Weblinks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud For an in depth understanding of psychodynamic therapy and its evolution over time and theorists see: http://www.sagepub.in/upm-data/34066_01_Jacobs_CH_01.pdf For a glossary of Freudian terminology see: http://www.terrapsych.com/freud.html or http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/psychoanalysis/psychterms.html
References
Frager, R. & Fadiman, J. (2005). Personality and Personal Growth (6th Ed.). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley. Hall, C. S. (1954). A Primer of Freudian Psychology. NY: Mentor Erwin, E. (Ed.). (2001). The Freud Encyclopedia: Theory, Therapy and Culture. NY: Routledge. McAdams, D. P. (1990). The Person: An Integrated Introduction to Personality Psychology (3rd Ed.). NY: Harcourt Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (1996). Perspectives on Personality (3rd Ed.). London: Allyn and Bacon. Marx, M. H. (). Systems of Psychology. Leahy. T. H. (2004). A History of Psychology; Main Currents in Psychological Thought (6th Ed.). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley. Gay, P. (1988). Freud, A Life for Our Time. NY: Norton.
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
Photo gallery
Group photo in front of Clark University: Front row: Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Carl Jung; Back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi. Photo taken for Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts publication.
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Hall_Freud_Jung_in_front_of_Clark _1909.jpg
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Sigmund Freud with psychoanalytic colleagues in 1922 : Ernest Jones, Sandor Ferenczi, Otto Rank, Max Eitingon, Karl Abrahamn et Hanns Sachs.
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/image/4963522-3x4-700x933.jpg PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
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Freud and his daughter Anna Freud
Source: http://r.ddmcdn.com/w_622/u_0/gif/famous-psychologists-pictures-6.jpg Biographical Sketch
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Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961): Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. Jung proposed and developed the concepts of extraversion and introversion; archetypes, and the collective unconscious. He worked with Freud for about five years before striking out on his own to create an alternative set of theories about dreams and the unconscious. While many of Freud's theories perpetuated that sex was at the core of all dreams, Jung said it was the fear of death that influenced dreams. Jung believed that humans could interpret their dreams to help them understand and change their lives.
Source: http://r.ddmcdn.com/w_622/u_0/gif/famous-psychologists-pictures-2.jpg
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
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Alfred Adler (1870-1937): Originator of “individual psychology”, Adler developed the thesis that birth order affects personality and development. Based on his own experiences in childhood, the majority of which he spent in and out of sickrooms, he determined that every person has some kind of weakness (or inferiority) that he or she must overcome by acting productively within society.
Source: http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/ewaters/345/2007_adler/adler.jpg http://r.ddmcdn.com/w_622/u_0/gif/famous-psychologists
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Karen Horney (1885-1952): German psychoanalyst who critiqued Freud’s conceptualization of the female psyche and developed the Psychoanalytic Social Theory. She gave importance to childhood experiences and how they help shape personality.
Source:http://karenhorney123.wikispaces.com/file/view/horney3.jpg/294281466/horney3.jpg
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Erich Seligmann Fromm (1900-1980): German psychoanalyst. Fromm witnessed World War I as a teenage boy, and he worked in his professional career to make sense of mass hysteria and destructive behavior. He theorized about freedom, biological and sociological determinism (the lives imposed on organisms by nature and their societies), and ways that humans deal with responsibility. Fromm ultimately believed that society could be healthy, balanced and peaceful.
Source: http://r.ddmcdn.com/w_622/u_0/gif/famous-psychologists-pictures-7.jpg
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
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Herbert (Harry) Stack Sullivan (1892-1949): An exponent of interpersonal psychoanalysis, Sullivan placed much importance on the influence of social and interpersonal relations in the study of human personality.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/2.jpg
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Erik Erikson (1902-1994): He developed the psychosocial theory of development and proposed eight successive stages of development that spans the lifetime of an individual. At each stage a specific psychosocial struggle contributes to the formation of personality.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Erik%20Erikson.jpg
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Anna Freud (1895-1982): Austrian psychoanalyst and daughter of Sigmund Freud, she expanded her father’s work on the ego defence mechanisms and is considered to be the most important exponent of ego psychology. She is also considered a pioneer in child psychoanalysis.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Anna%20freud.jpg
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
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Heinz Hartmann (1894-1970): Austrian psychoanalyst and great exponent of ego psychology.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/1.jpg
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Melanie Klein (1882-1960): Austrian-British psychoanalyst best known for her work in the object-relations theory and in child psychoanalysis. Klein devised play therapy as an alternative to Freud's free association, which did not apply to young children.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Klein(1).jpg
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Margaret Mahler (1897-1986): Hungarian psychoanalyst and a proponent of object-relations theory, Mahler worked on the concept of psychological birth.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Malher.jpg
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
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Heinz Kohut (1913-1981): Austrian psychoanalyst, doctor and neurologist. He developed “self psychology”, dwelling on the process of development of individual identity in a person. He held that relationship with the mother has a major role to play in this.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Heinz%20Kohut.jpg
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Sandor Ferenczi (1873-1933): pioneer in psycholoanalysis in Hungary.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Ferenczi.jpg
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John Bowlby (1907-1990): British psychoanalyst famous for the development of the attachment theory which focuses on the mother-child bond.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/John%20Bowlby.jpg
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
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Jacques Lacan (1901-1981): French philosopher, psychiatrist and a an influential psychoanalyst.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Lacan.jpg
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Donald Winnicott (1896-1971): English psychoanalyst and an exponent of the object- relations theory.
Source: http://www.dialogopsicologia.it/files/Winnicott.jpg
Glossary
A Analytical Psychology: Carl Jung’s theory of personality. Anima: the unconscious archetype of feminity in men Animus: the unconscious archetype of masculinity in women. Anxiety: an aversive feeling warning the ego that something bad is about to happen. Archetype: aspects of the world that people have an inherited tendency to notice or perceive.
C Collective Unconscious: memories that the entire human race share. Conservation of energy: the idea in the libidinal theory that a system runs on a fixed amount of energy that cannot be created or destroyed.
D Defense Mechanism: a strategy of the ego that distorts reality to hide threats from yourself and thereby reduce anxiety.
E Ego Psychology: the neoanalytic theories that give ego functions central importance and emphasize the adaptive and integrating power of the ego over and against the id and the superego. PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain
F Free Association: it is a therapeutic method in psychoanalysis in which the patient says without hesitation whatever thought occurs in the mind.
H Hysteria: a form of psychopathology in which a person suffers from bodily symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, which has no physical or biological cause.
O Object Relations: an individual’s symbolized relations to other persons.
S Shadow: the unconscious archetype representing a variety of socially unacceptable desires and impulses. Social Interest: the need to live in harmony with others.
PSYCHOLOGY Paper No 5: Personality Theories Module No 7: Introduction to the Psychodynamic Domain