Iii Polifuncional Panteón Celta
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The Three-Headed One at the Crossroad: a Comparative Study of the Slavic God Triglav
The Three-Headed One at the Crossroad: A Comparative Study of the Slavic God Triglav* Jiří Dynda This paper introduces a comparative analysis combined with a historical source overview concerning a particular Slavic god: Triglav. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that Triglav was, in the cosmological perspective, a deity connecting the struc- tured layers of the world. Numerous indications from various written and archaeological sources may be drawn upon in the forming of a comprehensive picture of competences of this deity. Keywords: Triglav, tricephality, cosmology, crossroads, Indo-European comparative mythology 1. Introduction I would like to present an interpretation of western Slavic deity called Triglav. As a basis for this study, I have chosen the tricephalic nature of this deity, and I treat it both with the comparative and the historical-contextual methods. Setting the tricephality into the wider context of the Indo-European comparative mythology in correlation with a thorough analysis of our medieval sources, i.e. mostly Latin texts from medieval Po- merania and Brandenburgia from 11th to 13th centuries, can lead to the detection of some of the Triglav’s “faces” that were not much visible until now. The claimed tricephality of Triglav’s simulacrum (and, in general, the polycepha- lity of various Slavic deities) was an important issue in the long-standing scholarly dis- cussion, and the interpretation of this symbolic feature differs from scholar to scholar.1 Is the tricephality of Triglav a result of a Celtic influence? Or a Christian one? Or is there no need to search for complicated and perhaps artificial “influences”, and would much better option be to accept its genuine originality and its possible connection with the complex archaic symbolism of the number three?2 * I would like to thank to my friends and colleagues, who helped me with writing this paper during the winter of 2012: Michaela Šebetovská, Jan A. -
The Language(S) of the Callaeci Eugenio R
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 16 5-3-2006 The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martinez Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 16. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martínez, Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Abstract Although there is no direct extant record of the language spoken by any of the peoples of ancient Callaecia, some linguistic information can be recovered through the analysis of the names (personal names, names of deities, ethnonyms, and place-names) that occur in Latin inscriptions and in ancient Greek and Latin sources. These names prove the presence of speakers of a Celtic language in this area, but there are also names of other origins. Keywords Onomastics, place-names, Palaeohispanic languages, epigraphy, historical linguistics 1. Introduction1 In this paper I will try to provide a general overview of the linguistic situation in ancient Callaecia by analyzing the linguistic evidence provided both by the literary and the epigraphic sources available in this westernmost area of continental Europe. -
The Origins of Christianity, TABLE of CONTENTS
Books online The Origins of Christianity by R.P.Oliver The Origins of Christianity by R.P.Oliver shortly to be published by HRP (160pp £10 inc p&p). Please order now via e-mail [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1: RELIGION Chapter 2: THE TRIPLE FUNCTION Chapter 3: MONOTHEISM Chapter 4: THEODICY Chapter 5: RITUAL AND ARYAN WORSHIP Chapter 6: SHAMANS Chapter 7: LYING FOR THE LORD Chapter 8: THEOKTONY Chapter 9: ZOROASTER Chapter 10: ZOROASTER’S CREATION Chapter 11: THE GREAT ÜBERWERTUNG, PSYCHIC MAGIC, GOD’S HOUSE, BUDDHISM AND TAPAS Chapter 12: AHURA MAZDA Chapter 13: LATER ZOROASTRIANISM Back to books online Back to main-page Books online The Origins of Christianity by R.P.Oliver Introduction OF THE many problems that confront us today, none is more vexing than that of the relation of Christianity to Western Civilization. None, certainly, causes more acrimonious controversy and internecine hostility between the members of the race which created that civilization. None more thoroughly counteracts their common interest in its preservation and renders them impotent and helpless. And that is not remarkable: what is in question is the essential nature of our civilization, and if there is no agreement about that, there can be no effective agreement on other questions. Around 1910, Georges Matisse, in Les Ruines de l’Idée de Dieu,* predicted that by 1960, at the very latest, the only churches left in the civilized world would be the ones that were preserved as museum pieces for their architectural beauty or historical associations. The scientific and historical knowledge accumulated by our race had rendered belief in supernatural beings impossible for cultivated men, and universal education would speedily destroy the credulity of the masses. -
Manifestaciones Religiosas De Los Cultores De Los Dii Selecti En Carpetania Romana*
Religious manifestations of the cultores of Dii Selecti in roman Carpetania Manifestaciones religiosas de los cultores de los Dii Selecti en Carpetania romana* José Carlos López Gómez Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [email protected] Fecha recepción 01.05.2017 / Fecha aceptación 30.09.2017 Resumen Abstract En este trabajo se aborda, a partir del análisis de This paper addresses the study of cultores of Ro- la epigrafía votiva, el estudio de los cultores en man Carpetania and their religious concerns Carpetania romana y sus inquietudes religiosas. through votive epigraphic data. Given the absence En ausencia de una información más precisa que of more precise information that would allow for permita abordar con éxito el análisis social de los a social analysis of the cultores, this work aims cultores, este trabajo pretende contribuir a la re- to contribute to the reflection on the meaning of flexión sobre el significado de las manifestaciones the religious manifestations of these individuals religiosas de estos individuos, contextualizándolas by contextualizing them in the socio-religious dentro del marco socio-religioso en el que fueron framework in which they were conceived, in oth- concebidas, esto es, en un momento en el que las er words, at a time when the more Roman cultural formas culturales y religiosas más propiamente ro- and religious forms were already fully established. * Este trabajo se inscribe en el proyecto de doctorado financiado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de España (FPU 2014), y en el proyecto de investigación ORINS (Oriental Religions in Spain), HAR2014-52531-P, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. -
Sobre La Religio De Los Pueblos Del No Durante El Alto Imperio: Algunas Observaciones
Acta Palaeohispanica IX Palaeohispanica 5, (2005), pp. 775-792 SOBRE LA RELIGIO DE LOS PUEBLOS DEL NO DURANTE EL ALTO IMPERIO: ALGUNAS OBSERVACIONES M.ª Cruz González Rodríguez De la misma manera que las instancias organizativas indígenas (cog- nationes, castella, gentilitates, gentes) no pueden valorarse únicamente en sí mismas, sólo como pervivencias de la etapa prerromana y símbolos de «resistencia a la romanización», el panteón indígena del NO1 tampoco puede entenderse sin tener en cuenta los cambios y las transformaciones que el dominio romano produce en esta zona de rico y complejo pasado. Como ya ha sido señalado en repetidas ocasiones, la información sobre ambas manifestaciones proviene de una fuente directa pero escri- ta en latín que en el caso que nos ocupa, la epigrafía votiva, reproduce las reglas de culto romanas tal y como demuestra la simple (pero a la vez rica) fórmula Votum Soluit Libens Merito y todas sus variantes más o 1 Gracias a recientes y documentados trabajos de investigación —tanto desde el campo de la lingüística, la epigrafía como de la historia antigua— sabemos hoy mucho más que hace unos años sobre las características lingüísticas de la teonimia indígena del occidente hispano. En particular; sobre su distribución geográfica así como su posible adscripción étnica configurándose de manera bastante clara lo que podemos llamar la geografía religiosa hispano-romana de esta zona. Esto ha sido fruto del enorme esfuer- zo realizado por parte de generaciones de investigadores, sin embargo, a pesar de todas las tentativas (como muy acertadamente ha puntualizado Prósper ( 2002), pp. 442-443, con un atinada crítica a las posturas más en boga entre los historiadores) sigue siendo escaso lo que se sabe acerca de la naturaleza de esos dioses —en gran medida por el pro- pio carácter de las no demasiado abundantes noticias— y, sobre todo, lo que desde un punto de vista histórico resulta más llamativo, de la relación de esa larga lista de dioses indígenas y los fieles que les hicieron la dedicación. -
“Dintel De Los Ríos” De Mérida: ¿Un Ejemplo De Disociación Divina En El Occidente Hispano?*
ANUARI DE FILOLOGIA. ANTIQVA ET MEDIAEVALIA (Anu.Filol.Antiq.Mediaeualia) 8/2018, pp. 501‐520. ISSN: 2014‐1386. REVVE ANABARAEGO Y EL “DINTEL DE LOS RÍOS” DE MÉRIDA: ¿UN EJEMPLO DE DISOCIACIÓN DIVINA EN EL OCCIDENTE HISPANO?* FRANCISCO MARCO SIMÓN Universidad de Zaragoza* [email protected] RESUMEN En el llamado “Dintel de los Ríos” de Mérida/Emerita Augusta, perteneciente a un mausoleo de mediados del s. III, aparecen representadas dos deidades fluviales, Ana y Barraeca, en un sugerente ejemplo de un “culto a la confluencia”. Por otro lado, en la lejana Orense se han atestiguado media docena de altares (cinco de ellos en excavaciones recientes) datables en la segunda mitad del s. I o comienzos del II, que tienen como destinatario a Re(v)ve Anabaraego. La relación entre las imágenes emeritenses y la personalidad divina atestiguada por la epigrafía es el propósito de estas líneas, en las que se plantea la posibilidad de un proceso de disociación de una deidad ancestral en un contexto distinto y más avanzado en el tiempo. PLABRAS CLAVE: Re(v)ve Anabaraego, Ana, Barraeca, divinidades fluviales, Orense/Aurium, Mérida/Emerita Augusta, occidente de Hispania. REVVE ANABARAEGO AND THE “DINTEL DE LOS RÍOS” FROM MÉRIDA: AN EXAMPLE OF DIVINE DISSOCIATION IN HISPANIC WEST? ABSTRACT In the so called “Dintel de los ríos” in Mérida/Emerita Augusta, belonging to a mausoleum datable to the mid third century, two river gods, Ana and Barraeca, are depicted in what seems to be a an interesting “cult of the confluence”. In the distant Orense/Aurium half a dozen votiv altars to Re(v)ve Anabarageo have been brought to light in recent excavations. -
Test Abonnement
L E X I C O N O F T H E W O R L D O F T H E C E L T I C G O D S Composed by: Dewaele Sunniva Translation: Dewaele Sunniva and Van den Broecke Nadine A Abandinus: British water god, but locally till Godmanchester in Cambridgeshire. Abarta: Irish god, member of the de Tuatha De Danann (‘people of Danu’). Abelio, Abelionni, Abellio, Abello: Gallic god of the Garonne valley in South-western France, perhaps a god of the apple trees. Also known as the sun god on the Greek island Crete and the Pyrenees between France and Spain, associated with fertility of the apple trees. Abgatiacus: ‘he who owns the water’, There is only a statue of him in Neumagen in Germany. He must accompany the souls to the Underworld, perhaps a heeling god as well. Abhean: Irish god, harpist of the Tuatha De Danann (‘people of Danu’). Abianius: Gallic river god, probably of navigation and/or trade on the river. Abilus: Gallic god in France, worshiped at Ar-nay-de-luc in Côte d’Or (France) Abinius: Gallic river god or ‘the defence of god’. Abna, Abnoba, Avnova: goddess of the wood and river of the Black Wood and the surrounding territories in Germany, also a goddess of hunt. Abondia, Abunciada, Habonde, Habondia: British goddess of plenty and prosperity. Originally she is a Germanic earth goddess. Accasbel: a member of the first Irish invasion, the Partholans. Probably an early god of wine. Achall: Irish goddess of diligence and family love. -
Memória Coletiva E Formas Representativas Do (Espaço) Religioso
DANIELA F. DE FREITAS FERREIRA 2º CICLO DE ESTUDOS EM ARQUEOLOGIA MEMÓRIA COLETIVA E FORMAS REPRESENTATIVAS DO (ESPAÇO) RELIGIOSO. O contributo da epigrafia votiva para o entendimento das manifestações religiosas no contexto de ocupação romana da Beira Interior. 2012 Orientador: Professor Doutor Armando Coelho Ferreira da Silva Versão provisória. UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO – FACULDADE DE LETRAS DANIELA FILIPA DE FREITAS FERREIRA 2º CICLO DE ESTUDOS EM ARQUEOLOGIA MEMÓRIA COLETIVA E FORMAS REPRESENTATIVAS DO (ESPAÇO) RELIGIOSO. O contributo da epigrafia votiva para o entendimento das manifestações religiosas no contexto de ocupação romana da Beira Interior. Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Arqueologia. Realizada sob a orientação científica do professor Doutor Armando Coelho Ferreira da Silva, presidente do Departamento de Ciências e Técnicas do Património e diretor de curso de Doutoramento do 3º Ciclo em Museologia DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS E TÉCNICAS DO PATRIMÓNIO Porto 2012 2 “[…] la religión est une chose éminemment sociale. Les représentations religieuses sont des représentations collectives qui expriment des réalités collectives; les rites sont des manières d’agir qui ne prennent naissance qu’au sein des groupes assemblés et qui sont destinés à susciter, à entretenir ou à refaire certains états mentaux de ces groupes. Mais alors, si les catégories sont d’origine religieuse, elles doivent participer de la nature commune à tous les faits religieux: elles doivent être, elles aussi, des choses sociales, des produits de la pensée collective.” (É. Durkheim 1925) “O sabor que nos fica é de continuidade pacífica. Vieram colonos. Trouxeram deuses, trouxeram nomes, trouxeram arte, poesia vinha também na bagagem. -
Aportaciones Al Estudio De Arentius, Arentiay Las Divinidades Indígenas Masculinas De La Región De Egitania
iJl,~. Revista de Ciencias de las Religiones ISSN: 1135-4712 1999, número 4, 139-172 Aportaciones al estudio de Arentius, Arentiay las divinidades indígenas masculinas de la región de Egitania. JuAN CARLOS OLIVARES PEDREÑO Universidad de Alicante RE¶JMEN: El autor propone que Arentius y Arentia, bien textimoniados epigráficamnente en la región de Egitania, eran divinidades muy importantes en el panteón de dicha zona y por su significado y funcionesse relacionarían,bien con divinidades de carácter terapeático, bien con dioses comparables al Mercurio céltico y Rosinerta. Además, esta zona es uno de los pocos lugares donde la constante aparición de inscripciones votivas dedicadas a divinidades masculinas lusitanas ha aportado una relativa claridad, sobre todo por loque se refiere a las cuatro divinidades principales: Arentius, Reue, Bandua y Quangeius, sin peijuicio de que existieran otras de rango menor o carácter local como Aratrí bus, Aetius o Igaedus. SUMMAiRY: The author proposes thai Arentius and Arentia, both well represented epigraphically in ihe region of Egitania, were very hnportant deities in ihe pantheon of that area. Due to what they represented and iheir functions they were associated withd¡vmities of theraputiccharacter as well as with goda comparable tothe CelticMercury and Rosmerta. lii addition, this aren is one of te few in which tite constant appearance of votive inscúptions dedicated to Portugese masculinedeities has contributed a relativeclarity, especially in relation lote four principal dieties: Arentius, Reue, Bandua, and Quangeius. This does not discount tite fact tat otiter dieties of lesser importance or of a more local character might also exisí, such as Aratribus, Actius, or Igadeus. -
Mat 14:27 Maar Yeshua Het Dadelik Met Hulle Gepraat En Gesê: “Wees
The Oneness / Trinity Conversation Deut 6:4 "Listen, hear and obey Yisra’el, is our God; is one." Sh'ma Yisra'el Yahuah Eloheinu Yahuah egad. Gerrie C Coetzee Seeing that this statement, made here as well as in other places, is the only direct and distinct statement about this particular topic in Scripture, I thought it fitting that it should be my point of departure, foundation and accepted truth and not what Theology or anything else has taught me. First a few thoughts to steer us in the right direction: 1. If we already have a pre-conceived doctrine about this, it becomes impossible to discover truth. Any one who truly seek truth, will test and investigate all possibilities to discover truth. 2. Today there are more people than ever that claim they believe in the first 5 books of the Bible (Torah) as the start of truth and that they form the foundation. Does Torah teach that God is a Trinity? 3. Is there a Trinity teaching in the Tanakh? 4. If a certain teaching is in the Bible, why would people add verses and words to proof that teaching? 5. Do the Messianic prophecies show the Anointed One as man or God? Did Yeshua then fullfilled these prophecies? 6. Could God have a God? 7. Is our definition of the word "God", correct as "something to be worshipped?" 8. Did Yeshua declare Himself to be God at any time? 9. If Yeshua is God and is sitting on the right hand of God, how many gods are there? 10. -
32. Teónimos Hispanos. Addenda Y Corrigenda VII, Por José María
Serta Palaeohispanica J. de Hoz Palaeohispanica 10 (2010), pp. 503-523 I.S.S.N.: 1578-5386. TEÓNIMOS HISPANOS. ADDENDA Y CORRIGENDA VII José María Blázquez Martínez Desde hace años venimos haciendo unos rapports de la bibliografía pu- blicada sobre nuevos teónimos hispanos y estudios aparecidos en los últimos años, poniendo al día nuestros estudios acerca de religiones primitivas de la Hispania Antigua. Continuamente aparecen nuevos teónimos y estudios, o se proponen nue- vas lecturas a las ya publicadas (vid. Blázquez 1973; 1981; 1987a; 1987b; 1995; 2003; 2006; 2008; 2009a; 2009b; e.p.). MªC. González Fernández y F. Marco Simón 2009 han estudiado “Divi- nidades y devotos indígenas en la Tarraconense: las dedicaciones colectivas”. Dividen el artículo en varios apartados. El primero se dedica a “Divinidades y dedicantes con nombres indíge- nas”, trabajando el primer cuadro recogido en la página siguiente. Este apartado tiene cinco testimonios; tres son de la zona noroccidental. Han sido dedicados por la res publica o el ordo zoelarum, en representación de la ci- vitas. Uno es teónimo, Vagus Donnaegus, y el otro, Aernus. El tercero es proble- mático. La inscripción se halló en Grases (Villaviciosa), del conventus asturum. Los dedicantes son los Luggoni Arganticaeni, que son, probablemente, uno de los principales populi de los astures transmontanos, cuyo teónimo es muy dudoso. El segundo elemento es Tabalieno. La primera parte ha sido leída Iouio [Cos]iovio, [Du]louio, y [Lug]ouio. [Du]eouio es la lectura más admitida. Tiene paralelos en la Gallia Narbonense. La fórmula final es haec mon(umenta) possuerunt, defini- do en la legislación funeraria romana. -
The Three-Headed One at the Crossroad: a Comparative Study of the Slavic God Triglav
www.RodnoVery.ru The Three-Headed One at the Crossroad: A Comparative Study of the Slavic God Triglav* Jiří Dynda This paper introduces a comparative analysis combined with a historical source overview concerning a particular Slavic god: Triglav. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that Triglav was, in the cosmological perspective, a deity connecting the struc- tured layers of the world. Numerous indications from various written and archaeological sources may be drawn upon in the forming of a comprehensive picture of competences of this deity. Keywords: Triglav, tricephality, cosmology, crossroads, Indo-European comparative mythology 1. Introduction I would like to present an interpretation of western Slavic deity called Triglav. As a basis for this study, I have chosen the tricephalic nature of this deity, and I treat it both with the comparative and the historical-contextual methods. Setting the tricephality into the wider context of the Indo-European comparative mythology in correlation with a thorough analysis of our medieval sources, i.e. mostly Latin texts from medieval Po- merania and Brandenburgia from 11th to 13th centuries, can lead to the detection of some of the Triglav’s “faces” that were not much visible until now. The claimed tricephality of Triglav’s simulacrum (and, in general, the polycepha- lity of various Slavic deities) was an important issue in the long-standing scholarly dis- cussion, and the interpretation of this symbolic feature differs from scholar to scholar.1 Is the tricephality of Triglav a result of a Celtic influence? Or a Christian one? Or is there no need to search for complicated and perhaps artificial “influences”, and would much better option be to accept its genuine originality and its possible connection with the complex archaic symbolism of the number three?2 * I would like to thank to my friends and colleagues, who helped me with writing this paper during the winter of 2012: Michaela Šebetovská, Jan A.