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L%- (2- V%- 2>$?- GA- (R- $- >A/- +- 2#?- 0- =?- 1A2- I3- .R%- 8J?- L- 2- 28$?- ?R,
!, ,L%- (2- v%- 2>$?- GA- (R- $- >A/- +- 2#?- 0- =?- 1A2- i3- .R%- 8J?- L- 2- 28$?- ?R, ,, The Exceedingly Concise Ritual of Confession of Downfalls from Bodhichitta called The Complete Purification of Karmic Obscurations !, ]- 3- .%- 2&R3- w/- :.?- .0=- >G:A- o=- 0R- =- K$- :5=- =R, LA MA DANG CHOM DEN DE PAL SHAKYE GYAL PO LA CHAG TSAL LO Homage to the Guru and the Bhagavan, the Glorious King of the Shakyas! ,.J:%- :R- {R=- IA- !R/- 0- ,$?- eJ- &/- .J- *A.- :1$?- 0- .!R/- 3(R$- 2lJ$?- 0:A- :.?- 0- *J<- 28A- 0- *J<- :#R<- IA?- 8?- 0:A- 3.R<- L%- 2- .J:A- v%- 2- 2>$?- 0:A- ,2?- 3(R$- +- I<- 0- 1%- 0R- $?3- 0- 8J?- H.- 0<- &/- $?%?- 0- :.A- *A.- ,J$- (J/- 0- 3,:- .$- $A?- >A/- +- ,$?- 2lA?- (J<- 36.- $>A?- :1$?- 0- [- 12- ?R$?- :1$?- 2R.- GA- 0E- P2- .- 3?- :PJ=- DA!- o?- 2#?- .- 3- 8A$- 36.- :.$- 0- .%- , :1$?- ;=- .:%- 3.R- =$?- GA- (R- $- .%- , }$?- =$?- GA- 12- ,2?- aR2- .0R/- /$- 0R- 0:A- 82?- GA?- 36.- 0- ?R$?- &A- <A$?- ;R.- :.$- 0<- 2gJ/- $%?- <A:A- OR.- :.A<- .$J- 2:A- 2>J?- $*J/- #- &A$- $A?- LA/- _2?- 28A- {R<- ?R$?- (/- ]:A- (R- $- =- 1<- 2!2- GA- (R- $- 36.- 0- .%- , :$:- 8A$- $A?- o- $<- 0E- (J/- >- <A- 0- Q- /?- 2o.- 0:A- eJ?- $/%- $A- (R- $- =- 2gJ/- /?- L- o.- =$?- GA- 12- ,2?- .%- , #- &A$- $A?- aR2- .0R/- (J/- 0R- 0E- :L%- $/?- GA?- 36.- 0:A- g- /$- ;A.- 28A/- /R<- 2:A- KA- 12- =- 2gJ/- 0:A- 2.J- $>J$?- ?R- s:A - 12- ,2?- .%- zR- |R- ?R$?- $- 5S$?- >A$- 36.- 0<- $%- 2- 3,:- .$- G%- #%?- .%- :UJ=- 8A%- LA/- _2?- k.- .- L%- 2- #R- /<- %J?- 0?- <%- $A- *3?- =J/- IA?- tR$- /- :.R.-0:A- .R/- :P2- %J?- :2:- 8A$- ;/- = A , In this regard, our teacher, the compassionate Buddha, expounded on a certain sutra called The Sutra of the Three Heaps, which is the supreme method for confessing downfalls, a practice in the twenty-fourth compendium of the exalted sutra entitled The Stack of Jewels, requested by Nyerkhor. -
Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907)
Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 BuYun Chen All rights reserved ABSTRACT Dressing for the Times: Fashion in Tang Dynasty China (618-907) BuYun Chen During the Tang dynasty, an increased capacity for change created a new value system predicated on the accumulation of wealth and the obsolescence of things that is best understood as fashion. Increased wealth among Tang elites was paralleled by a greater investment in clothes, which imbued clothes with new meaning. Intellectuals, who viewed heightened commercial activity and social mobility as symptomatic of an unstable society, found such profound changes in the vestimentary landscape unsettling. For them, a range of troubling developments, including crisis in the central government, deep suspicion of the newly empowered military and professional class, and anxiety about waste and obsolescence were all subsumed under the trope of fashionable dressing. The clamor of these intellectuals about the widespread desire to be “current” reveals the significant space fashion inhabited in the empire – a space that was repeatedly gendered female. This dissertation considers fashion as a system of social practices that is governed by material relations – a system that is also embroiled in the politics of the gendered self and the body. I demonstrate that this notion of fashion is the best way to understand the process through which competition for status and self-identification among elites gradually broke away from the imperial court and its system of official ranks. -
Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes. -
Auditory Hair Cell-Specific Deletion of P27 in Postnatal Mice Promotes
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 19, 2014 • 34(47):15751–15763 • 15751 Development/Plasticity/Repair Auditory Hair Cell-Specific Deletion of p27Kip1 in Postnatal Mice Promotes Cell-Autonomous Generation of New Hair Cells and Normal Hearing Bradley J. Walters,* Zhiyong Liu,* Mark Crabtree,* Emily Coak, Brandon C. Cox, and Jian Zuo Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 Hearing in mammals relies upon the transduction of sound by hair cells (HCs) in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear. Sensorineural hearing loss is a widespread and permanent disability due largely to a lack of HC regeneration in mammals. Recent studies suggest that targeting the retinoblastoma (Rb)/E2F pathway can elicit proliferation of auditory HCs. However, previous attempts to induce HC proliferation in this manner have resulted in abnormal cochlear morphology, HC death, and hearing loss. Here we show that cochlear HCs readily proliferate and survive following neonatal, HC-specific, conditional knock-out of p27 Kip1 (p27CKO), a tumor suppressor upstream of Rb. Indeed, HC-specific p27CKO results in proliferation of these cells without the upregulation of the supporting cell or progenitor cell proteins, Prox1 or Sox2, suggesting that they remain HCs. Furthermore, p27CKO leads to a significant addition of postnatallyderivedHCsthatexpresscharacteristicsynapticandstereociliarymarkersandsurvivetoadulthood,althoughaportionofthe newly derived inner HCs exhibit cytocauds and lack VGlut3 expression. Despite this, p27CKO mice exhibit normal hearing as measured by evoked auditory brainstem responses, which suggests that the newly generated HCs may contribute to, or at least do not greatly detract from, function. These results show that p27 Kip1 actively maintains HC quiescence in postnatal mice, and suggest that inhibition of p27 Kip1 in residual HCs represents a potential strategy for cell-autonomous auditory HC regeneration. -
An Double Hidden HMM and an CRF for Segmentation Tasks with Pinyin's Finals
An Double Hidden HMM and an CRF for Segmentation Tasks with Pinyin’s Finals Huixing Jiang Zhe Dong Center for Intelligence Science and Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, China [email protected] [email protected] Abstract inner features of Chinese Characters. And it nat- urally contributes to the identification of Out-Of- We have participated in the open tracks Vacabulary words (OOV). and closed tracks on four corpora of Chi- In our work, Chinese phonology information is nese word segmentation tasks in CIPS- used as basic features of Chinese characters in all SIGHAN-2010 Bake-offs. In our experi- models. For open tracks, we propose a new dou- ments, we used the Chinese inner phonol- ble hidden layers HMM in which a new phonol- ogy information in all tracks. For open ogy information is built in as a hidden layer, a tracks, we proposed a double hidden lay- new lexical association is proposed to deal with ers’ HMM (DHHMM) in which Chinese the OOV questions and domains’ adaptation ques- inner phonology information was used as tions. And for closed tracks, CRF model has been one hidden layer and the BIO tags as an- used , combined with Chinese inner phonology in- other hidden layer. N-best results were formation. We used the CRF++ package Version firstly generated by using DHHMM, then 0.43 by Taku Kudo1. the best one was selected by using a new In the rest sections of this paper, we firstly in- lexical statistic measure. For close tracks, troduce the Chinese phonology in Section 2. -
Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. -
SSA1208 / GES1005 – Everyday Life of Chinese Singaporeans: Past and Present
SSA1208 / GES1005 – Everyday Life of Chinese Singaporeans: Past and Present Group Essay Ho Lim Keng Temple Prepared By: Tutorial [D5] Chew Si Hui (A0130382R) Kwek Yee Ying (A0130679Y) Lye Pei Xuan (A0146673X) Soh Rolynn (A0130650W) Submission Date: 31th March 2017 1 Content Page 1. Introduction to Ho Lim Keng Temple 3 2. Exterior & Courtyard 3 3. Second Level 3 4. Interior & Main Hall 4 5. Main Gods 4 6. Secondary Gods 5 7. Our Views 6 8. Experiences Encountered during our Temple Visit 7 9. References 8 10. Appendix 8 2 1. Introduction to Ho Lim Keng Temple Ho Lim Keng Temple is a Taoist temple and is managed by common surname association, Xu (许) Clan. Chinese clan associations are benevolent organizations of popular origin found among overseas Chinese communities for individuals with the same surname. This social practice arose several centuries ago in China. As its old location was acquisited by the government for redevelopment plans, they had moved to a new location on Outram Hill. Under the leadership of 许木泰宗长 and other leaders, along with the clan's enthusiastic response, the clan managed to raise a total of more than $124,000, and attained their fundraising goal for the reconstruction of the temple. Reconstruction works commenced in 1973 and was completed in 1975. Ho Lim Keng Temple was advocated by the Xu Clan in 1961, with a board of directors to manage internal affairs. In 1966, Ho Lim Keng Temple applied to the Registrar of Societies and was approved on February 28, 1967 and then was published in the Government Gazette on March 3. -
Yu Buyu: a Curatorial Studio: a Business Plan 2019-2024 Jing Mei Yu
Sotheby's Institute of Art Digital Commons @ SIA MA Projects Student Scholarship and Creative Work 2018 Yu Buyu: A Curatorial Studio: A Business Plan 2019-2024 Jing Mei Yu Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.sia.edu/stu_proj Part of the Arts Management Commons, and the Fine Arts Commons YU BUYU: A Curatorial Studio A Business Plan 2019-2024 Chengdu, China Jing Mei Yu MA Art Business Master’s Project December, 2018 Word Count: 4256 words Abstract The paper proposed a five-year business plan for establishing a curatorial studio in Chengdu, China - YU BUYU. It analysed the current statues of contemporary art in Chengdu from different perspectives, for example, in terms of museums, galleries, art fair, and etc. By analysing the situation, the paper identified Chengdu’s area of improvement - to grow the local art ecosystem between museums, galleries, artists and individual collectors by strengthen the connections and relationships between different sectors and increase interactions with wider art community. The paper thus proposed the curatorial studio as an active gathering place to exhibit emerging art, to connect local art institutions, to promote educational programs, and to help build up the contemporary art ecosystem of Chengdu. Table of Content 1.0 Executive Summary 1 2.0 Background Analysis 3 2.1 Art Landscape in Chengdu 3 2.1.1 Museums 4 2.1.2 Galleries 6 2.1.3 Art Fair 7 2.1.4 Art Districts 8 2.1.5 Artist 8 3.0 Program Description 10 4.0 Marketing Plan 13 5.0 Operation and Development Plans 15 6.0 Basic Financials 18 7.0 Conclusion 20 8.0 Bibliography 21 Illustration Fig 1. -
Gateless Gate Has Become Common in English, Some Have Criticized This Translation As Unfaithful to the Original
Wú Mén Guān The Barrier That Has No Gate Original Collection in Chinese by Chán Master Wúmén Huìkāi (1183-1260) Questions and Additional Comments by Sŏn Master Sǔngan Compiled and Edited by Paul Dōch’ŏng Lynch, JDPSN Page ii Frontspiece “Wú Mén Guān” Facsimile of the Original Cover Page iii Page iv Wú Mén Guān The Barrier That Has No Gate Chán Master Wúmén Huìkāi (1183-1260) Questions and Additional Comments by Sŏn Master Sǔngan Compiled and Edited by Paul Dōch’ŏng Lynch, JDPSN Sixth Edition Before Thought Publications Huntington Beach, CA 2010 Page v BEFORE THOUGHT PUBLICATIONS HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92648 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © 2010 ENGLISH VERSION BY PAUL LYNCH, JDPSN NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, GRAPHIC, ELECTRONIC, OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, TAPING OR BY ANY INFORMATION STORAGE OR RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT THE PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY LULU INCORPORATION, MORRISVILLE, NC, USA COVER PRINTED ON LAMINATED 100# ULTRA GLOSS COVER STOCK, DIGITAL COLOR SILK - C2S, 90 BRIGHT BOOK CONTENT PRINTED ON 24/60# CREAM TEXT, 90 GSM PAPER, USING 12 PT. GARAMOND FONT Page vi Dedication What are we in this cosmos? This ineffable question has haunted us since Buddha sat under the Bodhi Tree. I would like to gracefully thank the author, Chán Master Wúmén, for his grace and kindness by leaving us these wonderful teachings. I would also like to thank Chán Master Dàhuì for his ineptness in destroying all copies of this book; thankfully, Master Dàhuì missed a few so that now we can explore the teachings of his teacher. -
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation
Last Name First Name/Middle Name Course Award Course 2 Award 2 Graduation A/L Krishnan Thiinash Bachelor of Information Technology March 2015 A/L Selvaraju Theeban Raju Bachelor of Commerce January 2015 A/P Balan Durgarani Bachelor of Commerce with Distinction March 2015 A/P Rajaram Koushalya Priya Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Hiba Mohsin Mohammed Master of Health Leadership and Aal-Yaseen Hussein Management July 2015 Aamer Muhammad Master of Quality Management September 2015 Abbas Hanaa Safy Seyam Master of Business Administration with Distinction March 2015 Abbasi Muhammad Hamza Master of International Business March 2015 Abdallah AlMustafa Hussein Saad Elsayed Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Abdallah Asma Samir Lutfi Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdallah Moh'd Jawdat Abdel Rahman Master of International Business July 2015 AbdelAaty Mosa Amany Abdelkader Saad Master of Media and Communications with Distinction March 2015 Abdel-Karim Mervat Graduate Diploma in TESOL July 2015 Abdelmalik Mark Maher Abdelmesseh Bachelor of Commerce March 2015 Master of Strategic Human Resource Abdelrahman Abdo Mohammed Talat Abdelziz Management September 2015 Graduate Certificate in Health and Abdel-Sayed Mario Physical Education July 2015 Sherif Ahmed Fathy AbdRabou Abdelmohsen Master of Strategic Marketing September 2015 Abdul Hakeem Siti Fatimah Binte Bachelor of Science January 2015 Abdul Haq Shaddad Yousef Ibrahim Master of Strategic Marketing March 2015 Abdul Rahman Al Jabier Bachelor of Engineering Honours Class II, Division 1 -
A Comparative Analysis of the Simplification of Chinese Characters in Japan and China
CONTRASTING APPROACHES TO CHINESE CHARACTER REFORM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SIMPLIFICATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN JAPAN AND CHINA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ASIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2012 By Kei Imafuku Thesis Committee: Alexander Vovin, Chairperson Robert Huey Dina Rudolph Yoshimi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express deep gratitude to Alexander Vovin, Robert Huey, and Dina R. Yoshimi for their Japanese and Chinese expertise and kind encouragement throughout the writing of this thesis. Their guidance, as well as the support of the Center for Japanese Studies, School of Pacific and Asian Studies, and the East-West Center, has been invaluable. i ABSTRACT Due to the complexity and number of Chinese characters used in Chinese and Japanese, some characters were the target of simplification reforms. However, Japanese and Chinese simplifications frequently differed, resulting in the existence of multiple forms of the same character being used in different places. This study investigates the differences between the Japanese and Chinese simplifications and the effects of the simplification techniques implemented by each side. The more conservative Japanese simplifications were achieved by instating simpler historical character variants while the more radical Chinese simplifications were achieved primarily through the use of whole cursive script forms and phonetic simplification techniques. These techniques, however, have been criticized for their detrimental effects on character recognition, semantic and phonetic clarity, and consistency – issues less present with the Japanese approach. By comparing the Japanese and Chinese simplification techniques, this study seeks to determine the characteristics of more effective, less controversial Chinese character simplifications. -
CHIN 102: BEGINNING CHINESE (Web-Based) SPRING 2021
CHIN 102: BEGINNING CHINESE (Web-Based) SPRING 2021 INSTRUCTOR Chang, Yufen 张瑜芬 (zhāng yú fēn) Email: [email protected] Office hours: MonDay 11:15am~12:15pm, WeDnesday 10:10am~11:10am, or by appointment Zoom link: https://wku.zoom.us/j/8487135368 TEACHING ASSISTANT/TUTOR Sim, Guan Cherng 沈冠丞 (shěn guàn chéng) Email: [email protected] Zoom link: https://wku.zoom.us/j/4833361863 WEEKLY COURSE STRUCTURE 1. Zoom meeting: 55 minutes with Dr. Chang on Monday (10:20pm ~ 11:15am) If you have a time conflict and cannot make it, please watch the recordeD class meeting on BlackboarD. The video should be available by 2pm on MonDay. 2. Tutoring: 20-minute Zoom tutoring with Mr. Sim Please go to https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10gwslnlv- ykkARUlCzSzW8FUyWKWaXbJQ7bsncTAk5E/eDit#gid=0 to sign up for your tutorial session. The tutorial session will start in the first week. Note that attending the weekly tutorial session is required and that your attendance is included in the grading system. Every week you will receive a full grade for your tutoring when you attend the session on time. If your absence for the tutoring is unexcused, you then will receive a zero for that week’s tutoring grade. If something unexpected happens and you need to reschedule the tutorial session, please contact Mr. Sim via email as early as you can. 3. Two self-learning lessons available on BlackboarD REQUIRED TEXTS 1. Tao-chung Yao & Yuehua Liu, Integrated Chinese: Textbook, Level One: Part One 2. Tao-chung Yao & Yuehua Liu, Integrated Chinese: Workbook, Level One: Part One COURSE DESCRIPTIONS AND OBJECTIVES This course is designed to introDuce ManDarin Chinese to stuDents who have completely CHIN 101.