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90004637.Pdf Kobe University Repository : Kernel First Record of the Mycoheterotrophic Plant Sciaphila corniculata from タイトル Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with Updated Description of its Title Morphology, in particular on Stylar Characteristics 著者 Suetsugu, Kenji / Sugimoto, Takaomi Author(s) 掲載誌・巻号・ページ Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica,69(1):63-67 Citation 刊行日 2018-03-02 Issue date 資源タイプ Journal Article / 学術雑誌論文 Resource Type 版区分 author Resource Version 権利 Copyright ©2018 Japanese Society for Plant Systematics. All Rights Rights Reserved. DOI 10.18942/apg.201716 JaLCDOI URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/90004637 PDF issue: 2021-10-05 1 Corresponding author: 2 Kenji Suetsugu 3 Mailing address: Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 4 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. 5 Phone number: +81-75-753-6853 6 Fax number: +81-75-753-6722 7 Email: [email protected] 8 Title: First record of the mycoheterotrophic plant Sciaphila corniculata (Triuridaceae) 9 from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with updated description of its morphology, 10 in particular on stylar characteristics 11 12 Number of table 0 and figure 2 13 Running title: Suetsugu & Sugimoto | Sciaphila corniculata, new to Japan. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 1 2 Short Communication 3 4 First Record of the Mycoheterotrophic Plant Sciaphila corniculata (Triuridaceae) 5 from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with updated description of its 6 morphology, in particular on stylar characteristics 7 8 KENJI SUETSUGU1,* and TAKAOMI SUGIMOTO2 9 10 1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, 11 Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. *[email protected] (author for 12 correspondence); 2Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and 13 Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 14 812-8581, Japan 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 1 We report three new localities of the mycoheterotrophic plant Sciaphila corniculata 2 (Triuridaceae) from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Previously, S. corniculata 3 was reported only from Kolombangara Island (Solomon Islands), Waigeo Island (New 4 Guinea) and Obi and Aru islands (the Moluccas). We also update a description of its 5 morphology, in particular on stylar characteristics based on new materials. A key to the 6 Japanese species of Sciaphila based on total flower and stylar characteristics is also 7 provided for easy identification of these rare mycoheterotrophic plants. 8 9 Key words: Distribution, mycoheterotrophy, Sciaphila, taxonomy, Triuridaceae 10 11 The Triuridaceae comprise fully mycoheterotrophic plants that mainly grow in deep shade 12 understory in ever-wet forests in the tropics and subtropics worldwide, reaching their 13 northernmost limits in temperate regions of Japan (van de Meerendonk 1984). The 14 mycoheterotrophic Sciaphila Blume consists of ca. 40 species and is the largest genus in 15 the family (van de Meerendonk 1984). 16 In taxonomic studies of Sciaphila (van de Meerendonk 1984, Hsieh et al. 2003, 17 Chantanaorrapint & Thaithong 2004, Averyanov 2007, Ohashi et al. 2008, Xu et al. 2011, 18 Tsukaya & Okada 2013, Tsukaya & Suetsugu 2014, Suetsugu et al. 2016a, Suetsugu & 19 Nishioka 2017), the following floral traits have been used as key characters for species 20 discrimination: bisexual or unisexual flowers, number and shape of the stamens and 21 perianth segments, shape of the apical perianth segments, and shape and length of the 22 styles. As with most mycoheterotrophs, the plants are small, up to 40 cm tall, recognizable 23 only during the reproductive season and usually occur in small populations. Consequently, 24 they have scarcely been collected and their morphological traits rarely described in detail. 25 In addition, key characteristics of the staminate flowers, which are crucial for precise 3 1 identification, have not been documented in some species, particularly in individuals too 2 young at the time of collection or because staminate flowers are often limited (Tsukaya 3 & Okada 2013, Tsukaya & Suetsugu 2014). Given the difficulty of precise identification, 4 the taxonomy of Sciaphila remains to be revised. 5 Japan is known for its great diversity of Sciaphila, harboring seven species 6 (Suetsugu et al. 2016a, Suetsugu & Nishioka 2017). In fact, the flora of Japan is 7 particularly rich in mycoheterotrophic plants, harboring ca. 50 species. Recent botanical 8 surveys of mycoheterotrophic plants in Japan have resulted in the discovery of several 9 new distributional records and new taxa (Ohashi et al. 2008, Yagame et al. 2008, Yahara 10 & Tsukaya 2008, Suetsugu 2012a, b, 2013, 2014, 2015a, b, 2016a, b, c, d, 2017, Suetsugu 11 & Ishida 2011, Suetsugu et al. 2012, 2013, 2014b, 2016a, b, Suetsugu & Yagame 2014, 12 Suetsugu & Fukunaga 2016). Of particular interest are the lowland forests of the Ryukyu 13 Islands, which are known to be a hotspot for endemic mycoheterotrophic taxa such as 14 Sciaphila yakushimensis Suetsugu, Tsukaya & H. Ohashi, Gastrodia takeshimensis 15 Suetsugu and Gastrodia flexistyloides Suetsugu. 16 A detailed botanical survey of the Ryukyu Islands would likely provide more 17 precise data regarding the diversity and distribution of mycoheterotrophs. As anticipated, 18 during a recent botanical survey, we collected unknown plants of Sciaphila in lowland 19 evergreen forests on Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands. After a detailed morphological 20 investigation, we determined them to be Sciaphila corniculata Becc. (Fig. l). Here we 21 report the first occurrence of that species in Japan. We also provide a description based 22 on the plants from Ishigaki Island, because there are a few minor differences between 23 previous descriptions and the plants on Ishigaki Island. 24 25 Sciaphila corniculata Becc., Malesia 3: 336. (1890) — Figs. 1–2. 4 1 2 Specimen examined: JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki City, Nosoko, alt 3 ca. 10 m, 18 October 2015, T. Sugimoto s.n. (KYO); JAPAN. Ryukyu. Okinawa Pref., 4 Ishigaki City, Nosoko, alt ca. 20 m, 15 October 2016, T. Sugimoto s.n. (KYO); JAPAN. 5 Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki City, Miyara, alt. ca. 80 m, 21 October 2016, T. Sugimoto s.n. 6 (OSA); JAPAN. Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki City, Nosoko, alt ca. 10 m, 30 September 2016, 7 T. Nishioka s.n. (OSA); JAPAN. Okinawa Pref., Ishigaki City, Ibaruma, alt ca. 170 m, 30 8 September 2016, T. Nishioka s.n. (OSA). 9 10 Herbs, monoecious, mycoheterotrophic, perennial, erect, carmine or scarlet, non- 11 branched; underground parts white. Roots filiform, with few hairs. Inflorescences 12 glabrous, 1.5–6 cm tall, ca. 0.8 mm thick. Scale leaves acute, ca. 1.5 mm long. 13 Inflorescences racemose, rachis ca. 0.5–2 cm long, densely 3–11 flowered, staminate 14 flowers distal. Pedicels ca. 0.7–1.5 mm long, straight, shorter than flower, divergent at 15 60–90°; bracts linear, acute, ca. 1 mm long, appressed to the pedicel. Staminate flowers 16 1.6–1.8 mm across, perianth segments 6, opening flat, equal in size, connate at base, 17 segments ovate to triangular, glabrous, apex acute, long-bearded. Stamens 3, without 18 filaments. Anthers 4-lobed. Carpellate flowers: 1.8–2.1 mm across; perianth segments 6, 19 equal in size, connate at base, segments ovate to triangular, glabrous, apex obtuse or acute, 20 without particular structures. Carpels numerous, ellipsoidal, ca. 0.2–0.3 mm long, apex 21 rounded; style and stigma clavate with dense cylindrical papillae or rarely subulate with 22 inconspicuous cylindrical papillae, laterally inserted at base of ovary; free portion of style 23 and stigma ca. 0.6–0.7 mm long. 24 25 Taxonomic note: The staminate flowers of Sciaphila on Ishigaki Island bear 5 1 unisexual flowers with six equal-sized perianth segments, indicating that they belong to 2 Sciaphila sect. Oliganthera subsect. Quadrilobatae (van de Meerendonk 1984). 3 Subsection Quadrilobatae contains several species, including S. corniculata Beccari, S. 4 secundiflora Thwaites ex Bentham, S. stellata Aver., S. thaidanica K. Larsen and S. alba 5 Tsukaya and Suetsugu. However, our material differs from S. secundiflora, S. stellata, S. 6 thaidanica and S. alba in having a long beard at the apex of all 6 staminate perianth 7 segments. The characteristics of the plants on Ishigaki Island closely match the 8 description of S. corniculata (van de Meerendonk 1984). Based on morphological 9 similarities of the other floral organs, we determined our material to be S. corniculata. 10 Despite the similarities, there are a few minor differences between the plants on 11 Ishigaki Island and previous descriptions and illustrations of S. corniculata. For example, 12 S. corniculata was often described as having a subulate style, with a glabrous apex 13 (Schlechter 1912, van de Meerendonk 1984). In contrast, plants in the Ishigaki population 14 always have a clavate style with dense, cylindrical papillae (Fig. 1A). Our observations 15 of the Ishigaki plants revealed that the style tends to shrink from the apex during the late 16 flowering stage and appears to be subulate (Fig. 1B). Clavate styles with dense cylindrical 17 papillae were noticed in some plant of S. corniculata on Waigeo Island (New Guinea; H. 18 Tsukaya, personal communication). We consider the differences to most likely represent 19 intraspecific variation, mainly due to floral conditions. 20 21 Distribution and phenology: Sciaphila corniculata has been reported only from 22 Kolombangara Island (Solomon Islands), Waigeo Island (New Guinea) and Obi and Aru 23 islands (the Moluccas); the Japanese populations represent the northernmost occurrence 24 of the species. 25 The S. corniculata populations in Japan appear to be restricted to three locations 6 1 separated by at least 1 kilometers on central Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. They 2 occur at approximately 10–170 m elevation within a humid evergreen broadleaved forest 3 dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus.
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