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THEORIES of PERSONALITY - I THEORIES of PERSONALITY - I Anjelika Şimşek Plural theories of personality rather than the science of personality. What is Theory? and What is Personality? Relationships Among Personality Theories and Theorists FIRST FORCE SECOND FORCE THIRD FORCE FIRST FORCE Psychoanalysis PSYCHOANALYSIS SIGMUND FREUD Sigmund Freud Born May 6, 1856, Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire [now Příbor, Czech Republic] Sigmund Freud lived for 47 years at Berggasse 19 in Vienna's 9th district, from 1891 to 1938. Jacob Freud – Sigmund Freud Amalia Freud – Sigmund Freud Freud and his siblings Martha Freud – Sigmund Freud Lesson on Hysteria by Jean Martin Charcot Dr. Joseph Breuer Anna O. – Bertha Pappenheim Dora – Ida Bauer Wolf Man – Sergei Pankeef Little Hans - Herbert Graf Wednesday Psychological Society (1902) Sigmund Freud, Wilhelm Stekel, Alfred Adler, Max Kahane, and Rudolph Reitler, Vienna Psychoanalytical Society (1908) Sigmund Freud Victor Tausk Alfred Adler Hanns Sachs Wilhelm Reich Ludwig Binswanger Otto Rank Carl Alfred Meier Karl Abraham Sabina Spielrein Carl Jung Margarete Hilferding Sándor Ferenczi Paul Schilder Guido Holzknecht Isidor Isaak Sadger Coach Died September 23, 1939, London, England. Topographical Model of Psyche Structural Model of Psyche Main Terms of Theory • Unconscious – Ms. Emmy Case (1895). • Freud proposed the existence of a dynamic unconscious, containing ideas that have been repressed, and which the mind actively struggles to keep at bay. • Freud discovered the return of these ideas in disguised • forms such as slips of the tongue, little mistakes, the words we find ourselves using, and dreams. • We think we are in control of our lives, but in Freud’s view, it’s the unconscious that controls us! Main Terms of Theory • The İd, Ego and Superego For Freud, the mind is in a constant state of conflict with itself. In his most famous account, he divided the mind into three parts: the id, the ego and the superego. The id is the realm of appetites, wants and passions that do not take ‘no’ for an answer. The superego is connected to morality and social norms, built out of identifications with one’s parents, and can be extremely cruel. The ego faces the task of finding a balance between the demands of the id and the superego. That’s why the ego is the seat of the ‘defence mechanisms’ – there are so many dangers to avoid! Defense Mechanisms • Defense Mechanisms: A defense mechanism is an unconscious psychological mechanism that reduces anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli. • Repression - queen of defenses • Denial • Projection • Displacement • Rationalization Anna Freud – Defense Mechanisms • Repression, • Regression, • İsolation, • Undoing, • Reaction Formation, • Projection, • Turning Against The Self, • Reversal, • Sublimation • Identification with the aggressor Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development • Frustration • Fixation • Erogenous Zones 1. The Oral Stage (0-1) 2. The Anal Stage (1-3) 3. The Phallic Stage (3-6) 4. Latency Period (6-12) 5. The Genital Stage (12+) The Oedipus Complex Freud uncovered complex emotional attitudes towards parents and siblings in his patients, leading him to view childhood as a time of intense feelings of love, hatred, envy and fear, culminating in a crisis that he called the ‘Oedipus complex’. The crisis may be resolved through repression, but is never extinguished: it lays down the template for how we relate to others throughout our lives. The Oedipus.
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