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GiNAStE∏A GiNAStE∏A S 5 Introduction / Introducción ido 5 English 9 Español 14 Works / Obras EN 15 Opera / Ópera t Ginastera’s Operas / Óperas de Ginastera 17 Ballet / Ballet N The Great Ballet / El gran ballet o 17 Works for Orchestra / Obras para orquesta New York Content, Review Arrivals and Departures: North America / Llegadas y partidas: Norteamérica c Boosey & Hawkes, Inc. Trudy Chan 229 West 28th St, 11th Floor Patrick Gullo Música Mágica / Música Mágica New York, NY 10001 Maggie Heskin 21 Works for String Orchestra / Obras para orquesta de cuerdas / USA Steven Lankenau 21 Works for Solo Instrument & Orchestra / Obras para solo de instrumento y orquesta +1 (212) 358-5300 Zizi Mueller S [email protected] Introduction Concierto argentino / Concierto argentino www.boosey.com t Deborah Schwartz-Kates 23 Works Arranged for Solo Instrument & Orchestra / Obras adaptadas para solo de instrumento y orquesta London Translations 25 Works for Voice(s) & Orchestra / Obras para voz (voces) y orquesta Boosey & Hawkes Verbatim Solutions Music Publishers Limited Jens Luckwaldt Arrivals and Departures: New York / Llegadas y partidas: Nueva York EN Aldwych House Sebastián Zubieta 26 Works for Chorus & Orchestra / Obras para coro y orquesta 71-91 Aldwych London, WC2B 4HN Sampler Editing Arrivals and Departures: Europe / Llegadas y partidas: Europa t UK Trudy Chan Chris Cresswell 27 Works for Ensemble & Chamber Without Voice(s) / Obras para conjunto y cámara sin voces +44 (0) 20 7054 7200 N [email protected] Art Direction, Design 28 Works for Ensemble & Chamber With Voice(s) / Obras para conjunto y cámara con voz (voces) www.boosey.com Kristin Spix Design Arrivals and Departures: Washington, DC / Llegadas y partidas: Washington, DC Berlin Printing, Packaging, 31 Works for Piano(s) / Obras para piano(s) co Boosey & Hawkes Sampler Mastering Bote & Bock GmbH Tanaseybert Ginastera and the Piano / Ginastera y el piano Lützowufer 26 Cover Photograph 32 Instrumental Works / Obras instrumentales 10787 Berlin (Score sample from Bomarzo) Deutschland Kristin Spix The Guitar Chord / Acorde de guitarras +49 (030) 2500 1300 [email protected] Special thanks to the Library of 36 Chronology / Cronología www.boosey.de Congress, Washington, DC. 38 Abbreviations / Abreviaturas 2013 & © Boosey & Hawkes, Inc. 40 CD Track Listing / Lista de pistas del CD ERA “ Beauty is the emergence of a spiritual climate in which each artist is t NAS i transfigured through the impulse of creation. In this climate, the work that G springs forth from the depths of his soul, combining personal and shared 5 elements of humanity, is purified and becomes translucent and clear. It becomes universal.” — Alberto Ginastera Alberto Ginastera was an original creative voice, courage, bravery, and independence Argentines whose music transcended the limits of his age. extolled as national virtues. The composer’s affinity He was born in a working-class neighborhood of for rural sources deepened during his 1937 military Buenos Aires, the son of Argentine parents of service in the pampas (or plains region). His identi- Catalan and Italian descent. The first musician in fication with the Argentine countryside inspired N his family, he showed promising signs of musical some of his freshest and most spontaneous works, talent and attended both the Williams Conservatory such as the Estancia ballet (1941), the Estancia suite and the National Conservatory in Buenos Aires. Yet, (1941), and the Obertura para el “Fausto criollo” Ginastera was not a child prodigy. He worked slowly (1943). In his Estancia ballet, the composer com- and methodically to produce meticulously crafted bined sung and spoken passages from the national works through a lifetime of painstaking labor. epic poem Martín Fierro, with imaginative recreations As a young man, Ginastera came under the spell of gaucho music (including the competitive malambo of Stravinsky, whose The Rite of Spring he first heard dance). In his humorous Obertura para el “Fausto in Buenos Aires. For him, that performance “was criollo,” he cleverly entwined passages from like a shock—something new and unexpected.” Gounod’s opera with ingenious stylizations of oductio He felt drawn to “the primitivism of the music, its Argentine folk music. R dynamic impulse, and the novelty of its language,” By this time, Ginastera had entered into a dy- t which inspired his first official work, the ballet namic new phase of his life. In 1941, he married Panambí (1937). Based on an ancient Guaraní Mercedes de Toro, whom he met as a student at N legend, this piece recalled Stravinsky’s The Rite the conservatory. The couple had two children: i of Spring with its primordial subject, pulsating Alexander (b. 1942) and Georgina (b. 1944). The ostinatos, and brilliant use of percussion instru- composer’s joyful domestic life overflowed into his ments. The successful premiere of an orchestral music of the period. In his “Chacarera” from the suite derived from the ballet score established the Cinco canciones populares argentinas (1943), he young composer as a dynamic creative figure on playfully recalled his wife’s nickname (“Ñata”), and, the national music scene. in the “Arrorró,” he fashioned a tender lullaby for In the works immediately following Panambí, his newborn son. Even though Ginastera was a Ginastera integrated a nationalistic perspective reticent young man, he enjoyed referencing his with a broad range of contemporary styles and family and friends in his compositions. techniques. Many of these works evoked the figure In 1941, Aaron Copland traveled to Buenos Photo: Annemarie Heinrich of the gaucho (or native horseman), whose Aires on a South American tour to promote intercultural exchange. There he met Ginastera, who A high point of the composer’s Guggenheim Foundation for the Cantata para América mágica victim who was raped by her father, whom she then ERA ERA t felt immediately drawn to his ideals and aesthetics. experience came in 1946, when he studied at the (1960) and the Koussevitzky Foundation for the contrived to murder. This work, commissioned for t NAS NAS i i G Both composers shared the goal of constructing Berkshire Summer Music Festival in Tanglewood First Piano Concerto (1961). In the Cantata para the opening of the Kennedy Center in Washington, G 6 musical images of American landscapes with under Copland. For Ginastera, that summer was América mágica, Ginastera returned to the pre- DC, produced a gripping psychological effect 7 contemporary styles that appealed to concert nothing short of transformational. In a memorial to Columbian sources that he evoked in Panambí. through its unrelenting musical language enhanced audiences. Initially, the two had a student-mentor Serge Koussevitzky, he described Tanglewood as His dramatic writing for solo soprano and 53 per- by cinematic techniques. relationship, but eventually came to regard each that privileged place “where, like many young cussion instruments left critics spellbound, leading The premiere of Ginastera’s second opera, other as colleagues. Naturally, Ginastera’s music composers, I discovered the secret path to my several to declare the work a masterpiece and its Bomarzo, provoked a scandal. At the time, the owed a debt to his North American mentor. Yet, future musical life.” It was there that he composed composer a major creative figure. military leader of Argentina, Juan Carlos Onganía, Copland also absorbed ideas and approaches his Hieremiae prophetae lamentationes—three In his First Piano Concerto, Ginastera highlighted maintained an iron grip on the nation and exercised from his talented student. His ballet Rodeo (1942) Latin motets that expressed his outcry against the the virtuoso soloist with an innovative first move- rigid control of the arts and the media. During the derived from his South American experience and tragedies of WWII and the Perón regime. ment that began with a bravura cadenza, followed 1967 world premiere of Bomarzo in Washington, suggested the influence of Estancia. Upon his return to Buenos Aires, Ginastera by ten variations, each devoted to a formidable DC, the international press corps hailed the work Ginastera struggled with Argentine politics all his reintegrated himself into Argentine musical life, pianistic challenge. In this work and in the preceding as a triumph. Yet, the critics’ fascination with the life. He believed in “the defense of freedom inherent founding and directing the Conservatory of Music Cantata, the composer minimized the use of sex, violence, and hallucination of the work alarmed in man from the time of his origins and the respect and Dramatic Arts in La Plata. Yet, a second crisis Argentine sources and cultivated experimental tech- the Argentine government, which censured the for his rights in three regards: physical, moral, and arose in 1952, when the government sought to niques. In 1962, he announced his changing aes- opera and banned its performance from the Teatro spiritual.” The composer’s problems began in 1945 name the conservatory after Eva Perón. Ginastera thetic orientation with the statement: “The time for Colón. Outraged by the government’s decision, during the rise of Juan D. Perón. At that time, he refused—an act that resulted in his ouster from folklore has passed, even for the sophisticated and Ginastera retaliated. He prohibited the performance lost his job at the Liceo Militar for protesting the the conservatory. Reflecting on this defeat, he spiritualized folklore of a Bartók.” A radical change of any of his music at the theater or elsewhere in dismissal of a group of faculty members. Although confided to Copland: “This was a terrible blow in in the musical life of the composer had begun. the city. Although, for the moment, he decided to the authorities reinstated Ginastera six months later, my economic life (and I must confess … in my Ginastera’s affinity for the human voice led remain in Argentina, he spent increasing amounts the composer refused to return. Instead, he took spiritual life too) because I understood that all my him to write three operas.