J. hybridization within the Larix genus. 99 Franke, A. Results of hybrid larch breeding in Baden-Wurtemberg. 123 Kisanuki, H„ Growth responses of Larix hybrids Kurahashi, A & between L kaempferi and L gmelini var Takahashi, Y. Japonica with altitudinal gradients. 127 Session in Eysteinsson, Th. Strategy for larch breeding in Iceland. 135 Blada, I. Genetic variability of woolly aphid (Adelges laricis Vail.) resistance in European larch (Laric decidua Mill.) 141 Ewald, D & Tissue culture of adult larch as a tool for Kretzschmar, U. breeding purposes. 153 Philippe, G. Contribution to the improvement of seed extraction in larch. 165 Summaries of posters Bastien, C„ Crookedness in Larch: Apparition at the Paques, L. juvenile stage of stem form defects in & Marin, X. relation to the annual shoot growth pattern. 177 Nagasaka, K. Some characteristics of Japanese larch isolated at a northernmost point. 179 Powell, G.R. Seed-cone initiation on short shoots and long shoots of Larix laricina. ■ 181 Shiraishi, S., Phylogenetic studies on east Asian Isoda, K, & Larix species using random amplified Kawasaki, H. polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and RBCL sequence. 183 Stener, L-G Larch seed orchards in Sweden. 185 Takata,K. & Geographic variation in modulus of elasticity and heart Hirakawa, Y. wood ratio among 24 provenances of Japanese larch 189 Wolf, H. Hybrid breeding in the genus Larix - Results and transfer into forestry practice. 191 Summary of field excursion Martinsson, O. Provenance research on Larix in Sweden - Summary from a forest excursion August 1-4, 1995. 193 1 INTRODUCTION “Spruce, pine, juniper and larch are superabundant in the forests of the North and grow so high that they may be compared to high towers". In this quotation larch in Sweden was first mentioned and illustrated in the “History of the Nordic people" published in Rome in 1555 by OLAUS MAGNUS (Fig. 1, quoted by SCHOTTE 1917). There are admittedly doubts as to whether the tree depicted as a larch is not in actual fact a yew. Fig. 1: Drawing of spruce, pine, larch (top, from left) and juniper (bottom) from Swedish forests after OLAUS MAGNUS 1555 (from SCHOTTE 1917) Be that as it may, larch is mentioned increasingly in Swedish literature already in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1782, for example, ALSTROMER recommends the cultivation of “the larch tree and silver pine ... which grow quicker than any other tree known to me, and can be used both as building material and fuel and also for the promotion of beauty and peace" (quoted from SCHOTTE 1917). i Although it was not orginally indigenous to Sweden larch has evidently played a significant role since the second half of the 18th century in the country ’s forestry, which is by nature poor in species. It is undoubtedly thanks to Gunnar SCHOTTE that important findings became known at an early stage and in a comprehensive form on the site requirements, silvicultural behaviour and yield potential of this tree genus in Sweden. In his standard work which resembles a monography and was published in 1917 “Darken och dess betydelse for svensk skogshushallning" (The Larch and its Importance in Swedish Forest Economy) he describes results of the cultivation of different larch species in his country. For the assessment i 66 trial plots were already available under the care of the ‘Swedish State Institute of Experimental Forestry’. 2 Besides the earlier larch cultures there are in Sweden numerous thorough younger trials of which reports have been given by, among others, KEELLANDER (1958), SIMAK (1979) and MARTINSSON (1992). Of particular interest here are the findings and experience gained by our Swedish colleagues in comparative trials of European and Japanese larch with Siberian and American larch species. This year’s meeting of our IUFRO Working Party in Sweden therefore promises to be attractive for all participants. In. making the preparations care was taken to allow easy participation in the subsequent IUFRO World Congress in Finland (06-12 August in Tampere). The theme of our meeting is “Larch genetics and breeding; research findings and ecological-silvicultural demands". The title is a challenge to assess larch research findings in the light of current requirements of an ecologically orientated silviculture.