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INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL

ANTH/RELS )17 (200) (Honors)

SYLLABUS

SPRING 2013 (Tuesdays and Thursdays 2:20-3:35 PM)

Psychology Building, Room 337

Shelley Wachsmann, Ph.D. Meadows Professor of Biblical Archaeology Nautical Archaeology Program, Department of , Texas A&M University

Office hours: Wednesdays 3:00-5:00 PM, or by appointment at the Nautical Archaeology Program, Anthropology Department, Room 121 Telephone (979) 847-9257; E-mail: [email protected]

This course is designed to introduce the student to the archaeology and material culture of the Land of the . The course has the following objectives: A) To acquaint students with the rich matrix of material culture related to the peoples of biblical times in that region, B) To integrate these physical remains into an overall humanistic understanding of the biblical world, C) To supply the student with the tools to evaluate archaeological discoveries in relation to the biblical narrative, D) To familiarize the student to the interrelationship of various sources-texts, artifacts, iconography, etc.-for interpreting and understanding the past. There are no prerequisites to taking this course.

We will cover the period from the Epi-Paleolithic period (ca. 10,000-8,500 B.C.) till the lst­ centuty A.D. Classes will be devoted primarily to KeynoteTM lectures. We will also see video presentations. The final grade will be based on the total grades earned by the student from one assignment (5 points), three tests (two mid-term examinations and a final examination, each worth 25 points) and a tetm paper (20 points) due the last day of class (Thursday, April25). The assignment will be given on our third meeting (Tuesday, January 22nd) and will be due on our 111 fifth meeting (Tuesday, February 29 ). Late submissions will not be accepted.

As tenn paper topic selection can be a difficult process, and lead to procrastination, I encourage you to look over the material that we will cover and select a topic tbr your term paper early in the semester. Please see me to discuss your topic ideas. You will be expected to submit a 250-word (!-page double spaced) abstract together with a preliminary bibliography no later than our tenth meeting (February 141h). Remember, deadlines are om· friends.

The second mid-term, and the final test, will include only material covered since the previous test. The class session prior to each test will be spent in reviewing and discussing the material covered in the test. Letter grades assigned will follow the standard TAMU scale: 100-90 ~ A, 89-80 ~ B, 79-70 ~ C, 69-60 ~ D, 59 and below~ F. Sometimes students do not do well on a midterm. Should this happen the student will have the option to take a final exam covering all the material of the entire semester. This test will count for the final and will replace the lower of the two mid­ term test grades (50 point value). Anyone wishing to take this option must register to do so no ANTH/RE:LS )17 (200) Intra to E>iblical A1-chaeolog

As a textbook for the first part of the course we will be using 's Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: 10,000-586 B.C.£. (The Anchor Bible Reference Librmy.) New York, Yale University Press (2009). Additional readings will be found at Evans E-reserve. The majority of additional readings fbr this course are found in a joumal entitled Biblical Archaeology Review. This resource is available online at Lib cat. To access these internet resources you must either use a university computer, or, if you are off campus, you may be required to sign into your university account

CLASS LECTURES ON LINE Class lectures are available on-line as downloadable pdf files on the Electronic Course Reserves. Stndents should download these tiles and print them out (multiple slides per printed page) as a convenient aid in taking notes. These lecture files do not replace class attendance.

CLASS ID NUMBERS For reasons of identity security neither Social Security numbers nor UIN numbers will be used when posting grades. For this purpose each student will receive a unique class ID number.

THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal anti-discrimination statnte that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a leaming environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Disability Services in Room B 118, Cain Hall. Tel. 845-1637. Website: (http://disability.tamu.edu/).

STATEMENT ON DIVERSITY Respect for cultnral and human biological diversity is a core concept of Anthropology. In tl1is course, each voice in the classroom has something of value to contribute to class discussion. Please respect the different experiences, beliefs and values expressed by your fellow students and instmctor, and refi:ain from derogatory comments about other individuals, cultures, groups, or viewpoints. The Anthropology Department supports the Texas A&M University commitment to Diversity, and welcomes individuals of all ages, backgrounds, citizenships, disabilities, education, ethnicities, family statuses, genders, gender identities, geographical locations, languages, military experience, political views, races, , sexual orientations, socioeconomic statuses, and work experiences (Seehttp ://diversity. tamu.edu/).

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY An Aggie does not lie, cheat or steal, or tolerate those who do. For more information regarding academic integrity, please visit the Honor Council Rules and Procedures on the web: http://aggiehonor.tamu.edu). ANTH/RE:LS 717 (200) Intra to E>iblical Archaeolow Honors

SCHEDULE SPRING 201)

WEEKi (I) Tuesday, January 15'" :r Introduction to Biblical Archaeology I (2) Thursday, January 17'h > Introduction to Biblical Archaeology II

WEEK2 (3) Tuesday, Janumy 22"d > Introduction to Biblical Archaeology III (Assignment given) ( 4) Thursday, Janumy 24'h :r Introduction to Biblical Archaeology IV (Video presentation: Archaeology From the Ground Down)

WEEK3 (5) Tuesday, January 29'" >Introduction to Biblical Archaeology V (Assignment rehnned, 5 points) (6) Thursday, January 31" >Introduction to Biblical Archaeology VI & The First Agriculhuists: The Bpi-Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods

WEEK4 (7) Tuesday, February 5'h;;. The First Agriculh1rists: The Bpi-Paleolithic and Neolithic - -PeJ•ieds-EGentd.)------(8) Thursday, Februa1y 7'h :r Review

WEEKS (9) Tuesday, February 12'h > Mid-term examination #l (30 points) (10) Thursday, Februa1y l4'h >On Writing Reports and Term Papers (250-word tenn paper abstracts due) NB Students are invited to Professor Vauglm Bryant's lecture to ANTH/RELS 317 (500), The Paleolithic Health Club: Where Have We Gone Wrong? (3:55PM, Harrington Educational Center])

WEEK6 (II) Tuesday, February 19'h > Innovative Communities of the Fourth Mille1mium: The Chalcolithic Period (12) Thursday, February 21'' >The Emergence of Cities: The Emly Bronze Age

WEEK7 (13) Tuesday, February 26'" > Early Bronze Age (Contd.) (14) Thursday, February 28'h >An Interlude: The Early Bronze IV/Middle Bronze Age I

WEEKS ( 15) Tuesday, March 5'h > Mighty Canaanite City-States: The Middle Bronze Age II (16) Thursday, March 7'" >Middle Bronze Age II (Contd.) & In the Shadow of Egyptian Domination: The Late Bronze Age ANTH/RE:LS )17 (200) Intra to Biblical Archaeologt; Honors +

WEEK9

SPRING BREAK. No CLASSES.

WEEK10 1 (17) Thursday, March 19 " ~ Late Bronze Age (Coutd.) (18) Thursday, March 21'1 ~Review

WEEKll 1 ( 19) Tuesday, March 26 " );> Mid-term examination #2 (30 points) 1 (20) Thursday, March 28 " ~ Seafaring in the Late Bronze Age: The Uluburuu Shipwreck

WEEK12 (21) Tuesday, April2"d ~A Voyage to Antiquity: (Video presentation) (22) Thursday, April4'" ~ The Days of the Judges: I

WEEK13 (23) Tuesday, April9'" );>The Sea Peoples and the Philistines: The Iron Age I 1 (24) Thursday, Aprilll " ~ The United Monarchy: The Reigns of Saul, David and : Iron Age IIA, ca. 1000-925 B.C.

WEEK14 (25) Tuesday, April 16'" ~ The Divided Monarchy: Iron Age IIB-C (26) Thursday, April IS'"~ Historical Overview: From the Persian to the Early Roman Periods & A Tour of the Second Holy Temple in in the Time of

WEEK15 (27) Tuesday, April23'd );>The Backdrop to the Ministry of Jesus: Seafaring on the Sea of Galilee (28) Thursday, April 25'" ~ Review

1 Final examination: Wednesday, May 8 \ 1:00-3:00 PM (35 points)

00000000 ANTH/RE:LS 717 (200) Intra to E>iblical Archaeolow Honors 5

READINGS

INTRODUCTION TO 515LICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Ben-Tor, A., 1992. Introduction. In: The Archaeology ofAncient . Ed. A. Ben-Tor. Trans. R. Greenberg. West Hanover: 1-9. Mazar, A., Archaeology ofthe Land of the Bible, pp. 1-34 (Ch. 1).

NE:OLITHIC PE:RIOD Banning, E. B., 1998. The Neolithic Period: Triumphs of Architecture, Agriculture, and Art. Biblical Archaeologist 61(4): 188-237. Schmandt-Besserat, D., 2003. Stone Age Death Masks: A New Interpretation of Some of the World's Earliest Human Images. Archaeology Odyssey 6(2): 18-27. Stone, E., 1999. Black Sea Flood Theory to be Tested. Science 283(12 Februmy): 915- 916.

THE: CHALCOLITHIC PE:RIOD Joffe, A. H., J.P. Dessel and R. S. Hallote, 2001. The "Gila! Woman": Female Iconography, Chalcolithic Cult, and the End of Southern Levantine Prehistory. 64(1-2): 8-23. Levy, T. E., 1986. Archaeological Sources for the Study of : The Chalcolithic Period. Biblical Archaeologist 49(2): 82-108. Ussishkin, D., 1971. The "Ghassulian" Temple in Ein Gedi and the Origin of the Hoard from Nahal Mishmar. Biblical Archaeologist 34(1): 23-39.

E:ARLY 5RONZ.E: AGE: Richard, S., 1987. Archaeological Sources for the of Palestine: The Early Bronze Age: The Rise and Collapse of Urbanism. Biblical Archaeologist 50(1): 22-43.

E:ARLY 5RONZ.E: IV/MIDDLE: 5RONZ.E: AGE: I The Enuma Elish (Mesopotamian Creation Epic). In: Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the . Third Edition with Supplement. Ed. J.B. Pritchard. Princeton. 1969: 60-72. Yadin, Y., 1971. A Note on the Scene Depicted on the "Ain-Samiya Cup. Israel Exploration Joumal21: 82-85.

MIDDLE: 5RONZ.E: AGE: II Dever, W. G., 1987. Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine: The Middle Bronze Age: The Zenith of the Urban Canaanite Era. Biblical Archaeologist 50(3): 148-177. Kitchen, K.A., 1995. The Patriarchal Age: Myth or Histmy? Biblical Archaeology Review 2112: 48-57, 88, 90, 92, 94-95. ANTH/RE:LS )17 (200) Intra to E>iblical Archaeologt;~ Honors 6

LATE: 5RONZ.E: AGE: Goldwasser, 0., 2010. How the Alphabet was Bom from Hieroglyphics. Biblical Archaeology Review 36(2): 36-50, 74. Leonard Jr., A., 1989. Archaeological Sources for the Stndy of Palestine: The Late Bronze Age. Biblical Archaeologist 52(1 ): 4-39.

THE: ULUE>URUN SHIPWRECK Bachhuber, C., 2006. Aegean Interest on the Uluburun Ship. American Journal of Archaeology 110: 345-363. Bass, G. F., 1987. Oldest Known Shipwreck Reveals Bronze Age Splendors. National Geographic Magazine 172:693-733. Pulak, C.M., 1998. The Ulubunm Shipwreck: An Overview. Intemational Journal of Nautical Archaeology 27: 188-224. Pulak, C., 2008. The Uluburun Shipwreck and Late Bronze Age Trade. In Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B. C. J. Amz, K. Benzel and J. M. Evans, eds. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Ati: 288-305, artifact catalogue: 306-310, 313-321, 324-333, 336-348, 350-358, 366-370, 372-378, 382-385.

IRON AGE: I: THE: ISRAELITE: CONQUEST AND SE:TTLE:ME:NT Anonymous, 1991. Can you Name the Panel with the ? Biblical Archaeology Review 17/6: 54-55. Beit-At·ieh, I., 1984. Fifteen Years in Sinai: Israeli Archaeologists Discover a New World. Biblical Archaeology Review 10(4): 26-54. Fritz, V., 1987. Conquest or Settlement? The Early Iron Age in Palestine. Biblical Archaeologist 50(2): 84-100. Homan, M. M., 2010. Did the Ancient Israelites Drink Beer? Biblical Archaeology Review 36(5): 48-56, 78. Rainey, A., 1991. Rainey's Challenge. Biblical Archaeology Review 17/6: 56-60. Rainey, A., 2008. Inside Outside: Where Did the Early Israelites Come From? Biblical Archaeology Review 34(6): cover, 45-50, 84. Yadin, Y., 1968. "At1d Dan, Why Did He Remain in Ships" (Judges 5: 17). Australian Journal ofBiblical Archaeology 1: 9-23. Yurco, F.J., 1990. 3,200-Year-Old Pictnre oflsraelites found in Egypt. Biblical Archaeology Review 16/5: 20-38. Yurco, F.J., 1991. Yurco's Response. Biblical Archaeology Review 17/6: 61. ANTH/RE:LS )17 (200) lntro to 5iblical Archaeolog

IR.ON AGE: I: THE: PHILJST\NE:S& THE: SE:A PEOPLES The Journey ofWen-amon to Phoenicia. In: Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Third Edition with Supplement. Ed. J.B. Pritchard. Princeton. 1969: 25-29. Stager, L.E., 1991. When Canaanites and Philistines Ruled Ashkelon. Biblical Archaeology Review 17/2: 24-37, 40-43. Wachsmann, S., 1997. Were the Sea Peoples Mycenaeans? The Evidence of Ship Iconography. In: Res Maritimae: Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean ji-om Prehistory to Late Antiquity. (Proceedings ofthe Second International Symposium "Cities on the Sea," Nicosia, Cyprus, October 18-22, 1994, Nicosia, Cyprus). Eds. S. Swiny, R. Hohlfelder and H. Wylde Swiny. Atlanta: 339-356.

IR.ON If: THE: UNITED & DIVIDED MONAR.CHYS

Anonymous, 1994. "David" Found at Dan. Biblical Archaeology Review 20/2: 26-39. Anonymous, 1999. Has David Been Found in Egypt? Biblical Archaeology Review 25/1: 34-35. Draper, R., 2010. Kings of Controversy: Was the Kingdom of David and Solomon a Glorious Empire-or Just a Little Cow Town? It Depends on Which Archaeologist You Ask. National Geographic Magazine 218(6 [December]): 66-91. Herr, L. G., 1997. Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine: The Iron Age II Period: Emerging Nations. Biblical Archaeologist 60(3): 114-151, 154- 183. Levin, Y., 2012. Did Pharaoh Sheshonq Attack Jerusalem? Biblical Archaeology Review 38(4): 42-52.

Levy, T. E. and M. N. Najjar, 2006. Some Thoughts on Khirbet en-Na~as, Edom, Biblical History and Anthropology- A Response to . Tel Aviv 33: 3-17. Mazar, A., 2010. Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy. In One God- One Cult- One Nation. Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives. R. G. Kratz and Spieckerrnmm, eds. Berlin and New York, Walter de Gruyter: 29-58. Mazar, E., 2009. The Palace ofKing David: Excavations at the Summit of the , Preliminmy Report ofSeasons 2005-2007. Jerusalem, Shoham Academic Research and Publication. Monson, J., 2000. The New 'Ain Dara Temple: Closest Solomonic ParalleL Biblical Archaeological Review 26(3): 20-35, 67. Shanks, H., 2010. Prize Find: Oldest Hebrew Inscription Discovered in Israelite Fort on Philistine Border. Biblical Archaeology Review 36(2): 51-54. ANTH/RE:LS 317 (200) lntro to Biblical Archa eolo~ Honors 8

FROM THE: PE:RSIAN TO THE E ARL Y ROMAN PERIODS

Berlin, A. A., 1997. Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine: Between Larger Forces: Palestine in the Hellenistic Period. Biblical Archaeologist 60(1): 2- 51. Betylon; J. W., 2005. A People Transfom1ed: Palestine in the Persian Period. Near Eastern Archaeology 68(1-2): 4-58.

A TOUR OF THE SECOND TEMPLE IN J ERU SALEM

Ritmeyer, K. and L. Ritrneyer, 1990. ReconstTucting Herod's in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 15/6: 23-42.

THE SEA OF GALILE:E 50AT

Wachsmann, S., 1988. The Galilee Boat: 2,000-Ycar-Oid Hull Recovered Intact. Biblical Archaeology Review 14/5: 29-33. Wachsmann, S. 1995. The Sea ofGalilee Boat: An Extraordina1JI2000 Year Old Discove1y. New York: 123-167 ("Yep, It's an Old Boat"), 355-369 (Once Upon a Boat).

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