endowed with internationally recognized sovereign state aPalestinian to reach self-government, of riod pe acertain after was, (PA). idea The Authority ian tion creating was of signed, the Principles Palestin Declara famous 1993 the tember Washington, in Sep in Two Madrid, after initiative. the years take to Bush Georges under US the War prompted Gulf the after region entire the and countries ducing oil-pro for risk War, destabilization Cold the the of end the of context the In Israel. and countries Arab the between 1991 the Conference since Madrid negotiations on the future political of Palestine have dominated problems of sets Two successive ofsibility such coexistence. pos the on hypotheses tested of change the tor of indica agood 1993 as Washington, in September in accords self-government first the of signature the since process peace Oslo to the amounts practice in which 25 years, past the approximately of period 2017, in taken to asnapshot the consider we shall ourselves to not limit as So term. short political the within to fall seem not does comprehension whose aproblem remains This parties. to both ceptable ac terms into political translated being in ceeding tined to ground gained has reconcile without suc des seems nothing that populations two of ence 1967. of war the to mention coexist the of idea The not Plan, 1947 to the Agreement Partition Picot UN 1917 the from Palestine, in events Sykes- historical torical recollection and commemorations of recent his for 2017 year The opportunities of lack no has et Musulman(IREMAM), Aix-en-Provence Institut deRecherches etd’ÉtudessurleMonde Arabe French NationalCenterforScientificResearch (CNRS) Emeritus DirectorofResearch, Botiveau Bernard Palestine after Oslo: Time Politics as Revisited Conflict Arab-Israeli The

------Palestine is analyzed as a negotiation strategy pro strategy anegotiation as analyzed is Palestine with relations to bilateral themselves to limit tions administra Israeli successive the of demand stant con the Then, West Bank. the in settlements Israeli of expansion regular the was symptom first whose process, Oslo the of decline the of cumstances cir the discuss article this of sections two first The Israelis. of Palestinian status the to devalue liable separation, ethnic of ject apro of fear to the led which Palestine, of State the of nature Palestinian the and Israel of State the of nature Jewish the on W. insisted moreover, G. Bush have sovereignty over In his borders. statements, would Israel only where area ageographic in states separate completely two on insisting were they reality, In Gaza. from withdrawal unilateral 2005 by the confirmed was which to dialogue, end an put had government, Israeli the of head Sharon, el Ari that showed camp, refugee Jenin the in pecially 2012, April in Shield es Defensive Operation rael’s Is of brutality the mark: its left had Intifada The late. too was it agenda, negotiation the on were issues these though case, any In to return. refugees tinian Pales of right the all, above and Jerusalem borders, of issues crucial the of discussion off put had which Accords, Oslo the of shortcomings the dressed 2007 ad November in Conference Annapolis the W. at Bush by George advocated solution two-state the ambitious, Less solution.” a“two-state of ing speak began Negotiators negotiation. of terms the modified failure first this of acknowledgement The 2006. January Palestinian factions after Hamas’ electoral victory in 2007, of later, summer and the in to between 2005, in Palestine during the Intifada from Second 2000 by Bill Clinton, a of triggered series confrontations organized summit II David Camp at the 2000 July in confirmed plan, peace initial this of failure ty. The ------

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 17 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 18 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys ble separation today. equita an out to carry impossible seems it that cial od its implementation, suggests that peri the political of difficulty the despite societies, two the between inclusion of approach an in interest Renewed book). Year the of section this in article Rouhanna’s (cf. N. Israelis? of those from dissociated be Palestinians of rights the that conceivable it is situation, colonial anachronic an In today? avoided be Palestinians of condition the of issue the can regimes, authoritarian sociated neighbouring with harsh the increasingly international of balance power and as risks regional Beyondritories. the legitimate of consideration the Ter Palestinian the of tooccupation the due world bi’ ( normalization this as insofar reality, in certain, less is Nothing itself. conflict the settle help could countries, such Arab League-Israelnormalization League Arab with relations normalize help would conflict the Palestinian that settling considering of instead priorities: previous the by inverting tion contribu Arab to is seek Yearbook) the of section this in (cf. article Yossi the Alpher Israel in proposed idea One Yearbook. the of section “Keys” year’s to this contributions of majority the in discussed topic the is situation?This this of away out there Is and international regional the both on events, these from ginalized national Haven’t objectives. mar been Palestinians focused essentially but on remained independence to aspirations Palestinian of aware were revolts ing themselves marginalized from them: the neighbour evenfound They havecontrol. no they over which borders behind locked being to their due participate not could but movements these on riveted eyes its had population Palestinian The Egypt. and Syria in by the Arab uprisings against authoritarian regimes affected been also has negotiations of course The 1978 in Israel 1979 and entailed. had and Egypt between agreements separate the that trust of bilateral approaches, recalling the divisions mis 1991, in their stated Madrid delegations Arab In approach. amultilateral from benefit they as port, versely, the have Palestinians sought foreign sup Con advantages. medium-term and short viding 1 over 400,000 (in 2016). (in Cf. 400,000 over Over the course of 23 years, he stated, the number of settlers in the Occupied Palestinian Territories had gone from 110,000 1993)to (in from gone had Territories Palestinian Occupied the in settlers of number the stated, he years, 23 of course the Over ) has always been broadly rejected in the Arab Arab the in rejected broadly been always ) has of negotiation and compromise remains so cru so remains compromise and negotiation of

levels? www.un.org/apps/newsFr/storyF.asp?NewsID=38663#.WXsWhelpzIV tat ------from the signature of the Protocol Concerning the the Concerning Protocol the of signature the from Apart times. several deferred was process the ed, implement to be began they after day to the years five 1999, exactly 5May on is, state that estinian these accords envisaged the proclamation of a Pal- Whereas Accords. Oslo the in established ernment self-gov of Palestinian theapplication obstructing process, peace the to pursuing hostile openly tion administra aright-wing with along Netanyahu min Benja of leadership 1996 the in event this brought following elections 1995. Israeli The 5 November on Rabin Yitzhak of assassination the PLO, was the of part and Yasser of Arafat Palestine in arrival by the 1994 of summer the in inaugurated process peace the of development the in irremediable, doubtedly un fracture, first The timeline. its has societies, raeli Is and Palestinian threatens which situation, This population deprived of its rights. fundamental occupied an of one remains which problem, litical sue, but of course without resolving the central po is the eliminate would which annexation, of proach ap radical the is there then And compensation. by accompanied it, distributing require would land often consider that ending this illegal occupation of tlements are irreversible. The opponents themselves humanitarian NGOs, it can be stated that Israeli set as such it, against or parties, right-wing extreme as the acceleration of the settlement movement, such negotiations. crippling element an as activity settlement to Israeli pointing and process, Oslo the of 23 years over the quadrupled had settlers of number the that plorable de it finding thing, same the said basically moon 2016, 16 on Ki- December Council Ban Security UN the of Secretary-General as East Middle the on 1967. since speech occupied last his In territories the of settlement of pursuit uninterrupted Israel’s two-state solution was “in serious jeopardy” due to speech considered his political testament, that the late2016 in said a in Washington, in Administration, Trump the of advent the before negotiator American last the Kerry, John failed. has Process Oslo the that is actors all today by nearly shared assessment An Process Oslo the of Deterioration Slow The Cycle: aPolitical of End 1 In Israel, whether they are in favour of of favour in are they whether Israel, In

------leaders, headedleaders, by the last elected President of the thedermined negotiation of Palestinian capacity un has period entire this during elections of sence at mediation by various Arab countries. The ab attempts numerous despite government unity tional ana to form failures successive the 2007of and as Strip Gaza the and West Bank the between sion scis political the PA to the being likely detrimental most examples the of one process, peace the of deterioration this have confirmed years ten past The Conference. Donors’ Paris the and Conference Annapolis 2007 in at the defined further tration, Adminis Bush by the 2003 in imposed roadmap the measures: binding less or more through toso speak, drip,” intravenous an on process negotiation the “put allies their and States United the years, following the In Strip. Gaza the of takeover 2007 by in its lowed fol 2006 in Hamas of victory electoral the barrier, separation new the of construction of onset the with co-ordination in 2005 in Strip Gaza the from Israel of withdrawal 2004, in Yasser of Arafat death 2002, in Ramallah in Authority Palestinian the of siege events: decisive of by anumber punctuated cess apro time, that of as to unravel began framework Oslo The Intifada. Second the –triggered unit tary tember 2000, accompanied by an impressive mili Sep in Jerusalem in Mosques the of Esplanade the to visit his –in Sharon by General exploited failures Taba in diplomatic of one the 2001. in Asuccession by followed Minister, Prime Israeli then Barak, Ehud and Yasser of Arafat presence the with Clinton, by Bill 2000 July in David Camp in convened mit sum chance” “last the of failure the confirmed which to halt, came practically process peace Oslo The failed has Process all actorsnearly isthat the Oslo today shared assessment An by Wye Plantation 1998, the of date the made no until territorial 28 concessions October 1997,January the first Netanyahu Administration 15 on Hebron in Army] [of Israeli the Redeployment the proclamation of the State. the of proclamation the interim period of five years established to prepare the of half is, that 29 months, exactly for i.e., ment,

mining agree mining ------of in Negotiations in Multilateralism of Failure initiatives. diplomatic repeated despite Process Oslo the of stagnation 2014, of the summer the in then confirmed they 2008-2009, in Gaza against Army Israeli by the launched wars the Regarding Abbas. Mahmud PA, engagement. The UN, the European Union, the US US the Union, European the UN, The engagement. international strong for called which models, tion” constitutional prerequisites of “democratic transi state-building the lowing fol state aPalestinian institute to eventually was aim the At first, years. over the have shifted achieved to be 1994, objectives the Since approach. tilateral terim arrangements signed in 1993 employed a mul- in the negotiations, Oslo the of part secret the from Apart to meet. adversaries the urged thus actors State risks. to these attention War, drawn had which Gulf the after region East Middle the in agement man risk of internationalization the of context the in understood be can approach negotiation Oslo The “parties.” two the between the structural asymmetry characterizing interactions gument, legitimate in principle, highlighted further ar security the on insistence The exchange. peace” for “land the of terms to the security of a guarantee by adding strategy negotiation its toughened Israel 1996, in Party Likud the of victory the With open. remained to negotiation door the event, any In try. asymme of afew cases but to mention currency, li Israe of use universal the and Palestinians of status roads inside the Territories, a monopoly on the civil all on checkpoints Territories, the of borders ternal ex over the sovereignty unshared example: for site, powercision-making in applyingthe agreements on de the and initiative the retaining Israel with wished, they than more much to compromise had they and War Gulf First the during regime Hussein Saddam the with allegiance by their weakened were ians Palestin the However, time, at the Israel. and Egypt 1979 between the treaty surrounding peace one the as great as asolemnity with community” ternational terim agreements signed in 1993 engaged the “in in The Process. Oslo the of start the from involved This brief chronological overview suggests the risks

Palestine and Disengagement and Disengagement Palestine International Actors Actors International

model, and abiding by the by the abiding and model, ------

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 19 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 20 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys quest forquest recognition from the and UN UNESCO. a as years five past over the emerged creasingly stantly sought in whichhas international support, have con Palestinians the why and States, United the in attention media of deal agreat given even if counterpart, Palestinian their with negotiation rect di preferred have always administrations Israeli why 2 to seeking also latter the W. G. Bush, President US Ariel Sharon. This decision was approved by former Minister by Prime advocated 2005, August in Gaza in settlements Israeli of evacuation the during climax a reached approach amultilateral of rejection Israeli Accords had granted been by the Oslo sovereigntyreal over the territory it institution of self-government lacking relations betweenastate and an characterizingasymmetry the tantamount to denying the and PalestiniansIsraelis was onSitting the fence with to regard Accords. Oslo by the granted been had it territory over the ty institution of self-government sovereign real lacking an and a state between relations the characterizing asymmetry the to denying tantamount was estinians Pal and to Israelis regard with fence the on Sitting 2007. in ference Con Annapolis at the endorsed was it until ground gained approach The Israel. of state the also but State Palestinian the for only not security anteeing imposing the two-state-solution, supposedly guar US the with process, the ended practically tifada In Second the 2000, of As funding. and goals able suit with aproject supervised NGOs influential and 5 4 3 and the UN. Its special envoy was Tony Blair. Tony Blair. was envoy special Its UN. the and presidentrsquos-speech-cairo-a-new-beginning Bank. West the of 62% representing C,” “Zone over administration ereign The Quartet on the Middle East was established in 2002, in the middle of the Intifada. It consists of the USA, Russia, the European Union Union European the Russia, USA, the of consists It Intifada. the of middle the in 2002, in established was East Middle the on Quartet The 2009: 4June on University Cairo at delivered “A Beginning,” New speech, his Cf. Haaretz newspaper, daily the in Rapoport Meron journalist by Cited PA sov the allowed only II, Oslo as known commonly 1995, September 28 of Strip Gaza the and Bank West the on Agreement Interim The 2 This radical difference of status explains explains status of difference radical This ------(Rapoport, 2005) 2005) (Rapoport, they were conducted properly. to ensure to finish start from supervised ertheless the legislative elections, elections that it had nev in Hamas of victory PA the the after against ures meas retaliatory to institute evendecided it 2006, situation for the Palestinian people is intolerable,” “the that and “unbreakable,” was Israel with bond US the that 2009 in recalled latter The Obama. PresidentsAmerican W. G. Bush then Barack cilitated by the disengagement advocated by fa 2002). attitude An (Ezzi, forth put was proposal inparticipating the League Arab Summit where the preventingthis announcement, Yasser Arafat from evenanticipated had latter The Sharon. by Ariel pre-1967 borders (Fahd Plan) was quickly rejected to withdrawal their for exchange in to Israel tries coun League Arab by the made peace global for proposal the Beirut, in 2002 March In world. Arab the with relations affected directly also conflict the at internationalizing attempt any of rejection The tinians.” Pales the with process apolitical be not will there so necessary is that formaldehyde of amount the the refugees […]. The disengagement […] supplies on adiscussion you prevent and state, Palestinian that you process, prevent the establishment of a you freeze when And process. peace the of freezing “The significance of the disengagement plan is the Sharon’s senior went advisers, as far as to declare: of One West Bank. the on concentrate and Intifada, forwhom they responsible the considered Second disappear, leadership Palestinian the to see ed want leaders Both East. Middle the from disengage lished for Palestine, lished estab Quartet the of member institution, lective a col as Union European the field, the in trariness arbi Israeli against voices their to raise attempted of althoughsome them have countries, European as Insofar Palestinians. the and Israelis the tween be fro to and shuttling ceaseless of over ayear 2014 towel” in the in to “throw having Kerry, after John to date, last the envoys, sent simply he but https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/06/04/ 3 5 has hardly intervened. In In intervened. hardly has 4 ------

this sovereign state to develop well bilateral as negotiation to allow of international as mediation inability solution” whose terms the reflect Palestinian State to a“two-state global conception of asovereign 1993,Since we have gone from the Hamas. Palestine’s of members 2011 of early in Prison assistance troun the with Wadi Na from escaped having of court in cused even ac was who Morsi, Mohamed President ed Tahrir Square – after the deposed military the elect of demonstrators the of by some relayed being of point –to the grew that Amistrust Rafah. via Egypt into Palestinians of entry the on imposed were tions restric instance, for when, regime, Mubarak’s of years last the of policies recurring the contesting as far as go not did which solidarity, symbolic of sions expres just were these But US’s side. by the Iraq, in intervention Egypt’s against protests during Egypt in 2003 in instance for earlier, used been ready designate the uprisings Arab underway and had- al word the Moreover, al-Sadat. by Anwar signed treaty 1979 the since peace Israel with relations of ization normal the of rejection of Egypt in tradition popular a with line in are actions sporadic These assault. by it to take attempting embassy, Israeli towent the even Tahrir on Square forming protesters of group 10 2011, On September regime. Mubarak Hosni a the against protests at the present were flags tinian Pales case, any in Cairo, In it. marginalizing and tine 2011 of Pales touprisings isolating contributed has reconfiguration of relations regional the since Arab the to Palestine, specific factors these from Apart “Palestinian the of Marginalization 2011, of Uprisings Arab the Since mascus, was made clear when the Bashar el-As Bashar the when clear made was mascus, Da in as well as Beirut in combatted, others and used at times had regime the which institutions, Palestinian the towards ambivalence the Syria, In Intifada entered Arab political vocabulary to vocabulary political Arab entered Question” ------tion of a sovereign Palestinian State to a “two-state to State a“two-state Palestinian a sovereign of tion 1993,Since we have gone from the global concep Integration? Politics or as Time Exclusion tal rights being demanded. premiere source of abridgement of the- fundamen sent is primarily directed at Israeli occupation, the dis political governing them, Administration ian Palestin to the according to another area one from differ imposed constraints the For, though Strip. Gaza the or Jerusalem West Bank, the to in live today Palestinian ayoung for different much not is it reported, often is to what Contrary territory. the from exits and entries their on decides and basis ly adai on them controls which Israel, of State the is most obstacle to their civil and political existence fore the since self-sufficiently, root to take failed necessary, though fact, in leaders, their of cism criti The Spring. Arab own to their right have the didn’t they knew also they but Gaza; in Hamas of those or PA the of Ramallah in those whether against theirviews, networks, via leaders, social and Aleppo. Younger generations also expressed Damascus or Tunis, Sanaa Cairo, watching closely was population the though Strip, Gaza and Bank West the in case the not was this Territories, tinian Pales the as Insofar Syria. in case the was as well, the 2011 uprisings, sometimes having to flee as in involved were countries these in even born or ing resid Palestinians The awhole. as population ian maintaining significant solidarity with the Palestin their hascontributed presence Nevertheless, to Lebanon. in non-existent to nearly Jordan in tus sta citizen high the them granting from fer, ranging Arab countries. In the latter, reception policies dif living in regions ofpart Palestine and neighbouring The 1948 Palestinian refugees are for the most 2012. in to move had to Qatar stance, in for Damascus, in residing Hamas of leaders the of one Meshaal, Khaled of clan political The diaspora. the among divisions to political new led inhabitants to their initial condition of and refugees the returned district the of blockade by the lowed 2011 since inhabitants its of many of fol exodus 2012. in beginning The to rebel, Damascus in mouk Yar of camp refugee Palestinian the led Which sides. to take Palestinians on called regime sad ------

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 21 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 22 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys ernance shared between Palestinians and Israe at least an associated-state approach, with gov asingle-State, not of, if hypothesis the in interest situation pressing isThis increasingly rekindling nority, they struggle to make themselves heard. ment and military occupation, ment and military against settle associations as heeding Insofar it. on plan not power, in does coalition the of tions fac radical most the from pressure under ment, govern Israeli the also but too late, come lution reso this has only not However, we have seen, as prehensive peace[...].” com and lasting ajust, and solution two-state the of achievement to the obstacle a major and law tional “constitutesries a flagrantviolation under interna tion 2334, declaring that settlement of the Territo 2016 Resolu famous cember the to be was what on to vote 23 on De Council Security UN the lowing al up ended Administration Obama the that extent an to state such aPalestinian to establish attempt trol. Moreover, settlement expansion threatens any con by Israeli power, obstructed acertain has only PA the by Oslo, defined territory over the and estine, Pal Mandate former of 20% than greater no is tory over terri control Palestinian At present, Territories. Palestinian Occupied the in settlements new velop for throughas, instance, repeated initiatives to de retaliation, through reacted only To has Israel date, Site. World Heritage a 2017 7 July on Hebron of sion city the to declare deci by its demonstrated as Palestinians, of rights property the moreover, defends UNESCO, The wars. Israeli by recent to Gaza caused damages the to reparation for demand Court national Criminal Inter the before to stand all above and ganizations or UN specialized with PA partnership in to work the allow does it but Council, Security by the sion adeci as weight same the carry not does sembly 2012 As 29 November on State General UN by the Observer Non-Member of status the granted was nition from international institutions. The fact that it 2007, in Strip recog greater to Gaza seek the from amputated Authority, Palestinian the spurred has failure This to state develop. sovereign this allow to negotiation bilateral as well as mediation tional solution” whose terms reflect the of inability interna 7 6 effect such a move would have, both in the region and beyond. and region the in both have, would amove such effect The Trump Administration’s decision not to move the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem for the time being attests to the highly negative negative highly the to attests being time the for Jerusalem to Tel Aviv from embassy the move to not decision Administration’s Trump The As, for instance,Be’Tselem or the Breaking Silence. 6 as they are ami are they as ------nary, imagi global as well as regional the on to weigh continues itself, Palestine of that than more ians, Palestin the of situation The general. in Egypt and Sinai the of tosecurity the a threat as Gaza in mas Ha of presence the sees which by Egypt, strated the international stage or the new demon hostility on role Iran’s new disputing Iraq, and Syria in wars the be it whether to coexist, obliged versaries ad between discussion real of aresumption tain uncer evenmore render conflicts regional many too Moreover, negotiated. to be remain that tions compensa the on all above depends on, years 70 realization, its but beyond, and world Arab the in emphasized symbolically is demand still they that to return right The times. political the of tooutside step however, have, They accepted not history.” from them to “remove attempt an as stood 1948 in under be land can their from Palestinians the of expulsion the Sanbar, by Elias stated ously previ As at astandstill. currently negotiations, of pursuit the favour of in speak not does situation al As suggested above, the international and region tional law. by interna recognized not is which Heights, lan Go the and Jerusalem in as simple, and pure ries, Territo the of annexation is alternative Israeli The short-lived. was idea this but state, secular gle, asin of idea the defended once had PLO The lis. the political times. the political of asign is which region, the in security greater in obstacle the for quest inescapable curring, time, the binational State approach is a “double a“double is approach State binational the time, same at the and one, bi-national the than reality other no is there Yehoshua, Avram writer Israeli For Territories Palestinian Occupied develop new settlements in the through repeated initiatives to for instance, through as, retaliation, To date, only has reacted Israel 7 not as an “exceptional” matter, but as are as matter, but “exceptional” an as not ------an integration of populations term. in the short of favour in speak not does citizen’s of rights deficit ble compromise should fall. asustaina for search the which within timeframe political the on reflection additional for call does it but approach, integrative an for need the date however, not, invali does process peace Oslo the of failure The instituted. and imagined to be remain rights These rights. fundamental respective their ulations, obliging the of consideration the nature of pop separated physically two the associating tion solu overall an of hypothesis the reinforces Which compromise should fall the for search asustainable the political timeframe within which for call does additional reflection on for integrative an approach, but it not does invalidateprocess the need failureThe of the peace Oslo conflict. the of sion contents that would be lent to the identity dimen the and field the in power of balance the given tion, ques in nations two the of by either guaranteed be not could citizenship true since dream,” pipe 8 planete/2014/09/29/israeliens-et-palestiniens-la-double-chimere-d-un-etat-binational_1111168 Cf. Yehoshua A vr am , “Israéliens et Palestiniens: la double chimère d’un État binational.” Libération binational.” État d’un chimère double la Palestiniens: et , “Israéliens 8 Israeli Palestinians’ chronic chronic Palestinians’ Israeli ------E C B B A R R K E A Bibliography nderlin l h l l odin otive otive a ypel - -S -A poport a E lidi confluences-mediterranee-2002-4-page-59.htm terranée réactions et perspectives,” Médi Confluences l’humiliation,” Review of Books of Review New York The East,” Middle the in Peace Make Un « Un in arabes,” révolutions des L’Harmattan, 2013, 53-74 p. abe de Sciences Po, 1999 2005 la Cisjordanie,” Le Monde diplomatique khalidi-rashid-john-kerrys-two-state.html 2016 in solvingshort the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, dans l’impasse dans modernes 2002 1995- Proche-Orient. au paix de processus du zzi gh a kk s Les emmurés. La société israélienne israélienne société La Les emmurés. , Sylvain. a a , Ghassan, “Le plan de paix arabe. Genèse, Genèse, arabe. paix de plan “Le , Ghassan, John Kerry’s two-state plan still falls falls still plan two-state Kerry’s John , Rashid. a on

u u a , Hussein and and , Hussein Le rêve brisé. Histoire de l’échec l’échec de Histoire Le rêve brisé. , Charles. , B. “La normalisation avec Israël au miroir miroir au avec Israël normalisation “La , B. L’Etat, Bernard. palestinien , A. and and , A. » , Paris, Fayard, 2002 Fayard, , Paris, , Maxime, “Israël, fait colonial?” Les temps colonial?” fait “Israël, , Maxime, , Meron, “Quitter Gaza pour mieux garder garder mieux pour Gaza “Quitter , Meron,

http://temporaryehliss.blogspot.fr/2017/01/ Les Géopolitiques de Brest, Paris, ? Les Paris, Géopolitiques de Brest, , 2002/4, No. 43, 43, , 2002/4, No. , June 1967), June Le Monde diplomatique , Paris, La Découverte, 2005 Découverte, La , Paris, M , 29 September 2014. September , 29 , Vol. 56-1, 15 2009, January, ehl M a , S., “La cérémonie de de cérémonie “La , S., lley , Robert. “How Not to Not “How , Robert. www.cairn.info/revue- , Paris, Presses Presses , Paris,

www.liberation.fr/ printemps ar printemps , 2005 , , August - -

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2017 23 The Arab-Israeli Conflict Revisited Keys