INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscr^ Has Been Reproduced
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscr^ has been reproduced from the microfiliii master. UMI films the text directty from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dqiendent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogrsqths, print bleedthrough, substandard m argins, and inqnoper alignment can adversety affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note win indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with sm all overkq)s. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations aiq>earing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Nmnber OSOTTTS Situation types and aspectual classes of verbs in Mandarin Chinese He, Baoshang, Ph D. Th« Ohio State UaWanity, 1902 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Aibor, MI 48106 SITUATION TYPES AND ASPECTUAL CLASSES OF VERBS IN MANDARIN CHINESE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Baozhang He, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1992 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. James H-Y Tai Dr. Marjorie K.M. Chan Adviser Dr. Robert M Sanders Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I express my sincere appreciation to my advisor. Professor James H-Y Tai, for his guidance. Insights and criticism throughout the writing of this thesis. His writings and teaching have influenced me greatly in my way of thinking about language in general and the Chinese language in particular. Without his guidance, this diesis can never come into being though I myself alone am responsible for all the errors here. Special thanks also go to Professor Marjorie K M Chan and Professor Robert M. Sanders for their services as members of my dissertation committee, and for their moral support throughout the writing of this thesis. I have also benerited from Professor Robert D. Levin's conunents on the draft of this dissertation. Special gratitude is due to Professor Timothy Light, who served as my academic advisor during my earlier years of graduate study at the Ohio State University. He led me into the realm of the study of language, and helped 11 to shape my development as a Chinese linguist during my years at the Ohio State University. Gratitude is also expressed to Professors Frank F.S. Hsueh, Arnold M. Zwicl^, and Da\id Chen for service on my general examination committee. I express gratefulness to professor Yanshuan Lao for constantly talking with me to broaden my knowledge about Chinese history and culture, and to provide me with constant moral support. For his friendship, I owe special thanks to Wenze Hu. I have benerited tremendously from our discussions about the issues in linguistics and the aspects in life. Acknowledgements also go to the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at fee Ohio State University, its faculty members, secretaries and my fellow students, for providing me wife years of teaching assistantships and academic environments to complete my study. Ill VTTA June 3, 1955..................... Bom - Beÿing, China 1982................................ B.A., Beijing Language Listitute, Beijing, China 1982-1983 ....................... Assistant Lecturer of English, Depaitment of Fbreign Languages, Beijing Language Institute 1985................................ M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1984-1989....................... Gtaduate Associate, Depaitment of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1989-1990 ....................... Visiting Lecturer, Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1990-1992 ....................... Visiting Lecturer, Chinese Language Coordinator (1991-1992), Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, hidiana University, Bloomington, Indiana IV PUBUCATIONS "Chinese Sociolinguistics: A Field Well Worth being Exploited." 0)-written with R. Sanders. Shijie Hanyu Jiaoxue (Chinese Teaching in the World) 1991.2:85-89 & 1991.4:217-233. "Some Comments on TWo Popular Series of Textbooks Used in American Universities." Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association (1990) 25.2.65-76. "A Study o f the One Thousand Most Frequently Used Characters." Co-written with M. Chan. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association (1988) 23.3.49-68. FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: East Asian Languages and Literatures TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................... ü VITA................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER PAGE I. Introduction ........................................................................... I 1.1. Theoretical Background................................................ 1 1.1.1. Vendler*s Four Categories 1.1.2. Dowty*s Lexical Decomposition Theory and Aspectual Classes ................................ 3 1.2. Studies in Modem Chinese............................................ 6 1.2.1. Tai’s Three Categories............................... 6 1.2.2. Teng's Four Categories............................. 7 1.2.3. Szeto's Two-System Classification of Verbs in C h in ese................................................ 8 1.2.4. Smith s Four Event Types in Mandarin C hinese...................................................... 13 1.3. Organization of the Study............................................ 15 N o te s...................................................................................... 18 n. Syntactic and Semantic Tests for Different Types of Chinese Verbs........................................................................ 19 2.1. Clarification of Key Terms .......................................... 19 2.1.1. Tense, Aspect and Aktionsart.................... 19 2.1.2. Situations.................................................... 24 VI 2.L2.1. Stative and Non-stative .................... 25 2.1.2.2. Durative and Punctual .................... 26 2.1.3. Goal Attainment ........................................... 28 2.2. -2Jie and .................................................................. 33 2.2.1. -Zhe as a Stative Marker.......................... 34 2.2.2. Zai as a Progressive Marker ........................ 38 2.2.3. Zai as a Test for Non-Stative Verbs 43 2.2.4. Summary ...................................................... 45 2.3. i t o .................................................................................. 45 2.3.1. Hen as a Test for Non-absolute Stative Verbs ............................................... 46 2.3.2. Hen + Verb + Quantification + (Object) . 51 2.3.3. Summary ....................................................... 53 2.4. Completive and Durative Adverbials in Chinese 54 2.4.1. Dowty’s Tests in Aspectual Classification in English ................................. 54 2.4.2. The Positional Function of Time E xpression ................................................. 59 2.4.3. Hua. not a Good Test in Chinese ............... 63 2.4.4. Summary ....................................................... 66 2.5. Verb-Copying ................................................................ 67 2.5.1. Verb-Copying as a Test for Activity 67 2.5.2. RVC’s Do not Possess Durative Aspect. .. 72 2.5.3. Summary ....................................................... 76 2.6. Entailment Tests .............................................................. 77 2.6.1. Entailment Tests Used in English ............... 77 2.6.2. Entailment Relationships in Chinese 79 2.6.3. Summary ....................................................... 89 2.7. Imperatives ....................................................................... 89 N o te s ......................................................................................... 98 m Situation Types in Simple Perfectives and RVC’s ...................... 103 3.1. Simple Perfectives and Attainment of Goal ...................... 103 3.1.1. Nature of the Verb Object........................... 104 3.1.2. Preverbal Objects ......................................... 109 3.1.3. Implication Force ......................................... 110 3.1.4. Summary ....................................................... 112 3.2. Resultative Verb Compounds ............................................ 113 vu 3.2.1. Syntactic Properties of RVC’s ....................... 114 3.2.2. Head of an RVC ............................................ 119 3.2.3. RVC Presents a Situation of Change-of-State ............................................. 128 3.2.4. Summary ........................................................