Non-Native Plant Species Inventory Of Southeast Alaska: Ketchikan Wrangell Mitkof Kupreanof Summary Of 2006 Survey Findings

December 2006 Final Report for USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry

Katie Arhangelsky Turnstone Environmental Consultants, Inc. Portland, Oregon

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 2

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2. METHODS...... 7 3. RESULTS ...... 10 3.1 SPECIES DIVERSITY ...... 10 Ketchikan (Revillagigedo Island) ...... 10 Wrangell Island...... 11 Mitkof Island ...... 12 Kupreanof Island ...... 13 Kake Road System...... 13 Portage Bay Road System ...... 14 3.2 CANOPY COVER ...... 15 3.3 AGGRESSIVENESS ...... 15 4. DISCUSSION...... 16 4.1 OVERVIEW OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES PATTERNS ...... 16 4.2 HIGH PRIORITY SPECIES ...... 18 4.3 SPECIES SUGGESTED FOR IMMEDIATE CONTROL ...... 22 4.4 SPECIES FOR FURTHER OBSERVATION...... 24 5. REFERENCES ...... 25 APPENDIX A- CLASS I SPECIES LIST ...... 27 APPENDIX B- CLASS II SPECIES LIST ...... 31 APPENDIX C- NON-NATIVE SPECIES LISTS...... 32 NON-NATIVE SPECIES LIST ...... 32 KETCHIKAN NON-NATIVE SPECIES LIST ...... 36 WRANGELL NON-NATIVE SPECIES LIST ...... 38 MITKOF NON-NATIVE SPECIES LIST...... 40 KUPREANOF NON-NATIVE SPECIES LIST...... 42 Kake ...... 42 Portage Bay...... 44 APPENDIX D- LIST OF VOUCHER SPECIMENS ...... 45 APPENDIX E- MAPS OF SURVEY AREAS ...... 53 APPENDIX F- HIGH PRIORITY SPECIES LOCATIONS...... 59 APPENDIX G- COMPLETE LIST OF ROADS SURVEYED ...... 64

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 3

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 4

1. Introduction

The USDA Forest Service is dedicated to gaining a better understanding of the number, identity and biology of non-native plants in Alaska and how these species may be impacting intact plant communities and timber-producing areas. To address these concerns, the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection State and Private Forestry (S&PF) and the National Forest System (NFS) initiated a contract to survey and identify non-native plant species infesting the road systems of Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, and Kupreanof Islands within the Tongass National Forest. From July 10th through August 26th of 2006, botanists from Turnstone Environmental Consultants, Inc. surveyed an estimated 468 miles of state, local, and Forest Service roads on main and remote road systems throughout the islands. This report summarizes the initial findings from our field season of data collection.

Southeast Alaska is in a unique position to prevent large scale infestations of non-native species. Its remote location and the lack of terrestrial connectivity of many regions have enabled much of the land to remain free of serious infestations. Southeast Alaska is in the first stages of experience with non-native plant species (Borchett, 2004).

Native plant communities of Southeast Alaska are vulnerable to invasion by aggressive and competitive non-native species. The roads traversing the islands’ terrain provide open pathways in which non-native species can travel and colonize new areas. Industrial logging and road building are prevalent, providing ideal vectors for invasive plant dispersal. Plants commonly hitch rides on the large equipment and machinery used in these operations, helping to spread the species throughout the island. Infestations of invasive exotic species in rock pits are common, with the population dispersing out along the neighboring roads. Additionally, urban places like the cities of Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell attract horticulturists who often unknowingly introduce threatening species to the island ecosystem. Towns become dispersal vectors as enterprising garden escapees spread outwards.

The goal of this project is to assess the extent of non-native plant populations on Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, and Kupreanof Islands and identify areas of particular concern. The data collected for this project can help guide future management and control efforts.

Specifically, the project involved the following data collection and deliverables:

• AKEPIC Inventory Field Data Sheets were completed for each point surveyed along the roads, regardless of whether invasive species were found. • Maps provided by the Forest Service are submitted showing the locations of all high priority species/areas of interest. • A summary report giving a synopsis of the contract work and findings. • Data entry into the AKEPIC database for future tracking and management.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 5

• Two voucher specimens of each species located were collected, pressed, dried, and labeled and will be submitted to the appropriate herbarium for use as a teaching collection.

During the course of the project, our botanists also engaged in informal community education. Curious passersby were provided with informative brochures and had questions answered on the spot about invasive species on the island. An estimated 50 “Selected Invasive Plants of Alaska” pamphlets were distributed to residents and visitors of the islands during the course of our field work.

Photo 1. Typical roadside ecosystem of Southeast Alaska with muskeg adjacent to gravel. Photo from Mitkof Island, Reservoir Road.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 6

2. Methods

Field data on non-native plants was collected on road right-of-ways on state and local lands and Forest Service controlled road rights-of-way on private land. An estimated 518 miles of road right-of-way were inspected for survey suitability, with 468 miles thoroughly surveyed using the AKEPIC protocol. Forest Service roads slated for survey were designated as maintenance levels 3 and 4 (suitable for passenger car and moderate degree of user comfort). The reasoning for surveying the more major road systems on the island was to capture areas of heavier use, and therefore more susceptible to invasion by non-native species. Frequently, surveyors discovered that roads slated for survey were not maintained, closed, decommissioned, or otherwise inaccessible, which reduced the total distance surveyed.

Table 1. Road miles slated for survey at each location involved in the study.

Road System Local/ State USFS Total Ketchikan 68 10 78 Wrangell 23 115 138 Mitkof 38 95 133 Kupreanof- Kake 6 109 115 Kupreanof- Portage Bay 0 54 54 Total miles 518

Surveyors walked an area every ¼ mile along the roads. At each survey point the botanists surveyed both sides of the road for 25 meters each direction, recording all non- native plant species encountered. We also surveyed the area around each road intersection, Recreation Site, pull-out, rock pit, and parking area as specified by the contract. Occasionally survey points were spaced slightly more or less than the required ¼ mile interval. Some roadsides did not offer safe locations to park and we parked at the nearest possible location. At other times we altered the survey point slightly to include a nearby visible area of higher disturbance and therefore higher likelihood of the presence of non-native species. A few additional times we did not survey a point due to extraordinary conditions. Private property or areas difficult to deduce jurisdiction such as backyards bordering right-of-ways were not systematically searched, but presence of high priority species and other exotic plants was noted when observed from a distance. It is also worth noting that we did not make special stops for private driveways when in urban environs in the interest of time and efficiency.

Non-native species were assigned to one of three categories by the agency prior to survey work. Class One species are those which are known or potential invasives, Class Two species are very common throughout Alaska, and High Priority Species are those species singled out for extra effort and concern. When a Class One invasive species was found, we noted its extent on the data form. When high priority species were encountered, the site was flagged with orange flagging and location data recorded. Flagging was labeled

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 7 with species name, surveyor’s initials, and date. When Class Two invasive species were encountered, presence was recorded but the extent of the populations was not noted, as these species are ubiquitous throughout Alaska.

Table 2. Designated High Priority Species for each survey location.

Road System Scientific Name Common Name Jurisdiction Alliara petiolata Garlic mustard All Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted knapweed All Cirsium arvense Canada thistle USFS only Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle USFS only Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed USFS only Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife All Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed USFS only Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry All Senecio jacobea Tansy ragwort USFS only Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. Ketchikan Uliginosus Perennial sowthistle USFS only Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted knapweed All Cirsium arvense Canada thistle All Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle All Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed All Hieracium caespitosum Meadow hawkweed All Hieracium lachenalii Common hawkweed USFS & State roads Hieracium pilosella Mouseear hawkweed All Hieracium umbellatum Narrowleaf hawkweed All Wrangell Sonchus arvensis Perennial sowthistle All Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted knapweed All Cirsium arvense Canada thistle All Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle All Melilotus alba White sweet clover All Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed All Senecio jacobea Tansy ragwort All Mitkof/ Sonchus arvensis Perennial sowthistle All Kupreanof Tanacetum vulgare Common tansy All

Field surveys were conducted using protocols developed by the Alaska Exotic Plants Mapping Program (see http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/). Data forms were also developed by AKEPIC and are consistent with their data dictionary and recording methods. Data recorded in the surveys includes presence or absence of non-native plants, specific location, type of disturbance, lists of exotic plants at each locality, canopy cover, and area of infestation. At each site, area surveyed ranged from 0.1 acre to 4 acres. Most sites were considered 0.1 acre, which was a pre-determined standard number for a roadside survey point 50 m long and 8 m wide (not including the roadway itself). Area of infestation for

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 8

each species identified the acreage within the survey point containing individuals of that species. Canopy cover was estimated as the percentage of cover occupied by the species within its area of infestation. For Class One and high priority species, we also recorded stem counts of the population and noted its extent in the comments.

We utilized and researched lists generated by various agencies to guide our survey efforts. Lists were developed by the USFS to highlight species with a high likelihood of occurrence on the island, and we researched these species prior to the commencement of field work to ensure accurate observations. Lists used include:

• “State of Alaska Prohibited and Restricted Noxious Weeds”, Alaska Department of Natural Resources • “Class 1 Species List: Known and Potential Invasive Plants of Concern” • “Class 2 Species List: Widespread Lower-Priority Invasive Plants” • “USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region Sensitive Plant List” • High Priority Noxious Weed Species (provided under RFQ #AG-0120-S-06_0023 and #AG-0120-S-06-0022)

Field survey work was performed from July 10-August 26, 2006. Data was collected using a standard form along roadsides and other disturbed areas. Utilizing two field crews, the field surveys began on Ketchikan and Kupreanof concurrently, and then concentrated on Wrangell and Mitkof.

Collections were made of all non-native species encountered during our surveys, with a few exceptions due to phenological reasons or contract specifications. Specimens will become part of a teaching collection and also to verify identifications made during the course of the project. For a complete list of voucher specimens, see Appendix D.

Data was collected on all known non-native plants encountered. A few exceptions to the “Class 1 Known and Potential Invasive Plants of Concern” list (see Appendix A) were made. Based on pre-field work conversations with Michael Shephard, Vegetation Ecologist for Forest Health and Protection, State and Private Forestry, we incorporated into our survey effort recent updates to the AKEPIC list. Based on the species listed in the Species removed from AKEPIC plant list (Shephard, personal comm.), we did not consider yarrow (Achillea millefolium) or silverweed (Potentilla anserina) to be non- native. We also considered pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea) to be a native species. Although these species were rarely observed outside the disturbance footprint, they were considered native for our purposes. Therefore, when encountered these species were not recorded on our field forms.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 9

3. Results In all, a total of 2026 sites were surveyed throughout all the road systems in the 2006 surveys. The survey area includes an estimated 468 miles of state, local, and Forest Service roads. The length of road miles surveyed is less than the originally expected 518 miles due to changes in road conditions and maintenance levels since the generation of the maps. Spur roads frequently ended prematurely, often due to the removal of culverts or overgrown alders. The latter occurred more frequently in the remote reaches of our survey roads.

The surveys recorded 92 non-native species along the roads and adjacent disturbed areas. This represents approximately 47% of the 197 known exotic species in Alaska. Additional species may have been present, but escaped notice. The locality with the highest diversity of non-native species was Ketchikan, which contained 70 species, while the locality with the lowest diversity was the Portage Bay road system on Kupreanof Island, with 27 species.

3.1 Species Diversity The areas of our surveys typically with the greatest weed diversity were residential areas, towns, paved state roads and rock pits. With some notable expectations around Kake, the diversity was at its highest in these areas and then decreased with distance. This trend is also apparent on Forest Service spur roads; diversity at these roads is at its highest at the junction with the paved state roads, and then systematically decreases with distance away. Sites directly nearby communities typically contained 15-20 species of exotics. Stretches of paved state road in between communities typically contained 10-15 species of exotics. Locations with lowest number of weed species were stretches of Forest Service roads farthest from main population centers or paved roads, these often contained only the 2-4 most common species.

The most common species encountered were consistent throughout all locations and were consistent with results from the 2005 Prince of Wales surveys. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), Timothy grass (Phleum pretense), all three clovers (Trifolium spp.), common plaintain (Plantago major), and common dandelion (Taraxacum offincale) were most commonly recorded, on roads of all jurisdictions. Ketchikan (Revillagigedo Island) Ketchikan contained the highest diversity of non-native species of all the locations. Our surveys recorded 70 non-native species, representing approximately 36% of the 197 known exotic species in Alaska. These results are unsurprising, given that Revillagigedo Island is the most densely populated location surveyed and Ketchikan is the fifth largest city in Alaska. Seven species recorded were unique to Revillagigedo Island: common bugle (Ajuga reptens), Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), English ivy (Hedera helix), English holly (Ilex aquifolium), creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia), Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis). The common bugle (Ajuga reptans) was identified by surveyors but not vouchered, and therefore also

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 10

not included in the AKEPIC database. However, it is worth noting as a potential watch species as well.

Contributing to the high diversity was the ratio of state and private survey miles to federal survey miles. On Ketchikan, 68 miles of private and state highway miles and only 10 miles of forest service roads were surveyed, which is the opposite of the survey pattern on other islands. Typically, the amount of forest service roads outweighed state and private roads by a substantial amount. State and private roads tend to be more diverse due to their structure, location, and amount of use received when compared with the more remote Forest Service roads.

Species diversity on the island loosely followed a trend with the north end of the island experiencing a lesser degree of diversity. The predominantly native stretches of forest roads had recent cuts which have not yet been invaded by non-native plant populations. The most urban areas of Ketchikan lie in the middle of the island, and contained spotty individuals which may prove to be aggressive with time. Particularly around the busy town, escaped ornamentals pose an unknown threat of naturalization but were recorded on the data forms nonetheless. Surveys through town picked up such species not seen elsewhere as Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), which appears to be cultivated in a garden in town, annual sowthistle (Sonchus asper), growing in the parking lot of a grocery store, and English Photo 2 . Documenting Rubus discolor in Ketchikan.

Ivy (Hedera helix), also apparently cultivated. The south side of the island was the most diverse and contained the more problematic infestations. The large number of rock pits harbored species such as common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceous), bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), and Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum). Wrangell Island Wrangell was the second most diverse locality surveyed, with 58 non-native species recorded. This represents approximately 29% of the 197 known exotic species in Alaska. Three species were unique to Wrangell Island: Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota), common hawkweed (Hieracium lachenalii), and American pokeweed (Phytolacca americanum). The American pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) was not observing escaping and therefore not recorded in the AKEPIC database.

Wrangell exhibited the typical patterns of species diversity, with the highest diversity occurring around town and on the paved state roads. The state roads in particular

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 11

contained around 16-22 species at each plot, and were home to the most problematic infestations of high priority species. Diversity systematically decreased on the Forest Service roads and with distance from town. On Wrangell, 23 miles of state and local roads and 115 miles of Forest Service roads were surveyed, so the majority of survey miles exhibited a fairly low diversity.

Photo 3. Hieracium caespitosum on Wrangell Island FS road 6265 is one of numerous Hieracium spp. populations encountered during our surveys.

Around town and in the road miles spiraling outwards from town, hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.) were very prolific. Both common hawkweed (Hieracium lachenalii) and orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum) dominate the state road just outside of town. The orange hawkweed becomes patchy and vanishes several miles south, but the common hawkweed maintains its dominance for several miles longer. Threatening species located around the town and not found elsewhere on the island included white sweetclover (Melilotus alba) and Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum).

Both species of ryegrass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) are common throughout state and Forest Service roads, which is likely due to seeding after road building. Of note is also the presence of Hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata), which proved to be a fairly common species on Wrangell, particularly on the Forest Service roads. Mitkof Island Mitkof was the third most diverse locality surveyed, with 51 non-native species recorded. This represents approximately 26% of the 197 known exotic species in Alaska. Three species found were unique to Mitkof Island, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), mustard (Barbarea sp.), and narrowleaf hawksbeard (Crepis tectorum). The mustard was identified to genus but consisted of only one individual and could not be vouchered. Therefore it is not included in the AKEPIC database.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 12

The most diverse areas of Mitkof were centered around the town of Petersburg and radiated outwards along the state highway, where both the paved and unpaved portions of the road maintained high diversity throughout the 33 mile length of road. The high diversity along the sections of unpaved road is likely due to the heavy recreational use of this part of the island. Campgrounds, picnic areas, and boat launches abound, and all but one of the ten populations of high priority species located during the surveys were on State Highway 7. Also with high levels of diversity were the Cabin Creek Road that runs along the north and northeast of the island along private residences, and the road up to the town reservoir from Petersburg.

The most problematic infestations typically occurred within 10 miles south of town, with Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) lining driveways and common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) interspersed through the understory. Hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.) were quite common throughout the mainline roads, occasionally achieving very high dominance. Also of interest is a robust population of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) along the state highway, in the south on the gravel road portion. This population numbers upwards of 500 individuals and runs for about a half mile along the road, with colonizing individuals at either end. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) also makes an appearance on the state highway and also on a Forest Service spur off of Cabin Creek Rd. Photo 4. Hypochaeris radicata infestation on Mitkof’s Cabin Creek Road. Kupreanof Island On Kupreanof Island two separate road systems with no connectivity to each other were surveyed- Kake and Portage Bay. Due to the isolation of these road systems and their separate pathways of invasion, they are considered in this discussion separately. Kake Road System The Kake road system was the fourth most diverse location surveyed, with 49 non-native species recorded. This represents 25% of the 197 known non-native species in Alaska. Seven species found were unique to the Kake road system: rapeseed mustard (Brassica rapa), calendula (Calendula officinalis), splitlip hempnettle (Galeopsis bifida), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum), bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius), and red clover (Trifolium

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 13

aureum). Of these, the splitlip hempnettle (Galeopsis bifida) could not be verified and is not included in the AKEPIC database.

Located on the northwestern corner of Kupreanof Island, the remote fishing village is connected to the Alaska Marine Highway ferry system on a biweekly basis. Logging activities on both the private and public sectors of the road system have created an extensive network of roads and invasion pathways. Diversity of non-native species remained comparatively higher throughout the road system, even on some remote reaches. Only in the farthest south portions of the road system did diversity decrease to the typical 2-3 non-native species per plot common in other remote areas with federal ownership.

Downtown Kake was the center of many infestations, including some rather dramatic colonies of Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) along the beachline, primary road, and private residences. The rural character of Kake and its environs perhaps contributes to the weed problem, yards are not well maintained and exotic species that go unmowed are allow to spread freely. Species of concern around town were tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobea), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceous) and prickly sowthistle (Sonchus asper). Noticeably absent from the Kake road system in particular were the hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.). Farther out of town in rockpits, threatening species encountered included white sweetclover (Melilotus alba) and spotted knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii). Portage Bay Road System The Portage Bay road system on Kupreanof is isolated from casual traffic and recreation, and is accessible by boat or landing craft only. This road system is primarily used for Forest Service activities and is solely under federal jurisdiction. Predictably, this road system had the lowest diversity of exotics, with 27 non-native species recorded. This represents 14% of the 197 known non-native species in Alaska. One species, water foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus), was found that was unique to the Portage Bay road system.

The Portage Bay Road System was primarily in good condition relative to other roads we have surveyed in southeast Alaska. The majority of plant species recorded were ubiquitous species commonly seen in southeast Alaska, and even these achieved a very low dominance on many roads. Probably the most common species seen during our surveys was Timothy grass (Phleum pratense), which was likely seeded on most of the roadsides. Some of the more remote roads in the northwestern part of the road system had very few invasive species at all, and long stretches of road with no invasive species. This could be due to the acidic muskeg ecosystems alongside the roads.

Along the mainline road adjacent to the log transfer facilities, old logging camp, and forest service outbuildings was not surprisingly where the diversity of non-native species was highest. A significant observation on Portage Bay was the extensive population of common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) located along the road to the Forest Service bunkhouse and in and around the old warehouse. This population contained upwards of 500 individuals and appeared to be aggressively moving along the edge of the road. Other

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 14

species seen around this area in great dominance but not common elsewhere on the road system were wall lettuce (Mycelis muralis), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), and pineapple weed (Matricaria discoidea).

Noticeably absent from the Portage Bay road system were non-native hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.). We did not record or observe any non-native hawkweeds during our surveys. Also of note was the distribution of the hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata). This species was located only a few times and locations appear to be quite spread out with the limited data analysis that has occurred so far. There is one location on a remote northwestern road system that seemed particularly telling- an un-forested slide area on a steep slope was completely covered with Hypochaeris radicata. The infestation stretched an estimated 200’ wide to 600’ long, and only a few individuals were noted on the surrounding road.

3.2 Canopy Cover Most species at most sites had a percent canopy cover lower than 10% with few exceptions. Only a few species occurred in larger densities, but often did so consistently. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) often had a canopy cover of 30-40%, and occasionally reached upwards of 80%. On roadsides where Timothy grass (Phleum pretense) was seeded, this species occasionally rivaled reed canary grass in dominance. White clover (Trifolium repens) also repeatedly had a cover of 20-30%, especially in seeded areas. When present, the other two clover species (Trifolium hybridum, T. pretense) also attained very high coverage. Orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum), when present, can attain high cover, especially in mature infestations. On Wrangell Island, common hawkweed (Hieracium lachenalii) also reached high covers. It was not uncommon to record hawkweeds at a cover of 20-30%. Hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata) is another such species that occasionally attained a cover of 20-30%.

3.3 Aggressiveness The most commonly aggressive species encountered were Phalaris arundinacea, Trifolium repens, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium pretense, Phleum pretense, and Hypochaeris radicata. Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), found on the Wrangell and the Kake road system, also was observed moving into shaded areas. These species were often observed extending out of the roadside corridor and entering marginal areas or clearcuts of forests and meadows. The Phalaris arundinacea in particular was most often observed exhibiting this behavior and even was observed moving down waterways underneath a forest canopy. Timothy grass (Phleum pretense) was also noted moving into the forests and off the roads, and on Wrangell, hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata) was observed growing much further up slope than is common for most exotic species.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 15

4. Discussion

4.1 Overview of Non-native Species Patterns Surveys of 2026 sites along roadsides on 5 road systems revealed 89 non-native species(see Appendix C), of which 15 were unrecorded in the Alaska Weeds Database. This represents 45% of the 197 recorded non-native species in Alaska. The large number of roads, mine sites, and logging operations on the islands are good vectors of weed dispersal; however, the relative isolation of Southeast Alaska has kept it free of some of the more aggressive species plaguing other parts of the state. Not all species listed below were added to the AKEPIC database, some were perceived as solely cultivated and others could not receive a positive identification.

Table 3. Species Previously Unrecorded in the AKEPIC Database.

Code Scientific Name Common Name Family *AEPOV Aegopodium podagraria Bishop's Goutweed Apiaceae *AJRE Ajuga reptans common bugle Lamiaceae ALMO12 Alchemilla mollis lady's mantle Rosaceae ANOD Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal grass Poaceae CAOF Calendula officinalis calendula Asteraceae GERO Geranium robertanium Herb Robert Gerianaceae HEMA3 Hesperis matronalis dame's rocket Brassicaceae HEHE Hedera helix English Ivy Araliaceae ILAQ80 Ilex aquifolium English holly Aquifoliaceae IRPS Iris pseudacorus yellow flag iris Iridaceae LACO3 Lapsana communis common nipplewort Boraginaceae *LOMA Lobularia maritima sweet alyssum Brassicaceae LYNU Lysimachia nummularia creeping jenny Primulaceae *PHAM4 Phytolacca americana American pokeweed Phytolaccaceae SAPR Sagina procumbens Birdeye pearlwort Caryophyllaceae *these species were not verified and are not included in the final AKEPIC database. They are worth noting here, however, so that land managers can watch for them.

Non-native species were not evenly distributed. The roads in and around the residential areas of Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg, and Kake contained the highest diversity of non-native species and also had more extensive invasions. In particular, the paved state roads also had higher diversities. The state roads around Ketchikan, from Wrangell to the south, from Petersburg to the southern boat launches and recreation areas, and around the town of Kake contained a great diversity of weed species as well as numerous infestations of High Priority Species. The state roads generally have a much larger footprint with more frequent use by the public, making them more susceptible to invasions.

High diversities and large infestations are not limited to state and local roads. Several Forest Service roads also have high diversities. Mainline roads such as Revilla Road on

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 16

Ketchikan, 6031 on Portage Bay, 6217 on Mitkof, and 6040 on Kake also had above average diversity levels for unpaved roads. High diversities and large infestations also occur on areas of remote roads. Common sources for populations were the ubiquitous rock pits used in road building. Often times populations of high priority species and species not observed elsewhere were recorded inside old rock pits in areas several miles from a major road system. An example of this is the population of white sweetclover (Melilotus alba) on the Kake road system. The population is 3 miles away from the main road on Forest Service road 6040, and is the only occurrence of this species on the road system. Factors seemingly affecting the infestation rate on Forest Service spurs are: the type and rate of seeding that occurred after the road was built, the type and habit of traffic the road receives and the amount of rock pits, staging areas for equipment, and log transfer facilities existing along the road.

Seeding. The rate and type of re-seeding after road construction affects not only the species composition, but also may increase diversity of non-native species over time by initially creating a plant community difficult for native species to compete with (Borchett, 2004). We have records of the seed mixes used in Ketchikan in the 1970s and 1980s on the Tongass National Forest. Species in the mix included perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), alta fescue (Festuca arundinacea), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), white clover (Trifolium repens), and red clover (Trifolium pratense. Many of these species still attain a high dominance and cover on the islands, particularly the clovers and reed canary grass.

Traffic. The type and habits of traffic on the roads seems to affect the composition of species. On roads with heavy traffic and recreation opportunities, the diversity of weeds appears to be higher. Pullouts for fishing areas, scenic views, and picnic areas have a higher concentration of weeds then do pullouts serving as “j-holes”, which drivers use on one lane roads to make room for oncoming traffic while not typically getting out of their vehicles.

Rock pits. Diversity of non-native plants typically increased at rock pits, pullouts, log transfer facilities and staging areas for large equipment. Diversity and infestation size varied and was not consistently high in rock pits. The rock pits sometimes contained only red alder, bracken fern, and a smattering of reed canary grass. It can be deduced that the level of activity and condition of machinery might influence the resulting infestation of exotic plant species. These types of sites tend to serve as the population centers for high priority species and species unrecorded elsewhere.

Areas with very few non-native species included the Portage Bay road system in general, with the exception of the mainline road and Forest Service bunkhouse area. Many of the roads on Portage Bay had data points recording no non-native species. On Ketchikan, the roads in the north of the road system under private jurisdiction tended to have low diversities. Cape Fox Corporation roads 2600 and Leask Lake Road had very few non- native species. On Wrangell, recently constructed spur roads off of FS rd 5943 and 50056 had very few non-native species present and frequently points had no observed exotics.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 17

On Mitkof, the road system around Woodpecker Cove and the numerous spur roads off of Woodpecker Road remain relatively free of serious infestation.

Patterns of species composition and diversity occur at each roadside profile. With the exception of the reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), there was generally a constant, low degree of infestation. This usually took the form of minimal percent cover (typically 1% throughout) of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) on the road itself and of common plantain (Plantago major) and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) at the edge of the road. Moving away from the roadbed species of clover (Trifolium spp.) and mouse-ear chickweed (Cerastium fontanum) become more common and have an increased cover (1-5%). Just beyond, exotic grasses (Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense) predominate at collective percent covers of around 20-30%. Other less common species tend to occur at preferred areas along the profile. Hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata) grows amongst the exotic grasses and seems to prefer disturbed slopes.

Only reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) the clovers (Trifolium spp.) were observed out-competing native species and entering intact forests and muskegs. Hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata) was also observed moving out of the roadside area and into shaded areas, but these areas were always somewhat disturbed, i.e. second growth, alder thickets, etc. Velvet grass (Holcus lanatus) was occasionally seen colonizing very wet areas out of the road footprint.

4.2 High Priority Species Sixteen non-native species were identified under the contract as “high priority”, due to their invasiveness rankings, land managers’ concerns, or burgeoning infestation patterns in southeast Alaska. Species identified in this category differed from island to island and in some cases, jurisdiction to jurisdiction. All of them are considered below.

Garlic mustard (Alliara petiolata): 0 populations Garlic mustard is considered a high priority on Ketchikan. No populations were located during our surveys, at any locations surveyed.

Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii): 2 populations Spotted knapweed is a high priority for all road systems surveyed. Two populations were encountered during our surveys, one each in Ketchikan and Kake. The Ketchikan population was unique in its relative scarcity and isolation- only one individual was located on Revilla Rd just 0.25 mile from the main state road. A thorough search of the adjacent area did not yield any more individuals and the species was not encountered again on Revillagegido Island. The population on Kake was more extensive. Located on a remote Forest Service managed spur road, it was extremely well established with 25-30 mature plants and 50-60 immature plants. Mature plants were flowering at the time of survey, making this population a high priority for control.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 18

Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): 3 populations Canada thistle is a high priority for all road systems surveyed with the exception of state and private roads on Ketchikan. Three populations of high priority Canada thistle were located, one on Wrangell and two on Mitkof. Additional populations were located on Ketchikan, but they were not on USFS lands and thus not considered high priority. The population found on Wrangell was small, containing between 6-10 individuals. It was located on the town loop road. The two populations encountered on Mitkof were disparate, one being found in the north of the island on a Forest Service spur off of Cabin Creek Rd containing 6-25 plants. The other population was located off of the State Highway 7 at 8.45 miles south of town. This population was more established, with 26- 50 plants occupying a 20m swath of roadside. It appears as though regular mowing off the roadside has prevented the individuals from reaching a reproductive state. All three of these populations are suggested for immediate control, given the current low degree of infestation.

Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare): 1 population Bull thistle is a high priority for all road systems surveyed with the exception of state and private roads on Ketchikan. One population of high priority Bull thistle was located on Wrangell Island. An additional population was located on Ketchikan in the Saxman area, but it was on private land and thus not considered high priority. The population found on Wrangell was found in the far south of the island on Forest Service road 6277. This is a relatively young population, containing 10-15 basal rosettes and no mature adults.

Photo 5 . Cirsium vulgare basal rosette on Wrangell’s Road 6277.

Orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum): 18 populations Orange hawkweed is a high priority for the Wrangell road system and for the USFS roads in Ketchikan only. Upon initial field reconnaissance, it was determined that the species was quite prolific and common around the town and continuing along the state road for approximately 7 miles. Due to the consistency of the cover of this species, extra stops were not made in between points along the state highway to capture additional data. 18 populations total were documented in Wrangell, with 17 of these located directly along the state highway or town loop road. Orange hawkweed was noticeably absent from the Kupreanof road systems.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 19

Meadow hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum): 1 population Meadow hawkweed is a high priority for the Wrangell road system only. One population was encountered during our surveys, at the intersection of USFS roads 6265 and 6270, which is the road to Long Lake. It contained around 50 plants.

Common hawkweed (Hieracium lachenalii): 36 populations Common hawkweed is a high priority for the Wrangell road system only. Upon initial field reconnaissance, it was determined that the species was quite prolific and common around the town and continues along the state road for approximately 11 miles. Due to the consistency of the cover of this species, extra stops were not made in between points along the state highway to capture additional data. 36 populations total were documented in Wrangell, with the majority of these located directly along the state highway or town loop road.

Mouse ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella): 0 populations Mouse ear hawkweed is a high priority for the Wrangell road system. No populations of the species were located during our surveys.

Narrow leaf hawkweed (Hieracium umbellatum): 0 populations Narrow leaf hawkweed is a high priority for the Wrangell road system. No populations of the species were located during our surveys.

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria): 0 populations Purple loosestrife is a high priority species for all road jurisdictions on Ketchikan. No populations of the species were located during our surveys.

White sweetclover (Melilotus alba): 3 populations White sweetclover is a high priority species for Mitkof and Kupreanof Islands, only. Three high priority populations of this species were encountered: one on Kupreanof Island on the Kake road system and two populations on Mitkof. Additional populations were encountered on Wrangell, where the species is not considered high priority. On Kupreanof, the population was found at a rock pit and contained around 20 individuals growing in between the alders. On Mitkof, both populations were located along the state highway. One population was associated with the recreation parking area for the Blind River Slough Picnic Area, and contained around 10 plants. The other population was associated with the intersection of the state highway with Papke’s Landing road, and contained just a few scattered individuals. Photo6 . Melilotus alba on State Highway on Mitkof.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 20

None of the populations encountered were associated with riparian areas, however all populations are suggested for immediate control given the small number of plants and the potential to move into riparian areas.

Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum): 10 populations Japanese knotweed is considered a high priority species on Ketchikan’s USFS roads, Mitkof, and Kupreanof. This species was encountered at all road systems except Portage Bay. In total, 10 high priority populations were encountered during our surveys, five each on Mitkof and Kupreanof’s Kake road system. On Mitkof, the populations are located just south of town along the state highway and on several adjacent paved private roads and driveways. Five large populations were located, and it is possible more occur in yards that are not visible from the road. A lot of the time, it appears to be associated with private property as a landscape feature or “hedge”, and this is where some education awareness would be useful. In one place a few miles south of town, a population is growing precariously close to a stream. Occurrences of the species cease after about 6 miles south of town. On the Kake road system, the populations are primarily located within the town, and extend along the adjacent beach lines and private residences. One population was located within a rockpit, but the other four populations followed the pattern of association with driveways and residences.

Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor): 1 population Himalayan blackberry is considered a high priority species on Ketchikan’s road systems only. One population was encountered during our surveys, consisting of just one individual. The plant was part of a planting located in the city of Ketchikan in front of Robertson Building on south side of Stedman Street.

Tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobea): 1 population Tansy ragwort is designated a high priority species on Ketchikan’s USFS roads, Mitkof Island, and Kupreanof. The species was encountered on Ketchikan’s state managed roads, Wrangell, and the Kake road system. A total of one high priority population was identified, on the Kake road system of Kupreanof. The population contained 1-5 plants and was located on the state road growing amongst the alders in the shade.

Perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis): 0 populations Perennial sowthistle is a designated high priority species on all road systems with the exception of Ketchikan’s state and private managed roads. No high priority populations were encountered during our surveys, although one population was located on a private managed road in Ketchikan.

Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare): 2 populations Common tansy is a designated high priority species for the Mitkof and Kupreanof road systems. The species was encountered at Wrangell, Mitkof, and Portage Bay with a total of 2 high priority populations recorded. One population was found on Mitkof and one at the Portage Bay road system on Kupreanof. The population on Mitkof was located on the State Highway 7 miles south of town, and was associated with a population of Japanese knotweed. The plants were few in number with an estimated 6-15 individuals, and were

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 21

all vegetative in growth. They appeared to be having a difficult time competing with the other roadside exotics. The population on the Portage Bay road system was substantially more robust with over 500 individuals. This population was associated with an intersection on the road to the Forest Service bunkhouse and adjacent old logging camp. It appeared to be very aggressive, spreading up the surrounding roads at the intersection.

4.3 Species suggested for immediate control Selected species with high invasiveness rankings are of particular concern to the island ecosystems of Southeast Alaska. Additionally, burgeoning infestations on the islands are of particular interest because they may be responsive to early control effort. Species discussed below are recommended for immediate control or further observation in addition to the high priority species detailed above. These species were selected because they have been awarded high invasiveness rankings by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program (2004), or because they have been observed invading natural areas.

High Priority Species All of the high priority species located during our surveys are recommended for immediate control. Of these a few populations in particular are important due to the early state of the infestation. They are highlighted below.

Table 4. High Priority populations recommended for immediate control. Road Species System ID Location Comments Only one individual found. Eradication performed, but continued control and monitoring efforts are Ketchikan KRD-HP-001 Revilla Rd recommended. 30-40 plants exist in remote Spotted locale. Spreading down adjacent Knapweed abandoned road. The only (Centaurea occurrence of this species on the biebersteinii) Kake KAKE_HP_008 FS rd 6337 island. Only 5 plants make up this sole occurrence of the species on Roadside on the Wrangell. Should be a simple Wrangell WRD_HP_056 Town Loop Rd eradication effort. At intersection of FS roads 6204/6206 on south side of road, and 8.45 miles south from Relatively contained and young Canada Thistle PRD-HP-001 town on State populations have high (Cirsium arvense) Mitkof PRD_HP_009 Highway 7 eradication potential. Young population containing only 10-15 basal rosettes a good candidate for control efforts. Bull Thistle Also the only recorded (Cirsium vulgare) Wrangell WRD_HP_054 FS road 6277 occurrence on the island.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 22

Road Species System ID Location Comments On State Highway, at Blind Slough Rec These populations are good Area & intersection candidates for control; they PRD_HP_010 with Papke's contain few individuals and are Mitkof PRD_HP_011 Landing Rd the only records on the island. 20-30 individuals located in a White Sweetclover rock pit, this population appears (Melilotus alba) Kake KAKE_HP_007 On FS road 6040 isolated. Around 5-10 plants located Tansy ragwort behind alders, the only (Senecio jacobea) Kake KAKE_HP_003 On FH40 occurrence of this species. Over 500 individuals make up On road to FS this large population. Suggested bunkhouse at for immediate control due to the intersection with remote nature and general low old logging camp incidence of exotics of the road Portage Bay PRD-HP-002 area system. With only a few plants and an Common Tansy On State Highway, isolated occurrence, this (Tanacetum associated with population should be easy to vulgare) Mitkof PRD-HP-005 POCU6 population eradicate.

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), with an invasiveness ranking of 52, is a fairly aggressive species that has infested large areas of the contiguous Pacific Northwest mainland areas. The population on Mitkof Island on the unpaved portion of the State Highway is a priority for control, as it spreads for ½ mile at a low density and is aggressively colonizing at either end. This is the only population encountered on Mitkof and could be associated with the frequent vehicular traffic on this section of road. This species was also encountered on Ketchikan at low densities.

Hairy cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata), was observed on more than one occasion growing under a canopy, where it achieved heights of over 1 m. Mature infestations in open areas tend to out compete most other vegetation and the ground becomes a veritable carpet. In western Oregon and Washington, this plant is very aggressive and is known as the “worst weed in Western Oregon” (Dennis, 1980). The species needs a good deal of moisture to reproduce well, making Southeast Alaska an ideal environment for invasion. Populations of particular concern include several on Wrangell Island, where the species was observed growing quite some distance from the road and often in shady environments. A population on Portage Bay in a landslide area associated with logging is also quite extensive. It is one of the only records of this species on the road system, and appears to be moving aggressively up the hill and into the cut area. It is located on FS road 6032 at approximately 1.9 miles from road 6031, and was not captured on a survey point.

Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum) Herb Robert was located on Kake and Wrangell Island in small populations. This species is notorious for colonizing forest areas in Western Washington and Oregon where the

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 23

climate is similar to SE Alaska, and controlling this burgeoning infestation could prevent problems down the road.

4.4 Species for further observation The Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), English Ivy (Hedera helix), and Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) observed on Ketchikan should be closely watched for signs of spreading. These species are located in private areas and therefore control or eradication cannot be mandated. Other garden ornamentals encountered in Ketchikan whose ability to invade natural areas is unknown should also be watched. These include lady’s mantle (Alchemilla mollis), common bugle (Ajuga reptens), English holly (Ilex aquifolium), sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima), and creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia).

The hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.) on Wrangell Island should be closely monitored and control to prevent further encroachment along the road system.

The hedge false bindweed (Convolvulus sepium) encountered on Ketchikan and Wrangell poses a threat of an unknown degree. This species is listed as a noxious weed in several lower 48 US States. Bindweeds can be very aggressive and this species is recommended for close monitoring and possible control.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 24

5. References

AKEPIC – Alaska Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse. 2005. Invasive Plants of Alaska. Alaska Association of Conservation Districts Publication. Anchorage, Alaska.

Alaska Natural Heritage Program, 2004. Weed Ranking List. Anchorage, Alaska.

Borchett, Nanna, 2004. Final Report on Invasive Plants in Southeast Alaska. Sitka Conservation Society, Sitka, Alaska.

Dennis, La Rea J. 1980. Gilkey’s Weeds of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.

Evans, J.E. 1984. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): a literature review of management practices. Natural Areas Journal 4:11-21.

Hulten, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California.

Lapina, I. and Carlson, M. 2004. Non-native plant species of Susitna, Matanuska, and Copper River Basins: summary of survey findings and recommendations for control actions. Alaska Natural Heritage Program. University of Anchorage, Alaska.

Sheley, R.L. and Petroff, J.K. 1999. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.

USDA Forest Service, 2004. Selected Invasive Plants of Alaska. Forest Service, Alaska Region. R10-TP-130B.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 25

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 26

Appendix A- Class I Species List Class 1. Known and Potential Invasive Plants of Alaska that may occur on around Ketchikan and on Wrangell Island. Two vouchers of each of these species will be collected.

Scientific Name Code (Hulten 1968; or Kartesz *) Common Name Family ACFI Achillea filipendulina Lam. fernleaf yarrow Asteraceae AGCA5 Agrostis capillaris L. colonial bentgrass Poaceae AGGI2 Agrostis gigantea Roth creeping bentgrass, red top Poaceae AGST2 Agrostis stolonifera L. creeping bentgrass, red top Poaceae ALGE2 Alopecurus geniculatus L. water foxtail Poaceae ALPE4 Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic mustard Brassicaceae ALPR3 Alopecurus pratensis L. meadow foxtail Poaceae AMRE Amaranthus retroflexus L. redroot pigweed Amaranthaceae ANCO2 Anthemis cotula L. mayweed Asteraceae ANTI Anthemis tinctoria L. yellow chamomile Asteraceae ARAN7 Potentilla anserina L. silverweed Rosaceae ARGL Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Tower rockcress Brassicaceae chickpea milkvetch, cicer ASCI4 Astragalus cicer L.?* milkvetch Fabaceae ASPR Asperugo procumbens L. German-madwort Boraginaceae AVFA Avena fatua L. wildoats Poaceae BEIN2 Berteroa incana Hoary false madwort Brassicaceae BEPE3 Betula pendula European white birch Betulaceae bur-marigold, nodding BICE Bidens cernua L. beggar-ticks Asteraceae BRHO2 Bromus hordeaceus L. soft brome Poaceae BRINI Bromus inermis Leyss. Ssp. Inermis smooth brome Poaceae BRJU Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. indian mustard Brassicaceae BRNA Brassica napus L. Rape Brassicaceae BRRA Brassica rapa L. field mustard Brassicaceae BRRAR Brassica rapa L.var. rapa Purple-topped Turnip Brassicaceae BRSE Bromus secalinus L. rye brome, cheat Poaceae BRTE Bromus tectorum L. cheatgrass, downy brome Poaceae CADE9 Carex deweyana Schwein. Dewey sedge Cyperaceae CEBI2 Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted knapweed Asteraceae larger mouse-eared CEFO2 Cerastium fontanum Baumg. chickweed Caryophyllaceae CEGL2 Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. Sticky chickweed Caryophyllaceae CHBE4 Chenopodium L.berlanderieri Pitseed goosefoot Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt. Ex CHLE4 S. Wats. Narrowleaf goosefoot Chenopodiaceae CIAR4 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle Asteraceae

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 27

Scientific Name Code (Hulten 1968; or Kartesz *) Common Name Family CIIN Cichorium intybus L. chicory Asteraceae CIVU Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull thistle Asteraceae COLI2 Collomia linearis Tiny trumpet Polemoniacea COAR4 Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed Convolvulaceae COCA5 Conyza canadensis Canadian horseweed Asteraceae COCO7 Cotula coronopifolia L. Brass Buttons Asteraceae CRTE3 Crepis tectorum L. Narrowleaf hawksbeard Asteraceae CYSC4 Cytisis scoparius (L.) Link Scotch Broom Fabaceae DEEL Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro slender hairgrass Poaceae DEPI Descurainia pinnata Western tansy mustard Brassicaceae DESO2 Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl tansy mustard Brassicaceae DIDE Dianthus deltoides L. Maiden pink Caryophyllaceae ELSI Elymus sibiricus L. Siberian wild rye Poaceae ERCI6 Erodium cicutarium Redstem stork’s bill Geraniaceae ERCH9 Erysimum cheiranthoides L. wormseed mustard Brassicaceae ERGA Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz* common dogmustard Brassicaceae Fragaria ananassa Duchesne (pro sp.) FRAN [chiloensis x virginiana] Domestic strawberry Rosaceae GABI3 Galeopsis bifida Boenn. splitlip hempnettle Lamiaceae GATE2 Galeopsis tetrahit L. brittlestem hempnettle Lamiaceae GNPA Gnaphalium palustre Marsh cudweed Asteraceae HEAN3 Helianthus annuus L. annual (common) sunflower Asteraceae HIAU Hieracium aurantiacum L. Orange Hawkweed Asteraceae HICA10 Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. meadow hawkweed Asteraceae HILA8 Hieracium lachenalii K.C. Gmel. Common hawkweed Asteraceae HIPIP Hieracium pilosella L. mouseear hawkweed Asteraceae HIUM Hieracium umbellatum Narrow-leaf Hawkweed Poaceae HOJU Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtail barley Poaceae HOLA Holcus lanatus L. Common velvetgrass Poaceae HOMUL Hordeum murinum L. spp leporinum (Link) Leporinum barley Clusiaceae HYPE Hypericum perforatum L. Common St. Johnswort Asteraceae HYRA3 Hypochoeris radicata L. cat's-ears Balsaminaceae IMGL Impatiens glandulifera Oramental jewelweed Asteraceae LACO3 Lapsana communis Common nipplewort Boraginaceae LASC Lappula myosotis Moench European beggar's lice Asteraceae LASE Lactuca serriola L. Prickly lettuce Asteraceae LEAU2 Leontodon autumnalis L. fall dandelion asteraceae LEHI4 Leontodon hirtus L. Rough hawkbit Brassicaceae LEDE Lepidium densiflorum Schrad common peppergrass Brassicaceae LERA2 Lepidum ramosissimum Manybranched pepperwood Asteraceae LEMA8 Leucanthemum maximum Shasta daisy Scrophulariaceae

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 28

Scientific Name Code (Hulten 1968; or Kartesz *) Common Name Family LIVU2 Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. butter and eggs Poaceae LOAR10 Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire tall fescue Poaceae LOPEM2 Lolium multiflorum Lam. Italian rye grass Poaceae LOPEP Lolium perenne L. perennial rye grass Fabaceae LOCO6 Lotus corniculatus Bird’s foot trefoil Fabaceae LOPE80 Lotus pedunculatus Big trefoil Fabaceae LUPOP4 Lupinus x pseudopolyphyllus* Kenai lupine Fabaceae LUPOP4 Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. large-leaf lupine Caryophyllaceae LYCH3 Lychnis chalcedonica L. maltesecross Lythraceae LYHY2 Lythrum hyssopifolia L.* hyssop loosestrife Lythraceae LYSA2 Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Fabaceae MELU Medicago lupulina L. black medic, hop clover Fabaceae MEMI Medicago minima L. burr medic Fabaceae MESAF Medicago falcata L. yellow alfalfa Lamiaceae MESP3 Mentha spicata L. spearmint Scrophulariaceae MIOR Antirrhinum orontium L. snapdragon Asteraceae MYMU Mycelis muralis L. wall lettuce Boraginaceae MYSC Myosotis scorpioides L. true forget-me-not Halagoraceae MYSP2 Myriophyllum spicatum L. Eurasian watermilfoil Brassicaceae NEPA3 Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. ball mustard Asteraceae ONAC Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle Fabaceae ONVI Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.* sainfoin, saintfoin Papaveraceae PANU3 Papaver nudicaule L. Iceland poppy Poaceae PHCA5 Phalaris canariensis L. Canary grass Plantaginaceae ribgrass, buckhorn, English PLLA Plantago lanceolata L. plantain Polygonaceae POAV Polygonum aviculare L. knotweed Poaceae POCO Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass Polygonaceae black bindweed, wild POCO10 Polygonum convolvulus L. buckwheat Polygonaceae POCU6 Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese knotweed Rosaceae POGR9 Potentilla gracilis Dougl. ex Hook. slender cinquefoil Polygonaceae POLA4 Polygonum lapathifolium L. willow weed Rosaceae PONO3 Potentilla norvegica L. Norwegian cinquefoil Poaceae POPA2 Poa palustris L. fowl bluegrass Polygonaceae POPE3 Polygonum persicaria l. lady's-thumb Poaceae POPRI2 Poa subcoerulea Sm. spreading bluegrass Poaceae POPRP2 Poa angustifolia L. Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae POTR2 Poa trivialis L. rough bluegrass Ranunculaceae RAAC3 Ranunculus acris L. tall buttercup Brassicaceae RASA2 Raphanus sativus L. cultivated radish Brassicaceae ROSY Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.* creeping yellowcress Polygonaceae

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 29

Scientific Name Code (Hulten 1968; or Kartesz *) Common Name Family RUACA Rumex acetosella L. spp. Acetosa Garden sorrel Polygonaceae RUAC3 Rumex acetosella L. ssp. acetosella sheep sorel Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella L. ssp. angiocarpus (Murb.) RUAC3 Murb. sheep sorel Polygonaceae RUOB Rumex obtusifolius L. bitter dock Caryophyllaceae SAOF4 Saponaria officinalis L. Bouncingbet Cyperaceae SCMA8 Scirpus paludosus A. Nels. bayonet grass Asteraceae SEJA Senecio jacobea L. Tansy ragwort, Stinky willie Poaceae SEVI4 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Green bristlegrass Brassicaceae SIAL2 Sisymbrium altissimum L. tumbling mustard Brassicaceae SIAL5 Sinapis alba L. white mustard Brassicaceae SIAR4 Sinapsis arvensis L. charlock Caryophyllaceae SILA21 Silene latifolia Poir. Bladder campion Caryophyllaceae SINO Melandrium noctiflorum (L.) Fries night-flowering catchfly Asteraceae SOAR2 Sonchus arvensis L. Perennial Sowthistle Rosaceae SOAU Sorbus aucuparia L. European mountain ash Asteraceae SOOL Sonchus oleraceous L. Common sowthistle Rosaceae SOSO2 Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Braun False spirea Caryophyllaceae SPAR Spergula arvensis L. spurry Caryophyllaceae SPRU Spergularia rubra (L.) J.& K. Presl purple sand spurry Boraginaceae SYOF Symphytum officinale L. common comfrey Asteraceae TALA2 Taraxacum scanicum Dahlst. rock dandelion Asteraceae Common Tansy, golden TAVU Tanacetum vulgare L. buttons Brassicaceae THAR5 Thlaspi arvense L. pennycress Fabaceae TRDU2 Trifolium dubium Sibthorp Suckling clover Poaceae TRAE Triticum aestivum L. wheat Asteraceae TRDU Tragopogon dubius Scop. yellow salsify, goatsbeard Asteraceae TRPE21 Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz-Bip. scentless mayweed Scrophulariaceae VESES Veronica serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia thyme-leaf speedwell Caprifoliaceae VIOP Viburnum opulus American cranberrybush Fabaceae VICRC Vicia cracca L. ssp. Cracca bird vetch, dog pea Fabaceae VITR Viola tricolor L. johnny jumpup Violaceae

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 30

Appendix B- Class II Species List Class 2. Widespread, lower priority plants (invasive plants that are widespread across Southeast Alaska). One voucher for each of these species will be collected.

Scientific Name Code (Hulten 1968; or Kartesz *) Common Name Family ACMIM2 Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium L. common yarrow Asteraceae ACPT Achillea ptarmica L. sneezeweed Asteraceae AGCR Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. crested wheatgrass Poaceae CABU2 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik shepherd’s purse Brassicaceae CHAL7 Chenopodium album L., lambsquarters Chenopodiaceae DAGL Dactylis glomerata L. orchard grass Poaceae DIPU Digitalis purpurea L., purple foxglove Scrophulariaceae ELRE4 Elymus repens (L.) Gould quackgrass Poaceae GEPU2 Geranium pusillum L.* small geranium Geraniaceae LEVU Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. oxeye daisy Asteraceae disk mayweed or MADI6 Matricaria discoidea DC. pineappleweed Asteraceae MESA Medicago sativa L. alfalfa Fabaceae MEAL12 Melilotus alba Medikus white sweetclover Fabaceae MEOF Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow sweetclover Fabaceae Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love., PASM synonym Agropyron smithii Rydb. western wheatgrass Poaceae PHAR3 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae PHPR3 Phleum pratense L. common timothy Poaceae PLMA2 Plantago major L. common plantain Plantaginaceae POAN Poa annua L. annual bluegrass Poaceae POPR Poa pratensis L. Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae RARE3 Ranunculus repens L. creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae RUCR Rumex crispus L. curly dock Polygonaceae RULO2 Rumex longifolius DC. garden dock Polygonaceae SEVU Senecio vulgaris L. common groundsel Asteraceae SOAS Sonchus asper (L.) Hill spiny sowthistle Asteraceae STME2 Stellaria media (L.) Vill common chickweed Caryophyllaceae TAOF Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers common dandelion Asteraceae TRAU2 Trifolium aureum Pollich golden clover Fabaceae TRHY Trifolium hybridum L. alsike clover Fabaceae TRPR2 Trifolium pratense L. red clover Fabaceae TRRE3 Trifolium repens L. white clover Fabaceae

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 31

Appendix C- Non-Native Species Lists

Non-Native Species List

Table C.1 Non-native species recorded during the 2006 surveys.

Species Common name Family Distribution Class *Aegopodium Ketchikan, podagraria Bishop's Goutweed Apiaceae Wrangell, Kake NOL Agrostis gigantea Redtop Poaceae Portage Bay 1 Agrostis stolonifera Creeping bentgrass Poaceae Mitkof 1 Ketchikan, Mitkof, Portage Agrostis tenuis Colonial bentgrass Poaceae Bay 1 *Ajuga reptans common bugle Lamiaceae Ketchikan NOL Ketchikan, Alchemilla mollis lady's mantle Rosaceae Wrangell NOL Alopecurus geniculatus water foxtail Poaceae Portage Bay 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail Poaceae Portage Bay 1 Anthoxanthemum Ketchikan, odoratum sweet vernal grass Poaceae Wrangell, Mitkof NOL *Barbarea sp. mustard Brassicaceae Mitkof 1 Brassica rapa rapeseed mustard Brassicaceae Kake 1 Calendula officinalis calendula Asteraceae Kake NOL Capsella bursa-pastoris shepard's purse Brassicaceae Ketchikan, Kake 2 Centaurea biebersteinii spotted knapweed Asteraceae Ketchikan, Kake HP Cerastium fontanum mouse ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae All 2 Leucanthemum Ketchikan, maximum max chrysanthemum Asteraceae Mitkof 1 Ketchikan, Cirsium arvensis Canada thistle Asteraceae Wrangell, Mitkof HP Ketchikan, Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Asteraceae Wrangell HP Ketchikan, Convolvulus sepium hedge false bindweed Convolvulaceae Wrangell NOL Crepis tectorum narrowleaf hawksbeard Asteraceae Mitkof 1 Cytisus scoparius Scotch brrom Fabaceae Ketchikan 1 Dacaus carota Queen Anne's Lace Apiaceae Wrangell NOL Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Poaceae All 2 Mitkof, Portage Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrass Poaceae Bay 1 Ketchikan, Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Scrophulariaceae Wrangell, Mitkof 2 Ketchikan, Euphrasia nemerosa common eyebright Scrophulariaceae Wrangell, Mitkof NOL Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Poaceae All 1

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 32

Species Common name Family Distribution Class Fragaria ananassa strawberry Rosaceae Wrangell, Kake 1 *Galeopsis bifida splitlip hempnettle Lamiaceae Kake 1 Geranium robertanium Herb Robert Gerianaceae Wrangell, Kake NOL Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Gnaphalium palustre cudweed Asteraceae Kake 1 Ketchikan, Hesperis matronalis dame's rocket Brassicaceae Wrangell NOL Ketchikan, 1, HP Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed Asteraceae Wrangell, Mitkof (Wrangell) Ketchikan, 1, HP Hieracium caespitosum meadow hawkweed Asteraceae Wrangell, Mitkof (Wrangell) Hedera helix English Ivy Araliaceae Ketchikan NOL Hieracium lachenalii common hawkweed Asteraceae Wrangell HP Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Holcus lanatus velvetgrass Poaceae Kake 1 Hordeum jubatum foxtail barley Poaceae Kake 1 Ketchikan, Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort Hyperiacaeae Mitkof 1 Hypochaeris radicata Hairy cat's ear Asteraceae All 1 Ilex aquifolium English holly Aquifoliaceae Ketchikan NOL Ketchikan, Iris pseudacorus yellow flag iris Iridaceae Mitkof NOL Ketchikan, Lapsana communis common nipplewort Boraginaceae Wrangell 1 Ketchikan, Leontondon autumnalis fall dandelion Asteraceae Mitkof 1 Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Asteraceae All 2 *Lobularia maritima sweet alyssum Brassicaceae Ketchikan NOL Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Poaceae Kake 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Poaceae Kake 1 Lotus corniculatus Bird's foot trefoil Fabaceae Wrangell, Mitkof 1 Ketchikan, Lupinus polyphyllus Kenai lupine Fabaceae Wrangell, Mitkof 1 Lysimachia nummularia creeping jenny Primulaceae Ketchikan NOL Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae All 2 Ketchikan, Mitkof, Kake, Medicago lupinula black medick Fabaceae Portage Bay 1 Wrangell, Mitkof, Melilotus alba white sweet clover Fabaceae Kake HP Mycelis muralis wall lettuce Fabaceae All 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Myosotis scirpoides forget me not Boraginaceae Portage Bay 1

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 33

Species Common name Family Distribution Class Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae All 2 Phleum pratense Timothy grass Poaceae All 2 *Phytolacca americana American pokeweed Phytolaccaceae Wrangell NOL Plantago major Common plaintain Plantaginaceae All 2 Poa annua annual bluegrass Poaceae All 2 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poaceae Kake 1 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae All 2 Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Poaceae All 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonaceae Kake HP Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Ranunculus acris tall buttercup Ranunculaceae Kake 1 Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae All 2 Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry Rosaceae Ketchikan HP Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Polygonaceae Portage Bay 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Rumex crispus Curly dock Polygonaceae Kake 2 Rumex obtusifolius Bitter dock Polygonaceae Kake 1 Sagina procumbens Birdeye pearlwort Caryophyllaceae Wrangell, Kake NOL Ketchikan, Senecio jacobea Common tansy Asteraceae Wrangell, Kake 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Senecio vulgaris old man in the spring Asteraceae Kake 2 Sonchus arvensis perennial sowthistle Asteraceae Ketchikan 1/HP Sonchus asper sowthistle Asteraceae Ketchikan, Kake 1 Ketchikan, Sonchus oleraceous sowthistle Asteraceae Wrangell, Kake 1 Ketchikan, Sorbus aucuparia European Mtn Ash Rosaceae Wrangell, Kake 1 Ketchikan, Wrangell, Mitkof, Stellaria media Chickweed Caryophyllaceae Kake 2 Ketchikan, Symphytum officinale common comfrey Boraginaceae Wrangell 1 Wrangell, Mitkof, Tanacetum vulgare tansy ragwort Asteraceae Portage Bay HP Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Asteraceae All 2 Trifolium aureum red clover Fabaceae Kake 2 Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Fabaceae All 2 Trifolium pratense strawberry clover Fabaceae All 2 Trifolium repens white clover Fabaceae All 2

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 34

Species Common name Family Distribution Class Triticum aestivum common wheat Poaceae Kake 1 Veronica officinalis common gypsyweed Scrophulariaceae Ketchikan, Kake NOL Ketchikan, Veronica serpyfolia ssp. Wrangell, Mitkof, serpyfolia thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae Kake 1

*starred species were not included in the AKEPIC database. This was due to lack of verification, skepticism about identification, or in other circumstances, the species was found in a planting but was not observed escaping. They remain on the list to serve as potential species to watch for in the future.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 35

Ketchikan Non-Native Species List Table C.2 Non-native Species Recorded on Ketchikan

Code Scientific Name Common Name Family Class *AEPOV Aegopodium podagraria Bishop's goutweed Apiaceae NOL AGCA5 Agrostis tenuis Colonial bentgrass Poaceae 1 *AJRE Ajuga reptans common bugle Lamiaceae NOL ALMO12 Alchemilla mollis lady's mantle Rosaceae NOL ALPR3 Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail Poaceae 1 ANOD Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal grass Poaceae 1 CABU2 Capsella bursa-pastoris shepard's purse Brassicaceae 2 CEFO2 Cerastium fontanum mouse ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 CEBI2 Centaurea biebersteinii spotted knapweed Asteraceae HP CIAR4 Cirsium arvensis Canada thistle Asteraceae HP CIVU Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Asteraceae HP COSE14 Convolvulus sepium hedge false bindweed Convolvulaceae NOL CYSC4 Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom Fabaceae 1 DAGL Dactylis glomerata orchard grass Poaceae 2 DIPU Digitalis purpurea foxglove Schrophulariaceae 2 EUNE3 Euphrasia nemorosa common eyebright Schrophulariaceae 1 GNPA Gnaphalium palustre marsh cudweed Asteraceae 1 HEHE Hedera helix english ivy Araliaceae NOL HEMA3 Hesperis matronalis dame's rocket Brassicaceae NOL HIAU Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed Asteraceae 1 HICA10 Hieracium caespitosum meadow hawkweed Asteraceae 1 HOLA Holcus lanatus velvetgrass Poaceae 1 HYPE Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort Clusiaceae 1 HYRA3 Hypochaeris radicata hairy cat's ear Asteraceae 1 ILAQ80 Ilex aquifolium English holly Aquifoliaceae NOL IRPS Iris pseudocorus yellow flag iris Iridaceae 1 LACO3 Lapsana communis common nipplewort Asteraceae 1 LEAU2 Leontodon autumnalis fall dandelion Asteraceae 1 LEMA8 Leucanthemum maximum max chrysanthemum Asteraceae 1 LEVU Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Asteraceae 2 LOAR10 Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Poaceae 2 *LOMA Lobularia maritima sweet alyssum Brassicaceae NOL LOPEM2 Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Poaceae 1 LOPEP Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Poaceae 1 LUPOP4 Lupinus polyphyllus large-leaf lupine Fabaceae 1 LYNU Lysimachia nummularia creeping jenny Primulaceae NOL MADI6 Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae 2 MELU Medicago lupinula black medic Fabaceae 1

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 36

Code Scientific Name Common Name Family Class MYMU Mycelis muralis wall lettuce Asteraceae 1 MYSC Myosotis scirpoides forget me not Boraginaceae 1 PHAR3 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae 2 PHPR3 Phloem pratense Timothy grass Poaceae 2 PLMA2 Plantago major common plaintain Plantaginaceae 2 POAN Poa annua annual bluegrass Poaceae 2 POCO Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poaceae 1 POCU6 Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonaceae HP POPR Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae 2 POTR2 Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Poaceae 1 RAAC3 Ranunculus acris tall buttercup Ranunculaceae 1 RARE3 Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae 2 RUAC3 Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel Polygonaceae 1 RUCR Rumex crispus curly dock Polygonaceae 2 RUDI2 Rubus discolor Himalayan blackberry Rosaceae HP SEJA Senecio jacobea tansy ragwort Asteraceae HP SEVU Senecio vulgaris common groundsel Asteraceae 2 SOAR2 Sonchus arvensis perennial sowthistle Asteraceae HP SOAS Sonchus asper annual sowthistle Asteraceae 1 SOAU Sorbus aucuparia European mountain ash Rosaceae 1 SOOL Sonchus oleraceus common sow thistle Asteraceae 1 STME2 Stelleria media common chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 SYOF Symphytum officinale common comfrey Boraginaceae 1 TAOF Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Asteraceae 2 TRHY Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Fabaceae 2 TRPR2 Trifolium pratense strawberry clover Fabaceae 2 TRRE3 Trifolium repens white clover Fabaceae 2 VEOF2 Veronica officinalis common gypsyweed Scrophulariaceae NOL Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. VESES Serpyllifolia thymeleaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae 1 *starred species were not included in the AKEPIC database. This was due to lack of verification, skepticism about identification, or in other circumstances, the species was found in a planting but was not observed escaping. They remain on the list to serve as potential species to watch for in the future.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 37

Wrangell Non-Native Species List Table C.3 Non-native Species Recorded on Wrangell Island

Code Species Common name Family Class *AEPOV Aegopodium podagraria Bishop's Goutweed Apiaceae NOL ALMO12 Alchemilla mollis lady's mantle Rosaceae NOL ALPR2 Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail Poaceae 1 ANOD Anthoxanthemum odoratum sweet vernal grass Poaceae NOL CEFO2 Cerastium fontanum mouse ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 LEMA8 Leucanthemum maximum max chrysanthemum Asteraceae 1 CIAR4 Cirsium arvensis Canada thistle Asteraceae HP CIVU Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Asteraceae HP COSE14 Convolvulus sepium hedge false bindweed Convolvulaceae NOL DACA Dacaus carota Queen Anne's Lace Apiaceae NOL DAGL Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Poaceae 2 DIPU Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Scrophulariaceae 2 EUNE3 Euphrasia nemerosa common eyebright Scrophulariaceae NOL FRAN Fragaria ananassa strawberry Rosaceae 1 GERO Geranium robertanium Herb Robert Gerianaceae GNPA Gnaphalium palustre cudweed Asteraceae 1 HEMA3 Hesperis matronalis dame's rocket Brassicaceae NOL HIAU Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed Asteraceae HP HICA10 Hieracium caespitosum meadow hawkweed Asteraceae HP HILA8 Hieracium lachenellii common hawkweed Asteraceae HP HOLA Holcus lanatus velvetgrass Poaceae 1 HYRA3 Hypochaeris radicata Hairy cat's ear Asteraceae 1 LACO3 Lapsana communis common nipplewort Boraginaceae 1 LEVU Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Asteraceae 2 LOPEM2 Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Poaceae 1 LOPEP Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Poaceae 1 LOCO6 Lotus corniculatus Bird's foot trefoil Fabaceae 1 LUPUP Lupinus polyphyllus Kenai lupine Fabaceae 1 MADI6 Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae 2 MEAL12 Melilotus alba white sweet clover Fabaceae HP MYMU Mycelis muralis wall lettuce Fabaceae 1 MYSC Myosotis scirpoides forget me not Boraginaceae 1 PHAR3 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae 2 PHPR3 Phloem pratense Timothy grass Poaceae 2 *PHAM4 Phytolacca americana American pokeweed Phytolaccaceae NOL PLMA2 Plantago major Common plaintain Plantaginaceae 2 POAN Poa annua annual bluegrass Poaceae 2 POCO Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poaceae 1

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 38

Code Species Common name Family Class POPR2 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae 2 POTR2 Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Poaceae 1 POCU6 Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonaceae HP RAAC3 Ranunculus acris tall buttercup Ranunculaceae 1 RARE3 Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae 2 RUAC3 Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Polygonaceae 1 RUCR Rumex crispus Curly dock Polygonaceae 2 SAPR Sagina procumbens Birdeye pearlwort Caryophyllaceae NOL SEJA Senecio jacobaea Common tansy Asteraceae 1 SEVU Senecio vulgare old man in the spring Asteraceae 2 SOOL Sonchus oleraceous sowthistle Asteraceae 1 SOAU Sorbus aucuparia European Mtn Ash Rosaceae 1 STME2 Stellaria media Chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 SYOF Symphytum officinale common comfrey Boraginaceae 1 TAVU Tanacetum vulgare tansy ragwort Asteraceae HP TAOF Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Asteraceae 2 TRHY Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Fabaceae 2 TRPR2 Trifolium pratense strawberry clover Fabaceae 2 TRRE3 Trifolium repens white clover Fabaceae 2 Veronica serpyfolia ssp. VESES Serpyfolia thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae 1 *starred species were not included in the AKEPIC database. This was due to lack of verification, skepticism about identification, or in other circumstances, the species was found in a planting but was not observed escaping. They remain on the list to serve as potential species to watch for in the future.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 39

Mitkof Non-Native Species List Table C.4 Non-native Species Recorded on Mitkof Island

Code Species Common name Family Class AGCA5 Agrostis tenuis Colonial bentgrass Poaceae 1 ALPR2 Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail Poaceae 1 ANOD Anthoxanthemum odoratum sweet vernal grass Poaceae NOL *BARB Barbarea sp. mustard Brassicaceae 1 CEFO2 Cerastium fontanum mouse ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 LEMA8 Leucanthemum maximum max chrysanthemum Asteraceae 1 CIAR4 Cirsium arvensis Canada thistle Asteraceae HP CRTE3 Crepis tectorum narrowleaf hawksbeard Asteraceae 1 DAGL Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Poaceae 2 DEEL Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrass Poaceae 1 DIPU Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Scrophulariaceae 2 EUNE3 Euphrasia nemerosa common eyebright Scrophulariaceae NOL LOAR10 Festuca arundinace tall fescue Poaceae 1 GNPA Gnaphalium palustre cudweed Asteraceae 1 1, HP HIAU Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed Asteraceae (Wrangell) 1, HP HICA10 Hieracium caespitosum meadow hawkweed Asteraceae (Wrangell) HYPE Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort Hyperiacaeae 1 HYRA3 Hypochaeris radicata Hairy cat's ear Asteraceae 1 HOLA Holcus lanatus velvetgrass Poaceae 1 IRPS Iris pseudacorus yellow flag iris Iridaceae NOL LEAU2 Leontondon autumnalis fall dandelion Asteraceae 1 LEVU Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Asteraceae 2 LOPEM2 Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Poaceae 1 LOPEP Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Poaceae 1 LOCO6 Lotus corniculatus Bird's foot trefoil Fabaceae 1 LUPUP Lupinus polyphyllus Kenai lupine Fabaceae 1 MADI6 Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae 2 MELU Medicago lupinula black medick Fabaceae 1 MEAL12 Melilotus alba white sweet clover Fabaceae HP MYMU Mycelis muralis wall lettuce Fabaceae 1 MYSC Myosotis scirpoides forget me not Boraginaceae 1 PHAR3 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae 2 PHPR3 Phloem pratense Timothy grass Poaceae 2 PLMA2 Plantago major Common plaintain Plantaginaceae 2 POAN Poa annua annual bluegrass Poaceae 2 POCO Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poaceae 1 POPR2 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae 2

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 40

Code Species Common name Family Class POTR2 Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Poaceae 1 POCU6 Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonaceae HP RAAC3 Ranunculus acris tall buttercup Ranunculaceae 1 RARE3 Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae 2 RUCR Rumex crispus Curly dock Polygonaceae 2 SEVU Senecio vulgaris old man in the spring Asteraceae 2 STME2 Stellaria media Chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 TAVU Tanacetum vulgare tansy ragwort Asteraceae HP TAOF Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Asteraceae 2 TRHY Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Fabaceae 2 TRPR2 Trifolium pratense strawberry clover Fabaceae 2 TRRE3 Trifolium repens white clover Fabaceae 2 Veronica serpyfolia ssp. VESES Serpyfolia thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae 1 *starred species were not included in the AKEPIC database. This was due to lack of verification, skepticism about identification, or in other circumstances, the species was found in a planting but was not observed escaping. They remain on the list to serve as potential species to watch for in the future.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 41

Kupreanof Non-Native Species List Kake Table C.5 Non-native Species Recorded on the Kake Road System

Code Species Common name Family Class *AEPOV Aegopodium podagraria Bishop's Goutweed Apiaceae NOL BRRA Brassica rapa rapeseed mustard Brassicaceae 1 CAOF Calendula officinalis calendula Asteraceae NOL CABU2 Capsella bursa-pastoris shepard's purse Brassicaceae 2 CEBI2 Centaurea biebersteinii spotted knapweed Asteraceae HP CEFO2 Cerastium fontanum mouse ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 DAGL Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Poaceae 2 LOAR10 Festuca arundinace tall fescue Poaceae 1 FRAN Fragaria ananassa strawberry Rosaceae 1 *GABI3 Galeopsis bifida splitlip hempnettle Lamiaceae 1 GERO Geranium robertanium Herb Robert Gerianaceae GNPA Gnaphalium palustre cudweed Asteraceae 1 HOLA Holcus lanatus velvetgrass Poaceae 1 HOJU Hordeum jubatum foxtail barley Poaceae 1 HYRA3 Hypochaeris radicata Hairy cat's ear Asteraceae 1 LEVU Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Asteraceae 2 LOPEP Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass Poaceae 1 LOPEM2 Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Poaceae 1 MADI6 Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae 2 MELU Medicago lupinula black medick Fabaceae 1 MEAL12 Melilotus alba white sweet clover Fabaceae HP MYMU Mycelis muralis wall lettuce Fabaceae 1 PHAR3 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae 2 PHPR3 Phloem pratense Timothy grass Poaceae 2 PLMA2 Plantago major Common plaintain Plantaginaceae 2 POAN Poa annua annual bluegrass Poaceae 2 POCO Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poaceae 1 POPR2 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae 2 POTR2 Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Poaceae 1 POCU6 Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed Polygonaceae HP RAAC3 Ranunculus acris tall buttercup Ranunculaceae 1 RARE3 Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae 2 RUCR Rumex crispus Curly dock Polygonaceae 2 RUOB Rumex obtusifolius Bitter dock Polygonaceae 1 SAPR Sagina procumbens Birdeye pearlwort Caryophyllaceae NOL SEJA Senecio jacobaea Common tansy Asteraceae 1 SEVU Senecio vulgare old man in the spring Asteraceae 2

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 42

Code Species Common name Family Class SOAS Sonchus asper sowthistle Asteraceae 1 SOOL Sonchus oleraceous sowthistle Asteraceae 1 SOAU Sorbus aucuparia European Mtn Ash Rosaceae 1 STME2 Stellaria media Chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 TAOF Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Asteraceae 2 TRAU2 Trifolium aureum red clover Fabaceae 2 TRHY Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Fabaceae 2 TRPR2 Trifolium pratense strawberry clover Fabaceae 2 TRRE3 Trifolium repens white clover Fabaceae 2 TRAE Triticum aestivum common wheat Poaceae 1 VEOF2 Veronica officinalis common gypsyweed Scrophulariaceae NOL Veronica serpyfolia ssp. VESES Serpyfolia thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae 1 *starred species were not included in the AKEPIC database. This was due to lack of verification, skepticism about identification, or in other circumstances, the species was found in a planting but was not observed escaping. They remain on the list to serve as potential species to watch for in the future.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 43

Portage Bay Table C.6 Non-native Species Recorded on the Portage Bay Road System

Code Species Common Name Family Class AGGI2 Agrostis gigantea Redtop Poaceae 1 AGCA5 Agrostis tenuis Colonial bentgrass Poaceae 1 ALPR2 Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail Poaceae 1 ALGE Alopecurus geniculatus water foxtail Poaceae 1 CEFO2 Cerastium fontanum mouse ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae 2 DAGL Dactylis glomerata Orchard grass Poaceae 2 DEEL Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrass Poaceae 1 LOAR10 Festuca arundinacea tall fescue Poaceae 1 HYRA3 Hypochaeris radicata Hairy cat's ear Asteraceae 1 LEVU Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Asteraceae 2 MADI6 Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Asteraceae 2 MELU Medicago lupinula black medick Fabaceae 1 MYMU Mycelis muralis wall lettuce Fabaceae 1 MYSC Myosotis scirpoides forget me not Boraginaceae 1 PHAR3 Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Poaceae 2 PHPR3 Phloem pratense Timothy grass Poaceae 2 PLMA2 Plantago major Common plaintain Plantaginaceae 2 POAN Poa annua annual bluegrass Poaceae 2 POPR2 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae 2 POTR2 Poa trivialis rough bluegrass Poaceae 1 RARE3 Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae 2 RUAC3 Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Polygonaceae 1 TAVU Tanacetum vulgare tansy ragwort Asteraceae HP TAOF Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Asteraceae 2 TRHY Trifolium hybridum alsike clover Fabaceae 2 TRPR2 Trifolium pratense strawberry clover Fabaceae 2 TRRE3 Trifolium repens white clover Fabaceae 2

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 44

Appendix D- List of Voucher Specimens Appendix D1. Voucher Specimens from Ketchikan/Wrangell

Collection Common Location ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Notes Elevation Habitat Lupinus Largeleaf End of FS road WRD_1 8/2/2006 polyphyllus lupine WRD_50016_001 50016 363 Roadside Wrangell Island, Canada forest service surrounding WRD_3 8/7/2006 Poa compressa bluegrass WRD_6267_036 road 6267 558 picnic area FS road 943 on eastside of road Leucanthemum on other side of WRD_5 8/8/2006 maximum Shasta Daisy WRD_943_35A water pipe 398 Roadside state road 943 at intersection with Shoemaker Bay Lotus Birds foot Loop Rd, south Roadside, WRD_6 7/25/2006 corniculatus trefoil WRD_943_021 ditch 68 ditch. Phalaris rough infested WRD_7 8/9/2006 Poa trivialis bluegrass WRD_943_018 State road 943, 168 roadside WRD_8 8/9/2006 Ranunculus acris Tall buttercup WRD_943_020 State road 943 83 Roadside coastal and Potentilla Wrangell Island, muddy WRD_9 8/9/2006 pacifica? silverweed WRD_WCE_001 WCE road 41 stream bank Geranium Wrangell Island, Shaded WRD_10 8/9/2006 robertianum Herb Robert WRD_CEL_001 stream bank 41 riparian bank Hieracium orange WRD_11 8/9/2006 auratiacum hawkweed WRD_943_008 on FS road 943 64 roadside Myosotis WRD_12 8/12/2006 scirpoides forget me not WRD_943_006 on state road 943 61 wet ditch Hieracium meadow WRD_13 8/9/2006 caespitosum hawkweed WRD_6265_039 on FS road 6265 384 roadside Wrangell Island, WRD_14 8/9/2006 Senecio jacobea tansy ragwort WRD_943_009 on state road 943 36 roadside on FS road Roadside, in rough WRD_6259C_00 6259C, at log gravel at WRD_15 8/8/2006 POTR2 bluegrass 6 landing 251 landing. Common WRD_16 8/9/2006 HILA8 hawkweed WRD_CEL_001 Wrangell Island. 41 Roadside Agrostis creeping Wrangell Island, Roadside, WRD_17 8/9/2006 stolonifera bentgrass WRD_TL_009 town loop road 34 gravel lot Trifolium Wrangell Island, WRD_20 7/25/2006 hybridum Alsike clover WRD_TL_011 town loop road 103 Roadside Gnaphalium Wrangell Island, WRD_21 8/10/2006 palustre cudweed WRD_TL_002 town loop road 131 Roadside Wrangell Island, Anthoxanthum sweet vernal forest service WRD_22 8/10/2006 odoratum grass WRD_50022_005 road 50022 909 Roadside white Wrangell Island, gravel WRD_23 7/24/2006 Melilotus alba sweetclover WRD_TL_004 town loop road 30 parking lot Tanacetum Common WRD_24 8/10/2006 vulgare tansy WRD_6270_038 roadside 378 roadside Hypochaeris on a FS road near WRD_025 8/10/2006 radicata Hairy cat's ear WRD_50009_005 clearcut 500 roadside

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 45

Collection Common Location ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Notes Elevation Habitat in private yard Polygonum Japanese overhanging WRD_26 8/10/2006 cuspidatum knotweed WRD_943_001 sidewalk 99 Ketchikan, Revilla Road, 2.8 Hieracium spp. miles from hwy KRD_1 7/11/2006 (pratense?) hawkweed KRD_RR_015 on south of road 312 gravel in Alaska Proud beauty bark/ grocery store ornamental shrub plantings shrub KRD_2 7/14/2006 Cirsium arvensis Canada thistle KRD_TH_065 near sidewalk. 99 plantings Ketchikan, Revilla Road, at eastern end of KRD_3 7/12/2006 Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel KRD_RR_045 pullout 697 roadside mossy rock outcrop, shaded, under sitka spruce & Lupinus Largeleaf Ketchikan, Ward hemlock KRD_4 7/13/2006 polyphyllus lupine KRD_WLS_003 Lake Spur Rd 108 canopy Ketchikan, south Lysimachia Tongass KRD_013 7/16/2006 nummularia creeping jenny KRD_TH_106 Highway, 82 ruderal Veronica serpyfolia ssp. thymeleaf Ketchikan, Ward KRD_6 7/13/2006 Serpyfolia speedwell KRD_WLS_3 Lake Spur Rd. 108 gravel ditch Ketchikan, Tongass Lapsana common Highway, north KRD_7 7/13/2006 communis nipplewort KRD_TH_005 of the island 166 roadside Ketchikan, Tongass Hwy, on gravel road Hypericum within mine mining/extra KRD_8 7/16/2006 perfoliata St. John's wort KRD_TH_094 feature 44 ction area Ketchikan, Tongass Sonchus common Highway, in Roadside, KRD_009 7/16/2006 oleraceous sowthistle KRD_TH_094 mining area 44 mine area garden bed at Medicago Ketchikan, private KRD_10 7/16/2006 lupinula black medick KRD_TH_107 Tongass highway 77 residence climbing/han ging vertically between Ketchikan, lawn and Convolvulus Tongass roadside KRD_11 7/15/2006 sepium bindweed KRD_TH_086 Highway, 65 ditch. Ketchikan, Tongass common Highway, along a sidewalk KRD_12 7/15/2006 Senecio vulgaris groundsel KRD_TH_069 sidewalk 7 crack Veronica common Ketchikan, Ward KRD_005 7/16/2006 officinalis gypsy weed` KRD_WLS_003 Lake Spur Rd. 108 gravel ditch

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 46

Collection Common Location ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Notes Elevation Habitat waste area Ketchikan, east with other Euphrasia common side of N. Pt weeds and KRD_14 7/14/2006 nemorosa eyebright KRD_TH_018 Higgens 166 lawn grasses common Ketchikan, in alongside a KRD_15 7/16/2006 Stellaria media chickweed N/A town 41 sidewalk Ketchikan, Ward Lake Spur Rd., Capsella bursa- shepard's near CCC KRD_16 7/13/2006 pastoris purse KRD_WLS_003 shelters 108 gravel ditch Ketchikan, Matricaria pineapple Tongass KRD_17 7/22/2006 discoidea weed KRD_TH_065 Highway 99 roadside Ketchikan, Tongass Highway, 11.25 miles from end of N Tongass Hwy, at intersection w KRD_18 7/22/2006 Senecio jacobea tansy ragwort KRD_TH_047 Revilla Rd 79 roadside Trifolium Revilla Rd. Mile KRD_19 7/22/2006 pratense Red clover KRD_RR_029 Marker 6. 398 roadside Myosotis KRD_20 scirpoides Ketchikan, downtown, intersection of Stedman and East KRD_21 7/22/2006 Phleum pratense Timothy grass N/A St 42 Roadside lot Lolium KRD_22 multiflorum Ketchikan, downtown, intersection of Leucanthemum Stedman and East KRD_23 7/22/2006 vulgare oxeye daisy N/A St 42 Roadside lot Ketchikan, Tongass highway, across from 229 Conium poison Stedman St on rocky shore KRD_24 7/22/2006 maculatum hemlock KRD_TH_079 rocky shore 53 of inlet common Ketchikan, KRD_25 7/22/2006 Plantago major plaintain KRD_BMR_002 Brown Mtn Road 484 Roadside annual Ketchikan, KRD_26 7/12/2006 Poa annua bluegrass KRD_BMR_004 Brown Mtn Road 512 Roadside Ketchikan, Symphytum Tongass KRD_27 7/14/2006 officinale comfrey KRD_TH_019 Highway 207 Roadside Close to road, near Hesperis Ketchikan inner city KRD_28 7/15/2006 matronalis dames rocket KRD_TH_075 city 64 plantings Ketchikan, Tongass Hieracium orange Highway, soil/sidewalk KRD_29 7/15/2006 auratiacum hawkweed KRD_TH_069 downtown 67 in downtown KRD_30 Poa trivialis

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 47

Collection Common Location ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Notes Elevation Habitat Cerastium mouse ear Ketchikan, KRD_31 7/12/2006 fontanum chickweed KRD_BMR_001 Brown Mtn Road 413 roadside white Ketchikan, KRD_32 7/12/2006 Trifolium repens sweetclover KRD_BMR_001 Brown Mtn Road 413 roadside Ranunculus creeping Ketchikan, KRD_33 7/12/2006 repens buttercup KRD_BMR_001 Brown Mtn Road 413 roadside Phalaris reed canary Ketchikan, KRD_34 7/12/2006 arundinacea grass KRD_BMR_001 Brown Mtn Road 413 roadside Taraxacum common Ketchikan, KRD_35 7/12/2006 officinale dandelion KRD_BMR_001 Brown Mtn Road 413 roadside

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 48

Appendix D2. Voucher Specimens from Mitkof/Kupreanof

Collection Common ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Location Notes Elevation Habitat on Kake road system, on the Hypochaeris Hairy cat's roadside, 371 foot KAKE_005 8/21/2006 radicata ear KAKE_6326_023 elevation 371' roadside at the end of a FS road/landing, 634 KAKE_006 8/21/2006 Triticum aestivum wheat KAKE_45808_013 elevation 634' roadside Behind a private structure on Keku foxtail Rd, in Kake, private KAKE_013 8/21/2006 Hordeum jubatum barley N/A yard 100' roadside Queen KAKE_014 8/21/2006 Daucus carota Anne's Lace N/A roadside 100' roadside 27.85 miles on SR 7 roadside, perennial at ferry terminal probably PRD_001 7/26/2006 Lolium perenne ryegrass PRD_SR7_111 intersection 103' seeded Mitkof Island State roadside, Chrysanthemum highway, 11.0 miles probably PRD_002 7/24/2006 maximum shasta daisy PRD_SR7_048 from town. 156' seeded Mitkof Island, State roadside, Highway 7, 22.25 with TAVU, Hypericum St. John's miles from town. POAN, PRD_003 7/25/2006 perfoliata Wort PRD_SR7_088 Roadside. 36' PHAR3 Mitkof Island, State Highway 7, 22.5 roadside, Bird's foot miles from town. with POCO, PRD_004 7/25/2006 Lotus corniculatus trefoil PRD_SR7_089 Roadside. 24' HIAU Roadside, Mitkof Island, with Cabin Creek Road, PHAR3, Taraxacum common 0.25 miles from CEFO2, PRD_005 7/13/2006 officinale dandelion PRD_CCR_001 State highway. 67' POAN Roadside, Mitkof Island, with Cabin Creek Road, PHAR3, Kentucky 0.25 miles from CEFO2, PRD_006 7/13/2006 Poa pratensis bluegrass PRD_CCR_001 State highway. 67' POAN Mitkof Island, State Directly on Highway 7, 21.75 roadbed. Matricaria pineapple miles from town. With TAOF, PRD_007 7/25/2006 discoidea weed PRD_SR7_086 Roadside. 63' POAN Mitkof Island, State Highway 7, 21.75 Directly on annual miles from town. roadbed. PRD_008 7/25/2006 Poa annua bluegrass PRD_SR7_086 Roadside. 63' With TAOF Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Highway 7, 21.0 with Myosotis forget-me- miles from town. PLMA2, PRD_009 7/25/2006 scirpoides not PRD_SR7_083 Roadside. 94' POCO. Roadside, Mitkof Island, State with Highway 7, 21.0 PLMA2, common miles from town. POCO, PRD_010 7/25/2006 Plantago major plantain PRD_SR7_083 Roadside. 94' HIAU

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 49

Collection Common ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Location Notes Elevation Habitat Roadside, Mitkof Island, State with Highway 7, 19.0 RARE3, Hieracium orange miles from town. CEFO2, PRD_011 7/25/2006 aurantiacum hawkweed PRD_SR7_075 Roadside 76' TAOF. Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Highway 7, 19.3 with TRRE3, Cerastium mouse ear miles from town. POAN, PRD_012 7/25/2006 fontanum chickweed PRD_SR7_076 Roadside. 68' DAGL Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Highway 7, 19.3 with TRRE3, Dactylis orchard miles from town. RARE3, PRD_013 7/25/2006 glomerata grass PRD_SR7_076 Roadside. 68' POAN Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Highway 7, 19.6 with TRRE3, Ranunculus creeping miles from town. PLMA2, PRD_014 7/25/2006 repens buttercup PRD_SR7_077 Roadside. 45' LEVU Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Highway 7, 16.3 with HIAU, Canadian miles from town. TRRE3, PRD_015 7/25/2006 Poa compressa bluegrass PRD_SR7_064 Roadside. 109' PLMA2 Mitkof Island, Roadside, intersection of State with HIAU, white sweet Highway 7 and TRRE3, PRD_016 7/25/2006 Melilotus alba clover PRD_SR7_060 Papke's Landing Rd. 105' PLMA2 Mitkof Island, Roadside, intersection of State with HIAU, Hieracium meadow Highway 7 and TRRE3, PRD_017 7/25/2006 caespitosum hawkweed PRD_SR7_060 Papke's Landing Rd. 105' PLMA2 Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Highway 7, 22.25 with HYPE, Tanacetum common miles from town. POCO, PRD_018 7/25/2006 vulgare tansy PRD_SR7_088 Roadside. 36' RARE3 Kupreanof Island, Portage Bay road All along system. 9.25 miles intersection, from end of road with CEFO2, 6319 at intersection POPR, PRD_019 7/19/2006 Mycelis muralis wall lettuce PRD_6319_040 with Bunkhouse Rd. 205' PLMA2 Mitkof Island, FS road 6217, 0.25 miles from start of All along PRD_020 7/28/2006 Trifolium repens white clover PRD_6217_001 rd 160' roadside Scattered throughout road system, Kupreanof Island, with Portage Bay road PLMA2, Deschampsia tufted system. 7.75 miles PHAR3, PRD_021 7/19/2006 elongata hairgrass PRD_6319_032 from end of rd. 130' POAN. Across the road from a rockpit, with TRHY, Kupreanof Island, POPR, Portage Bay road AGCA5, system. 3.3 miles ALGE. In PRD_022 7/19/2006 Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel PRD_6319_013 from end of rd. 289' gravel.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 50

Collection Common ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Location Notes Elevation Habitat Roadside. Only one specimen encountered- Kupreanof Island, with Portage Bay road PHAR3, colonial system. 0.5 miles DEEL, PRD_23 7/19/2006 Agrostis tenuis bentgrass PRD_6323_003 from end of rd. 487' PHPR3. All along Mitkof Island, FS roadside, road 6217, 0.25 with POPR, Timothy miles from start of PLMA2, PRD_24 7/28/2006 Phleum pratense grass PRD_6217_001 rd 160' TAOF On Scow Mitkof Island, State Bay Loop Highway 7, 5.6 Rd in ditch miles south of town adjacent to Polygonum Japanese at intersection with private PRD_25 7/24/2006 cuspidatum knotweed PRD_SR7_026 Scow Bay Loop Rd 34' residence. Roadside, Mitkof Island, with PHPR3, Cabin Creek Road, PHAR3, Leucanthemum 1.0 mile north of TRHY, and PRD_26 7/13/2006 vulgare oxeye daisy PRD_CCR_004 State Highway. 134' CEFO2. Roadside in Mitkof Island, State residential Highway 7, 2.0 area, with miles south of POPR, strawberry intersection with TAOF, PRD_27 7/24/2006 Trifolium pratense clover PRD_SR7_011 Cabin Creek Rd. 29' LEVU. Roadside in Mitkof Island, State residential Highway 7, 2.0 area, with miles south of POPR, Trifolium intersection with TAOF, PRD_28 7/24/2006 hybridum alsike clover PRD_SR7_011 Cabin Creek Rd. 29' LEVU. Mitkof Island, FS Roadside, road 6217, 0.50 with MYSC, miles from start of PHAR3, PRD_29 7/26/2006 Rumex crispus curly dock PRD_6217_002 road 242' RARE3. Mitkof Island, State Roadside, Phalaris reed canary Highway 7, 31.5 with TAOF, PRD_30 7/26/2006 arundinacea grass PRD_SR7_123 miles south of town 61' TRRE3 Roadside, Mitkof Island, State wih HIAU, Leontondon Fall Highway 7, 12.0 HICA10, PRD_31 7/25/2006 autumnalis dandelion PRD_SR7_052 miles south of town. 152' LEVU. Across the road from a rockpit, with TRHY, POPR, Kupreanof Island, AGCA5, Portage Bay road ALGE. In Alopecurus system. 3.3 miles gravel PRD_32 7/19/2006 geniculatus water foxtail PRD_6319_013 from end of rd. 289' substrate. Kupreanof Island, Kake road system, Roadside KAKE_011 8/22/2006 Fragaria ananassa strawberry KAKE_FH40_004 FH40. 49' ditch

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 51

Collection Common ID Date Scientific name name Survey point Location Notes Elevation Habitat roadside- Kupreanof Island, near airport annual Kake road system, entrance KAKE_010 8/22/2006 Sonchus asper sowthistle KAKE_FH40_007 FH40. 27' road Kupreanof Island, Kake road system, Keku Street near roadside, KAKE_007 8/22/2006 Digitalis purpurea foxglove N/A city dock 40' rock pit. Kupreanof Island, Kake road system, rapeseed Keku Street near coastal riff KAKE_008 8/22/2006 Brassica rapa mustard N/A waterfront lodge 10' raff Kupreanof Island, Kake road system, field Keku Street near coastal riff KAKE_009 8/22/2006 Thlaspi arvense pennycress N/A waterfront lodge 10' raff Kupreanof Island, Centaurea spotted Kake road system, clearcut, 20- KAKE_003 8/19/2006 biebersteinii knapweed N/A FS road in clearcut 50 years old Kupreanof Island, Centaurea spotted Kake road system, clearcut, 20- KAKE_027 8/19/2006 biebersteinii knapweed N/A FS road in clearcut 50 years old Kupreanof Island, Veronica Kake road system, KAKE_002 8/19/2006 officinalis gypsyweed KAKE_6040_013 FS road 6040. 326 roadside Kupreanof Island, golden Kake road system, KAKE_001 8/19/2006 Trifolium aureum clover KAKE_6040_013 FS road 6040. 326 gravel, alder. Kupreanof Island, Dactylis orchard Kake road system, KAKE_004 8/19/2006 glomerata grass KAKE_6326_008 FS road 6326 341 roadside Kupreanof Island, Calendula Kake road system, KAKE_012 8/22/2006 officinalis calendula KAKE_FH40_001 FH40 in parking lot 39 parking lot Anthoxanthum sweet vernal Mitkof Island, State PRD_033 7/24/2006 odoratum grass PRD_SR7_037 Highway 7 55 roadside

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 52

Appendix E- Maps of Survey Areas

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 53

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 54

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 55

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 56

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 57

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 58

Appendix F- High Priority Species Locations

Table F.1 Ketchikan High Priority Species

# of Location Date Location ID Species plants Data point Description Comments Individual plant found at the ~2.0 mile point on Revilla Rd from Hwy 920. Plant on the 55.42974 N, north side of the road- 4 feet 7/11/2006 KRD-HP-001 CEBI2 1 KRD-RR-009 131.68858 W behind the guard rail. In planting in front of Robertson 55.33972 N, Building on south side of 7/15/2006 KRD_HP_002 RUDI 1 KRD_RR_080 131.63591 W Stedman St.

Table F.2 Wrangell High Priority Species

# of Location Date Location ID Species plants Data point Description Comments 56.47494 N, on the roadside. Elevation 102 7/24/2006 WRD_HP_001 HIAU 30+ WRD_50056_021 132.36385 W feet- photo taken 56.47614 N, 7/24/2006 WRD_HP_002 HIAU 100+ WRD_TL_001 132.37178 W roadside 56.48245 N, 7/24/2006 WRD_HP_003 HIAU 20-40 WRD_TL_002 132.37217 W roadside, no photo taken 56.48375 N, 7/24/2006 WRD_HP_004 HIAU ~20 WRD_TL_003 132.37422 W roadside in front of the Stikine Middle 56.47194 N, School, beneath thimbleberry. 7/24/2006 WRD_HP_005 HIAU 100+ WRD_TL_011 132.37905 W 79' elevation. 56.47156 N, In private residence yard at 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_006 HIAU ~10 WRD_TL_013 132.37541 W corner of Reid and Bennett St. Median/ditch in front of 56.47511 N, Forest Service office. 138' 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_007 HIAU 10+ WRD_TL_014 132.37268 W elevation. 56.46741 N, At plot center, elevation 29 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_008 HIAU 10 WRD_943_001 132.37405 W feet. 56.46708 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_009 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_001 132.37371 W Ditch on south side of street. 56.46368 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_010 HILA8 1 WRD_943_002 132.37378 W 931 Zamovia 56.46079 N, On N. side of road along 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_011 HILA8 50-70 WRD_943_003 132.37761 W barbed wire fence. 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_012 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_004 widespread throughout plot 56.45042 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_013 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_005 132.37860 W Roadside, widespread. 56.44706 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_014 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_006 132.37860 W Roadside/along sidewalk 56.44370 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_015 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_007 132.37651 W Roadside/widespread. 56.44366 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_016 HIAU ~10 WRD_943_007 132.37703 W Trailside/sidewalk.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 59

# of Location Date Location ID Species plants Data point Description Comments 56.44022 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_017 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_008 132.37368 W Trailside/sidewalk. 56.44021 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_018 HIAU 100+ WRD_943_008 132.37367 W Trailside/sidewalk. 56.43684 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_019 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_009 132.37139 W Trailside/sidewalk. 56.43716 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_020 HIAU 20+ WRD_943_009 132.37171 W Trailside/sidewalk. 56.43358 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_021 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_010 132.36773 W widespread throughout plot 56.43063 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_022 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_011 132.36442 W sidewalk 56.43063 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_023 HIAU 200+ WRD_943_011 132.36443 W sidewalk 56.42737 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_024 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_012 132.36159 W sidewalk 56.42418 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_025 HIAU 1000+ WRD_943_013 132.35888 W roadside 56.42449 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_026 HILA8 50+ WRD_943_013 132.35937 W roadside 56.42204 N, sparsely scattered throughout 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_027 HILA8 5+ WRD_943_014 132.35542 W plot 56.41956 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_028 HILA8 100+ WRD_943_015 132.34988 W Roadside, widespread. 56.41436 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_029 HILA8 50+ WRD_943_017 132.33981 W scattered throughout plot 56.41131 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_030 HIAU 100+ WRD_943_018 132.33781 W roadside 56.41122 N, roadside in front of fire 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_031 HILA8 1 WRD_943_018 132.33767 W hydrant 56.40731 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_032 HILA8 100+ WRD_943_019 132.33592 W roadside 56.40448 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_033 HILA8 50+ WRD_943_020 132.33522 W roadside, gravel 56.40363 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_034 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_021 132.33498 W roadside 56.40365 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_035 HIAU 20+ WRD_943_021 132.33497 W roadside 56.40092 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_036 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_022 132.33417 W roadside 56.39688 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_037 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_023 132.33453 W roadside 56.39473 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_038 HILA8 ~10 WRD_943_024 132.33759 W roadside 56.38828 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_039 HILA8 1000+ WRD_943_027 132.35134 W Roadside/widespread. 56.38808 N, 7/25/2006 WRD_HP_040 HIAU ~10 WRD_943_027 132.35130 W roadside 56.37494 N, uphill side of road, tops 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_041 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_029 132.36144 W mowed down 56.37082 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_042 HILA8 1000+ WRD_942_030 132.36165 W extremely high cover

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 60

# of Location Date Location ID Species plants Data point Description Comments 56.36836 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_043 HILA8 500+ WRD_943_031 132.35926 W 56.36203 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_044 HILA8 10+ WRD_943_033 132.35407 W scattered throughout plot 56.35915 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_045 HILA8 200+ WRD_943_034 132.35142 W widespread throughout plot 56.34586 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_046 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_037 132.33953 W roadside 56.34325 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_047 HILA8 20+ WRD_943_038 132.33853 W roadside 56.34018 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_048 HILA8 5+ WRD_943_039 132.33684 W roadside 56.33278 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_049 HILA8 5+ WRD_943_041 132.33939 W roadside- scattered 56.34606 N, 7/26/2006 WRD_HP_050 HILA8 1 WRD_6250_001 132.34544 W Roadside 56.31557 N, At intersection of 6265 and 7/31/2006 WRD_HP_052 HICA10 50+ WRD_6265_039 132.14259 W 6270 (road to Long Lake) This HILA8 was found in the middle of the road on spur 56.29909 N, 50016 off of FS 6270 about 8/2/2006 WRD_HP_053 HILA8 1 n/a 132.14243 W 1/10 mile down the road. 56.27361 N, Basal rosettes on south side of 8/2/2006 WRD_HP_054 CIVU 10+ WRD_6277_004 132.09257 W road 56.30618 N, 8/7/2006 WRD_HP_055 HIAU 1-5 WRD_6267_057 132.33802 W In Host garden 56.48474 N, 8/8/2006 WRD_HP_056 CIAR4 5+ WRD_TL_005 132.38506 W roadside plants behind debris pile as 56.43391 N, road opens up to mine site- 8/9/2006 WRD_HP_057 HILA8 5+ WRD_50061_002 132.35973 W look for flagging. 56.45206 N, east side of S943, along 8/9/2006 WRD_HP_058 HIAU 1000+ n/a 132.37959 W cemetary.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 61

Table F.3 Mitkof High Priority Species

# of Location Date Location ID Species plants Data point Description Comments Could be manually removed- relatively young population, At intersection of FS and contained. GPS roads 6204/6206 on coordinates: 56.76608 N, 7/15/2006 PRD-HP-001 CIAR4 10+ PRD-6204-005 south side of road 132.80221 W on south side of 1 large Scow Bay Loop Rd UTMs 56.78129 N, 132.96892 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-003 POCU6 colony PRD-SR7-026 in ditch. W Several on Mitkof hwy 6.5 Continues on both sides of large miles from start @ highway 50-100 m, associated colonie fire station and with private driveways. UTM 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-004 POCU6 s PRD-SR7-030 across road 56.77198 N, 132.96027 W. on Mitkof hwy 7.0 Just a few plants- all vegetative mi from start, at plot and having a hard time 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-005 TAVU 5 PRD-SR7-032 center flag. competing. At plot. UTM 56.76210 N, Several 132.95634 W. Vulnerable large 7.25 mi on Mitkof location- adjacent to culvert colonie Hwy on both sides and could move down to 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-006 POCU6 s PRD-SR7-033 of road. shoreline. on w side of hwy Several across from house Also across road in driveway large and on E side of and moving west to shoreline- colonie hwy in driveway, aggressive. UTM 56.75064 N, 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-007 POCU6 s PRD_SR7-036 private property. 132.94598 W Utm 56.74961 N, 132.94341 W. Population on both sides of 2 road, extensive. E side smaller colonie on E side of hwy, ~7 m wide, W side ~20 m 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-008 POCU6 s PRD-SR7-037 8.3 mi on SR 7 wide. Utm 56.75857 N, 132.94252 W. Looks like mowing has prevented the population from reproducing- all plants 8.45 miles on SR vegetative. 26-50 plants. 7,W side of road just Occupies a 20 m swath of right 7/24/2006 PRD-HP-009 CIAR4 50 PRD-SR7-038 south of pullout of way at 1% cover. on W side of hwy, S of Papke's 13.9 mi on SR 7 @ Landing. A couple scattered intersection w plants, 56.67874 N, 132.91911 7/25/2006 PRD-HP-010 MEAL 5 PRD-SR7-060 Papke's Landing. W. At sign for Blind UTM 56.63518 N, 132.88371 7/25/2006 PRD-HP-011 MEAL 6+ PRD-SR7-068 River 5 m south W.

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 62

Table F.4 Kupreanof High Priority Species

# of Location Date Location ID Species plants Data point Description Comments Portage Bay- by Extensive population of 500+ FS bunkhouse at plants. Around perimeter of all intersection of roads, possibly more in road with old warehouse vicinity? UTM 7/21/2006 PRD-HP-002 TAVU 500+ PRD-43003-001-002 warehouse 56.98092 N, 132.29606 W 56.95074 N, On the east side of the roadside- 8/15/2006 KAKE_HP_001 POCU6 1 KAKE_FH40_002 132.89650 W very close to road 56.96235 N, 8/16/2006 KAKE_HP_002 POCU6 1 colony KAKE_FH40_008 132.91938 W On the water side of road. 56.96236 N, 8/16/2006 KAKE_HP_003 SEJA 1 KAKE_FH40_008 132.91939 W Colony located behind alders 56.96340 N, Next to "Danger High Voltage" 8/16/2006 KAKE_HP_004 POCU6 1 colony KAKE_FH40_009 133.92135 W gate Next to Waterfront Lodge- this 56.97238 N, patch is between points 13 and 8/16/2006 KAKE_HP_005 POCU6 1 colony KAKE_FH40_014 133.93756 W 14 on the water side. 56.95018 N, Large infestation located near 8/16/2006 KAKE_HP_006 POCU6 ~1-50 KAKE_6040_001 133.89232 W the back of rockpit on site 56.94531 N, south edge of rockpit, beneath 8/16/2006 KAKE_HP_007 MEAL12 20+ KAKE_6040_013 133.83844 W alders both sides of road. Growing also down (off 6314) on forest service decommissoned/abandoned road 6337 ~.1 road with pulled culverts.Not miles. 56.83720 located on a scheduled data 8/19/2006 KAKE_HP_008 CEBI2 ~30-40 N/A N, 133.63178 W point

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 63

Appendix G- Complete List of Roads Surveyed

Table G.1 Total Road Miles

Road System Miles Data Points Ketchikan 72.72 312 Wrangell 122.43 542 Portage Bay 40.2 172 Kake 96.2 421 Mitkof 136.425 579 TOTAL 467.975 2026

Table G.2 Ketchikan Road Miles

Road Miles Data Road # System completed points Date Comments TH Ketchikan 31.5 130 Tongass Highway Complete- Ward Lake Spur WLS Ketchikan 2.17 9 7/13/2006 and Trail WC Ketchikan 2 9 7/21/2006 complete road decommisoned shortly UW Ketchikan 5.5 22 7/21/2006 after this point Deer Mount Rd, Ketchikan Lake Rd, and KPU water DM Ketchikan 3 10 7/18/2006 supply CL Ketchikan 0.6 4 7/18/2006 Connell Lake Rd WR Ketchikan 5.5 22 7/19/2006 White River Rd ER Ketchikan 2.7 11 7/19/2006 East River Rd 2600 Ketchikan 1 5 7/19/2006 complete SL Ketchikan 1.75 8 7/17/2006 Silvis Lake Trail ST Ketchikan 1.25 7 7/18/2006 Salvage Trail LL Ketchikan 2.25 9 7/20/2006 Leask Lake Rd RR Ketchikan 9.05 45 7/10/2006 Revilla Rd BMD Ketchikan 4.45 20 7/13/2006 Brown Mtn Rd Total 72.72 312

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 64

Table G.3 Wrangell Road Miles

Road Miles Data Road # System completed points Date Comments loop that incorporates the town of Town Loop Wrangell 2.75 14 7/24/2006 Wrangell and the airport 943 Wrangell 13.25 50 7/25/2006 state highway 6265 Wrangell 14.75 65 7/28/2006 complete 6267 Wrangell 14 58 8/4/2006 complete 50030 Wrangell 0.5 2 8/8/2006 complete

arbitrarily named for an unnamed Clear Cut Wrangell 1 4 8/8/2006 road off 5943 into a fresh clear cut WRE Wrangell 1.35 6 8/8/2006 Wrangell City Reservoir Road final point at .4 due to active logging on road- road ends at 0.5 50061 Wrangell 0.4 2 8/9/2006 miles 6255 Wrangell 0.5 3 8/9/2006 complete 50034 Wrangell 1.35 6 8/9/2006 complete 50031 Wrangell 0.15 1 8/7/2006 road overgrown 50032 Wrangell 0.25 2 8/7/2006 complete 50033 Wrangell 0.25 1 8/7/2006 complete road overgrown, decommisioned 6260 Wrangell 1 4 8/7/2006 at this point 50009 Wrangell 1 5 8/7/2006 complete

50056, 50056A Wrangell 5.4 24 7/24/2006 complete, includes spur off 50056

6259/6259A Wrangell 6 29 7/26/2006 complete arbitrarily named spurs off of 6259B, C, ME Wrangell 1.85 10 8/8/2006 6259- unnamed on maps 6250 Wrangell 0.35 2 7/26/2006 complete road overgrown after this point 50054 Wrangell 1.85 9 7/27/2006 with alders 50060 Wrangell 4.05 18 7/27/2006 complete complete. 50055A arbitrarily 50055/50055A Wrangell 2.55 12 7/27/2006 named spur rd off 50055 50051 Wrangell 3.2 13 7/27/2006 complete 50052 Wrangell 1.1 5 7/27/2006 complete 50024 Wrangell 1.25 5 8/4/2006 complete 50005 Wrangell 0.1 2 8/4/2006 complete 50022 Wrangell 2.05 9 8/4/2006 complete 50002 Wrangell 1.55 7 8/3/2006 complete 6299 Wrangell 9 37 8/3/2006 complete 50016 Wrangell 0.25 1 8/2/2006 complete 6271 Wrangell 0.55 4 8/2/2006 complete 50000A Wrangell 0.25 1 8/2/2006 complete 6277 Wrangell 1.35 7 8/2/2006 complete 6273 Wrangell 1.35 6 8/2/2006 complete

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 65

Road Miles Data Road # System completed points Date Comments 50040 Wrangell 1.35 7 7/31/2006 complete 50011 Wrangell 0.25 3 7/31/2006 complete 50011A Wrangell 0.08 1 7/31/2006 road overgrown after this point road ended prematurely, 50041 Wrangell 0.15 1 7/31/2006 overgrown 50050 Wrangell 5.85 24 7/31/2006 complete 6275 Wrangell 0.95 5 8/2/2006 complete 6296 Wrangell 1.15 6 8/2/2006 complete 50001 Wrangell 0.5 3 8/2/2006 complete 6276 Wrangell 2.65 12 8/2/2006 complete 6270 Wrangell 9.85 43 8/2/2006 complete 6263 Wrangell 2.95 12 8/4/2006 complete Cemetary Park day use area south CEL Wrangell 0.15 1 8/9/2006 of town Total 122.43 542

Table G.4 Mitkof Road Miles

Road Miles Data Date Road # System completed points Surveyed Comments Complete, began mileage State route 7 Mitkof 37.55 148 7/24-7/26/06 counter from Cabin Creek rd. 6207 Mitkof 2.8 13 7/14/2006 Complete Cabin Creek Road Mitkof 5.5 22 7/13/2006 Complete Started from intersection with Cabin Creek Rd, need to 6204 Mitkof 8.15 39 7/15/2006 continue from data point 25 6205 Mitkof 1.15 6 7/15/2006 Complete road gated, need key… or in 6206 Mitkof 0.1 1 7/15/2006 storage? 40003 Mitkof 0.25 1 7/27/2006 Complete 40004 Mitkof 0.5 2 7/27/2006 Complete 6286 Mitkof 1.5 7 7/27/2006 Complete 6245 Mitkof 6.45 31 7/27/2006 in progress- Woodpecker rd. 5 Mitkof 0.25 1 7/22/2006 complete 6201 Mitkof 0.15 1 8/12/2006 road overgrown after this point 6209 Mitkof 4.55 20 8/3/2006 complete 6210 Mitkof 1 4 8/3/2006 complete 6212 Mitkof 1.025 4 8/3/2006 complete 6217 Mitkof 1.25 5 7/28/2006 complete 6227 Mitkof 2.25 9 8/14/2006 road overgrown after this point 6231 Mitkof 0.75 4 8/14/2006 complete complete, closed after this 6232 Mitkof 2.15 9 8/14/2006 mileage 6235 Mitkof 19.5 80 8/6-8/8/06 complete 6238 Mitkof 0.25 1 8/12/2006 complete 6241 Mitkof 9.25 37 8/12/2006 complete

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 66

Road Miles Data Date Road # System completed points Surveyed Comments 6245 Mitkof 11.5 48 8/11/2006 complete 6246 Mitkof 2.75 13 8/12/2006 complete 6280 Mitkof 1.5 7 8/12/2006 complete 6281 Mitkof 1.25 6 8/12/2006 complete 6282 Mitkof 4.4 18 8/11/2006 complete 6283 Mitkof 0.25 1 8/11/2006 complete 6285 Mitkof 0.25 1 8/11/2006 complete 40000 Mitkof 4.75 20 8/8/2006 complete 40001 Mitkof 0.15 1 8/12/2006 complete 40006 Mitkof 0.15 6 8/12/2006 complete 40007 Mitkof 0.9 4 8/14/2006 complete 40008 Mitkof 1 4 8/14/2006 complete 40227 Mitkof 1.25 5 8/14/2006 complete Total 136.425 579

Kupreanof Road Miles

Portage Bay Table G.5 Portage Bay Road Miles

Miles Data Road # Road System completed points Comments Complete. Roads ends prematurely, 6317 Portage Bay 6.75 29 overgrown with alders. 43001 Portage Bay 0.75 3 Complete. 6372 Portage Bay 0.85 4 Complete. 6371 Portage Bay 0.75 4 complete. 6316 Portage Bay 1.5 6 complete 43010 Portage Bay 0.25 1 complete 43003 Portage Bay 0.5 3 complete 45603 Portage Bay 0.5 2 complete 6032 Portage Bay 3.85 16 complete 6031 Portage Bay 10 42 complete 6323 Portage Bay 2.75 10 ends prematurely- overgrown 6324 Portage Bay 0.5 2 ends prematurely- overgrown 5 Portage Bay 0.25 2 Complete- road to landing 6032 Portage Bay 0.25 1 Road deemed unsafe. Mainline road on Portage Bay, road 6319 Portage Bay 10.75 47 count began from end of road. Portage Bay Total 40.2 172

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 67

Kake Table G.6 Portage Bay Road Miles

Road Miles Data Road # System completed points Comments 6328 Kake 13 52 complete 6329 Kake 0.25 1 complete 6331 Kake 0.05 1 road overgrown after this point 6333 Kake 1.4 6 complete 6334 Kake 2.1 9 complete 6336 Kake 2.2 9 complete 6366 Kake 1.25 6 complete road closed due to blow down 6367 Kake 0.5 3 after this point 6337 Kake 0.25 1 road decommissioned 6339 Kake 1.7 7 complete 45001 Kake 0.8 4 complete 45002 Kake 0.7 3 road decommissioned 45601/45601A Kake 4.65 20 complete 45805 Kake 0.35 2 complete 45806 Kake 0.35 2 road decommissioned 45807 Kake 0.2 1 road decommissioned 45803 Kake 1.5 6 road decommissioned 45808 Kake 2.85 13 road decommissioned FH40 Kake 3.2 19 state highway, complete Kake Boat Lake Recreation Area, recreation Goose Lake Trailhead, Hamilton sites Kake 0.5 3 Creek trailhead 6000 Kake 1 5 complete 6030 Kake 13.25 55 complete 6040 Kake 17.25 71 complete 6041 Kake 0.25 1 complete 6308 Kake 1.75 8 complete 6312 Kake 0.8 5 complete 6314 Kake 6.4 31 complete 63145 Kake 8.85 37 complete 6326 Kake 8.1 35 complete 6327 Kake 0.75 5 complete Kake Total 96.2 421

Non-native Plant Species Inventory of Southeast Alaska, 2006 68