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An Autoethnography of Scottish Hip-Hop: Identity, Locality, Outsiderdom and Social Commentary
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository@Napier An autoethnography of Scottish hip-hop: identity, locality, outsiderdom and social commentary Dave Hook A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Edinburgh Napier University, for the award of Doctor of Philosophy June 2018 Declaration This critical appraisal is the result of my own work and includes nothing that is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically indicated in the text. It has not been previously submitted, in part or whole, to any university or institution for any degree, diploma, or other qualification. Signed:_________________________________________________________ Date:______5th June 2018 ________________________________________ Dave Hook BA PGCert FHEA Edinburgh i Abstract The published works that form the basis of this PhD are a selection of hip-hop songs written over a period of six years between 2010 and 2015. The lyrics for these pieces are all written by the author and performed with hip-hop group Stanley Odd. The songs have been recorded and commercially released by a number of independent record labels (Circular Records, Handsome Tramp Records and A Modern Way Recordings) with worldwide digital distribution licensed to Fine Tunes, and physical sales through Proper Music Distribution. Considering the poetics of Scottish hip-hop, the accompanying critical reflection is an autoethnographic study, focused on rap lyricism, identity and performance. The significance of the writing lies in how the pieces collectively explore notions of identity, ‘outsiderdom’, politics and society in a Scottish context. Further to this, the pieces are noteworthy in their interpretation of US hip-hop frameworks and structures, adapted and reworked through Scottish culture, dialect and perspective. -
1 BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Pembentukan
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Pembentukan dan penyebaran dunia baru imajinasi yang ditawarkan lewat jaringan media, seperti iklan televisi, mau tidak mau menjadi kebutuhan hidup yang diterima dan dihidupi oleh masyarakat. Bahkan semakin tidak bisa dihindarkan bahwa, aturan, nilai, dan cita rasa yang ditawarkan dalam dunia imajinasi menjadi hukum yang ditaati oleh dunia konkret manusia tersebut. Iklan sebagai salah satu perwujudan kebudayaan massa tidak hanya bertujuan menawarkan dan mempengaruhi calon konsumen untuk membeli barang atau jasa, tetapi juga ikut menciptakan nilai tertentu yang secara terpendam terdapat di dalam iklan tersebut. Jadi, iklan yang sehari-hari kita temukan diberbagai media massa cetak maupun elektronik dapat dikatakan bersifat simbolik. Artinya, iklan dapat menjadi simbol sejauh imaji yang ditampilkannya membentuk dan merefleksikan nilai hakiki. Featherstone menyatakan nilai dan tema klasifikasi gaya hidup konsumen yang diciptakan tanpa acuan dalam realitas seolah menjadi nyata, benar dan alamiah dalam iklan. Iklan telah ikut mendiktekan tema-tema citra semu atau citra pigura seperti stereotype sempit kecantikan ideal yang selalu digambarkan sebagai perempuan yang berkulit putih, berambut lurus dan panjang, berkaki jenjang serta langsing. Sementara yang tidak memiliki kriteria tersebut dinilai tidak termasuk kategori cantik (Featherstone dalam Setyawan, 2011: 4). Dari pernyataan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa media iklan dapat 1 mengkonstruksikan realitas kecantikan perempuan terhadap masyarakat. Iklan dapat memunculkan sistem nilai baru dan merubah sistem nilai yang sudah ada di masyarakat, iklan dapat menciptakan suatu sistem yang seragam secara keseluruhan. Standar ideal mengenai perempuan cantik pada era tahun 60-70 an adalah memiliki tubuh kurus, kulit hitam, dan rambut berombak. Tahun 80 an seorang perempuan cantik adalah sosok perempuan yang memiliki kulit halus dan lembut. -
General Assembly Security Council Seventy-First Session Seventy-First Year Items 15, 17, 34, 60, 109 and 127 of the Provisional Agenda*
United Nations A/71/366–S/2016/723 General Assembly Distr.: General 23 August 2016 Security Council Original: English General Assembly Security Council Seventy-first session Seventy-first year Items 15, 17, 34, 60, 109 and 127 of the provisional agenda* The role of the United Nations in promoting a new global human order Macroeconomic policy questions The situation in the Middle East Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources Measures to eliminate international terrorism Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations Letter dated 19 August 2016 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Mauritania to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to forward to you a letter dated 14 August 2016 from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States, Ahmed Aboul Gheit, to which are attached the resolutions issued by the Arab League Council at its 27th ordinary session, held at the summit level in Nouakchott on 25 July 2016 (see annex). I should be grateful if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the seventy-first session of the General Assembly, under items 15, 17, 34, 60, 109 and 127 of the provisional agenda, and of the Security Council. (Signed) El Hacen Eleyatt Chargé d’affaires a.i. Chairman of the 27th ordinary session of the Arab League Council held at the summit level in Mauritania on 25 July 2016 * A/71/150. -
Study on the Influence of the Successful Bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics on the Development of Winter Sports in China
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUCCESSFUL BID FOR THE 2022 WINTER OLYMPICS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER SPORTS IN CHINA HOU HAIBO China Sport Information Center Email: [email protected] Abstract - By using the methods of literature review, statistical analysis, expert consultation and analytical comparison, this paper studies the influence of Beijing’s successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics on winter sports in China. It points out that the 2022 Winter Olympics has put winter sports development in China on a fast track, generating more public interest and government support. In the meantime, this paper makes a few suggestions, including strengthening personnel training, perfecting the official industry-approved quality standard and improving the quality of service in winter sports. Keywords - Winter Sports, China, 2022 Winter Olympics, Influence. I. BACKGROUND popular in China, leading to a relatively low competitive level in winter events. China has broken In July 2015, Beijing and co-host city Zhangjiakou, in into the top 10 of the Winter Olympic Games medal surrounding Hebei Province, won the right to host the tally only once. Statistics show imbalance in China's 2022 Winter Olympic Games. In the past two years, winter sports development -- ice sports are much the latest developments of competitive winter sports, stronger than snow. Eleven of the 12 golds and 45 of mass winter sports and relevant sports industry in the 53 total medals have come from ice competitions. China have attracted a great deal of domestic and Short track speed skating in particular has become overseas attention. China’s main source of medals. -
Israeli–Palestinian Peacemaking January 2019 Middle East and North the Role of the Arab States Africa Programme
Briefing Israeli–Palestinian Peacemaking January 2019 Middle East and North The Role of the Arab States Africa Programme Yossi Mekelberg Summary and Greg Shapland • The positions of several Arab states towards Israel have evolved greatly in the past 50 years. Four of these states in particular – Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE and (to a lesser extent) Jordan – could be influential in shaping the course of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. • In addition to Egypt and Jordan (which have signed peace treaties with Israel), Saudi Arabia and the UAE, among other Gulf states, now have extensive – albeit discreet – dealings with Israel. • This evolution has created a new situation in the region, with these Arab states now having considerable potential influence over the Israelis and Palestinians. It also has implications for US positions and policy. So far, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE and Jordan have chosen not to test what this influence could achieve. • One reason for the inactivity to date may be disenchantment with the Palestinians and their cause, including the inability of Palestinian leaders to unite to promote it. However, ignoring Palestinian concerns will not bring about a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which will continue to add to instability in the region. If Arab leaders see regional stability as being in their countries’ interests, they should be trying to shape any eventual peace plan advanced by the administration of US President Donald Trump in such a way that it forms a framework for negotiations that both Israeli and Palestinian leaderships can accept. Israeli–Palestinian Peacemaking: The Role of the Arab States Introduction This briefing forms part of the Chatham House project, ‘Israel–Palestine: Beyond the Stalemate’. -
Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Journal of International Law 2015 Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjil Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Hayek, Vincent El, "Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law" (2015). Minnesota Journal of International Law. 286. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjil/286 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Journal of International Law collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek In 1993, Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization signed the Oslo Accords,' starting a peace process that was meant to end with a Palestinian State. The Oslo Accords were only the start of numerous agreements, including the 1994 Gaza-Jericho Agreement, which became Annex IV to the Accords, commonly known as the Paris Protocol.2 The Paris Protocol laid out the framework for what was to be the economic relationship between Israel and a Palestinian state. Its writers recognized the importance that stability and growth in the Palestinian economy had for any hope of a lasting peace. 3 As such, they developed a strategy which hinged on four "pillars" for Palestinian economic development: 11] International aid; [2] close Israeli-Palestinian economic relations; [3] foreign and private investment; and [4] access to foreign markets for Palestinian exports.4 When the Paris Protocol was first signed, excitement was high. -
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Popularitas Kontes
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Popularitas kontes kecantikan yang diawali di Eropa telah merambah ke banyak negara termasuk Indonesia. Sejumlah kontes kecantikan meramaikan industri pertelevisian, salah satunya adalah kontes kecantikan Puteri Indonesia yang sudah diselenggarakan sejak tahun 1992. Ajang Puteri Indonesia digagas oleh pendiri PT Mustika Ratu, yaitu Mooryati Soedibyo. Di tahun 2020, kompetisi Puteri Indonesia kembali digelar dan ditayangkan di stasiun televisi SCTV. Penyelenggaraan kontes, melibatkan 39 finalis yang berlomba menampilkan performa terbaik untuk memperebutkan gelar dan mahkota Puteri Indonesia. Pemilihan 39 finalis yang berkompetisi di panggung Puteri Indonesia melalui proses yang tidak mudah. Yayasan Puteri Indonesia (YPI) menjelaskan bahwa perempuan yang berhasil menjadi perwakilan provinsi dipilih melalui seleksi ketat. YPI membebankan syarat utama bagi calon peserta untuk memenuhi kriteria “Brain, Beauty, Behavior”. Secara spesifik YPI mematok kontestan harus memiliki tinggi minimal 170 cm, berpenampilan menarik, dan pernah atau sedang menempuh pendidikan di perguruan tinggi. Nantinya, apabila berhasil terpilih sebagai pemenang, maka 3 besar Puteri Indonesia akan mengikuti ajang kecantikan internasional yaitu, 1 2 Miss Universe, Miss International, dan Miss Supranational (www.puteri- indonesia.com, 2019). Konstruksi ideal “Brain, Beauty, Behavior” atau 3B telah melekat dengan kontes Puteri Indonesia, dan menjadi harapan bagi masyarakat untuk melihat figur perempuan ideal. Namun, penyelenggaraan kontes di tahun 2020 mendapat sorotan terkait dengan performa finalis saat malam final. Salah satu finalis yang menjadi perbincangan hangat adalah Kalista Iskandar, perwakilan dari Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Langkahnya terhenti di babak 6 besar setelah gagal menjawab pertanyaan terkait Pancasila. Kegagalannya dalam sesi tanya-jawab, menghiasi pemberitaan media massa hingga menjadi topik yang paling banyak dibicarakan (trending topic) di media sosial Twitter. -
The Gulf States and the Middle East Peace Process: Considerations, Stakes, and Options
ISSUE BRIEF 08.25.20 The Gulf States and the Middle East Peace Process: Considerations, Stakes, and Options Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, Ph.D, Fellow for the Middle East conflict, the Gulf states complied with and INTRODUCTION enforced the Arab League boycott of Israel This issue brief examines where the six until at least 1994 and participated in the nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council— oil embargo of countries that supported 1 Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Israel in the Yom Kippur War of 1973. In Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates 1973, for example, the president of the (UAE)—currently stand in their outlook and UAE, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, approaches toward the Israeli-Palestinian claimed that “No Arab country is safe from issue. The first section of this brief begins by the perils of the battle with Zionism unless outlining how positions among the six Gulf it plays its role and bears its responsibilities, 2 states have evolved over the three decades in confronting the Israeli enemy.” In since the Madrid Conference of 1991. Section Kuwait, Sheikh Fahd al-Ahmad Al Sabah, a two analyzes the degree to which the six brother of two future Emirs, was wounded Gulf states’ relations with Israel are based while fighting with Fatah in Jordan in 3 on interests, values, or a combination of 1968, while in 1981 the Saudi government both, and how these differ from state to offered to finance the reconstruction of state. Section three details the Gulf states’ Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor after it was 4 responses to the peace plan unveiled by destroyed by an Israeli airstrike. -
S/PV.8717 the Situation in the Middle East, Including the Palestinian Question 11/02/2020
United Nations S/ PV.8717 Security Council Provisional Seventy-fifth year 8717th meeting Tuesday, 11 February 2020, 10 a.m. New York President: Mr. Goffin ..................................... (Belgium) Members: China ......................................... Mr. Zhang Jun Dominican Republic ............................. Mr. Singer Weisinger Estonia ........................................ Mr. Jürgenson France ........................................ Mr. De Rivière Germany ...................................... Mr. Schulz Indonesia. Mr. Djani Niger ......................................... Mr. Aougi Russian Federation ............................... Mr. Nebenzia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ................... Ms. King South Africa ................................... Mr. Mabhongo Tunisia ........................................ Mr. Ladeb United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .. Ms. Pierce United States of America .......................... Mrs. Craft Viet Nam ...................................... Mr. Dang Agenda The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room -
On December 7-10, 2016, the Japanese Anti-Doping Agency
JADA hosts the 10th Anniversary of the International Anti-Doping Seminar in Asia and Oceania On December 7-10, 2016, the Japanese Anti-Doping Agency (JADA) hosted the 10th anniversary of the annual International Anti-Doping Seminar in Asia and Oceania: “PLAY TRUE 2020 Week” in Sapporo, Hokkaido, in partnership with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), and with support from the Japan Sports Agency and the Government of Japan. This year’s venue, Sapporo, was the host city of 1972 Winter Olympic Games and 2017 Asian Winter Games. Over 60 participants from 31 countries, mainly from the Asia-Oceania anti-doping community, took part in the seminar, as did Athlete Committee members from WADA, the Asia Paralympic Committee (APC), and JADA. The theme of the seminar focused on the World Anti-Doping Code Monitoring and Partnership to Quality Practice, as well as “Leaders of Tomorrow” in which athletes and youth engaged to promote and develop the values of sport. WADA presented on a number of key topics including compliance and monitoring programs, as well as intelligence and investigations. In addition, Athlete Committee members from WADA, JADA, and APC shared their experiences with anti-doping activities and offered opinions on clean sport during presentations and panel discussions. Afterwards, participants broke into groups to discuss the challenges and successes with the Code and partnerships, as well as how to better encourage athlete engagement. On Day 3, high school students from Sapporo, who took values-based anti-doping education classes, joined the seminar to deliver their thoughts on the values of sport, and to develop their understanding of the values through an activity-based session called “New MO!” facilitated by Olympians and Paralympians mainly from Hokkaido. -
Just Below the Surface: Israel, the Arab Gulf States and the Limits of Cooperation
Middle East Centre JUST BELOW THE SURFACE ISRAEL, THE ARAB GULF STATES AND THE LIMITS OF COOPERATION IAN BLACK LSE Middle East Centre Report | March 2019 About the Middle East Centre The Middle East Centre builds on LSE’s long engagement with the Middle East and provides a central hub for the wide range of research on the region carried out at LSE. The Middle East Centre aims to enhance understanding and develop rigorous research on the societies, economies, polities and international relations of the region. The Centre promotes both special- ised knowledge and public understanding of this crucial area, and has outstanding strengths in interdisciplinary research and in regional expertise. As one of the world’s leading social science institutions, LSE comprises departments covering all branches of the social sciences. The Middle East Centre harnesses this expertise to promote innova- tive research and training on the region. Middle East Centre Just Below the Surface: Israel, the Arab Gulf States and the Limits of Cooperation Ian Black LSE Middle East Centre Report March 2019 About the Author Ian Black is a former Middle East editor, diplomatic editor and European editor for the Guardian newspaper. He is currently Visiting Senior Fellow at the LSE Middle East Centre. His latest book is entitled Enemies and Neighbours: Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel, 1917–2017. Abstract For over a decade Israel has been strengthening links with Arab Gulf states with which it has no diplomatic relations. Evidence of a convergence of Israel’s stra- tegic views with those of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain has accumulated as all displayed hostility to Iran’s regional ambitions and to United States President Barack Obama’s policies during the Arab Spring. -
Isratin: the One-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian
Isratin: The One-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Ken-Ben Chao War in the 20th Century Mr. John Bickel January 6, 2011 An anxious crowd of two hundred and fifty people gathered and waited outside the Tel Aviv Museum on May 14, 1948. Within the next thirty-two minutes, the State of Israel was formally established. After nearly two millennia in exile, the Jewish homeland was reborn. The next day, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq attacked Israel, prompting the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Within the next sixty years, several other wars would be fought over the Israeli-Palestinian question. Today, the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, or Arab-Israeli Conflict, remains a critical obstacle to world peace and stability in the Middle East. Though peace talks have been in progress for decades, numerous issues continue to obstruct success in the negotiations. If a viable solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is not created and implemented, the conflict will continue to plague the region with terrorism and war. Despite many proposed solutions, obstacles such as Jerusalem, the Israeli settlements, and Palestinian terrorism impede significant progress in the peace talks. With the numerous issues regarding the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, the best solution is a gradual reintegration of Palestinians into the Holy Land, a relaxation of tensions between the various factions, and the beginning of serious negotiations towards an eventual one-state solution. History In order to fully comprehend the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, an understanding of the region’s bloody history must first be attained. The origin of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict goes as far back as the Biblical era.