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California Public Employees' Retirement System

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California Public Employees' Retirement System July 19, 2017 Marcie Frost, Chief Executive Xavier Becerra, Attorney General Officer Office of the Attorney General Henry Jones, Chair, Investment 1300 I Street Committee Sacramento, CA 95814 California Public Employees’ Retirement System 400 Q Street Sacramento, CA 95811 Betty Yee, Controller John Chiang, Treasurer California State Controller California State Treasurer Executive Office 915 Capitol Mall C-15 300 Capitol Mall, Suite 1850 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Re: Request to Evaluate Divestment of CalPERS Investment that Pays President Trump’s Business in Likely Violation of the U.S. Constitution Dear Ms. Frost, Mr. Jones, Attorney General Becerra, Controller Yee, and Treasurer Chiang: We ask that you evaluate whether the California Public Employees’ Retirement System’s ongoing payment of management and performance fees to the CIM Fund III, which in turn directly pays President Trump’s hotel management company, violates CalPERS’s fiduciary duties to its beneficiaries and the Domestic Emoluments Clause of the U.S. Constitution; and if appropriate, to divest. 1 I. CalPERS’s payments to President Trump’s company. As recently reported in Reuters,1 CalPERS is a significant investor in the CIM Fund III real estate fund. About half of the total $2.37 billion investment in CIM Fund III comes from public pension funds, and CalPERS is by far the largest public pension fund invested in the fund, with an initial commitment estimated at approximately $700 million—well over twice as much as the next largest funds.2 In 2015, CIM Fund III acquired the Trump SoHo hotel in New York, NY. While CIM Fund III has apparently not made a capital call from investors since 2014, CalPERS is reportedly required to pay management and performance fees to CIM Fund III, with the most recent quarterly payments due on or about January 31, 2017 and on or about April 10, 2017. According to a public records request response, CalPERS has paid $1.7 million in fees to the General Partner of CIM Fund III between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017.3 Over the past several years, CalPERS has paid $6 to $9 million per year in management and performance fees to CIM Fund III—about half of the total fees paid by all public pension funds. CIM Fund III in turn reportedly has a contract with President Trump’s hotel management company, Trump International Hotels Management LLC (part of a larger network known as the Trump Organization), to manage the hotel. Under this agreement, CIM Fund III pays President Trump’s company 5.75% of gross hotel operating revenue. Furthermore, CIM Fund III pays operating and overhead charges on the unsold hotel suite units (about two-thirds of the total units). In 2015, CIM Fund III paid $3.16 million directly to President Trump’s company under this contract. The fees being paid to the Trump Organization by CIM Fund III are derived, at least in part, from the 1 Julia Harte, Exclusive: A New York hotel deal shows how some public pension funds help to enrich Trump, Reuters, Apr. 26, 2017, http://reut.rs/2pyu2QG. 2 The next largest public pension fund investors in CIM Fund III are the New York State Common Retirement Fund and the Teacher Retirement System of Texas, each of which initially committed $225 million. The other nine public pension funds that are invested in CIM Fund III made initial commitments ranging from $15 to $75 million. 3 On June 26, 2017, Free Speech for People filed a request under the California Public Records Law to obtain information about whether such payments have been made. This request has been designated Public Records Request #3239. CalPERS has not provided responses to the full record request, but did provide the total amount paid from January 1 to March 31, 2017. 2 performance and management fees that CalPERS is required to pay to CIM Fund III. II. CalPERS’s ongoing payments to CIM Fund III which subsidize a company owned by President Trump may violate the U.S. Constitution. While not all relevant facts are publicly available, based on initial reporting, it appears that CalPERS’s ongoing payments to CIM Fund III, which CIM Fund III in turn relays in part to President Trump’s company, may violate CalPERS’s duties and the U.S. Constitution. The arrangements between CalPERS and CIM Fund III, and between CIM Fund III and Mr. Trump’s company, may have been entirely lawful and appropriate before January 20, 2017. But the situation has changed since the inauguration of Mr. Trump as president. The U.S. Constitution’s Domestic Emoluments Clause provides: “The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.”4 This provision, which is not waivable by Congress, prohibits any state from providing additional sources of income to the President. At the Founding, the term “emolument,” from the Latin emolumentum (profit), was understood broadly. For example, Samuel Johnson's influential 1755 dictionary defined “emolument” as “Profit; advantage.”5 Unfortunately, CalPERS’s ongoing payments to CIM Fund III are giving President Trump a “profit” from the state of California—more specifically, from its state workers. We recognize that CalPERS made its initial capital investment in CIM Fund III well before President Trump was elected, and that this investment was lawful at the time. And payments made by CalPERS to CIM Fund III before President Trump’s inauguration certainly do not raise any constitutional questions. However, ongoing regular payments of millions of dollars to a real estate fund that transfers a significant portion of those fees directly to 4 U.S. Const., art. II, § 1, cl. 7 (emphasis added) (also known as the Presidential Compensation Clause). 5 Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language 690 (1755). This broad meaning” is also supported by the sixteen occurrences of the word in William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, https://balkin.blogspot.com/2017/05/emolument-in- blackstonescommentaries.html. 3 President Trump’s company may constitute an unconstitutional emolument from California. And as the supreme law of the land, the U.S. Constitution is part and parcel of the law of California.6 These facts appear distinct from a previous Domestic Emoluments Clause question regarding California pension fund payments: President Reagan’s state pension from his service as governor. In 1981, the U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of Legal Counsel opined that President Reagan’s receipt of his California pension did not violate the Domestic Emoluments Clause.7 There, President Reagan’s California retirement benefits were not found to constitute compensation. Furthermore, President Reagan was being treated no differently than any similarly situated private citizen who had worked for the state of California. Here, it appears that President Trump’s company is being actively compensated, with fees generated from CalPERS, for managing a hotel. President Trump has had more than enough opportunity to remedy the problems presented by his ownership interests in the Trump Organization, but he opted against taking that opportunity. On November 30, 2016, the U.S. Office of Government Ethics announced that the “[o]nly way to resolve these conflicts of interest is to divest.”8 The nearly ten-week transition period between the presidential election and the presidential inauguration gave Mr. Trump sufficient opportunity to resolve these issues in numerous ways.9 For example, he could have liquidated the business and invested the proceeds in a diversified mutual fund or a true blind trust.10 6 See U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2 (“This Constitution . shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”); Cal. Const. art. XX, § 3 (state officials’ oath to “support and defend the Constitution of the United States”). 7 See Larry L. Simms, Office of Legal Counsel, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, President Reagan’s Ability to Receive Retirement Benefits from the State of California (June 23, 1981), https://www.justice.gov/file/22681/download. 8 Michael D. Shear & Eric Lipton, Ethics Office Praises Donald Trump for a Move He Hasn’t Committed To, N.Y. Times, Nov. 30, 2016, http://nyti.ms/2gK988R. 9 See Richard Painter & Norman Eisen, Donald Trump will still be violating the Constitution as soon as he’s sworn in, Wash. Post, Dec. 13, 2016, http://wpo.st/9EZN2. 10 See Norman Eisen, Richard W. Painter & Laurence H. Tribe, 5 Ways You’ll Know if Trump Is Playing by the Rules, Politico, Jan. 10, 2017, http://politi.co/2iCgLj2. 4 But despite every opportunity, neither Mr. Trump nor the Trump Organization has done anything remotely adequate to address these serious concerns. Instead, on January 11, 2017, the Trump Organization’s tax law firm announced a plan to transfer management control of the Trump Organization to Mr. Trump’s sons and a senior executive, without removing Mr. Trump’s ownership stake.11 In addition, Mr. Trump has apparently transferred his ownership stakes in various Trump business entities to “The Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust.” This trust, of which Mr. Trump’s son and the Trump Organization’s chief financial officer are trustees, has as its purpose “to hold assets for the ‘exclusive benefit’ of the president,” and uses Mr. Trump’s Social Security number as its taxpayer identification number.12 Furthermore, in February 2017, the trust was amended so that Mr.
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